colors of life 2011

Emmanuelle Barone - Colours of Life Project – STTARS – 2011/2012

COLOURS OF LIFE

ART THERAPY GROUP PROJECT

Emmanuelle Barone

2011/2012

start of project March 2012

PLANNING & DESIGN

September 2011


CONTENTS

PLANNING & DESIGN DOCUMENT Page

Glossary 4

Acronyms 7

Project Hypothesis - Assumptions 8

To introduce the project 9

Location and setting of the project 10

Project participants 10

Important cultural, social patterns 11

Resilience aspects 13

Transpersonal and Mindfulness 14

Project factors 15

Consultative process 15

Project evaluation 16

Aims and mission statement, goals 16

Time line, tasks and objectives 18

Curriculum and activities 18

Project design 20

Specified and anticipated outcomes 20


Management information systems 21

Biases 21

Stakeholders map 22

Budget 22

Conclusion 22

APPENDICES Page

No 1 Project factors 23

No 2 Time Line, Tasks an Objectives 26

No 3 Stakeholders map 27

No 4 Budget 28

REFERENCES 29


Glossary

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)

Is a behavioural therapy guiding people to calm the mind and stress while consciously getting

in touch with their lives and values through awareness. It teaches us skills to handle painful

thoughts and feelings, and gives us tools to clarify what is important and meaningful to us.

Developing Mindfulness is a major component of ACT (Harris 2009:2).

Appreciative Inquiry

Community assessment, research and development exercises involving community

participation and ownership. This is a change strategy and approach highlighting people’s

strengths and resources (Tesoriero, Barone & Umbers 2006:48-53).

Art Therapy

Arts forms are powerful and universal means of communication. Art therapy can help us

understand who we are, as creating from within, expressing feelings, ideas, events that words

cannot. The process of creating art work opens the door to the subconscious self-expression

through use of symbols, archetypes and interpretations (Fincher 2010; Malchiodi 2007). This

can help us process issues and traumas we are unable to articulate or identify. Art Therapy

can help grow and let go from previous traumas without having to re-experience the events.

Consultative Process

Consultation and discussion between individuals and within groups. Decision making process

between people toward change in order to accomplish some specific purpose. This involves

sharing and interaction of thoughts and feelings in a spirit of love and harmony (Kostoe

1985:9).

Culture

Set of values, norms, customs and habits related to a given group, Culture can be associated

with countries, states, regions, groups, organisations, companies and corporations.


Discourses

Set of ideas, concepts and practices. These modes of thinking relate to institutional

frameworks such as politics, religion, law, psychiatry, sociology and social work. Discourses

usually convey values and norms according to a society’s dominant beliefs. They preset ways

of thinking that can influence other ways of thinking. These features can create and/or

perpetuate, and/or change power structures imposed to specific groups in society.

Ethnocentrism

Judging another culture in terms of what is valued and ‘normal’ in one’s own culture. An

ethnocentric approach imposes one’s own culture as superior in comparison to other cultures.

Gender

The notion of gender refers to a socially constructed distinction between men and women in

terms of behaviours, societal en economic roles, and sexual identity in a particular society.

Gender is the social construction of masculinity and femininity and is influenced by

discourses.

Mindfulness

Is an awareness process about the present moment. It is paying attention to your life in the

present instant, leaving the mind aside, reducing stress and anxiety due to thoughts about the

future and the past (Harris 2009:8).

Participatory Rural Appraisal:

Community assessment, research and development techniques including drawings and

diagrams used in rural areas, illiterate and cross-cultural contexts (Tesoriero et al 2006:54).

Resilience

When used in psychology, resilience is an ability to cope and recover from stress, misfortune

and catastrophe. It is also used to indicate a characteristic of resistance to future negative

events.


Transpersonal Art Therapy

Use of Transpersonal psychology frameworks through Art Therapy. Both approaches have

similar thoughts exploring the sense of Self in a non-intrusive way, respecting the person as

the expert in her/his life. Both privilege the subconscious beyond the ego.

Transpersonal Psychology (Walsh & Vaughan 1993:2-4)

Born from Humanistic psychology, Transpersonal psychology is the psychological study of

experiences in which the sense of identity and sense of self extend beyond one’s perception

of her/his individuality and ego in a world of forms, to explore and encompass wider aspects

of humankind, life, psyche and soul.


Acronyms

ACT: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy

AI: Appreciative Inquiry

NGO: Non-governmental organisation

PRA: Participatory Rural Appraisal


Project Hypotheses – Assumptions

Being a refugee or asylum seeker almost always means one has experienced multiple losses,

family members, friends, safety and security, country of origin, cultural roots, a familiar

environment, a dream or idea of future, confusion of identity, and maybe loss of self.

For this project it is claimed that people from refugee and asylum seekers background are not

helpless and dependant victims of the circumstances but are the expert in their own life and

possess resilience through their strengths and capacities.

For this project it is assumed that people’s participation will be an essential factor towards

achieving goals and objectives. This implies principles of reciprocity from the project team,

the latter having to be flexible, adapting and listening to people’s needs and schedule, and

sometimes improvise, for the project to be delivered in the appropriate way.

It is assumed that the consultative process involved in the project will support participants in

their exploration of the self through art work making.

It is assumed that participants will take ownership of the project and toward their own

curriculum.

It is assumed that participants will feel safe, respected and listened to during all activities

involved in the project.

It is assumed that the PRA and AI methods used in the modules delivery will support sense of

respect and sharing of narrative.

It is assumed that it is important to value differences and use them as positive resources in a

consultative framework.

If we were able to support people with refugee and asylum seeker backgrounds to participate

to the project and share their skills and knowledge.

If we were able to support people on their journey of self-discovery through art making.

If we could achieve inclusive consultative work between the various stakeholders.

If we were able to implement the project within a transportable framework for further

development in other states and/or countries.


If we were able to assist the process of change for people from refugee and asylum seeker

backgrounds toward harmoniously developing their sense of self and identity in Australia,

notion of citizenship and belonging.

If we were able to open the doors and accompany people from refugee and asylum seeker

backgrounds on the path toward building bridges from the past to the future.

To introduce the project

Considering that

“most individuals who face adversity have more positive outcomes than one

might predict based on the risk factors in their lives” (Waller 2001:291),

the Colours Of Life project takes a strength-based approach, moving beyond a deficit-based

approach. This to highlight people’s resilience and life skills, empowering participants to

share stories and reinforce a sense of self and identity, involving the discovery of one’s

strengths towards improving families’ well being, safety and security, the remarkable

achievements of human beings in trying circumstances.

Through art work and privileging the subconscious, the project explores positive

manifestation of life in the face of great struggle, with humanity and human spirit.

Art can be said to be – and can be used as – the externalised map of our

interior self (London 1989).

The delivery process of the project is an exchange of culture and knowledge, acknowledging

that people are the experts in their own life while passing their stories on to their peers. Each

participant involved in the project acts as teacher and student, and the one most able to share

her/his knowledge with another group member.

Location and setting of the project

The project takes place at STTARS premises, on Hawker street in Bowden SA.


The project is free of charges for participants. Costs are covered by STTARS.

The location ensures a safe environment for all participants.

The room allocated for the activities is large and has windows providing light and sense of

space. The room is large enough to give enough space to 10 people working on art work

activities.

Refreshments are provided for each session, and lavatory facilities are on site and easy to

access.

Art material and mediums used are all safe and user friendly. All material and mediums are

provided by STTARS.

According to funding, participants might have the opportunity to visit art places and art

exhibitions as part of the project. Transportation might be provided in some cases.

Project is set through 1 session of 3 hours per week, during an average of 42 weeks.

Each session implies art theory, art work making, sharing experience or art work process,

discussion involving consultative work.

According to funding, visiting artists and tutors might be giving sessions on specific topics.

According to funding, discussion about participants being given the possibility to exhibit

their art works at STTARS premises and/or an Art Gallery if they wish to.

Project participants

The project is run in partnership by Siamak Fallah, Emmanuelle Barone and Matt Seabrook.

The maximum number of participants per session is 8 people, plus interpreters and

facilitators.

The project is open to all STTARS clients, survivors of Torture and Traumas, men and

women, from any background and religion.

To ensure safe environment, it will be clearly explained to every participant that STTARS

has no political and religious affiliation and if they want to participate to the project they will


be alongside people from different gender, backgrounds and religions. Participants will be

asked to sign information and consent forms highlighting the fact that the project sessions and

activities at STTARS or in visited places, are non-political and non-religious grounds in a

sense that it is a space where everyone is respected as a person and ensured a safe

environment.

Participants will be free to attend any session at any time and any day, as often as they want.

Participants are not bound to any commitment to the project and can leave at any time.

Participants own the art works they have created.

Important cultural and social patterns

Persecution and flight, asylum and resettlement, racialisation and alienation, all

woven into essentialist discourses of nationhood construct me as a refugee

(Kuwee Kumsa 2006:230).

To uphold a successful project which develops intervention that work best for specific groups

within a specific context and according to their culture, it is critical to fully understand the

contexts, problems, causes, and factors, as well as assessing and evaluating external cultural

influences which impact on people, and then on the whole project (Guerin 2005: 137-142;

Green & Kreuter 2005:282).

Cultural and social patterns have to be considered because of their strong influence on how

the project is understood, received, negotiated, delivered and accepted by the participants.

It is then essential for workers to understand these patterns and their influence and be

culturally competent in their practice; the person’s life experiences, stories, history and

environment make them unique (Barone 2007:60).

It is often difficult for people immersed in one interaction system to understand a radically

different system. Western workers can have specific expectations that are not part of the

social system in any clients’ groups and communities. Expectations on how people in

communities should react, be interested or motivated, be ‘grateful’ or ‘happy’.


Western discourses impose stereotypes and labels on people from refugee and asylum seeker

backgrounds and these impact on their lives in Australia.

Amongst people from refugee and asylum seeker background is the story of both

psychological and physical traumatisation through having suffered, endured or witnessed

extreme acts of horror/and/or cruelty (Kinzie 2007:194-195). Traumas are not merely from a

single stress or traumatic event but rather from a prolonged series of losses and traumatic

events (Kinzie 2007:197) that impact on the physical health and mental health.

The trauma response is complex and depends on various factors such as the type and duration

of trauma, the person’s personality, her/his coping assets, culture, supportive or non-

supportive environment. Trauma does not end when the person arrives in the host country but

take on different features through new difficulties such as economic problems, cultural

dissonances, discrimination, rejection, and ostracism (Kinzie 2007:197).

People with refugee and asylum seeker backgrounds in Australia face various levels of issues

and psychosocial stressors impacting on their life:

- Language barriers;

- High rate of unemployment;

- Reduced work opportunities in the community;

- Economic issues;

- Traumas;

- House overcrowding;

- High rate of health problems;

- High rate of mental distress;

- Isolation;

- Alcohol and drug misuse;

- Domestic violence;

- Various family situations listed in the definition of child abuse;


For the purpose of this project, workers’ use of reflecting practice is essential to avoid

ethnocentrism. Critical reflection supports workers in recognising and analysing socially

constructed barriers to client’s empowerment and to adapt their framework accordingly. The

consultative approach will be inherent part of the project for workers as well.

Resilience aspects

Patterns of resilience are important considering that, according to the theories of resilience,

people can build strengths through difficult experiences and challenges (Barone 2007:8).

Resilience and vulnerability are compatible characteristics. People are able to develop

strengths while being in an oppressed position (Edwards & Ribbens 1998:10; Freire 1972:25-

27). Resilience is associated with adaptation, evolution, and survival (Konner 2007:307) as

the art of life lies in a constant readjustment to our surroundings

(Okakura Kakuzo cited in Stokes 2002:81).

For the purpose of this project, some resilience patterns and factors have been identified

(Barone 2007:13-16):

- Survival in challenging environment;

- Necessity to survive to protect dependents;

- Ability to confront hardship - ability to cope with hardship;

- Ability to thrive, not just survive, after great difficulties;

- Enduring and overcoming traumatic events and great difficulties;

- Adaptation – Evolution;

- Transforming adversity and hardship into wisdom and compassion;

- Making meaning of suffering;

- Clear sense of reality - Acceptance of reality;

- Developing meaning in life - Strong values that life is meaningful;


- Strong problem solving skills - ability to grab opportunities and to improvise;

- Internal locus of control – self-reliance – determination;

- Risk taking – taking control of own life and destiny;

- Strong sense and meaning of self – Sense of self-worth;

- Building bridges from present day hardship to a better constructed future;

- Significant supportive person as role model or helping during hardship;

- Strong spirituality;

To support this approach, the Appreciative Inquiry method (AI) is a strength perspective tool

that supports people to discover and identify their own strengths and therefore ‘power’ in

their own life. The project activities will, at time, use the AI approach in the delivery,

focusing on - and highlighting participant’s strengths and resilience.

Transpersonal and Mindfulness

Throughout western discourses, economic and social expectations, messages given by the

media, it could be said that our mind has evolved to think negatively (Harris 2009:101).

Mindfulness is a tool of defusion from those negative thoughts that hassle us when telling us

what to feel, to think, to critic, to say, how to behave, what to remember and what to forget, if

we are good, if we are bad, ugly, pretty, happy or sad (Harris 2009:100). Transpersonal

approaches will tell us that our thoughts are constructed by what we perceive as our reality in

the world of forms through functions of the human brain. The mind is an entity as such, its

epistemology controlled by the ego, the materialistic “I”.

The mind does not shine by its own light.

It too is an object, illuminated by the Self...

But the Self is boundless.

It is the pure Consciousness that illumines the contents of the mind...


Egoism, the limiting sense of “I”, results from the individual intellect’s

attributing the power of conscious to itself.

(Patanjali cited in Walsh & Vaughan, 1993:14).

Transpersonal approaches aim to go beyond the ego, privileging the subconscious, reaching

the soul while exploring the psyche. The transpersonal aspect of the project will guide

participants into discovering their Self and Soul from their subconscious through the channel

of art making. They will explore possibilities and strengths they possess, opening the doors to

new perspectives and options in their lives. Ultimately, transpersonal approach in this project

aims toward healing and wholeness.

Mindfulness is the tool used to access the present time and therefore leaving room for the

subconscious to express through art work. The art making process is a mindfulness exercise

as such in a sense that the participant is focused on the process taking place at the present

time.

Project factors – Appendix 1 (Dwyer, Stanton & Thiessen 2004:20-21)

Predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors (Green & Kreuter 2005:12-17,147-149)

impact on people and project from the very beginning. It is important to identify the factors

impacting on the whole process. This working strategy can help to recognize and use the right

tools and methods with the right people at the right time and the right place. Knowing what

kind of intervention work best for specific group of people within specific contexts and

according to the culture (Green & Kreuter 2005:256) will support the project towards greater

success.

Consultative process

Consultative approach is powerful in strengthening existing supportive relationships. It

would be very beneficial to use the power of these relationships to support the project

delivery in group sessions. People do things for each other in a sense of cooperation,

exchange and respect.


The project team works in collaboration with participants in a consultative way, valuing

people’s knowledge, culture, resources, skills and processes (Ife 2002:211-215).

The project team will work on developing a sense of trust and safety along the whole project.

For consultative process it is essential for participants to feel free to ‘speak from the heart’.

Set of rules created by participants regarding principles and procedures amongst the group

will be clarified at the beginning of the project and in sessions with new participants. These

will address respect, trust, confidentiality, understanding of the project, expectations from

participants, purpose of the project toward self discovery, definition of art as being part of

each of us, concept of reality, how we acquire knowledge, the concept of several truths within

one reality.

Project evaluation

The evaluation is included in the planning phase (Dwyer et al 2004:171-173).

An ongoing project evaluation is seen as essential (Dwyer et al 2004:173-174). This will

reinforce the capacity for the project team to adapt to changes and needs which will develop

all along the project. This is important in terms of reciprocity and accountability.

The ongoing evaluation is made with traditional scientific methods of measurements such as

measuring achievements of tasks and objectives, numeric counts and standardized measures

(Kettner, Moroney & Martin 1999:129), as well as critical reflection and assessments of

issues and situations through group discussions, staff meetings, and developing relationships

with participants.

Feedback and evaluation report will be given quarterly to STTARS.

Aims and Mission statement, goals

Lifted by the principles of social justice (Ife 2002:205-207), the primary aim of the project is

to ascertain if this intervention contributes towards improving mental well being, sense of

self, hopes and dreams for the future for people from refugee and asylum seeker

backgrounds.


The mission involves special commitment to disadvantaged, marginalized and vulnerable

groups in communities.

Colours Of Life aims to give people the right to participate individually and collectively, and

to promote collaborative intervention with communities rather than imposing dogmatic

methods (Guerin 2005:137,142).

Education means empowerment, enlightenment, and raising consciousness…it

can lead to self-awareness and critical thinking about oppressive social

situations (Freire 1972:13).

Colour Of Life aims to support participants to:

- Developing one’s identity through the process of sharing and disseminating

information and knowledge to other group members and project team; i.e. “I define

who I am and want to share with others about me and my story”;

- Identifying one’s own strengths through learning about themselves and what they

achieve in their lives;

- Guiding participants along the exploration of their Self and Soul from their

subconscious;

- Empowering participants to achieve goals while they become helpers within the

project and assist each others’ development;

- Facilitating reconciliation with the past towards an hopeful future;

- Increasing self-worth through talking about themselves, personal experiences and

achievements;

- Increasing awareness and supporting commitment towards learning;

- Developing people’s mindfulness skills to reduce PTSD and anxiety;

- Developing technical and conceptual skills such as art skills, life skills, English skills;

- Focus on supported participation; people are the experts in their own lives;

- Enhancing communication between participants within their cultural group;

The project hopes creating changes within the communities towards capacity building,

community ownership to their problems and their solutions (Green & Kreuter 2005:310)

while supporting human rights, access, participation, acceptability, affordability (Ife


2002:213), strengthening a sense of being part of the Australian Community and ‘citizenship’

amongst people from refugee and asylum seeker backgrounds.

Time Line, Tasks an Objectives – Appendix 2

The time line, task and objectives list starts xxxxx 2011.. Each tasks and objectives are

monthly, or weekly, evaluated depending on their achievement and results. If necessary,

changes will be planned depending on, and adapted to, the ongoing evaluation.

Curriculum and activities

Various concepts, notions and strategies will be involved throughout the curriculum such as:

- Concepts of safe and unsafe;

- Concepts of happiness and unhappiness;

- Notions of personal identity;

- Building on past experiences for the future;


- Being a ‘Citizen’ in Australia;

- Being a world citizen;

- Learning about art;

- We are all artists in a sense that art making is everyday life and expression;

- Art as means for expression and communication;

- Learning about myself through art work;

- Relationships;

- Wellbeing and health;

- Nutrition for the body and for the soul;

- Trust and Networks;

- Strategies for being and keeping safe;

- Persistence;

- Resilience strategies;

- Problem solving strategies;

- Service providers;

- Rights and responsibilities;

- Empowerment through self discovery;

With the participants:

- Art sessions;

- Participatory Rural Appraisal activities;

- Appreciative Inquiry activities;

With partnership team:

- Monthly evaluation meetings;

- Monthly meetings to review and amend time line, tasks and objectives;

- Assessment and evaluation to be made by xxxxxxx after each PRA and AI activities;

- Consultation meetings with partner agencies members (if any);


Project Design

The inputs elements of the project are:

- The participants, people with refugee and asylum seeker backgrounds;

- The Artist Siamak Fallah;

- The workers from the funding organisation STTARS;

- The amount of funding available;

- The staff from partner agencies participating to the project (if any);

- The visits to art exhibitions or art places (if any);

- The locations for activities and workshops;

The throughputs elements of the project are:

- All activities such as art sessions, PRA and AI exercises, visits of specific art places

(if any);

- Analysing of data;

- Delivery of the different modules;

- Quarterly evaluation;

- Quarterly reports;

The outputs elements of the project are:

- The attendance of participants to art sessions and activities;

- The participation of people to PRA and AI activities;

- The participants taking part into the development of curriculum;

Specified and Anticipated Outcomes

The tasks given in the Time Line, appendix X, are specified outcomes.

In addition to them, and compared to status at the beginning of the project, anticipated long

term outcomes are:

- To have more people with refugee background …


- To help prevent …

- To improve …

- To improve people’s awareness about …

- To improve people’s awareness and commitments towards rights and responsibilities;

- To improve quality of life;

Management Information Systems

The data and information gathered will be stored by STTARS workers in a locked cabinet at

STTARS premises. STTARS workers running the project will be the only persons to have

access to this confidential information. A report including information and statistics will be

written and given when required.

Minutes or notes are taken for each team meeting.

Notes are taken, with authorisation and support of local participants, during each PRA and AI

activities, each workshop and program delivery session.

Notes and Minutes are taken in English language and will be translated into participants’

languages if required.

Evaluation report of the process, tasks and objectives, is discussed monthly.

Biases

Considering the cultural environment, the project team is aware of several biases such as:

- Expectation of the participants;

- Gender;

- Concept of art being only for ‘artists’ and not as every day life experience;

- Language barriers;

- Logistic for participants, transportation;

- Family commitments for participants;

- Difference of interpretations of realities;

- Values of participants;

- Specific needs and priorities for participants;


Stakeholders Map – Appendix x

It is essential to be able to work with key stakeholders and executive people in a way that

considers everyone’s agenda. Stakeholders involved in the project can change the direction of

the project through even small discussion, action or wishes (Dwyer et al 2004:31-33).

It is crucial to gain the support from people having significant position at political and

community level. Government’s representatives and Community Councils (if involved in

some phase of the project) are key stakeholders as well as the consumers who bring

contribution to the project. That is why it is important to manage expectations in the right

direction and at the right level, keeping them transparent, realistic and achievable, as people

can get disillusioned and then loose motivation and commitment to the project.

Budget – Appendix x

Conclusion

Changes and restructuring of the initial project may occur, as well as addition of new

concepts and programs, as this belongs to the very core of this project, to evolve and grow

according to the participants’ needs and development.

This project is a pilot project that can be transportable at national and international levels.

Bringing together Transpersonal Art Therapy (as Transpersonal psychology and Art therapy)

with AI, Mindfulness, ACT, Consultative process and Art teaching is a new blend in working

with people from refugee and asylum seeker backgrounds.

STTARS employees are committed to deliver the project according to the Code of Ethics and

the Code of Conduct, within STTARS vision and mission, envisaging a world in which

human rights are respected and violations are never tolerated, enabling survivors of torture

and trauma to lead secure, productive and fulfilling lives.


Appendix 1

Projects factors

Following Green & Kreuter (2005:12-17) strategies, important factors to consider and

involve in the frame of the Colours Of Life Project are:

Predisposing factors:

- People’s knowledge

- People’s art skills

- Attitudes

- Motivation

- Beliefs

- Values

- Perceptions

- Culture

- Confidence

- Capacity

- Education

- Resilience

Reinforcing factors:

- Attitudes and behaviours about art

- Attitudes and behaviours of participants

- Cultural environment

- Structure of relationship

- Social system and norms

- Clients demand


Enabling factors:

- Availability of financial resources, local and external funding

- Availability of social capital

- Commitment, participants’ and team’s commitment

- Accessibility

- Referrals

- Rules and laws

- Skills, participants’ and team’s skills

- Political context and policies

- Participants’ expertise

- Workers’ expertise

- Consultative work structures

Internal project factors:

- Organisation commitment

- Managing stakeholders

- Decision-making structures

- Consultative structures

- Plan and design

- Realistic goals

- Defining appropriate strategies

- Sustainable outcomes

- Managing resources, human resources and funding

- Leadership skills

- Managing changes

- Adaptability

- Cross-cultural intervention

- Ethno sensitive intervention


External project factors (which are interrelated to cultural patterns):

- Economical factor

- Inaccessibility to resources (geographical and economical factor)

- Social factors within the communities

- Traumas and mental distress, mental illness

- Violence and abuse

- Alcohol and drug misuse

- Families hierarchy

- Political factors within and outside the communities

- Individual factors

- Biological factors

- Peers’ pressure

- People’s conditions of living

- People’s fear of unknown

- People’s values

- People’s health beliefs

- People’s expectations

- People’s wishes and dreams

- People’s attitude toward change


Appendix 2

Timeline schedule are re-evaluated quarterly

Tasks


Appendix 3

Stakeholders Map

Stakeholders Important

To be aware of / to consider


Appendix 4

Budget


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