colombia farmers' uprising puts the spotlight on seeds
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On 19 August, Colombian farmers' organisations initiated a massive nationwide strike. They blocked roads, dumped milk on cars and basically stopped producing food for the cities. The problem? They are being driven out of existence by the government's policies, which serve the interests of a wealthy elite minority.TRANSCRIPT
COLOMBIA FARMERS’uprising puts the spotlight on seeds
September 2013
Destroying “unlicenced” seeds in the name of “free” trade (Photo: ICA)
AGAINST THE GRAIN
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The state provides almost no support for the small–scale farming sector.1 Instead, it embraces a social and economic model that serves the interests of
a wealthy elite minority. Recent free trade agreements (FTAs) signed with the US and the EU are undercutting Colombian producers, who can’t compete with subsi-dised imports.2 The Colombian government has been actively promoting land grabbing by large corporations, many of them foreign (Monica Semillas from Brazil, Merhav from Israel, Cargill from the US), to promote export–oriented agribusiness at the expense of family farming oriented towards food sovereignty.
But the farming sector needs real support, especially in the form of access to land and lower costs of produc-tion, protestors argue. Otherwise, Colombian potato and coffee farmers, dairy and meat producers, not to mention small fishers, will not be able to keep up. They are being evicted and exterminated.
With their backs against the wall, a movement of mobilisation began in one part of the country in June and grew into a coordinated national action for August. The farmers’ strike was soon supported by other sec-tors: oil industry workers, miners, truckers, health sector professionals and others. On 29 August, ten days into the strike, more than 20,000 students joined the move-ment and shut down the capital city, Bogotá.
The response of the government was chaotic and con-tradictory. Police forces violently repressed and injured a lot of protestors, not to mention journalists. More than 250 people were arrested, including high–level
1. Almost one-third of the Colombian population lives in the coun-
tryside and nearly 60% of those in the rural areas live, to some
extent, in hunger. See Paro Nacional Agrario y Popular, Pliego de
peticiones.
2. The effects are just starting, but they are real. US agricultural
exports to Colombia shot up 62% in the first year of the agreement,
while Colombian farm exports to the US went down 15%. (See USTR,
and Portafolio)
union leader Hubert Jesús Ballesteros Gomez, mostly on trumped up charges.
A number of people on both sides lost their lives. At one moment the government recognised the farm-ers’ grievances as valid and offered some concessions. In another it claimed that the movement was infiltrated by the FARC. President Santos even went on TV and claimed that “the agrarian strike does not exist”. The following day, he was filmed from a helicopter, inspect-ing the skirmishes and tear gas which filled the streets of Bogotá.
The mobilisation has been extremely successful in opening up space for discussion, conscientisation, solidarity and resistance in Colombia. Students, for instance, were keen to support the farmers and back their demands. They rallied loudly against GMOs and for food sovereignty. But they also wanted to put for-ward their own demands for free public education, nudging the mobilisation beyond agrarian concerncs into a broader wave of social pressure to change current Colombian policies.
Law 970Seeds emerged as one highly visible issue. Under the
FTA signed with Washington, as well as that signed with Brussels, Bogotá is required to provide legal monopoly rights over seeds sold by US and European corporations as an incentive for them to invest in Colombia. Farmers who are caught selling farm–saved seeds of such varie-ties, or simply indigenous seeds which have not been formally registered, could face fines or even jail time.3
3. To be registered and certified, seeds need to meet criteria of
genetic uniformity and stability, to suit agroindustrial processes.
This excludes, by definition, peasant seeds — or criollo varieties, as
they are called in Colombia — which tend to be diverse, adaptive
and dynamic. Under the current rules in Colombia, if a farmer wants
to plant criollo seeds, s/he has to get authorisation from the gov-
ernment, can only do it once, can only do it on five hectares or less
On 19 August, Colombian farmers’ organisations initiated a massive nationwide strike. They blocked roads, dumped milk on cars and
basically stopped producing food for the cities. The problem? Farmers are being driven out of existence by the government’s policies.
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As is the case in many other countries throughout the world, this criminalisation of farmers’ and indigenous people’s rights to save, exchange and sell seeds puts the country’s biodiversity and cultural heritage at risk.
While it’s true that the Colombian government has been moving in this direction for many years, and agree-ing to such policies as part of its membership in the Andean Community or the World Trade Organisation, many people point out that it is only since the signing of the US and EU FTAs that the government has begun seriously implementing them.
In 2011, the Colombian government authorities stormed the warehouses and trucks of rice farmers in Campoalegre, in the province of Huila, and violently destroyed 70 tonnes of rice that it said were not pro-cessed as per the law. This militarised intervention to destroy farmers’ seeds shocked many, and inspired one young Chilean activist, Victoria Solano, to make a film about it. The film is called “9.70” because that is the number of the law adopted in 2010 that articulates the state’s right to destroy farmers’ seeds if they don’t comply.4
Today, thanks to the force, tenacity and justness of the farmers’ protest, people from all walks of life are Colombia are discussing that film, as can be seen in the mass media, social networks and the streets, and asking why the government is pursuing such senseless policies.
and must consume the entire harvest at home (cannot sell it on the
market).
4. See the film’s Facebook page and on Twitter look up #Nomas970.
In the three years of Law 970 so far (2010-2012), the government
rejected or destroyed nearly 4,000 tonnes of seeds.
Support the movement
There is no question that Colombian farm-ers can feed the country very well, in a way that provides jobs, dignity and a healthy environment. But the government is too firmly attached to an economic model that caters to crony interests and holds no place for small–scale family farming. We should all support the popular agrarian struggle in Colombia to turn that model around. It’s not too late.
As one small concrete action, the documen-tary film “9.70” — which you can watch online in Spanish at http://youtu.be/kZWAqS–El_g — is seeking funds to produce a version with English subtitles so that more people around the world can understand what the Colombians farmers are facing and support them to defeat such policies. The smallest contribution helps. Please go to http://idea.me/proyectos/9162/documental970 to participate. The deadline is 10 September!
As another meaningful action, the Latin American Coordination of La Via Campesina are seeking international solidarity initiatives to sup-port the strike. Please go to http://goo.gl/9u6RXJ to learn more. Again, time is of the essence!
Beyond Colombia, the battle over similar seeds legislation is raging right now at very high politi-cal levels, and across the countryside, in Chile and Argentina as well. One concern is that some of the more aggressive elements adopted by the gov-ernment of Colombia could infiltrate other Latin American countries as well. The need to scrap these laws is truly urgent indeed!
Going further:“La historia detrás del 970”, Semana, Bogotá, 24 August 2013. Grupo Semillas, “Colombia: Las leyes que privatizan y controlan el uso de las semillas, criminalizan las semillas criollas”, Bogotá, 26 August 2013.Julia Duranti, “A struggle for survival in Colombia’s countryside”, 30 August 2013.
Visit the bilaterals.org website for more coverage (in English, French and Spanish) of the general agrarian strike and the fight over Law 970.For more information about the struggles around the seed laws in Colombia, please contact Grupo Semillas (“Seeds Group”) at [email protected] or visit their website http://semillas.org.co/ To learn more about the political battle currently taking place in Chile, please get in touch with Anamuri, the National Association of Rural and Indigenous Women, at [email protected] information about what is happening in Argentina, please contact Diego Montón at the Latin American Coordination of La Vía Campesina, at [email protected]
GRAIN is a small international non-profit organisation that works to support small farmers and social movements in their struggles for community-controlled and biodiversity-based food systems. Against the grain is a series of short opinion pieces on recent trends and developments in the issues that GRAIN works on. Each one focuses on a specific and timely topic.
The complete collection of Against the graincan be found on our website at:www.grain.org/article/categories/13-against-the-grain
GRAIN,Girona 25 pral., 08010 Barcelona, SpainTel: +34 93 301 1381, Fax: +34 93 301 16 27Email: [email protected]