colonial america spanishfrenchenglishdutch. why did european countries explore? land=empire=power...
TRANSCRIPT
Colonial Colonial AmericaAmerica
SpanishSpanish
FrenchFrench
EnglishEnglish
DutchDutch
WHY DID EUROPEAN WHY DID EUROPEAN COUNTRIES EXPLORE?COUNTRIES EXPLORE?
• Land=Empire=Power• Gold=Money=Power• New markets and
materials=Money=Power• Political, Economical
WHY DID PEOPLE WANT TO WHY DID PEOPLE WANT TO EXPLORE?EXPLORE?
• Gold-they could get rich• Glory-they would become famous• Religion-they wanted to spread their
beliefs (Protestant vs. Catholic)• Spices-they wanted their food to
taste better
Exploration, Exploration, Discovery and Discovery and
SettlementSettlement1492-17001492-1700
North American CulturesNorth American Cultures• Population: Estimated 10 million
Native Americans• Small Settlements: 300 people• Men: hunt, fished, made tools• Women: Grow crops• Others were Nomadic: Great Plains
North American CulturesNorth American Cultures• Few large Societies• Pueblos: Southwest• Mississippian: Mississippi River• Iroquois: Great Lakes
European and Native European and Native American interactionsAmerican interactions
• Hippocampus: Video Exchanges
Spanish Empire Spanish Empire
SPAINSPAIN• First country to explore• Conquered the Aztecs, Mayas, and Incas• Interested in Raw Materials and Missionary
Work• Settled in Mexico, Central and South
America• Explored North America• First permanent settlement-St. Augustine,
FL (1565)
Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus
The French Empire The French Empire
Jacques CartierJacques Cartier
Saint Lawrence River Saint Lawrence River
FranceFrance• Settled in Canada: St Lawrence River• Interested in the Fur Trade• Samuel De Champlain: Quebec• Joliet and Marquette:Mississippi River
The Fur Trade The Fur Trade • Clothing made from deer, beaver and other animals
became fashionable in the 1600’s • Problem: Animals were hunted until near extinction.• Solution: New France. Great Lakes and Mississippi Valley.
HUGE SUPPLY • Fur Trade determined the shape of New France.
Dutch EmpireDutch Empire
Dutch EmpireDutch Empire• Henry Hudson: Explored Hudson
River New York.
British Empire: The sun never British Empire: The sun never sets on the British Empire sets on the British Empire
British Empire in North America British Empire in North America
ENGLANDENGLAND• Explored only in North America• Interested in settlement• After defeat of the Spanish Armada-
become most powerful country in Europe
Why North AmericaWhy North America• 1. Base to attack Spanish ships. Gold • 2. New Markets: Economy was depressed• 3. England was becoming too crowded. • 4. Find a Northwest Passage to Asia
English ColoniesEnglish Colonies• Roanoke: The Lost Colony• Jamestown: Virginia • Puritan Colonies: • 1.Plymouth Colonies: Pilgrims • 2.Massachusetts Bay Colony:
Puritans
How did the spread of English How did the spread of English settlements affect Native Americans?settlements affect Native Americans?
• It was a threat to their way of life. • Examples:• 1. Religion• 2. Land rights• 3. Food• 4. Disease
Roanoke: The Lost ColonyRoanoke: The Lost Colony
Roanoke Island Roanoke Island • Located at the outer banks of North Carolina. • First attempt at settlement in North America. • It failed: No one knows what happened to the
remaining settlers. • “Croatoan” carved into a tree was the only sign
left by the settlers.
““Croatoan”Croatoan”
What probably happenedWhat probably happened• The principal hypothesis is that they
dispersed and were absorbed by either the local Croatan or Hatteras Indians
Jamestown Jamestown ColonyColony
16071607
JamestownJamestown
JamestownJamestown• Virginia Company: 1607 • Hardships: Indian attacks, famine
and disease (swampy area)• Search for gold instead of working. • Economic Survival: Tobacco
introduced by John Rolfe (Pocahontas)
Tobacco and Labor forceTobacco and Labor force• A need for labor brought over indentured
servants. • Agreed to become a servant for 7 years in return
for a paid trip across the Atlantic. • 100,000 people came to America as indentured
servants. • 20 Africans arrived in 1619 • Both Slaves and Indentured Servants could be
lashed if they tried to runaway.
Life in VirginiaLife in Virginia• Most villages were by rivers or
steams. • Farming of large fields or plantations. • Religion was not strictly practiced.• Hunting, Fishing, Farming. • Not everyone had slaves.
Governing the ColonyGoverning the Colony• House of
Burgesses: • Representatives from
the colony• First instance of
limited self government in the English colonies.
•
Bacon’s Rebellion Bacon’s Rebellion • Led farmers against Native
Americans for farm land. • Turned on the Governor of
Virginia for not protecting colonists/farmers against large planters.
• Burned down Jamestown.• Problem: exposed sharp
contrast between poor and wealthy.
Jamestown Adventure Jamestown Adventure • http://www.historyglobe.com/
jamestown/
Hippocampus Hippocampus
Puritan Puritan Colonies Colonies Plymouth and Plymouth and
Massachusetts Bay Massachusetts Bay colonycolony
Puritan ColoniesPuritan Colonies• Two colonies founded by religious
motivation (purify their church from Catholic influence).
• 1. Plymouth: • 2. Massachusetts Bay Colony• Both founded on John Calvin’s
protestant teachings.
1. Plymouth Colony 1. Plymouth Colony
Pilgrims Pilgrims • Separatist group that left England for
Virginia aboard the Mayflower and Speedwell.
Pilgrim Dress Pilgrim Dress
Mayflower IIMayflower II
PilgrimsPilgrims• Mayflower
Compact: Agreement to obey all of the governments laws.
• Provided self government.
Early Difficulties Early Difficulties • Landed in the winter.• Little food• No Housing • Over 100 die
Native AmericansNative Americans• Squanto: showed the colonists how
to plant corn.• Thanksgiving: Feast in 1621.
Hippocampus Hippocampus
2. Massachusetts Bay 2. Massachusetts Bay ColonyColony
Massachusetts Bay Massachusetts Bay CompanyCompany
• Royal Charter: 1629• Leader: John Winthrop • Looking for religious freedom
Puritans(not separatists) Puritans(not separatists) • Disliked the Church of England• Reform Protestant Church from within. • Liked to:• 1. study the Bible• 2. listen to sermons• 3. examine their lives and world for clues to Gods
will.
Salem Witch TrialsSalem Witch Trials• Several young girls
claimed that the devil had taken control of them.
• 19 men and women executed.
Hippocampus Hippocampus
European Treatment of European Treatment of Native AmericansNative Americans
• Spanish: Conquer, rule and intermarry.
• English: occupied land and forced Native Americans inland.
• French: economic and military allies. • All nationalities viewed Native
Americans as inferiors who could be exploited.
The Thirteen The Thirteen Colonies and Colonies and The British The British
EmpireEmpire1607-17501607-1750
IntroIntro• Between 1607 Virginia and 1733
Georgia 13 distinctly different English colonies developed along the coast.
• Each colony had a tradition of independence and representative government.
Types of ChartersTypes of Charters• A document granting special
privileges from the English King.• 1. Corporate: joint stock company• 2. Royal: under direct rule of the
king. • 3. Proprietary: under rule of an
individual who has ownership.
13 Colonies13 Colonies
New England ColoniesNew England Colonies• 1. Massachusetts• 2. Rhode Island• 3. Connecticut• 4. New Hampshire
Development of New Development of New England Colonies England Colonies
• Strong religious convictions helped the Puritans establish both Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay Colony.
• They were intolerant to anyone who questioned their religion.
• Result: Banishment from the colony
Descents from the Massachusetts Bay Descents from the Massachusetts Bay Puritan Community Puritan Community
• Roger Williams: Providence Rhode Island
• Anne Hutchinson: Portsmouth Rhode Island.
• Thomas Hooker: Connecticut • John Wheelwright: New Hampshire
King Philips WarKing Philips War• Conflict between Native Americans
and New England colonists that resulted in the killing of thousands.
• Result: New England colonists won, ending Native American resistance.
The Middle The Middle Colonies Colonies
New York, Delaware, New New York, Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania Jersey, Pennsylvania
Middle Colonies Middle Colonies
Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies• New York: 1664 Duke of York takes control
of the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam and renames it New York.
• New Jersey: Duke of York turns New Jersey over to two friends. In 1702 the King of England joins both East and West Jersey.
Middle Colonies Middle Colonies • Pennsylvania: William Penn was
granted the land by the King. “Holy Experiment” place to practice his Quaker beliefs: non-violent, tolerance of others.
• Delaware: Penn granted land to three counties to run independently.
Southern Southern ColoniesColonies
Virginia, Maryland, Virginia, Maryland, Carolina, Georgia Carolina, Georgia
Southern Colonies Southern Colonies
Southern Colonies Southern Colonies • Maryland: Roman Catholic, Tobacco • Virginia: Tobacco• Carolinas: Split into North and South in 1712• South Carolina: Large rice plantations, need for
slave labor. • North Carolina: Small tobacco farms. Less slavery • Georgia: made up of criminals from England’s
overpopulated jails. Buffer State.
Colonial Colonial Lifestyles and Lifestyles and
societysociety
Colonial Family Colonial Family • Economic and Social center of
colonial life. • Men: landowners, voter, unlimited
power in the house. • Women: raised the family (8kids av),
educated them, worked by husband, had little legal or political rights.
Colonial SocietyColonial Society• The English language and English
traditions were dominant. • Voters played an active role in
government• A degree of religious toleration could
be found in each colony. • It was possible for individuals to
better themselves.
EconomyEconomy• New England: small farms, logging,
shipbuilding, fishing, rum distilling. • Middle: farming (wheat and corn),
iron making, trading• South: farming, rice, indigo, timber.
Mercantilism and the Mercantilism and the Empire Empire
• A country should get as much gold and silver as possible. • Money=Power• England: Parent Country• 13 Colonies: Child • Colonies would harvest raw materials, send it back to
England. • England would sell the finished product back to the
Colonies for a profit. • Good? Bad?
Education in the Colonies Education in the Colonies • New England Law: towns with more
than 50 people were required to establish a school. Tax funded
• Middle: church sponsored or private. • Southern: Tutors provide education
on the plantations. • Higher Education: Harvard 1636.
First college.
Colonial ProfessionsColonial Professions• Ministers: had widespread respect. • Physicians: had no formal training. • Lawyers: A bar or board was
established to train lawyers.
The institution The institution of slaveryof slavery
Increased demand for Increased demand for slavesslaves
• Why?• 1. Decrease in the immigration rate
from England. • 2. Dependable work force.
Remember Bacon’s Rebellion.• 3. Cheap labor
Slave LawsSlave Laws• 1641 Massachusetts: Africans would
be held in bondage for life. • 1661 Virginia: Children automatically
inherit their mothers slave status. • Results: Africans are viewed as social
inferiors (racism).
Triangle of Trade Triangle of Trade
Triangle of TradeTriangle of Trade• New England: Trade rum for slaves. • Africa: Slaves taken to West Indies
(middle passage) for sugar. • West Indies: Sugar taken back to
New England to make rum.
Middle Passage Middle Passage • A slaves journey across the Atlantic
ocean. • It was the leg between Africa and the
West Indies.
Middle Passage Middle Passage http://www.melfisher.org/exhibitions/
henriettamarie/middlepassage.htm
Video: Middle PassageVideo: Middle Passage• http://
streaming.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm
Great Awakening Great Awakening • Preacher: Jonathan Edwards• God was angry with human
sinfulness. Express penitence and you could be saved or eternal damnation.
• Revival designed to renew religious enthusiasm and political independence.
Great Awakening Great Awakening • Political influence: make your own
religious decisions without relying on a minister.
• This was the first time the colonists shared a common experience.