colonies in america. new england colonies colonies: omassachusetts onew hampshire oconnecticut...
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Colonies in America
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New England ColoniesColonies:o Massachusettso New Hampshireo Connecticuto Rhode Island
Economy:o Fur Tradingo Fishingo Lumber Industryo Farming
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Rhode Island- Founded by Roger Williams
- Land peaceably acquired from Indians
- Based on religious freedoms that Williams promoted
- Church and the government are separate
- Puritan Opinion: “That sewer in which the Lord’s debris had collected and rotted”
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Connecticut- Founded by Thomas Hooker
- Settled by Dutch and English
- Wanted more religious freedom than Massachusetts allowed
- Disliked the requirement of citizens to be church members
-Fundamental Orders
First constitution in the nation
Allowed area to be controlled by the citizens
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New Hampshire- Founded by Puritan
communities
- Settled in little towns independent of each other
- Led to constant discord within the colony
- Famous for raising of flax and manufacturing linen goods
- Becomes royal colony
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New England Unity: By Choice
- New England Confederation
- 1643
- Participants: 2 Massachusetts Colonies and 2 Connecticut Colonies (All Puritan)
- Purpose: Defend against foes and to deal with internal issues
- Organization: Each colony got two votes regardless of population
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New England Unity: By Force
- Dominion of New England
- 1686
- Purpose: To enforce the Navigation Acts
- Actions: Got rid of town meetings and put heavy restrictions on all areas of life
- Ended when King was overthrown in England
- People of Boston overthrew the Dominion
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Middle ColoniesColonies:o New Yorko New Jerseyo Delawareo Pennsylvania
Economy:o Fur Trading o Lumber Industryo Shipbuilding o “Bread Colonies”
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New Netherland(New York)
- Founded by Henry Hudson
-Englishman sailing for the
Dutch
-Explored the Hudson R. and
Hudson Bay areas
-Dutch found colony at New
Amsterdam (New York City)
-Lots of different immigrants
-Religious freedom
- Very aristocratic population- Purpose of Colony:
- Profit from fur trade- Best Deal:
- Purchase of Manhattan Island
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New York
- Problems:- Directors incompetent- Massive attacks from
Indians (“Wall Street”)- Attacked by British
colonists
-English take colony in 1664
-Renamed New York
-Part of the region divided into the colony of New Jersey
- Dutch influence still evident in America
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Pennsylvania- Founded by William Penn
-Quakers (Society of Friends)
- Religious group who
practiced worship without
ministers and were
pacifists
- Refused to support Church
of England
- No Oaths
- Faced much persecution in
England
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Pennsylvania- Best advertised colony in
America
- Gave large land grants
-Philadelphia
“City of Brotherly Love”
-Fair treatment of Indians
Used as babysitters
-Thriving colony
Freedom of Worship
Representative Assembly
No military defense
Disliked slavery
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Delaware• Settled by the Swedish on
property that supposedly belonged to New Netherland
• Dutch lead military expedition in 1655 and take over colony
• Absorbed into New Netherland
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New Jersey- Part of New York at first
- Colony had religious liberty
- Divisions between Puritans and Quakers (East and West Jersey)
- Mostly settled by English
- Farming towns
- Escaped troubles because guarded on both sides by New York and Pennsylvania
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Southern Colonies
Colonies:o Marylando South Carolinao North Carolinao Virginiao Georgia
Economy:o Farming
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Maryland- George Calvert
Lord Baltimore: Founder of Colony
- Established as safe haven for English Catholics
- Catholics soon outnumbered by backcountry planters growing tobacco
- Toleration Act guaranteed religious freedom (for all Christians)
- Death penalty for all who denied divinity of Jesus
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Carolina (South Carolina)
-Royal colony named after King
Charles
- Founded by the Lords Proprietors
- Stretched from Atlantic to Pacific
- Goal: Grow food to sale to Caribbean
-Charles Town became major port city
- Main Crop: Rice
- Aristocratic population
-Large slave populations
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Carolina (South Carolina)
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Carolina (North Carolina)
North Carolina created as refuge
for the poor and dissenters
- Mainly came from Virginia
Small tobacco farms with little
need for slaves
Remained thinly populated until
mid 1700’s
“A vale of humility between twomountains of conceit”
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Georgia-Georgia
Founded by James Olgethorpe
Haven for debtors
Buffer from Spanish areas
Determined to keep slavery out of colony
Tolerated all Protestants
Last of 13 colonies to be founded in New World
Least populated by end of 1700s
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Colonial System-Mercantilism
system of nations increasing their wealth and power through trade with colonies
-English wanted a favorable balance of trade which meant they sold more than they imported from colonies
-Social System
widely available prosperity
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English Control - Colonies were very
successful traders
- Lumber, furs, fish, grain, tobacco sent to Europe
- Large quantities of finished goods bought
- Parliament passes the Navigation Acts
Restricted how colonists could do business
Colonies could only trade with Britain
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Seeds of Independence
- Glorious Revolution in England, 1688
-Parliament becomes the dominant force in English government
- Salutary Neglect
very loose supervision of the colonies
- Lack of control led to self government
religious, political, economic, and social freedoms
John Peter Zenger Trial
- Established freedom of the
press