com 215 media history. defining new media affordances and uses of new media media convergence ...
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COM 215 Media History
Defining New Media Affordances and Uses of New Media Media Convergence
Break Defining Culture
OUTLINE
Old media (analog systems)Photography, sound recording, cinema, radio,
television recorded on a continuous medium that resembles or corresponds to the original communication
Digitalization – all information (images, texts, sounds) converted to binary code (ones and zeros) and decoded precisely
Define new media
Perfect reproduction, perfect reproducibility (MP3 Transportable, malleable Global Instantaneous Persistent
Affordances of new media
Wikis Blogs
Content sharing sites
Social media networks
Look at platforms
• digital games• memes• tweets, posts, comments• blogs
• Mashups and remixes
Look at new cultural forms
• New media enchroaches on • time (spent on old media)
• media based on physical place (print news)
• always on, available, and updatable
• ad revenue
New media’s impact on old media
Internet Lowers barriers to entry (distribution costs) Can establish direct relationship to audiences Selective consumption (buy/access bits of the whole) Dialogic, interactive, and greater audience participation
New media’s impact on old media
Not replacing but converging . . . Convergence
Cultural forms (remix video, ebooks) Corporate ownership (mergers, vertical
integration - Google) Communication Systems (TV and Internet –
YouTube) Authorship (users-producers, professionals-
amateurs) Models of communication (Mass media and
social media – mass self communication)
Impact on old media ?
In the US digital cable is being delivered by cable lines
Effects on Cultural Consumption Interactive services: pay-per-view
programming, timeshifting (DVR), niche programming, abundance of choice
Narrowcasting and the disintegration of a public forum
Case Study: Digital Television
New industrial alliances (telecoms, cable, computer industry, entertainment companies)
Demand for content consolidates power traditional content producers and copyright owners Hollywood film companies New independent producers Vastly overpaid creative talent
Distributors continue to favor their own programming
Case Study: Time Warner refusing to carry competitors channels (Disney-ABC)
Case Study: Digital Television
MP3 compression standard allows files to be stored & shared
High bandwidth allows streaming & downloading
Computers allow storage & playback Software allows ripping File-sharing and peer to peer enables piracy
Case Study: Music distribution
Impact on industry? Impact on creativity and cultural
production? Impact on cultural consumption
Case Study: Recorded Music
Critical analysis of digital media
We have the power power is being consolidated in new ways
We have control we are puppets of digital media spaces
Culture - ways that individuals, groups, and societies express themselves in order to make sense of their lives and articulate shared values.
Products of consumer culture articulate and deliver values to large numbers of people…movies, novels, songs
Values often contested
Defining Culture
5 eras or phases of mass communication1. Oral
2. Written
3. Print
4. Electronic
5. Digital
The last three eras coincide with the rise of industrialism
Industrialization and culture
demographic shifts of rural populations to urban locations
dislocating families, removing traditional means of self identification (family, community, neighborhood, village)
self-identification through consumptionThe rise of consumer culture
Industrialization and culture
focus on consumer culture over artisanal culture
Alters Valuesexpectationswhat we think is important
Consumer culture
AcceleratingUbiquitousPervasiveConstantly evolving
In what ways might digital culture effect us?
Other aspects of digital culture