UNITED STATES HISTORYINTENSIVE REVIEW

for theSouth Carolina

United States History and the ConstitutionEnd of Course (EOC) Exam

Wren High SchoolMay 15, 2012

DAY ONE

Table of Contents

Standard 1P. 2-9

Standard 2P. 10-14

Standard 3P. 15-20

Standard 4P. 20-25

SESSION ONEColonial America and the American Revolution

Standard 1.1Comparing and Contrasting British North America

NEW ENGLAND

MIDDLE COLONIES

SOUTHERN COLONIES

Key Colonies

Key Figures

Why Settle?

Economic Activity

Predominant Religion(s)

Religious Outlook

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Standard 1.2 Conflict between the British Parliament and the Colonial Legislatures

Magna Carta English Bill of Rights

When it happened? 1225 1689

What did it do?

How should it affect the colonies

How did it affect the colonies

Parliament Taxes the Colonies

1754-1763 _______________________________________________________________________

1763 ____________________ ____________________________________________________

1764 ____________________ ____________________________________________________

1765 ____________________ ______________________________________ Internal Tax

1767 ____________________ ____________________________________________________

P___________ P___________ L___________ G___________ T___________

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The Road to Revolution1770 ____________________ ____________________________________________________

1773 ____________________ ____________________________________________________

1774 ____________________ ____________________________________________________

1. ____________________ ____________________________________________________

2. ____________________ ____________________________________________________

3. ____________________ ____________________________________________________

4. ____________________ ____________________________________________________

5. ____________________ ____________________________________________________

The Revolutionary War1775 Battles of ______________________________________ Siege of _______________________

1776 January Publication of _________________________________

July ____________________________________________

December Publication of ____________________ ____ Battle of ________________________

1777 Battle of _____________ ____________________________________________________

Treaty of Alliance with ___________________________________

1781 Siege of ____________ _ ____________________________________________________

1783 Treaty of ____________ ____________________________________________________

Standard 1.3Impact of the Declaration of Independence and Revolutionary War on establishing the

ideals of a Democratic RepublicThe Declaration’s ideas eventually formed the groundwork for the United States Constitution. Helped ignite debate over other issues

regarding ____________________ of citizens. Over the centuries the Declaration of Independence has served as the foundation on which

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countless crusades for _____________________ and reform have been based.

What impact did the Declaration of independence and the Revolutionary war have on France?

Standard 1.4Dissatisfaction with the Articles of

Confederation/Constructing the ConstitutionThe Articles of Confederation

The first plan of government for the United States was the _________________ of _________________, which were drafted in 1776. The Articles were replaced by the U.S. Constitution in 1789.

The Articles vs. the ConstitutionArticles of Confederation“A Firm League of Friendship”

U.S. Constitution“A More Perfect Union”

RepresentationTaxation

Powers of Congress

In addition to the Articles:

Amendments / of Congress + / of States

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The Constitutional Convention

May-September, 1787 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

For what purpose? _______________________________________

Conflict and Compromise at the Constitutional Convention

Virginia Plan

New Jersey Plan

Great (Connecticut)

Compromise

3/5 (“Not So Great”)

Compromise

Slave Trade Compromise

Electoral College Electors = ____________ + ______________

Amendments ___ / ___ OF ___________________ + ___ / ___ OF THE _____________________

Standard 1.5Principles of the Constitution

Federalism – power is divided between the _________________ government and the ______________ governments.

Ordered Government ___________________ Rebellion (1786)

Representative Government (Republicanism)

Separation of Powers

____________ Branch ____________ Branch ____________ Branch

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In addition to separation of powers, the Framers proposed a system of checks and balances in order to make sure that the members of one branch of government did not become too powerful or corrupt.

Examples:Veto, Treaty Ratification, Judicial Nomination and Confirmation

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Standard 1.6Two Party System, Democratic-Republicans

and Federalist

The First Two-Party SystemWhat was each party’s stance on each of these issues?

FEDERALISTS

(Jeffersonian)

DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS

Leaders

Federalism

Constitution

Economy

National Bank

Protective Tariff

Federal Assumption of State War Debts

Supporters

Washington’s Farewell Address: 1. ____________________________________

Washington urged Americans to avoid 2. ____________________________________

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Standard 1.7

John Marshall, Marbury V. Madison

The Adams AdministrationAlien and Sedition Acts (1798) Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions (1798-1799)

WHO?

WHAT?Before leaving office, John Adams appointed several _________________ judges, who would serve life terms and be able to undermine Jefferson’s Republican administration from the bench. These included John _______________ who Adams appointed as _____________ _____________ of the ____________ ______________.

__________ v. ___________ established the principle of __________ _________, which says that the ____________ ___________ has the authority to interpret the Constitution. This differed from Thomas Jefferson’s belief that the _________ should interpret the Constitution.

John Marshall vs. Thomas Jefferson

John Marshall(___________)

Thomas Jefferson(__________)

Federalism

National Bank

Economic Development?

Strict / Loose Construction

Who Interprets the Constitution?

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STANDARD 2Movement West

Standard 2.1Impact of Westward Movement on Democracy

Louisiana Purchase / Lewis and Clark Expedition1803 – Jefferson purchased Louisiana from ___________________. He sent Lewis and Clark to explore the Purchase (WIN) and to find a ________________ Passage

(FAIL).

Indian Removal / Trail of TearsTERRITORIAL ACQUISITIONS TIMELINE

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Standard 2.2Explain the Monroe Doctrine

Monroe Doctrine (1823)

NO MORE…

Describe how this political cartoon represents the Monroe

Doctrine’s affect on the world.

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Manifest Destiny

John Gast, American Progress (1872)

Explain the cartoon above in reference to Manifest Destiny.

Whose Will was it that America had the Right to expand West? _________________________________________________________

Texas Revolution

The Republic of Texas (1836-1846)

Problems with Annexation: 1. ___________________

2. ___________________

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Standard 2.3Sectionalism and Economic Development

NORTH

SOUTH

WEST

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Standard 2.4Antebellum Reform and Sectionalism

Antebellum means “_______________ _____ ______________.” In U.S. History,

antebellum describes the period between 18__ and the start of the

____________ ___________ in 18__.

SECTIONALISM

NORTH SOUTH WEST

Economy

Political Leaders

Political Issues

ANTEBELLUM REFORM MOVEMENTS

Movement Key Figures Information

Second Great Awakening

Abolitionism

Temperance

Women’s Rights

Antebellum reform movements were strongest in the _______________, but did not catch on in the more traditionally-minded South.

The more aggressively Northerners criticized the institution of slavery, the more the South ________________ it.

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Standard 3.1

Events Leading to the Civil War

1820 ________________________________________

1824 The “______________” Bargain (Clay and Adams)

1828 ________________________________________

1828-1833 ____________________ Crisis

1831 __________________ published

William Lloyd _____________________

1836 Texas _______________

1845 Texas _______________

1846-1848 ______________________________________

_________________ Proviso __________________________________________________

Abolitionism vs. Free SoilAbolitionism Free Soil

Geographic Base: Geographic Base:

Compromise of 1850

1. ________________________________________________________

2. ________________________________________________________

3. ________________________________________________________

4. ________________________________________________________

5. ________________________________________________________

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Monroe

J.Q. Adams

Jackson

Van Buren

Tyler

Polk

TaylorFillmore

The Great Triumvirateon compromising

Webster _______

Clay _______

Calhoun _______

___°___′Clay’s American System

1. A Tariff

2. A National Bank

3. Federal Subsidies

WHO LOSES?

Southern Plantation Owners

The Crisis of the 1850s

The 1830s vs. the 1850s

1830s 1850s

1852 __________________________ published IMPACT:

1854 _______________-__________________ Act

____________________ Party Founded PLATFORM: _____________________

1856 “Bleeding ____________________”

Notable abolitionist involved: _____________ ________________

1857 _____________ _______________ v. Sandford

1. __________________________________________________

2. __________________________________________________

3. Nullified _________________________________

1859 John Brown’s _______________’s Ferry Raid

1860 ______________________ Elected President

1. ___________________ South secedes (12/1860-2/1861)

States:

2. Fort ________________ attacked (4/1861)

3. Lincoln’s Response: _____________________________________

4. ___________________ South secedes (April-June/1861)

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Pierce

Buchanan

Lincoln

Standard 3.2 Course of the Civil War,

The Civil War (aka, “The War Between the States”)

United States of America (USA)“The North” or “The ____________”

Confederate States of America (CSA)“The South” or “The ________________”

Strategies

Strengths

Weaknesses

Leaders

Turing PointsDecisive Battles of the Civil War

Battle Year Victor SignificanceUnion Confed.

18611862186318631865

The Emancipation Proclamation

EFFECTIVE DATE: _________ _____, __________

Which slaves were freed by Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation? ___________________________

How many slaves were freed on January 1, 1863? ___________________

What value did it have, then? _____________________________________________________

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By what authority did Lincoln free these slaves? ______________________________________

Lincoln defined the proclamation as a “necessary ______________ measure.”

Why didn’t Lincoln issue the Emancipation Proclamation sooner?

Lincoln and the Civil War

Lincoln’s primary goal in fighting the Civil War was to ___________________ the ________________. To this goal, he added the emancipation of slaves as it became clear that the war would be a long and bitter conflict.

Standard 3.3Effects of Reconstruction

Reconstruction

By what process will the Southern states be brought back into the Union?

“With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds… to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves, and with all nations. “

-- Abraham LincolnSecond Inaugural Address

Presidential Reconstruction

_______% Plan – Lincoln’s plan to allow Southern states back into the Union quickly and easily

Lincoln’s _________________ by John Wilkes Booth in 1865 hardened Northern attitudes toward the defeated South. Lincoln’s successor, Andrew __________________, attempted to continue Lincoln’s generous plans for Reconstruction, but encountered resistance from Congress. Northern Republicans also resented Southern states’ efforts to impose _______________

Codes, which denied basic rights of citizenship to African-Americans.

Radical RepublicansGoals of the Radical Republicans: 1. ______________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________

Presidential Reconstruction (1863-1867)

Congressional (Radical) Reconstruction (1867-1877)

President ______________ vetoed Reconstruction Acts that were passed by the Radical Republicans in

1867, but his vetoes were overridden by a __/__ vote of Congress. The Radical Republicans 19

__________________ President Johnson over disagreements about Reconstruction plans. Johnson avoided being removed from office by ___ vote.

Standard 3.4Effects of Reconstruction

Reconstruction AmendmentsPresidential Reconstruction Radical Reconstruction

13th Amendment (1865) 14th Amendment (1868) 15th Amendment (1870)

1.

2.

3.

Reconstruction in the South

Radical Republicans divided the South (except for Tennessee, which ratified the ___ th Amendment voluntarily) into five _____________________ districts. Radical Republicans believed that the defeated

South should be treated like “___________________ provinces.”

Freedmen’s Bureau: ___________________________________________________________________

Carpetbaggers Scalawags

The ______ ___________ ___________ committed acts of violence and intimidation against “carpetbaggers,” “scalawags,” and freedmen.

Compromise of 1877: _______________________________________________________________

Jim Crow - ________________________________________________________________

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896): ______________________, but ____________________

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Standard 3.5Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois, Ida B. Wells

List the Methods that each of these Activist used in their battle for Civil Rights

Booker T. Washington

W.E.B Du Bois Ida B. Wells

Standard 4Standard 4.1

Impact of Government Policy and Construction of the Railroads on the Native American Peoples

The Dawes Severalty ActAdopted by Congress in 1887

Made as an attempt to _________________ Native Americans.Allowed Native Americans to sign up for _______________________.

___________________ took control of all unclaimed lands.

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Standards 4.2/4.3Capitalism, Railroads, Big Business through Monopolies

The Gilded Age

Gilded Age: __________________________________________________________________________Impact of the Railroads: 1.______________________ 2. ___________________________ 3. _________________________ Advantages of Corporations1. ____________________ 2. _________________________ 3. ___________________________Big Businesses: Andrew Carnegie John RockefellerBusiness ____________________ ____________________

Vertical Integration Horizontal IntegrationControlling all aspects of Buying out the competitionProduction

Tactics used: _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________-

Social Darwinism: ________________________________________________________________

Sherman Antitrust: _______________________________________________________________

Robber Barons: __________________________________________________________________

Governmental Actions that produced Industrial Growth1. ________________________ ________ 2. __________________________________

3. ________________________________ 4. __________________________________

Labor Unions v. Big BusinessWhat were the problems of the labor force?1._______________________ 2._______________________ 3. ___ ____________________

The two major Labor Unions of the era were _______________________________________ __________________________________Weapons of Labor Weapons of Business1. _________________________________ 1.______________________________2. _________________________________ 2. ______________________________3. _________________________________ 3. ______________________________

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Labor Strikes Railroad Strike of 1877 Haymarket Strike Pullman Strike

Causes

Results

Which side did the government take?

_______________________ and _________________________ brought public attention to child labor and unsafe working conditions.

President ______________________ changed the government’s stance on labor unions when he supported the use _______________________________ by labor unions.

Standard 4.4Populist Movement

Problems of the Farmers1. ________________________________ 2.___________________________________3. ________________________________ 4. __________________________________

Farmers Movements1. _____________________________ 2. ______________________________

Bimetallism Gold Standard

Was the Populist Party successful?

Election of 1896“Farmers v. Big Business”

Farmers supported the Populist and Democratic Candidate, ______________________ in the Election of 1896. This candidate gave a very important speech called ___________________________ , which argued for Bimetallism.Big Business supported the Republican Party candidate,_____________________________ and his Front Porch Campaign. He won the election because he received the support of the workers that feared the inflationary (soft money) policies of Populist Party.

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Standard 4.5Immigration, Ethnic Neighborhoods, and Political Machines

Ethnic Neighborhoods and Immigrant PovertyIn most cases, immigrants were too poor to move beyond coastal cities, leading to the rise of densely populated ethnic neighborhoods. Immigrants relied on political machines, led by party bosses, to help them find jobs. The political machines relied on immigrant votes to keep themselves in power.

Muckrakers, such as Jacob ______________, author of How the Other Half Lives, exposed the poor conditions in urban tenements (low-rent apartments) and sweatshops, where immigrants performed cheap labor.

Although most immigrants stayed in coastal cities, such as NYC, many went to Chicago and other cities in the Midwest where low-paying, undesirable jobs (e.g., meatpacking) were available. Upton Sinclair’s book, The _______________, exposed the wretched working conditions in Chicago’s meatpacking industry.Native born Americans tended to resent the “New Immigrants” for several reasons:

1. They didn’t understand __________________.

2. Their home countries lacked traditions of ________________ government.

3. Their religions (_________________, ______________, ______________) were largely alien to native born Americans.

4. They provided a steady supply of ______________ _______________, which undermined efforts by labor unions to get better wages.

Catholicism and cheap labor were also reasons why people resented the ______________ immigrants during the antebellum period. However, the Irish did speak English and had traditions of republican government, so no efforts were made by Congress to limit Irish immigration during the nineteenth century.

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Migration of African Americans to the North and WestWhere they went Why they went What they

encountered

North

West

Political Machines

Key Figures:________________________________________

Key groups: Tammany Hall, New York’s Democratic Political Machine

Examples of Corruption: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What strategies did political machines use to gain votes from Immigrants? _____________________________________________

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Standard 4.6Progressive Movement

Progressiveness- Social Activism, Reforms, End Corruption in Politics

Carrie Chapman

Catt

Alice Paul Jane Addams

Theodore Roosevelt

Woodrow Wilson

Progressive Theory

Women’s Suffrage

Activism Accomplished

Founder of the League of Women Voters, andPresident of

National American Woman Suffrage

Association

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