colour maps for the colour blind - peter kovesi · conclusions the colour maps are untested, but i...

Colour Maps for the Colour Blind Peter Kovesi Centre for Exploration Targeting School of Earth and Environment The University of Western Australia IAMG 2017

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Colour Maps for the Colour Blind

Peter Kovesi

Centre for Exploration TargetingSchool of Earth and Environment

The University of Western Australia

IAMG2017

Page 2: Colour Maps for the Colour Blind - Peter Kovesi · Conclusions The colour maps are untested, but I propose the following: • It is best to design colour maps within the colour space

protanopia

deuteranopia

tritanopia

Page 3: Colour Maps for the Colour Blind - Peter Kovesi · Conclusions The colour maps are untested, but I propose the following: • It is best to design colour maps within the colour space

Protanopia/Protanomaly: Red,Lconesmissing/reducedfunc=on. Red-Greenblind.1-2%males.

Deuteranopia/Deuteranomaly:Green,Mconesmissing/reducedfunc=on.

Red-Greenblind.6-8%males.Tritanopia/Tritanomaly: Blue,Sconesmissing/reducedfunc=on.

Blue-Yellowblind.Veryrare.

Page 4: Colour Maps for the Colour Blind - Peter Kovesi · Conclusions The colour maps are untested, but I propose the following: • It is best to design colour maps within the colour space

Testimageforcolourmaps:Asinewavesuperimposedonaramp

Agoodcolourmapwillrenderthesinewaveuniformlyacrosstheimage.

AmplitudeisreducedtozeroattheboMomoftheimage.

Amplitudeissetsothatpeaktotroughis10%ofthefulldatarange.

Page 5: Colour Maps for the Colour Blind - Peter Kovesi · Conclusions The colour maps are untested, but I propose the following: • It is best to design colour maps within the colour space

ColourMapRoadTest

Page 6: Colour Maps for the Colour Blind - Peter Kovesi · Conclusions The colour maps are untested, but I propose the following: • It is best to design colour maps within the colour space

Acolourmapisapaththroughcolourspace

Page 7: Colour Maps for the Colour Blind - Peter Kovesi · Conclusions The colour maps are untested, but I propose the following: • It is best to design colour maps within the colour space

LightnessdifferencesdominatesperceptualcontrastatfinespaCalscales.

Labcolourspace

Page 8: Colour Maps for the Colour Blind - Peter Kovesi · Conclusions The colour maps are untested, but I propose the following: • It is best to design colour maps within the colour space

TheColourMapDesignProcess

1)Defineacolourmappathusinglinesegmentsorsplines.

2)Ini=alcolourmap

3)Resamplecolourmappathatequallightnessstepstoobtainperceptualuniformity

Page 9: Colour Maps for the Colour Blind - Peter Kovesi · Conclusions The colour maps are untested, but I propose the following: • It is best to design colour maps within the colour space

PerceptuallyUniformColourMaps

VendorColourMaps Featuresdisappearatpointsoflowperceptualcontrast

Falsefeaturesthatareinthecolourmap,notinyourdata

Page 10: Colour Maps for the Colour Blind - Peter Kovesi · Conclusions The colour maps are untested, but I propose the following: • It is best to design colour maps within the colour space

tritanopia

protanopia

deuteranopia

Checkingtoseeifacolourmapis‘colourblindsafe’isnotopCmal

Colourmapdesignedsothatredandbluecoloursarematchedinlightnessandchroma.

Page 11: Colour Maps for the Colour Blind - Peter Kovesi · Conclusions The colour maps are untested, but I propose the following: • It is best to design colour maps within the colour space

Idealapproachistodesigncolourmapswithinthecolourspaceofthecolourblind

•  Ensuresmaximaluseofthecolourspace.

•  Allowseveryonetoshareacommonperceptualinterpreta=onofthedata.

•  Chromaandlightnesscanbeproperlyusedinthedesignofcolourmaps.

Page 12: Colour Maps for the Colour Blind - Peter Kovesi · Conclusions The colour maps are untested, but I propose the following: • It is best to design colour maps within the colour space

575nmisperceivedassameyellowbytrichromats,protanopesanddeuteranopes

Protananpic/DeuteranopicColourSpace

475nmisperceivedassamebluebytrichromats,protanopesanddeuteranopes

•  Assumethegreyscaleisperceivedinthesameway.

•  Usingdatafrompeoplewhoarecolourblindinjustoneeyeassumethefollowing:

Page 13: Colour Maps for the Colour Blind - Peter Kovesi · Conclusions The colour maps are untested, but I propose the following: • It is best to design colour maps within the colour space

575nmisperceivedassameyellowbytrichromats,protanopesanddeuteranopes

Protananpic/DeuteranopicColourSpace

475nmisperceivedassamebluebytrichromats,protanopesanddeuteranopes

•  Assumethegreyscaleisperceivedinthesameway.

•  Usingdatafrompeoplewhoarecolourblindinjustoneeyeassumethefollowing:

Page 14: Colour Maps for the Colour Blind - Peter Kovesi · Conclusions The colour maps are untested, but I propose the following: • It is best to design colour maps within the colour space

Protananpic/DeuteranopicColourSpaceinLMSconeresponsecoordinates

ColourspaceinLMSconeresponsecoordinates

HansBreMel,FrancoiseVienotandJohnD.Mollon.1997“Computerizedsimula=onofcolorappearancefordichromats”

(adistor=onoftheRGBcube)

Page 15: Colour Maps for the Colour Blind - Peter Kovesi · Conclusions The colour maps are untested, but I propose the following: • It is best to design colour maps within the colour space

Protanopicprojec=onofcoloursontocolourspace

Deuteranopicprojec=onofcoloursontocolourspace

Page 16: Colour Maps for the Colour Blind - Peter Kovesi · Conclusions The colour maps are untested, but I propose the following: • It is best to design colour maps within the colour space

Protananpic/DeuteranopicColourSpaceinCIELabcoordinates

Fullcolourspace

Page 17: Colour Maps for the Colour Blind - Peter Kovesi · Conclusions The colour maps are untested, but I propose the following: • It is best to design colour maps within the colour space

Page 18: Colour Maps for the Colour Blind - Peter Kovesi · Conclusions The colour maps are untested, but I propose the following: • It is best to design colour maps within the colour space

Page 19: Colour Maps for the Colour Blind - Peter Kovesi · Conclusions The colour maps are untested, but I propose the following: • It is best to design colour maps within the colour space

660nmisperceivedassameredbytrichromatsandtritanopes

TritanopicColourSpace

485nmisperceivedassameblue/greenbytrichromatsandtritanopes

Page 20: Colour Maps for the Colour Blind - Peter Kovesi · Conclusions The colour maps are untested, but I propose the following: • It is best to design colour maps within the colour space

TritanopicColourSpaceinLMSconeresponsecoordinates

Tritanopicprojec=onofcoloursontocolourspace

Page 21: Colour Maps for the Colour Blind - Peter Kovesi · Conclusions The colour maps are untested, but I propose the following: • It is best to design colour maps within the colour space

TritanopicColourSpaceinCIELabcoordinates

Fullcolourspace

Page 22: Colour Maps for the Colour Blind - Peter Kovesi · Conclusions The colour maps are untested, but I propose the following: • It is best to design colour maps within the colour space

Page 23: Colour Maps for the Colour Blind - Peter Kovesi · Conclusions The colour maps are untested, but I propose the following: • It is best to design colour maps within the colour space

Data:PropertyofFugroAirborneSurveysPtyLtdProcessing:PhasePreservingDynamicRangeCompression

Page 24: Colour Maps for the Colour Blind - Peter Kovesi · Conclusions The colour maps are untested, but I propose the following: • It is best to design colour maps within the colour space

Page 25: Colour Maps for the Colour Blind - Peter Kovesi · Conclusions The colour maps are untested, but I propose the following: • It is best to design colour maps within the colour space

divergingmaps

Page 26: Colour Maps for the Colour Blind - Peter Kovesi · Conclusions The colour maps are untested, but I propose the following: • It is best to design colour maps within the colour space

Conclusions

Thecolourmapsareuntested,butIproposethefollowing:•  Itisbesttodesigncolourmapswithinthecolourspaceofthe

colourblind,ratherthantestamapforcolourblind‘safeness’.

•  Workingwithinthecolourspaceofthecolourblindallowseveryonetoshareacommonperceptualinterpreta=onofthedata.

•  Ensuresmaximaluseoftheavailablecolourspace.

•  Chromaandlightnesscanbeproperlyusedinthedesignofcolourmaps.

Colourmapscanbedownloadedfrom:peterkovesi.com/projects/colourmaps

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