1

COMBATING HIV/AIDS WITHIN A COMBATING HIV/AIDS WITHIN A ““GLOBAL SOLIDARITY FRAMEWORKGLOBAL SOLIDARITY FRAMEWORK””

Inelmen, EMInelmen, EMDIPARTIMENTO DI SCIENZE DIPARTIMENTO DI SCIENZE MEDICHE E CHIRURGICHE, MEDICHE E CHIRURGICHE, UNIVERSITA’ DI PADOVA, ITALYUNIVERSITA’ DI PADOVA, ITALY

GazerGazerrro, MLo, MLESPERTO DI GEOGRAFIA,ESPERTO DI GEOGRAFIA,

UNIVERSITA’ DI PADOVA, UNIVERSITA’ DI PADOVA, ITALYITALY

Inelmen, EInelmen, EDEPARTMENT OF APPLIED DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF BOGAZICI, ISTANBUL, BOGAZICI, ISTANBUL, TURKEYTURKEY

2

1.Introduction1.Introduction

To strengthen the HIV/AIDS response it To strengthen the HIV/AIDS response it is essential that international donors is essential that international donors support support not only specific-HIV targetsnot only specific-HIV targets

but also but also general socio-economic general socio-economic aspectsaspects, such as education, health , such as education, health services, women empowerment, services, women empowerment,

agricultural development, which play a agricultural development, which play a fundamental role in managing HIV/AIDS fundamental role in managing HIV/AIDS

pandemic (UNAIDS, 2008 Report). pandemic (UNAIDS, 2008 Report).

3

The HIV/AIDS epidemicThe HIV/AIDS epidemic

The HIV/AIDS epidemic nowadays is the result of The HIV/AIDS epidemic nowadays is the result of what 30 years ago was an unpredictable-but what 30 years ago was an unpredictable-but tremendously potent-tremendously potent-combination ofcombination of intimate intimate personal behaviourspersonal behaviours (notably, unprotected sex and (notably, unprotected sex and needle sharing) needle sharing) and socio-economics factorsand socio-economics factors (including poverty, gender inequity, social (including poverty, gender inequity, social exclusion, and migration) that have affected nearly exclusion, and migration) that have affected nearly every country worldwide.every country worldwide.

Piot P. Lancet 2009Piot P. Lancet 2009

4

The HIV/AIDS epidemic nowadaysThe HIV/AIDS epidemic nowadays

The HIV/AIDS epidemic continues to The HIV/AIDS epidemic continues to spread at a rate of over 6000 new spread at a rate of over 6000 new infections per day, the most rapid infections per day, the most rapid increases being observed in southern increases being observed in southern and central Africa and in South Asia. and central Africa and in South Asia. Kennedy CE et al, J Intern AIDS Society, 2010Kennedy CE et al, J Intern AIDS Society, 2010

5

6

Total Annual Resources available for AIDS, 1986-Total Annual Resources available for AIDS, 1986-20072007

Source: UNAIDS, 2008 Report on the Global Aids Epidemic, cap. 7, p. 188.Source: UNAIDS, 2008 Report on the Global Aids Epidemic, cap. 7, p. 188.

7

SolidaritySolidarity

What is really solidarity?What is really solidarity?

Simply to Simply to give moneygive money from rich to poor countries, from rich to poor countries, or a more or a more global approachglobal approach involving help to involving help to develop the socio-economic context in order to develop the socio-economic context in order to make every country able to fight against HIV/AIDS make every country able to fight against HIV/AIDS by itself and eliminating the factors that cause by itself and eliminating the factors that cause the spread of the epidemic?the spread of the epidemic?

8

9

Solidarity and Solidarity and globalizationglobalization

Due to the process of globalization, Due to the process of globalization, fight against HIV/AIDS need the fight against HIV/AIDS need the

implementation of solidarity at all implementation of solidarity at all levels. levels.

Non-governmental organizations, Non-governmental organizations, civil society groups, and the civil society groups, and the

private sector are deeply engaged private sector are deeply engaged in the response. in the response.

In this study we consider In this study we consider internationalinternational solidarity at the solidarity at the

government levelgovernment level

10

2. 2. DATADATA

To assess global solidarity we consider both To assess global solidarity we consider both the data regarding general funding for official the data regarding general funding for official development assistance and specific HIV/AIDS development assistance and specific HIV/AIDS funding, taking into account data from the funding, taking into account data from the following 3 organizations, accessible on line on following 3 organizations, accessible on line on their official site :their official site :

  1. DAC (Development Assistance Committee)1. DAC (Development Assistance Committee)

2. CGD (Center for Global Development) 2. CGD (Center for Global Development)

3. THE GF (Global Fund) 3. THE GF (Global Fund)

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

ResponsesResponses

Successful responses have addressed Successful responses have addressed sensitive social factors surrounding sensitive social factors surrounding HIV/AIDS prevention, such as sexual HIV/AIDS prevention, such as sexual behaviour, drug use, and gender behaviour, drug use, and gender equalities, countered stigma and equalities, countered stigma and discrimination, and mobilised affected discrimination, and mobilised affected communities; communities; but such responses have but such responses have been few and far between.been few and far between. Merson M et al, The Lancet, 2008Merson M et al, The Lancet, 2008

19

3. Conclusion 3. Conclusion 1/21/2

In order to reach more and more In order to reach more and more effective results in the fight effective results in the fight

against HIV/AIDS pandemic it is against HIV/AIDS pandemic it is realistic, despite the global realistic, despite the global

economic crisis, to ask economic crisis, to ask donor donor countries to increasecountries to increase, without any , without any

delay, delay, their efforts totheir efforts to targetstargets recommended by UN, WHO and recommended by UN, WHO and

other organizations. other organizations.

20

SOLIDARITY IS AN HUMAN SOLIDARITY IS AN HUMAN VALUE. TO SHARE IS A MORAL VALUE. TO SHARE IS A MORAL

DUTY.DUTY.Millennium Declaration 2000Millennium Declaration 2000

21

Conclusion Conclusion 2/22/2

Help must be sure on a Help must be sure on a long-term long-term basisbasis..

It is important to give It is important to give more aid where more aid where there is more needthere is more need, helping poor , helping poor

countries which often lack public and countries which often lack public and social structuressocial structures

to access to international funds to access to international funds improving their ability to present improving their ability to present

project and carry them out.project and carry them out.Solidarity to be implemented needs a Solidarity to be implemented needs a

mix of mix of local-based interventionslocal-based interventions. .

22

AppendixAppendix

Preferences Values Beliefs Time Space

Property Tradition Governance Kindship Formation

Performance Innovation Healthcare Production Security

23

Donor Countries

Grade 2006

Grade 2007

Grade 2008-10Australia F F D

Austria F F FCanada A C CDenmark A+ B BGermany F F C+Italy N N E-Japan F F DRussia No grade No grade ASpain B F BSweden A+ A No gradeThe Netherlands

A+ B AUnited Kingdom

C C C+United States C F C

GF Donor Report Card

Sources: http://www.aidsportal.org/repos/GF%20report%20card.pdf