combined thermal and electrical pv storage in households · combined thermal and electrical pv...
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![Page 1: Combined Thermal and Electrical PV Storage in Households · Combined Thermal and Electrical PV Storage in Households –experience and measurement results Ivan Katić, Senior Specialist,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041716/5e4b3dab116c3c5867737b18/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Combined Thermal and Electrical PV Storage in Households – experience and measurement results
Ivan Katić, Senior Specialist, [email protected]
![Page 2: Combined Thermal and Electrical PV Storage in Households · Combined Thermal and Electrical PV Storage in Households –experience and measurement results Ivan Katić, Senior Specialist,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041716/5e4b3dab116c3c5867737b18/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• Increase self-cuncumption of PV electricity in households• Evaluate total efficiency of battery energy storage with a new BMS• Demonstrate cost-effective solutions for thermal storage• Test a new heat pump controller with smart grid functionality• Develop a simple tool for system sizing
Project scope
![Page 3: Combined Thermal and Electrical PV Storage in Households · Combined Thermal and Electrical PV Storage in Households –experience and measurement results Ivan Katić, Senior Specialist,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041716/5e4b3dab116c3c5867737b18/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• Consumption profiles• Seasonal mismatch
• Daily mismatch
Most PV systems export more than50% of production
Annual profile
PV owner’s pain
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• EnergyFlexHouses• NZEB design
• 500+ data points
• Side-by side rooms
• Floor heating
• Radiator heating
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Solar PV
3 x 400 V AC
Inverter/charger
Battery
INV
Heat pump Heat pump
DHW
Householdelectricity
MeterPoint of gridconnection
Experimental system configuration
![Page 6: Combined Thermal and Electrical PV Storage in Households · Combined Thermal and Electrical PV Storage in Households –experience and measurement results Ivan Katić, Senior Specialist,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041716/5e4b3dab116c3c5867737b18/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
System components
• 2 x 3.5 kWp PV system
• 4.8 kWh LiFePo battery
• 2.3 kVA battery inverter
• 6 kW(T) heat pump
• 250 l buffertank
• 180 l DHW tank
• Smart electricity meter
• 2 x WiFi sockets
![Page 7: Combined Thermal and Electrical PV Storage in Households · Combined Thermal and Electrical PV Storage in Households –experience and measurement results Ivan Katić, Senior Specialist,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041716/5e4b3dab116c3c5867737b18/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Smart Grid in practice
![Page 8: Combined Thermal and Electrical PV Storage in Households · Combined Thermal and Electrical PV Storage in Households –experience and measurement results Ivan Katić, Senior Specialist,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041716/5e4b3dab116c3c5867737b18/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• Overall control based on SMA Home Manager 2.0
• Connection to smart grid ready NILAN heatpump• 3 modes: Normal, off or high temperature (+10K)
Smart grid
ready
Heatpump
Edimax 1
Edimax 2
SunnyPortal
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Programming in Sunny Portal
Heats pump off+10 K set
temperature
Normal
![Page 10: Combined Thermal and Electrical PV Storage in Households · Combined Thermal and Electrical PV Storage in Households –experience and measurement results Ivan Katić, Senior Specialist,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041716/5e4b3dab116c3c5867737b18/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Day with few clouds
![Page 11: Combined Thermal and Electrical PV Storage in Households · Combined Thermal and Electrical PV Storage in Households –experience and measurement results Ivan Katić, Senior Specialist,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041716/5e4b3dab116c3c5867737b18/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Battery cycling results
• Monthly AC efficiency 66-77%
• Standby losses are significant! It may be better to buy some power insteat of starting up the batteryinverter.
• Difficult to determine state of charge when not fullycharged. This caused the voltage guard to trip the whole system
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Heat storage solutions in family houses with heatpump
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• Total water volume = 250 + 180 = 430 liter.
• Q = M*Cp*dT = 430 kg * 4,186 kJ/kgK * 10 K = 18000 kJ =
5,0 kWh thermal (10K)
• Concrete floor mass = 2300 kg/m3 * 0,1m*100m2 = 23000 kg
• Q = M*Cp*dT = 23000 * 2,38 kJ/kgK * 3 K = 164220 kJ =
45,6 kWh thermal (3K)
• Total equivalent electricity use in a heat pump = 15-20 kWh/cycle
Theoretical heat storage capacity
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Heat storage in 10 cm thick concrete floor
Heating supply temperature
Room temperature
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Getting the lowest possible temperature for the heat pump
A generic problem. Bypass circuits should be avoided!
Active heat storage requires an intelligent control system with interface to all room thermostats
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Period with heat storage only
Power modulation of the heatpump could help fill the gaps/cut the peaks
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The power wasreduced to 60% and the batteryconnected
Longer runtimeand 100% seffconsumption in daytime
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Simulation model
Priority of energy flows areindicated as 1/2/3
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Simulation results
Resistance heatingHeatpumps
PV system 8 kW
Battery 8 kWh
DHW storage 5 kWh
Buffertank 15 kWh
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What have we learned?• Smart Grid Ready does not mean end of all problems!
• Cloud monitoring and –control requires technical skills and a lotof attention
• Limited options for control of heat pumps as ”dump load” for excess electricity
• Central heating systems are not built for grid flexibility, smartercontrol systems are required
• The tested system was time consuming to adjust and wassensitive to many small technical problems
• Differentiated tariffs = game changer