Colonization

John Cabot From England Claimed the east coast of North

America for England

Queen Elizabeth

Ascended throne in 1558 In later days of her reign, she wanted

to expand the English Empire by putting colonies in the North American region that her country owned.

Started the English Colonization process in North America

Henry and his Wives Catherine of Aragon Anne Boleyn

Jane Seymour

Anne of Cleves Catherine Howard Katherine Parr

What’s Happening? Religious disagreements Start to become Protestant under

Henry VIII Church of England Some wanted to return to Roman

Catholic(Catholics); some wanted to simply purify the Anglican church of all Roman Catholic influence (Puritans)

Two Types of Puritans Stay and Purify Church Separatists – Separate completely

from the church English government enraged by

Separatists Life will be difficult for them. We will

meet them again later…

Reasons to come to the New World

Gold and Silver Free land Religious Freedom Could come as an indentured servant

Definitions Indentured Servant – person who would

work for a period of time (often 7 years) in exchange for passage to the New World.

Joint Stock Companies – businessmen who put small amounts of money together to establish a colony, hoping to gain profits if it were successful. Examples– London Company and Massachusetts Bay Company

More Definitions Charter – official document granting

right to settle and trade Colony – settlement made by parent

company (or country) Burgess –lawmaking body Plantation –large farm worked by

many laborers, often slaves.

Early Failures Sir Humphrey Gilbert – 1583 Given permission to set up a colony,

but it failed and he died on way back to England

Sir Walter Raleigh – 1585 First attempt – took 800 men only.

Men got homesick so they went back

The Lost Colony of Roanoke Sir Walter Raleigh Chose leader named John White. White took wife, pregnant daughter

and his son-in-law. Arrived on Roanoke island Virginia Dare born – first English baby

born in America Not enough supplies

What happened? White goes back to England to get

supplies Trapped in England by war with Spain

(for three years) When he returned three years later

he found everyone gone. Only clue was words CROATOAN

carved on a tree. Lost forever…

SUCCESS!! Jamestown – 1607 Established by the London Company

(Joint Stock Company) Wanted to find gold Set up on James River – bad location

– swampy and bad water Weathly men thought they were “too

good” to work. Wanted to find GOLD.

Disaster Averted John Smith took over leadership Made friends with Native Americans

through a friendship with Pocahontas He told them how to keep water

fresh and clean Rule – “No work, no food” John Smith got hurt and left New Leader – John Rolfe (married

Pocahontas)

Tobacco Rolfe introduced Tobacco into the

colony. FIRST CROP! It became a cash crop (crop that can be sold)

Women arrived from England so families could be started.

To help in tobacco the first African slaves were brought into the colony.

Jamestown eventually becomes known as the Virginia colony

Jamestown

Plymouth Colony Pilgrim- person who goes on a

religious journey This is a pilgrim colony. In 1607, these people left England for

Holland. After a few years, they realized their children were forgetting English ways.

Decided to go to America to establish a colony to have religious freedom

New Worlds These pilgrims set sail on the ship,

the Mayflower Created a set of laws to live by (the

Mayflower Compact) This compact was the first self-

government in the colonies

Harsh Life First winter hard – half the colonists died At spring, an Indian named Squanto came

out of the woods. He spoke English. Taught the English how to grow corn and

make friends with the local native Americans

When the crops came in, the Pilgrims invited the Native Americans over for a celebration – our first Thanksgiving

This colony became a part of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

Massachusetts Bay Colony 1630 This colony was started by Puritans

(they also were looking for religious freedom)

Very strict Said they were founding a “city on a

hill” Their religion became the basic

religion of New England (Puritanism)

Rhode Island Roger Williams thrown out for

disagreeing with the Puritan ministers. Williams believed the colony’s charter was invalid; he urged them to be better friends to Native Americans

Anne Hutchison

Rhode Island

Pennsylvania Founded by William Penn Established by a religious group

called Quakers Quakers are pacifists – do NOT

believe in fighting

Quakers and Pennsylvania

Maryland Established as a safe place for

Catholics Lord Baltimore (Cecil Calvert)

founded this colony. He was the proprietor.

Like Rhode Island and Pennsylvania, this colony allowed religious freedom

BUT THEY put it in to a law – the Act of Toleration (VERY IMPORTANT!!)

Maryland

Georgia - 1732 Debtor’s Prison James Oglethorpe – social reformer

(someone who wants to improve society) asked King George if he could empty debtor’s prison and take them to America to establish colony.

Georgia served as buffer colony against the Spanish in Florida

Last colony established

Georgia

Other colonies Connecticut New Hampshire New York Delaware New Jersey North Carolina South Carolina

New Jersey

North Carolina

Map of Colonies

Poster Project Create a poster designed to get your

colony noticed… Include founders name and any

founding information Presentation COUNTS!