colostrum management in belgian blue cattle · 2014-10-24 · • only once colostrum • 30 min...

Colostrum management in Belgian Blue Cattle

Dr Geert Hoflack MSD Animal Health

Belgium

Introduction

Courtesy of Dr. J. Coghe

Introduction

400 SC / Year

Neonatal immunity

Epithelio-chorial placenta 6 layers

Hemo-chorial placenta 3 layers

http://www.google.be/url?url=http://www.schilderijen.nu/%3Fi%3D11018&rct=j&frm=1&q=&esrc=s&sa=U&ei=HXklVNeFPIPW7QbE6oGYCQ&ved=0CCUQ9QEwCA&usg=AFQjCNEj9hjs4XXlatjvtofeAJQtPxOm-w

Colostrum management • Colostrum = liquid gold • Prevention of:

– Omphaloflebitis – Enteritis – Pneumonia – ...

• Immunity: – Parental: < 24h: 10 gr IgG / l serum – Local:

• Unlimited • In practice: 14-21 d

Colostrum management • Colostrum = liquid gold

• Lower Morbidity • Lower Mortality • Better ADWG • Lower age at first calving • Improved milk production • (Tendency for) lower culling rate

Colostrum management

• Colostrum Quality

• Colostrum Quantity

• Timing of first colostrum

• Bacteriological quality

Breed Colostrum quantity (l) Ig Concentration (g/l)

BBB 1 70-120

HF 5-12 55-75

Dual purpose 5-7 70-80

HF: 48 g/l BBB: 103 g/l

Colostrum quality

Breed differences

Colostrum quality • Breed • Dry period: > 30d • Parity: > 3

• Nutrition during dry period • Mastitis • Parasitic infection • ...

> 50 g/l

Colostrum quantity Colostrum supply: -10% BW < 24h? - 4l < 6h ? Critical IgG mass = 100gr IgG Better: 200gr IgG 10g IgG/l serum Strive for 300gr IgG > 50 gr Ig G / l x 4l = 200 gr IgG

Colostrum quantity

4l x 50grIgG/l = 200 gr IgG - Low volume, higly concentrated - High volume, poorly concentrated Measure colostrum quality: colostrometer Estimate amount of colostrum necessary

> 50 gr Ig G / l x 4l = 200 gr Ig

< 6h pp

Colostrum quality • Direct method: RID (radial immunodiffusion assay) • Indirect method

– Colostrometer: t°C dependent (22°C) – Brix Refractometer (optical or digital): t°C independent

• Quigley et al., 2012 • Brix 21% Colostrum IgG > 50 g/l (sens: 92,9 %, spec: 65,5%) • IgG colostrum = (5,666 x Brix) - 61,896 • IgG colostrum = (5,5 x Brix) – 61 • 25 g = 15,3 ; 50 g = 19,8 ; 75 g = 24,2 ; 100 g = 28,6

Timing of first colostrum • Collection: EARLY PP

• At calving • 2h pp • < 6h pp!

0 h 12 h 24 h Fat % 9 6 5 Protein % (80% Ig) 15 5 4

Timing of first colostrum

- < 6h pp, 12h pp, 24h pp

- FEEDING: 2l immediately after birth: < 2h pp < > Nursing - Drinking behaviour BB:

• Interval parturition – suckling: 597 + 78 min = 10h! • Ingested milk: - first intake: 1.66 + 0.26 kg - within 24 h: 2.75 + 0.28 kg

Esophageal feeding?

• Gastric tube: – Colostrum: + 3h – Coli enteritis – dehydration

• Risc:

– Reduced Apparent Efficiency of Absorption < > Time: + 3h

– Ruminal drinking

Bacteriological quality • Avoid bacterial contamination FPT

• + Cows <> pooling • Clean udder: wash + DRY • Milking equipment • Sanitation of colostrum-collection, - storage and

- feeding equiment – Buckets – Teats – Esophageal tube – ...

Bacteriological quality • Storage < > bacterial multiplication • Direct shedding or (post)harvest contamination

– Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis – Escherichia Coli – Salmonella spp. – Listeria monocytogenes – Mycoplasma bovis – Staphylococcus aureus – Campylobacter spp. – ...

Bacteriological quality • Storage < > bacterial multiplication

– Pasteurize: 60°C for 30 (- 60)min • 30- 60 - 120min • at 60°C <> 63°C • Volume! Small... • Initial quality! Low...

– Refrigerate to 4°C – Freeze

• 1 year • < 7 d after thawing

FPT • Failure of passive transfer • < 10g IgG1 / l serum 24-48h pp • Test? Sens and Spec...

– RID!! – Brix (Optical or Digital) Refractometry – Serum total protein

• 52 g TP / l serum = 10g IgG1 / l serum • 55g TP / l serum in dehydrates calves

– Zn sulphate turbidity (serum, test fluid) • Inadequate PT: Se: 1; Sp: 0,52

– None entirely satisfactory... • Adequate level?

Serum IgG • Direct method:

– RID (radial immunodiffusion assay) – Electroforesis

• Indirect method – Serum total protein – Refractometer Brix:

• Morrill et al., 2013 • Brix 7,8% Serum IgG > 10g/l (sens: 90%, spec: 94,29%) • Serum IgG = (9,12846 x Brix) – 59,2122 • Serum Ig G = (9 x Brix) – 59

Serum IgG

• Check colostrum management • Cow side – in lab

– Calves 48 - 72h of age – Number: ?, 5

– Zink sulfate turbidity test (indirect)

• Good (> 30 IU/l) • Intermediate: long term colostrum (> 20 IU/l) • Bad: blood transfusion or sell (< 20 IU/l) • Cut-off: 18 IU/l • 4/5 good

Colostrum management: continued supplementation

Gr/l IgG IgM IgA Colostrum 60 8 4 Melk 0.8 0.08 0.08

Intestine: Ig A, Ig G 4 l milk vs 2 x / d 100 ml colostrum

–Ig G: 3.2 g vs 12 g –Ig A: 0.32 g vs 0.8 g

Less diarrhea (and better ADWG)


• Supplement 0,8% immune colostrum for 14d • Prevents diarrhea after Rota challenge

– 2d pp: inoculation – 21d pp: challenge

• Less diarrhea and less virus shedding • Immunomodulation (beyond 14d of

supplementation) – Systemic: suppression of antibody secretion – Local = intestine: stimulation , IgA en G


• Supplement 0,8% immune colostrum for 14d – 4l milk/d 32ml/d – 6l milk / d 48ml/d

• Advise:

– 50 (– 100) ml 2x/d – 0 – 14 d (- 21d) pp

• > 7d! – Goal: 10g 2x/d during 14d

Colostrum is more... • Colostrum = liquid gold

• Immunonological components

– Immunoglobulins!!! – Colostral leukocytes

• Uptake via Peyers patches (jenunum > ileum) • Into peripheral circulation : peak 24h post feeding • + Effects on immunity!

– Antigen-specific immunity! – Development of the neonatal immune system

HUMORAL Immunity CELLULAR Immunity




• Uptake via Peyers patches (jenunum > ileum) • Into peripheral circulation • + Effects on immunity!

PROPER FRESH DAM COLOSTRUM < > Pooling - Ig dilution: overall lower Ig G content - Disease transmission: Johne’s disease




• Uptake via Peyers patches (jenunum > ileum) • Into peripheral circulation • + Effects on immunity!

– Cytokines



– Immunoglobulins!!! – Colostral leukocytes – Cytokines

• Hormones • Easily digestable concentrated nutrients • (Insulin Like, Epidermal) Growth Factors, Tumor

necrosis factor-α • ...

EPITHELIOTROPIC

Colostrum is more... • Immunonological components

– Immunoglobulins!!! – Colostral leukocytes – Cytokines

• Hormones • Easily digestable concentrated nutrients • (Insulin Like, Epidermal) Growth

Factors, Tumor necrosis factor-α • ...

• Colostrum replacers? • Colostrum supplements!

Colostrum management BB • Only once colostrum • 30 min after birth • How:

– 1. Ad libitum drinking • L colostrum x gr IgG (colostrum meter)

– 2. Continue with esophageal tube feeding • Until full

• Do not force: 3,7 – 4,2l – ECI Marloie when shortage: 75gr IgG / l – Total: Dam + Marloie > 300 gr IgG

• Stand up at 4h of age • No feeding until hungry: 36hpp

Colostrum management BB

7020 40 kg 16/1/6 u 1 L 50 gr + 600 gr 32,5

7021 50 kg 18/1/6 u 3,5 L 65 gr 34,8

7022 40 kg 21/1/15 u 4 L 87,5 gr 37,3

7023 55 kg 24/1/08 u 4,5 L 75 gr 36,4

7024 50 kg 26/1/09 u 4,5 L 87,5 gr 47,3

7025 60kg 26/1/18 u 4 L 87,5 gr 37,1

7026 55 kg 26/1/22 u 3 L 100 gr 36,8

7027 55 kg 26/1/23 u 3,5 L 100 gr 42

7028 50 kg 27/1/13 u 4,2 L 67,5 gr 38,1

7029 40 kg 28/1/16 u 2 L 112,5gr + 200gr 38,1


HAND FEED SUFFICIENT AMOUNTS (4l)

GOOD QUALITY (> 50 gr Ig G/l) SINGLE-SOURCE (= DAM)

UNCONTAMINATED FRESH COLOSTRUM

< 6H PP

200 gr

Thank you for your attention

colostrum management in belgian blue cattle · 2014-10-24 · • only once colostrum • 30 min...

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