colonel neil mccasland - university of north...
TRANSCRIPT
Colonel Neil McCaslandDirector, Space Vehicles
Air Force Research Laboratory
Colonel Neil McCaslandDirector, Space Vehicles
Air Force Research Laboratory
2
Space Technologiesfor Air Force Capabilities
6.1
6.3
6.2
6.1
6.3
6.2
Space ElectronicsVS-Heritage Electronics are Aboard
All DoD Operational Satellites
Radiation Belts
Ionosphere
Auroral Region
Radiation Belts
Ionosphere
Auroral Region
Radiation Belts
Ionosphere
Auroral Region
Radiation Belts
Ionosphere
Auroral Region
Space WeatherSpecifying, Forecasting &
Mitigating Space EnvironmentHazards to DoD Systems
Space CommunicationsBroadband Comm Supportfor High Data Rate Users
Space Power VS-Heritage Solar Cells
Aboard 95% of DoD Operational Satellites
Space StructuresVS Structures Technology
on EELV & Minotaur Launch Vehicles
3
Space WeatherImpacts to DoD Systems
Space Particle Hazards• Radiation degradation and
electronics upsets• Surface and internal charging /
discharging• Thin film and coating
degradation
Ionosphere/Neutral Hazards• Communication/Navigation
link degradation and outage• Surveillance clutter• Tracking & geolocation error• Satellite Drag
Direct Solar Hazards• Radio, optical and X-ray
interference• Solar energetic particle dose
degradation and detector clutter
• Radiation dose to humans at high altitudes
Radiation Belts
Solar Disturbances
Ionosphere
Aurora
4
Environment• DoD space systems operate in a harsh
radiation environment
• We develop cost-effective solutions to military-unique requirements
Space Electronics
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Bill
ions
of D
olla
rs
Mid70's
Mid80's
Mid90's
End90's
Mid00's
Upgrade CostTotal RH market
0.35 µµµµm
0.25µµµµm
0.09 µµµµm
Infrastructure• Manufacturing cost grows exponentially
-- New fabs cost $3B+• Takes 30 yrs to amortize one dedicated
rad hard manufacturing plant
Dos
e R
ate
(Ups
et) [
rads
/s]
Total Dose [rads]
1013
1012
1011
1010
109
108
107
106
105
102 103 104 105 106 107
StrategicSpace Strategic
Missiles
Stra
tegi
cD
igita
l
SpacecraftProcessors
OtherMilitary
Space
Stra
tegi
cA
nalo
g
Avionics
100
"
EndoInterceptors
ExoInterceptors
CommercialSpace
GroundSystems
RadTolerant
RadHard
COTS/MOTS
AFR
L In
vest
men
ts
Dos
e R
ate
(Ups
et) [
rads
/s]
Total Dose [rads]
10131013
10121012
10111011
10101010
109109
108108
107107
106106
105105
102102 103103 104104 105105 106106 107107
StrategicSpace Strategic
Missiles
Stra
tegi
cD
igita
l
SpacecraftProcessors
OtherMilitary
Space
Stra
tegi
cA
nalo
g
Avionics
100100
"
EndoInterceptors
ExoInterceptors
CommercialSpace
GroundSystems
RadTolerant
RadHard
COTS/MOTS
AFR
L In
vest
men
ts
Commercial electronics won’t work!
Dedicated fabs not sustainable
5
Space Power
Boeing HS702 (17 kW)
Lockheed A2100AX (15 kW)
SS/Loral LS1300 (17 kW) Space Station (78 kW) (Multiple Launches)Power is a limiting factor
for nearly every space application
Current Power Ceiling~19 kW – Array Mass &
Volume Limitations
2040203020202010
100
1000
Comm
We are here
SBR
SBL
Space-Based Radar & Communications Drive Power Requirements
6
Space StructuresSystem Weight
Parasitic Mass/Payload Mass Fraction
Lightweight, High Packaging Efficiency Structures Critical to Communications and Remote Sensing!
Aperture SizeExample: Effect on SBR performance
2L∝ 3L∝
∝L1
∝L1
7
Space Communications
Milstar
Commercial
DSCS
Strategic EHF Comms
Wideband SHF Protected Comms
Wideband L, C, Ku, Ka-band Comms
AEHF
WGS
Commercial
• Mix of packet and circuit switched capacity
• Adaptive links for channel conditions – built-in protection
• High bandwidth trunks/circuits• Support for small user terminals• Integrated EHF, SHF, Ka band
services
Circa 2000 Circa 2005 Circa 2015• Circuit switched• Unconnected, separate services• Limited support for small terminals• Low protected capacity
• Internet-like transport with interconnectivity and cross-banding
• Support for small, mobile terminals• High protected capacity
WGS Commercial
AEHF
APSTSAT