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COLORADO MINING: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE? Stuart A. Sanderson, President

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Page 1: COLORADO MINING: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE? … · in homes and businesses ... niu m Tel lur ium Van adi um REE Alu min a Ma ng ane se Gal ium PG M Co ba lt Zin c Silv er Lith ium Bro

COLORADO MINING: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE? 

Stuart A. Sanderson, President

Page 2: COLORADO MINING: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE? … · in homes and businesses ... niu m Tel lur ium Van adi um REE Alu min a Ma ng ane se Gal ium PG M Co ba lt Zin c Silv er Lith ium Bro

Founded in 1876 – Year Colorado became the Centennial state 900 Members representing mineral resource industry in Colorado and the west Spokesman for the industry before the legislature, agencies, Congress, and the courts

Page 3: COLORADO MINING: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE? … · in homes and businesses ... niu m Tel lur ium Van adi um REE Alu min a Ma ng ane se Gal ium PG M Co ba lt Zin c Silv er Lith ium Bro

Mining: Colorado’s First Industry

Page 4: COLORADO MINING: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE? … · in homes and businesses ... niu m Tel lur ium Van adi um REE Alu min a Ma ng ane se Gal ium PG M Co ba lt Zin c Silv er Lith ium Bro

Overview Mining in Colorado 

•  Direct Sales ­ $3 Billion •  Employment – 5,685 Direct employees and 12,427 more in related industries – Department of Labor 

•  National Mining Association study puts employment at over 34,000 

•  Mining Average wages and benefits ­ $71,000 

•  Coal Wages/Benefits ­ $100,000 annually

Page 5: COLORADO MINING: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE? … · in homes and businesses ... niu m Tel lur ium Van adi um REE Alu min a Ma ng ane se Gal ium PG M Co ba lt Zin c Silv er Lith ium Bro

HENDERSON MINE – WORLD’S LARGEST MOLYBDENUM MINE

Page 6: COLORADO MINING: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE? … · in homes and businesses ... niu m Tel lur ium Van adi um REE Alu min a Ma ng ane se Gal ium PG M Co ba lt Zin c Silv er Lith ium Bro

Henderson – A View from Underground

Page 7: COLORADO MINING: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE? … · in homes and businesses ... niu m Tel lur ium Van adi um REE Alu min a Ma ng ane se Gal ium PG M Co ba lt Zin c Silv er Lith ium Bro

Molybdenum Molybdenum •  Added to stainless and alloy steels for anticorrosive and strength qualities 

•  It is used in many of the products used in households and industry: – Automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, industrial, lab, and hospital equipment and parts 

– Toothpaste, WD­40, light bulbs, cooking utensils, paint, and so much more. 

Mined in Colorado! 

Mining Matters… when you drive a vehicle.

Page 8: COLORADO MINING: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE? … · in homes and businesses ... niu m Tel lur ium Van adi um REE Alu min a Ma ng ane se Gal ium PG M Co ba lt Zin c Silv er Lith ium Bro

Molybdenum Uses – Environmental and Safety 

–Chemical Grade • Environmental ­ Removing sulfur from petroleum • Safety ­ Smoke retardant for plastics and fibers • Safety ­ Carbon Monoxide Detectors • Safety – Air Safety Bags

Page 9: COLORADO MINING: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE? … · in homes and businesses ... niu m Tel lur ium Van adi um REE Alu min a Ma ng ane se Gal ium PG M Co ba lt Zin c Silv er Lith ium Bro

….and more 

• Lubricant Grade –Additive to greases and oils –Dry Lubricants 

• Metallurgical Grade –Steel Alloying –Stainless Steel –High­Mo Corrosion resistant steels

Page 10: COLORADO MINING: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE? … · in homes and businesses ... niu m Tel lur ium Van adi um REE Alu min a Ma ng ane se Gal ium PG M Co ba lt Zin c Silv er Lith ium Bro

including… –Pure Molybdenum metal 

– Light bulbs – Computer Heat Sinks – Piston Rings – Anodes for Glass Making

Page 11: COLORADO MINING: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE? … · in homes and businesses ... niu m Tel lur ium Van adi um REE Alu min a Ma ng ane se Gal ium PG M Co ba lt Zin c Silv er Lith ium Bro

Cripple Creek & Victor Gold Mine

Page 12: COLORADO MINING: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE? … · in homes and businesses ... niu m Tel lur ium Van adi um REE Alu min a Ma ng ane se Gal ium PG M Co ba lt Zin c Silv er Lith ium Bro

AUGUST 2007 – OVER 3 MILLION OUNCES PRODUCED

Page 13: COLORADO MINING: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE? … · in homes and businesses ... niu m Tel lur ium Van adi um REE Alu min a Ma ng ane se Gal ium PG M Co ba lt Zin c Silv er Lith ium Bro

What $10 Million in Gold Looks Like

Page 14: COLORADO MINING: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE? … · in homes and businesses ... niu m Tel lur ium Van adi um REE Alu min a Ma ng ane se Gal ium PG M Co ba lt Zin c Silv er Lith ium Bro

Gold Gold •  Used in a variety of products and industries including: – Currency and Jewelry – Medicine and dentistry – Scientific research – Computers and satellites – Cell phones, MP3 players, and automobile airbag control panels 

Mined in Colorado! Mining Matters… when you work on a computer.

Page 15: COLORADO MINING: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE? … · in homes and businesses ... niu m Tel lur ium Van adi um REE Alu min a Ma ng ane se Gal ium PG M Co ba lt Zin c Silv er Lith ium Bro

Nahcolite ­ Solution Mining •  Colorado is home to pure 

sodium bicarbonate reserves in the U. S. 

•  Common household uses – baking soda, toothpaste, food and animal nutrition industries 

•  Industrial applications to protect the environment – water treatment plants and flue gas desulphurization at coal fired power plants – removing sulfur from coal

Page 16: COLORADO MINING: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE? … · in homes and businesses ... niu m Tel lur ium Van adi um REE Alu min a Ma ng ane se Gal ium PG M Co ba lt Zin c Silv er Lith ium Bro

Gypsum 

•  Wallboard construction materials in homes and businesses 

•  American Gypsum mine is located in western Colorado between Avon and Glenwood Springs

Page 17: COLORADO MINING: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE? … · in homes and businesses ... niu m Tel lur ium Van adi um REE Alu min a Ma ng ane se Gal ium PG M Co ba lt Zin c Silv er Lith ium Bro

Gypsum Gypsum •  Primarily used in wallboard and plaster products 

•  Also used to make Portland cement 

•  Used in small amounts in agricultural applications 

•  Pure gypsum is used in glass­ making 

Mined in Colorado! Mining Matters… when you build a house.

Page 18: COLORADO MINING: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE? … · in homes and businesses ... niu m Tel lur ium Van adi um REE Alu min a Ma ng ane se Gal ium PG M Co ba lt Zin c Silv er Lith ium Bro

COLORADO COAL ­ $1 BILLION DIRECT SALES 

Total Employees 2,400 Ave. Pay & Benefits $100,400 

Payroll/Taxes Royalties $329 MILLION 

ROYALTIES FUND PUBLIC EDUCATION 

Source:  Colorado Mining Association:  2006 Coal Production & Employment

Page 19: COLORADO MINING: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE? … · in homes and businesses ... niu m Tel lur ium Van adi um REE Alu min a Ma ng ane se Gal ium PG M Co ba lt Zin c Silv er Lith ium Bro

Starting with Coal ­ Affordable Energy from Coal Mine Draglines

Page 20: COLORADO MINING: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE? … · in homes and businesses ... niu m Tel lur ium Van adi um REE Alu min a Ma ng ane se Gal ium PG M Co ba lt Zin c Silv er Lith ium Bro

Helps Light Colorado Skylines

Page 21: COLORADO MINING: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE? … · in homes and businesses ... niu m Tel lur ium Van adi um REE Alu min a Ma ng ane se Gal ium PG M Co ba lt Zin c Silv er Lith ium Bro

Colorado Coal 

•  Colorado’s demonstrated coal reserves 17 billion tons – 8 th  largest 

•  Colorado’s  2008 production 33 million tons – 8th largest, 4 th among underground coal producing states 

•  Underground mines account for 66% of production

Page 22: COLORADO MINING: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE? … · in homes and businesses ... niu m Tel lur ium Van adi um REE Alu min a Ma ng ane se Gal ium PG M Co ba lt Zin c Silv er Lith ium Bro

Coal and Affordable Energy Go Hand in Hand 

•  Coal accounts for 72% of Colorado’s electricity •  According to Xcel Energy recent statement, “coal fired generation reliably meets our customer’s constant need for electricity and plays a significant role in keeping electricity prices low” 

•  Colorado coal is clean, low in sulfur and high BTU, deemed super compliance under Energy Act

Page 23: COLORADO MINING: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE? … · in homes and businesses ... niu m Tel lur ium Van adi um REE Alu min a Ma ng ane se Gal ium PG M Co ba lt Zin c Silv er Lith ium Bro

Colorado Leads the Way in Mining, Reclamation and Wildlife Protection 

•  Reclaimed Lands at Trapper Mine in NW Colorado

Page 24: COLORADO MINING: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE? … · in homes and businesses ... niu m Tel lur ium Van adi um REE Alu min a Ma ng ane se Gal ium PG M Co ba lt Zin c Silv er Lith ium Bro

Coal Mine Safety and Production Trends 

50 

100 

150 

200 

250 

1970  1975  1980  1985  1990  1995  2000  2001  2002  2003  2004 

Fatalities 

200 

400 

600 

800 

1000 

1200 

Productio

Fatalities  US Production (million st) 

Production 

Fatalities

Page 25: COLORADO MINING: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE? … · in homes and businesses ... niu m Tel lur ium Van adi um REE Alu min a Ma ng ane se Gal ium PG M Co ba lt Zin c Silv er Lith ium Bro

Why Coal? 27% of the World’s Coal is in Why Coal? 27% of the World’s Coal is in the United States the United States – – Coal is our most Coal is our most 

abundant energy fuel abundant energy fuel

Page 26: COLORADO MINING: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE? … · in homes and businesses ... niu m Tel lur ium Van adi um REE Alu min a Ma ng ane se Gal ium PG M Co ba lt Zin c Silv er Lith ium Bro

Source: Energy Information Administration, March 2006. 

8.8¢ 28% 

6.8¢ 65% 

5.9¢ 95% 

5.7¢ 10% 

5.8¢ 67% 

5.1¢ 96% 

7.6¢ 72% 

6.2¢ 7% 

6.6¢ 75% 

7.6¢ 89% 

8.9¢ 46% 

11.3¢ 1% 

6.0¢ 96% 

6.6¢ 46% 

9.1¢ 38% 

6.7¢ 78% 

6.7¢ 63% 

6.9¢ 53% 

6.1¢ 85% 

7.0¢ 48% 

7.8¢ 39% 

7.4¢ 70% 

6.3¢ 49% 

8.1¢ 25% 

7.5¢ 58% 

5.9¢ 94% 

7.1¢ 87% 

9.5¢ 2% 

7.6¢ 37% 

6.5¢ 57% 

7.5¢ 65% 

6.8¢ 39% 

4.9¢   91% 

6.6¢ 45% 

8.3¢ 56% 

5.2¢ 98% 

7.3¢ 61% 

6.3¢  61% 

5.1¢ 1% 

11.6¢ 10% 

18.3¢ 14% 

NH  12.6¢  17% VT  11.1¢  0% MA    12.2¢  25% RI  11.9¢  0% CT  12.0¢  12% NJ  11.1¢  19% DE  7.6¢  60% MD  7.8¢  56% 

¢ = average retail price per kilowatt hour for CY 2005 

% = percent of total generation from coal for CY 2005 

Retail Cost Per kWh & Percent of Coal Generation Retail Cost Per kWh & Percent of Coal Generation 

< 6.0¢ > 6.0¢ ­ 7.0¢ > 7.0¢ ­ 8.5¢ > 8.5¢ Hydro 

13.2¢ 14% 

Coal is Affordable – Consumers in States Who Use More Coal Pay Lower Rates

Page 27: COLORADO MINING: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE? … · in homes and businesses ... niu m Tel lur ium Van adi um REE Alu min a Ma ng ane se Gal ium PG M Co ba lt Zin c Silv er Lith ium Bro

Source:  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, IEA Annual Energy Outlook 2005. 

U.S. coal used for electricity has tripled since 1970 while U.S. coal used for electricity has tripled since 1970 while emissions have been significantly improved emissions have been significantly improved 

Coal Use Grows While the Environment Improves

Page 28: COLORADO MINING: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE? … · in homes and businesses ... niu m Tel lur ium Van adi um REE Alu min a Ma ng ane se Gal ium PG M Co ba lt Zin c Silv er Lith ium Bro

10 

12 

14 

16 

1949  1959  1969  1979  1989  1999  2009  2019  2029 

Million Barrels / Day 

Production 

Imports 

Peak, 1970 

Alaska 

EIA Forecast 

D e p e n d e n c e 

Our Growing Dependence on Foreign Oil Creates Long­Term 

Unacceptable Risks

Page 29: COLORADO MINING: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE? … · in homes and businesses ... niu m Tel lur ium Van adi um REE Alu min a Ma ng ane se Gal ium PG M Co ba lt Zin c Silv er Lith ium Bro

CTL and CTG Technologies Mean a Broader Use for Coal 

STEEL  ELECTRICITY 

INDUSTRIAL GAS 

PIPELINE SNG 

SPECIALTY CHEMICALS 

ETHANOL 

DIESEL 

JET FUEL HYDROGEN 

•  China developing 27 new CTL plants 

•  Successful B­52 test flight using Fischer­ Tropsch fuels 

•  Air Force sees half of Defense needs from CTL by 2020 

•  U.S. Congress considers bills for offtake agreements and incentives

Page 30: COLORADO MINING: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE? … · in homes and businesses ... niu m Tel lur ium Van adi um REE Alu min a Ma ng ane se Gal ium PG M Co ba lt Zin c Silv er Lith ium Bro

Uranium – Who Needs It? Answer – We do 

•  Nuclear energy accounts for nearly 20% of U. S. electricity, second only to coal 

•  Nuclear reactors produce emission free electricity 

•  Nuclear reactors and uranium mining operations are subject to strict regulation 

•  Uranium – essential in nuclear medicine  0 

10 

15 

20 

25 

30 

35 

40 

45 

50 

55 

Gas Nuclear Coal 

49.7% 

19.3%

Page 31: COLORADO MINING: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE? … · in homes and businesses ... niu m Tel lur ium Van adi um REE Alu min a Ma ng ane se Gal ium PG M Co ba lt Zin c Silv er Lith ium Bro

The world’s existing 435 nuclear reactors currently need 180 million pounds of uranium each year.

20 

40 

60 

80 

100 

120 

140 

160 

180 

Million Pounds 

Needed  Produced

80 million pound gap

Page 32: COLORADO MINING: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE? … · in homes and businesses ... niu m Tel lur ium Van adi um REE Alu min a Ma ng ane se Gal ium PG M Co ba lt Zin c Silv er Lith ium Bro

The United States generates as much nuclear energy as France, Germany, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom combined! The U. S. consumes over 51 million pounds annually, but produces only 3 million pounds

And demand will only increase.

Page 33: COLORADO MINING: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE? … · in homes and businesses ... niu m Tel lur ium Van adi um REE Alu min a Ma ng ane se Gal ium PG M Co ba lt Zin c Silv er Lith ium Bro

Centennial Project Location Map 

Slides Courtesy of PowerTech USA

Page 34: COLORADO MINING: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE? … · in homes and businesses ... niu m Tel lur ium Van adi um REE Alu min a Ma ng ane se Gal ium PG M Co ba lt Zin c Silv er Lith ium Bro

Challenges to Mining •  Increasing public knowledge of mining – CMA Outreach Program 

•  Avoiding preemptive bans on mining ­ Local and statewide efforts to ban heap/vat leach mining for gold and in situ/surface mining for uranium 

•  Climate Change – how to cut carbon without economic catastrophe 

•  Limitations on coal use ­ PUC has already ordered the closure of two power stations

Page 35: COLORADO MINING: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE? … · in homes and businesses ... niu m Tel lur ium Van adi um REE Alu min a Ma ng ane se Gal ium PG M Co ba lt Zin c Silv er Lith ium Bro

Source: PIRA. 

Worldwide CO 2 Trends China has Overtaken the U.S. as the Largest CO China has Overtaken the U.S. as the Largest CO 2 2 Emitter Emitter 

in 2007 and Will Equal the U.S. Plus EU15 by 2020 in 2007 and Will Equal the U.S. Plus EU15 by 2020 Colorado’s contribution Colorado’s contribution – – 1.7% of U. S. total 1.7% of U. S. total

Page 36: COLORADO MINING: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE? … · in homes and businesses ... niu m Tel lur ium Van adi um REE Alu min a Ma ng ane se Gal ium PG M Co ba lt Zin c Silv er Lith ium Bro

Our Concerns •  Recent Holy Cross Energy study – A 20% emissions reduction in greenhouse gases, means that Colorado’s coal use would need to fall from the current 70% level to only 30% of the power supply in little more than a decade. 

•  This would be the largest, and most costly, change in the history of the Colorado electric industry. 

•  Impact would fall hard on Colorado and especially hard on low income consumers, as the inability to pay utility bills, according to Energy Outreach Colorado, is one of the principal causes of homelessness 

•  Impacts on Colorado coal production

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New Energy Economy – Relies on Minerals ­ Solar Power 

Reflector material is Aluminum or Silver 

Wind Towers and turbines need copper, molybdenum, and others

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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

100

Indium

Selenium

Telluriu

m

Vanadium

REE

Alumina

Mangane

se

Gallium

PGM

Cobalt

Zin

c Silve

r

Lithiu

m

Bromine

Coppe

r

Commodity 

% Im

port 

?  ? 

New Energy Economy – Import Dependency

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RAISING PUBLIC AWARENESS CMA’S WEBSITE

Page 40: COLORADO MINING: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE? … · in homes and businesses ... niu m Tel lur ium Van adi um REE Alu min a Ma ng ane se Gal ium PG M Co ba lt Zin c Silv er Lith ium Bro

COMMUNITY PROJECTS 

•  Taste of Colorado, NSTA Convention, Presentations to communities across Colorado

Page 41: COLORADO MINING: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE? … · in homes and businesses ... niu m Tel lur ium Van adi um REE Alu min a Ma ng ane se Gal ium PG M Co ba lt Zin c Silv er Lith ium Bro

ROCKS ON YOUR FACE 

•  CMA has developed a visual display of minerals and how they are in products used in your everyday life

Page 42: COLORADO MINING: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE? … · in homes and businesses ... niu m Tel lur ium Van adi um REE Alu min a Ma ng ane se Gal ium PG M Co ba lt Zin c Silv er Lith ium Bro
Page 43: COLORADO MINING: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE? … · in homes and businesses ... niu m Tel lur ium Van adi um REE Alu min a Ma ng ane se Gal ium PG M Co ba lt Zin c Silv er Lith ium Bro

COLORADO MINING: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE? 

Stuart A. Sanderson, President www.coloradomining.org