Combined Ionic, Metallic and Covalent Compounds

Everything together

Properties of Ionic Compounds

1. Electrons are transferred (Made of Ions)

2. Metal and a Nonmetal present (except NH4+

may be present)

3. High Melting Points

4. High Boiling Points

5. Normally Solids at Room Temperature

6. Conduct electricity when liquid or dissolved

7. Normally dissolve in Water

Properties of Metallic Compounds

1. WILL NOT dissolve in water

2. Will conduct electricity when solid

3. Malleable and Ductile

4. Most Solids at well above room temperature

5. High Melting and Boiling Points

6. Made of Positive Ions and delocalized electrons

Properties of Covalent Compounds

1. Electrons are shared (no ions)

2. Only Nonmetals present (NH4+ will be ionic)

3. Low Melting Points

4. Low Boiling Points

5. Normally Gases and Liquids or solids at Room Temp

6. Don’t conduct electricity

7. Normally DON’T dissolve in water

Molecules and Compounds

1. MOLECULE: 2 or more atoms COVALENTLY Bonded. (Maybe the same element)

2. COMPOUND: 2 or more DIFFERENT atoms combined

3. MOLECULAR COMPOUND (Both): 2 or more DIFFERENT atoms COVALENTLY bonded.

IONIC COMPOUNDS

A CATION combined with an ANION to form a neutral compound (formula unit) NaCl, CuF2, Ca(NO3)2, (NH4)SO4

Normally has a metal and a nonmetal or one or more Polyatomic Ions.

Electrons are transferred and opposite charges bring the ions together.

COVALENT COMPOUNDS

NO IONS are present Except Polyatomic Ions themselves are covalent

Made up of NONMETALS only Electrons are shared to complete Octets (8

electrons per atom) except H which gets 2 electrons

NAMING IONIC COMPOUNDS

1. Name the Cation first1. Groups 1, 2, Ag, Cd, Zn, Al and Ammonium get

NO ROMAN NUMERIAL

2. All other Metals get a Roman Numerial which is the CHARGE

2. Name the Anion1. Negative elements end in –ide

2. Polyatomics get their ate or ite

NAMING COVALENT COMPOUNDS

1. Use Prefixes to state the number of each type of element present

2. DON’T use mon on the first element

3. LAST name ends in ide

TERMS

ION: An atom or group of atoms that lost or gained electrons and has a charge

ANION: A negatively charged atom or group of atoms. Has gained one or more electrons

CATION: A positively charged atom or group of atoms. Has lost one or more electrons

MORE TERMS

OCTET RULE: All atoms need 8 valence electrons, Except H, He, Li, Be – 2 only

CHEMICAL FORMULA: A representation of a substance using symbols for its constituent elements

FORMULA UNIT: The smallest repeating unit of a substance. The molecule for nonionic substances. Also called the Empirical formula

EVEN MORE TERMS

IONIC BOND: A chemical link between two atoms caused by the electrostatic force between oppositely-charged ions in an ionic compound.

COVALENT BOND: a chemical link between two atoms in which electrons are shared between them.

POLYATOMIC ION: Two or more nonmetals combined together with a charge (YOU MUST KNOW THE LIST)

AGAIN EVEN MORE

VALENCE ELECTRONS: an electron that is the most likely to be involved in a chemical reaction. They are typically the highest energy s and p electrons.

COMPOUNDS: 2 or more DIFFERENT atoms combined

MOLECULE: 2 or more atoms COVALENTLY Bonded

MONOATOMIC ION: An ion made up of only one type of element.