collection of spoken english expressions

7/31/2019 Collection of Spoken English Expressions

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Abu Ula Muhd. Hasinul Islam

M.A. in English (R.U.)ELT Professional Course (Marjons, England)

Language TrainerForeign Language Training Centre (FLTC)

Rajshahi College, Rajshai

Eureka Book AgencyRajshahi


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Collectionof

Spoken EnglishExpressions

First Print: January 2010 Publisher: Mohammad

Hossain, Eureka Book Agency, No. 9, New Market,

Rajshahi 6100, Phone: (0721) 772416 Copyright:

Abu Ula Muhd. Hasinul Islam Computer Graphics:Macron Computers, Sheikhpara, Rajshahi. Printing:

Ahmed Offset Printers, Hawkers Market, Rajshahi.

Price Taka 52 ISBN 984 8214 27 5


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Dedicated to

those people working behind

the GOOD WORLD ofINTERNET


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To be published:

Complete Grammar Practice (for all competitive

exams)

A Handbook on Communicative Language Teaching(for teachers of secondary level)

Most Frequent 3000 Spoken Words

Idioms in Stories: M M BwWqg

mgM BsiwR mvwnZ: cvPxb hyM - DivaywbK hyM (mswmvi Ige)


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Offering : wKQz `qvi cve Kiv| 31Asking for Favors : Kviv AbyMn PvIqv| 32

Encouraging Words : Drmvn c`vb Kiv| 33Telling Someone Bad News : Lvivc msev`kvbvbv|

34

Talking about Abilities : mvg_cKvk Kiv| 35Expressing Possibility : mvebv cKvk Kiv| 36Expressing Likes and Dislikes : cQ` - AcQ`

cKk Kiv|

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Agreeing :Kviv K_vi m GKgZ nIqv evSvbv| 38Disagreeing : Kviv m GKgZ bv nIqv| 39Asking for and Giving Permission : AbygwZPvIqv Ges AbygwZ `Iqv|

40

Asking for and Giving Advice : Dc`k PvIqv

Ges Dc`k `Iqv|

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Asking for Directions : Kvb c_ hZ ne ZvRvbZ PvIqv|

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Giving Directions : Kvb c_ hZ ne Zv evZj`qv

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Talking about Travel : hvZvqvZ ev gb welq K_v

ejv|

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Talking about Life Events : Rxebi UzKiv K_v| 45Talking about Health :^v m^ K_v ejv| 46


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Buying and Selling : q weq| 48Making Plans with Someone for the Holiday :

QzwUi mgqi Rb ezi m mgq KvUvbvi cwiKbv|

50

Asking for Repetition:cybivq ejZ ej Abyiva Kiv| 52Using Rejoinders : cZzi Ki gbvhvM AvKlYKvixK_vUzKzi evcvi AvMn cKvk Kiv|

53

Giving Warnings :mZKevYx Rvbvbv| 54Sequencing :NUbvi cviheYbv| 54

Asking for and Giving Opinions : gZvgZ PvIqvGes gZvgZ `Iqv| 55

Stating a Negative Subject : bwZevPK Kvb K_vwKfve ejZ ne|

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Accepting and Refusing : Kviv Advi ev cve MnbA_ev cZvLvb Kiv|

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Classifying :ew ev e ikYxwebvm Kiv| 58Elaborating :wek`fve wKQz Lyj ejvi Pv| 59Clarifying : wbRi ev Abi K_v cwivi KievSvbv|

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Interrupting :Abi K_vi gvS Kkj K_v ejv| 61Giving Instructions : wKfve wb k PvBeb Ges

`eb|

62

Discussing Sensitive Topics :kKvZi welq wbqK_v ejv

63


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Indirect Requests and Information Exchange :civ Abyiva Rvbvbv ev civ gvag Z_ `qv-bqv|

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Supporting Your Opinions :wbR gZvgZi cK_v ejv|

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Exploring Options : Abi gZvgZ LuvRv Ges kcve ev cwiKbvi mveZvi Rb gZvgZ bIqv|

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Contrasting Ideas : wKfve BsiwRZ wecixZ eeZzj aieb|

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Discussion Techniques:AvjvPbv cwiPvjbv Kkj| 68Discussions in a Meeting : wgwUsq AvjvPbv Kiv| 69Paraphrasing : Abi eei mvivsk Zzj aiv| 71Guessing :Abygvb cKvk Ki K_v ejv| 72Stating a Preference : Kvb wekl AbyivM ev AwfiwPcKvk Kiv|

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Saying 'No' Nicely tf fve bv ejZ wkwL| 74Demanding Explanations : Kvb evcvi KwdqZPvIqvi wbqg|

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Giving Explanations : evLv `qv| 76Making Complaints : Kviv KvR m^ ev Kvbwelq Kviv KvQ Amvl cKvk|

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Commenting :K_vi gvS ge Kiv ev wbR^ gZvgZhvM Kivi Pv|79

Being Imprecise :Ah_v_ev AwbwZfve K_v ejv| 79


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Speaking Conditionally : Dccgqg~jK ev eve IAeve kZvaxb K_v ejv|

81

Simple Presentations :ee Dc vcb Kkj|

82

Checking for Understanding : ee evSv MQwKbv Zv ciL Kiv|

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Showing Understanding : kvZv wnme Avcwb hAbRbi K_v eySZ cviQb Zv evSvbv|

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Expressing Lack of Understanding : kvZv

wnme evi K_v eySZ bv cvivwU cKvk Kiv|

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Conceding to Make a Point :Abi Z_wU ^xKviKi wbqI wbR ge cKvk Kiv|

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Analyzing Problems : Kvb mgmv wbq AvjvPbv| 86Making Appointments :Kviv m mvvZi w`bYwVK Kiv|

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Describing Your Company : hLvb KvR Kib mm^ K_v ejv| 89

Describing Projects : cK cwiKbv eYbv| 90Talking about the Future of Company/Project :Kvvwb ev cRi fwelr welq K_v ejv|

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Describing Jobs : PvKzix m^ mvaviY K_vevZv| 91

Asking for Details : we vwiZ Rvbvi Rb ck Kiv| 93Telephone Language :dvbi fvlv| 94Helpful Websites 96


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f~wgKv

GB eBwU h language materialZzj aiQ Zv Kvb

gwjKZ `vex Ki bv| fvlv wkvq communicativelanguage teaching aviv cPwjZ nIqvi c~e hfunctional-notional avibvi eenvi wQjv mLvb fvlveenvii wekl wekl cwiwwZ mswk- fvKvejvwi evGckbi evcK eenvi nZv| h Kvb KviYB nvK

ew`b _KB G aibimaterialfve Avgvì mvgbAvmQ bv| BsiwRZ K_v ejvi PPv Kivi mgq GmeGckb ev fvKvejvwi AbK wkv_xKB ekconfidentnZ mvnvh Ki| GB Qv eBwUZ Zgb 75wU wewfbcwiwwZi ev functionGi Rb cqvRbxq Gckb `qvnqQ| Ze GB Qv eBwUi Dk Gi `ni gZB z ,

wfb: A GKUz mvnvh Kiv| GZ Qv AvKvii GKwU eBAvcbvK KZUzKzB ev mvnvh KiZ cvie?

Ggb GKwU eBqi wPv Avm BsiwR fvlv wkLb wkKev cwkK wnme Avgvi ewMZ AZweva Ges AvkviPq Kg mvdj cvw _K| fvlv wkv_xi ga hviv

commitedGes fvlv wbqexperimentKivi AvMn ivLb,fvlvwUK wbRexperienceKiZ mP nb, GB eBwU g~jZZvì Rb, ZvìK wKQzUv mvnvh Kivi Rb| BsiwR


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fvlvq 500000 GiI ekx k _vKjI GKRb mvaviYBsiwRfvlx ew cvZwnK Rxeb 5000 k eenvi Ki

_vKb| mme mvaviY fvKvejvwi ewi cvkvcvwk wewfbcwiwwZZ K_v Pvwjq hvIqvi Rb g~j Z_i m hmeUzKiv K_v ev fvKvejvwi ev Gckb cqvRb nq mmehw` Avcbvi Rvbv _vK Ges Zvi PPv KiZ cvib, ZeAvcwb nqZ Aviv ekxconfidentnq DVeb| G evcviGB msKjbwU GKRb wkv_xK wKQzUv mvnvh KiZ cvi

ej Avkv KiwQ|fvlv wkv_xi mvdji Rb BsiwRZ fveyb I gyL dzU

Zv ej djyb| fveZ K jvM? gv_v wSg wSg Ki? ZeyIBsiwR ejvi Rb BsiwRZB fveyb| ejZ fq nq?jvKjvq fvMb h fyj ne? ZeyI ejyb| Avcbvi

cwZw`bi mewKQz BsiwRZ Kbv Kib| AviGive yourhundred percent GB hw` nq g~jg, Zvnj mvdjAwbevh|

Ggb GKwU cKvkbv mwZ mwZ Kviv Zgb KvbDcKvi AvmZ cvi wKbv G wbq Avgvi wav KvUvZ mvnvhKiQb ivRkvnx KjRi mvwbZ mnKvix MvMvwiK Rbve

gvnv` gwnDwb| KZZv...| cKvkK gnv`qK abev`|AveyDjv gynv: nvwmbyj [email protected]


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Learn a new languageand get a new soul.

- Czech proverb


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Greetings : mvlY|

AvbyvwbKZvi cqvRb bv _vKj Avgiv mPivPi `ywUBsiwR wMwUsm meP ekx eenvi Kwi: Hi.A_evHello.Gi DiI GKB: Hi.A_evHello.

Avi cwiwwZ hw` nqformal,Ze mvaviYZ Avgiv ewj:Good morning.(gvS`ycyi ch)evGood afternoon.

(gvS`ycyi Gi ci _K m~hWyeZ i Kivi mgq ch)ev Good evening. (m~h Wvevi i _K ivZ ch)|Gme wMwUsm Gi Di GKB K_v ejZ nq| ZeGoodkwU ev` w`q Kej Morningev AfternoonevEvening-I ejv hvq|

GQvov cwiwPZRbi m ej cwiwPZ wMwUsm Gckbnjv: How are you? Gi Di mPivPi nq: Fine,thanks. How about you?evOkay. Thanks.

GQvovI AwZ cwiwPZRbi m eenvi Kiv nq: Howare things?ev How's life?A_wU AbKUv Ggb:

w`bKvj Kgb hvQ? wK, fvj Zv? Ges Ggb wMwUsm GiDi AbKmgq nq Ggb: Not bad. ev Can'tcomplain.A_vr - GB Zv, PjQ Avi wK|


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Gevi BsiwRi GKwU peculiar wMwUsm `wL| c_gcwiwPZ nZ hvQb Ggb `yRb gvbyl wKQzUv formal

cwiek ej: How do you do?Ges Gi DiI eGKB: How do you do? GB wMwUsm Gi Avmj A_njv: Avcbvi m cwiwPZ nq fvj jvMQ| How doyou do? Gi Di KLbvB ejeb bv: Fine. Howabout you? mwU ejv fyj ne|

kl K_vwU njv: greetingsexchange(mvlY wewbgq)Gi mgq gyL nvwm ivLZ fyjeb bv hb|

Introducing Yourself: wbRi cwiPq Dcvcb Kiv|

GLb Informal cwiek wbRK wKfve Dcvcb Kiv

hZ cvi c_g Zvi D`vniY `Lev | c_g ewwKfve cwiPq w`Q Ges Zvi Di AbRb wK ejQ? 1gewi cwiPq`vb:"Hello, I'm Maria."ev"Hello, myname's Maria." 2q ewi cwiPq`vb: "Hi, I'mSarah."ev"Hello Maria, I'm Sarah."ev"Nice to

meet you, I'm Sarah."1g ewi Di:(It's) nice tomeet you./(It's) nice meeting you./(It's) good tomeet you.A_evNice to meet you too.


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cwiwwZ hw` wKQzUv formalnq Ze Gfve wbRKDcvcb Kiv hZ cvi: 1g ewi cwiPq`vb:"I'd like

to introduce myself. I'm Maria, from the officeof the Civil Surgeon, Bogra." ev "Let meintroduce myself. I'm Maria from the office of

the Civil Surgeon, Bogra." ev "May I introducemyself? I'm Maria from the office of the Civil

Surgeon, Bogra." 2q ewi cwiPq`vb: "Nice tomeet you. I'm Hasan Ali, from Magura College."

ev "Pleased to meet you. I'm Hasan Ali, fromMagura College." ev "How do you do? I'mHasan Ali, from Magura College."1g ewi Di:(It's) nice to meet you./(It's) nice meeting

you./(It's) good to meet you.A_evNice to meetyou too.A_evHow do you do?

Introducing Other People : AbK cwiPq Kwiq`qv|

eyvbxq ewK Abi m informally cwiPq Kwiq`qvi Rb wKQz Gckb eenvi Kiv nq: These aremy friends: ... and ... evThis is my friend: ...ev


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like you to meet (name of your boss). AvcbvicwiwPZRb: "How do you do?"A_ev "Pleased to

meet you." ev "Good to meet you." Avcbvimywcwiqi: "How do you do?"A_ev "Pleased tomeet you too."ev"Good to meet you too."

cwiPq Gi c_g ce kl nj mvaviY `yGKwU K_v ejvhZ cvi| hgb, ejv hvq: How was your journey?

ev Is this the first time youre in this city?evHope youll enjoy the time here.BZvw`| GKwUwelq gb ivLeb: Kviv m c_g cwiPq nIqvi mgqZvi RbZvwiL, eZb, eqm BZvw` RvbZ PvIqv wVKkvfbxq bv|

Starting a Conversation: Kbfvmkb i KiZcqvRbxq Gckb|

AcwiwPZ wewUk`i ga Kbfvmkb ii mgq AvenvIqvwelqK K_v PvjvPvwj ekx NU| hgb: 1g Rb: Nice

day, isnt it?evIts an awful day, isnt it? 2q Rb:Yes, lovely.ev Ive never seen such an awfulday. Gici Zviv wbR`i bvg-cwiPq wewbgq Ki| Ze


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AcwiwPZ AvgwiKvb`i ga Kbfvmkb i nq Zviv KKvb vb _K AvmQ Zv Rvbvi gvag|

Avevi, wekl Ki mvaviYfve cwiwPZ ewi m wMwUsmev fQv wewbgq A_ev fQv wRvm w`q Kbfvmkbi Kiv hZ cvi| hgb: How's it going? (Gi A_"How are you?"Gi gZB) ev How's everything?ev How's life?Di ejv hZ cvi: OK.evNotbad.evCant complain.evSo-so.BZvw`|eZgvb Pjv KvR-Kvievi wbq K_v ejv hZ cvi|hgb: What's up? (A_vr Zzwg GLb ev AvRKvj wKKiQ?)evWhat's happening?

GQvov Avcbvi AbycwwZZ bZzb wK NUQ Zv RvbZPq Kbfvmkb i Kiv hZ cvi: What's new?(Zvgvi m kl `Lv nIqvi ci Zgb wKQz NUQwK?)|Avevi AbRbK bZzb Kvb NUbv Rvbvbvi BQvcKvk Ki Kbfvmkb i Kiv hZ cvi: Guess

what? (Avwg ZvgvK wKQz bZzb Lei w`Z PvwQ, ZzwgRvbZ PvI wK? Gi Di ejZ nq: "What?") GKwUD`vniY `Lv hvK: 1g Rb: Guess what? 2q Rb:


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What? 1g Rb: I just got a new job. 2q Rb:Congratulations!

wmwiqvm Kvb welq Kbfvmkb i KiZ PvBj ejvhZ cvi: Can I talk to you for a minute?evDoyou have a minute? evGot a minute?

Closing a Conversation : Kbfvmkb wKfve kl

KiZ nq|

Kbfvmkb kl nIqvi w`K Gj Ges Zv kl KiZPvBj c_g Rb ejZ cvi: It's been nice talking toyou.ev It's been great talking with you.A_ev Ireally enjoyed meeting you. ev It was nice

meeting you, Mr. Hasinul.A_ev I'm sorry, but Ihave to go now.ev I'm afraid I have to leavenow. (GLvb Im afraid Gi A_ fq cvIqvi m

mswk- bv| GwU GKwU Gckb hv evSvq: Im sorry tosay that...) A_evThanks for the information/ the

tour/your time.evThanks for taking the time totalk with me/us.

Dcii K_vi cwZ GLb AbRb eje: I'll give you


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a call.evI'll send you an e-mail.A_evWe'll sendout that information right away.ev I'll have my

secretary schedule an appointment.A_ev Couldyou send me a brochure or some more

information?evCould I contact you by e-mail/atyour office?A_ev How do I get in touch withyou?evHow can I reach/contact you?

Pjgvb Kbfvmkb Gfve kli w`K Pj Avmj K_vejv GKevi kl Kivi Rb ek wKQz Gckb eenviKiv hZ cvi: Good-byeevBye.evSee you later.ev See ya. (informal) ev Catch you later(informal) A_ev I look forward to seeing you

again.ev We'll see you on Friday.ev See younext week.A_ev Let me give you my businesscard.ev Here's my e-mail/office number.A_evLet's keep in touch by e-mail.ev We'll be intouch.A_evCall me if you have any questions.ev

E-mail me.BZvw`|Kbfvmkb kl Kivi GKwU D`vniY: 1g Rb: Well, it'sbeen nice talking to you. 2q Rb: Nice talking to


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you too.1g Rb: (I'll) see you later.2q Rb: Bye.

Questions and Expressions with Time : mgqRvbZ PvIqv I mgq Rvbvbv|

mgq RvbZ PvBj ck Kiv hZ cvi: What time isit?evWhats the time?evCould you tell me thetime, please?|

mgq Rvbvbvi Rb hme cwiwwZ nZ cvi m AbyhvqxGckbjv `qv njv: Its five oclock.(c~YNUvimgq NUv + oclock eenvi nq)ev Its half pastfive.(mvo A_half past +NUv eenvi nq) evItsquarter past five. (mvqv A_quarterpast+NUv

eenvi nq) ev Its quarter to five. (cb A_quarter to +NUv eenvi nq) evIts seventeen pastfive. (eR A_wgwbU+past+ NUv eenvi nq) evIts seventeen to five. (evRZ A_ wgwbU+ to +NUv eenvi nq) BZvw`|

1g D`vniY: 1g ew: Can you tell me the timeplease? 2q ew: Its seventeen past five.1g ew:Thanks.2q D`vniY: 1g ew: Can you tell me the


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time please? 2q ew: Sorry, I dont have awatch./Sorry, my watch isnt working.1g ew:

Thats OK.Welcoming and Bidding Farewell : mv`iAf_bv Rvbvbv Ges we`vq Rvbvbv|

KD hLb Kv_vI cuQb, ZLb m vbi hostew

ZvK mv`i Mnb Kib| mmgq hme Drmvn c`vbKvixGckb eenvi Kiv nq Zv njv: Welcome. evWelcome back! ev Welcome to XenonEnterprises. ev Welcome to Dhaka. I'm RubyDheera.ev Come in.ev It's good to meet you.(c_g `Lvi mgq) ev It's good to see you again.(c_gevi `Lv nIqvi ci Avevi `Lv nj) ev I hopeyou had a nice flight.evThanks for coming.evI'm glad you came.BZvw`| Gmgq GuestejZcvib: It's good to be here. evThanks for invitingme.

Awdm wmPyqkb AvM `Lv nqwb Ggb KvDKwelcome Kivi `ywU D`vniY `wL| 1g D`vniY: nv:


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Are you Ms Shaila? M: Yes, I am. nv: I'mPaula Ray. We talked by telephone. Welcome to

Rajshahi. It's nice to meet you in person. M:Nice meeting you too. nv: How was yourflight? M: Okay, but very long. 2q D`vniY:You must be Ms. Shaila.M: That's right.nv:It's a pleasure to meet you. I'm Naveed Hasan.

Welcome to RajTech.M:

Thank you.nv:Did you have any problem finding this place?

M:No, your directions were very clear.

KD hLb Kvb vb ZvM KiQb mmgq m vbi nvew wnme Avcwb ejZ cvib: It's been nicetalking with you.

evHave a good/nice day.

evHave a nice weekend.ev Have a nice trip.evHave fun.evKeep in touch.BZvw`| GmgqGuestejZ cvib: Nice talking to you too.evSame toyou.evI really had a good time.BZvw`|

Expressing Thanks: abev` Rvbvbv|wK K_v ej abev` RvbvZ nq? abev` Rvbvbvi RbcPwjZ Gckbjv njv: ThanksevThankyouev


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Thank you very muchev I appreciate it.Avi GiDi ejv nq: WelcomeevYoure welcomeevNot

at all.evDont mention it.evThats OK.BZvw`|abev` Rvbvbvi KqKwU D`vniY `qv njv: Thanksfor the tour. evThanks for your time. evThankyou for the nice gift. ev I appreciate yourkindness.ev I appreciate your hospitality.ev Iappreciate your lending me the car.

Apologizing :gv PvIqv|

Kvb KviY gv PvBZ nj Riix wKQz Gckb njv:I'm sorry.ev I made a mistake.evPlease accept

my apologies.evI'm sorry. I didn't mean to ...ev(I'm) sorry. I didn't realize that ...BZvw`| GgbGckbi Di f`fve ejv nq: That's okay.evNoproblem.

Describing People: ewi eYbv|

ewi kvixwiK eYbvi Rblook likeeenvi nq GesewZi eYbvi Rb be likeeenvi nq| KqKwU


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D`vniY `Lyb| kvixwiK eYbv: 1) ck: What doesyour fatherlook like?Di: He's young, short and

handsome. He has straight black hair and blackeyes. He has a moustache. 2)ck:What does yourmother look like? Di: She's tall, thin andbeautiful. She has blonde (mvbvjx Pzj) hair andwears glasses.ewZi eYbv: ck:What is Naveed

like?Di: He's funny, cute and really rich. Hereminds me of that guy on the regular MidnightTalk Show of Channel RajBangla.

GQvovI Aviv wewfbfve ewi eYbv PvIqv nZ cviGes m Abyhvqx DiI wewfb iKg nZ cvi| hgb: 1.

ck: Tell me about your father. What kind ofperson is he?Di: Well, he's very friendly,smart and intelligent. 2. ck: How about yourlittle sister? Di: Shes a pretty little creature.Everybody adores her.

ewi eYbvi mgq Zvi cvlvK, Mnbv, Pkgv BZvw`ieYbvI iZc~Y: 1. ck: What is your brotherwearing?Di: He's wearing light brown pants


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and an orange t-shirt. 2. ck: What kind of shoesdoes he have (on)? Di: Sneakers, and he's

wearing white socks.

Description of Place/Thing: e ev vbi eYbv|

e ev vbi eYbvi RbTell me about ...ev Whatdid you think of ... cvUvb eenvi KiZ cvwi| `ywU

D`vniY: 1. ck: Tell me about your newapartment. Di: Well, it's pretty small. It onlyhas two rooms and a bathroom. But it's

comfortable enough for me. 2.ck: What did youthink of the Himalayas?Di: Well, the view wasgorgeous. Of course, it took two days to get

there, and the weather was freezing!

Informal Contractions: ki msw ic|

GLvb Kej informal contraction-jvZzj aiwQhjv mPivPi eBq cvIqv hvq bv| Ze Gme

contractionKvbformalcwiek eenvi Kiv wVK bv|1. (whatcha = what are you) Whatcha going todo? (whatcha = what have you) Whatcha got


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there? 2. (ya = you) Who saw ya? 3. (ain't = am

not/are not/is not) I ain't sure. You ain't my boss.

4. (ain't = has not/have not) I ain't done it. Sheain't finished yet. 5. (gimme = give me) Gimme

your money. Can you gimme a hand? 6. (gonna

= going to) Nothing's gonna change my love foryou. What are you gonna do? 7. (gotta = (have)

got a) I've gotta gun. I gotta gun. Have you gotta

car? 8. (gotta = (have) got to) I've gotta go now.I gotta go now. 9. (kinda = kind of) She's kinda

cute. 10. (lemme = let me) Lemme go! 11.

(wanna = want to) I wanna go home. 12.(wanna = want a) I wanna coffee.

Making Suggestions: civgk`qv|Kvb ew ev `ji mvgb Kvb cve Kiv ev civgk`qvi mgq hme Gckb eenvi Kiv nq mjv njv:I think you should...evI don't think you should...ev Maybe you should...ev Why don't you...evWhy don't we...evLet's...evLet's not...BZvw`|cve ev civgkMnb Kiv nj hme Gckb eenvi Kiv


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nq mjv njv: That's a good idea.evThanks forthe advice.evGood suggestion.evSounds like a

good idea.

KqKwU D`vniY `wL: 1.1g Rb: I think you shouldbuy the blue one.2q Rb: That's a good idea. 2.1g Rb: I don't think you should sell this piece ofland.2q Rb: Thanks for the advice, but I reallyneed the money. 3.1g Rb: Let's go to the cinematonight. 2q Rb: Sorry, I can't. I'm meetingrelatives for dinner at home. 4.1g Rb: Why don'twe go cycling on Friday?2q Rb: Sounds like agood idea. Where do you want to go? 5.1g Rb:

Why don't you come with me to DinazpurKantazi Temple? 2q Rb: Thanks, but I'vealready been there.

Requesting: Abyiva Kiv|

Abyiva Rvbvbvi Rb BsiwRi meRbxb k njv-Please| GQvovI wKQz cvUvb ev Gckb eenvi Kivnq| GLvb D`vniY mbUjvZ mme GckbK


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BUvwj `Lvbv njv: Help me.evPlease help me.evWill you help me? evCould you help me? ev

Would you please help me? evWould you mindhelping me? evCould you possibly help me outhere?evWould you mind if I asked you to ...evWould you be so kind as to help me (with this)?

evCould you do me a favor?evDo you have a

minute?ev Can you spare a few minutes? evCould I ask you a favor?ev(If you're not busy) Icould use your help.BZvw`|

Kviv mvnvh PvIqvi Di nuv-evaK Di nZ cvi:Okay, no problem.evSure, I'd be glad to.A_ev

bv-evaK DiI nZ cvi: Sorry, I'm (kind of) busynow.ev I'm sorry. I don't have time right now.BZvw`|

Inviting: AvgY Rvbvbv|

KvDK Kvb KvR AvgY Rvbvbviinformal

Gckbjv njv: Would you like to...evWe'regoing to... Would you like to come along?ev


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There's a... (time). Would you like to go?evHow about (V+ing)...?evDo you want to...?evI

wonder if you would like to... ev I waswondering if you would like to... BZvw`| KvDKKvb KvR AvgY RvbvbviformalGckbjv njv:I'd like to invite you to...evIf you have time, I'dlike to invite you...evWould you like to join us

for(NUbv) at (mgq) ?evWe'd be glad to have youaccompany us...evWe'd be honored to have youas our guest at...BZvw`|

GKwU welq Aek gb ivLv hZ cvi| mwU njv-GKevi U Ki AvgYwU bv Rvwbq bxPi 1 bs

D`vniYi gZ c_g AcicK cZ Ki wbq AvgYRvbvbv fvj| Gevi KqKwU D`vniY `wL: 1) 1g Rb:Do you have time on Friday?2q Rb: Yes, I do.Why do you ask? 1g Rb: There's a concert at theTennis Complex. Would you like to go with me?

2q Rb: Sure! I'd love to. 2)1g Rb: Do you wantto go for a walk?2q Rb: No thanks. I'm kind oftired right now. 3)1g Rb: Would you like to go


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cycling this weekend?2q Rb: Sure, I'd love to.What time should we meet? 4) 1g Rb: How

would you like to play badminton tomorrow?2qRb: Sounds like a great idea. Where do you wantto go?

Offering: wKQz `qvi cve Kiv|

KvDK wKQz `qvi cve Rvbvbvi Rb eeZ wKQzinformal Gckb Gi Pnviv I eenvi `wL: 1) 1gRb: Cigarette?2q Rb: No, thank you. 2) 1g Rb:Would you like some coffee? 2q Rb: Yes,please. 3) 1g Rb: How about a glass of water?2q

Rb: Sure. Thanks. 4) 1g Rb: Here. Havea/some... 2q Rb: Okay. Thanks. 5) 1g Rb: Wouldyou like one of these?2q Rb: I really shouldn't.6) 1g Rb: Can I get you something?2q Rb: No.Thanks anyway. 7) 1g Rb: Can I get yousomething to drink? 2q Rb: Juice would be fine.8) 1g Rb: Can I get you some milk orsomething? 2q Rb: Thanks. Well, a glass of


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water would be okay. 9) 1g Rb: Would you likesome beer? 2q Rb: No thanks. I don't drink. 1g

Rb: How about a cup of coffee? 2q Rb: I'd rathernot have coffee. 1g Rb: Orange juice? 2q Rb:That would be fine. Thanks.

Kvb cve Kivi mgqformalwKQz Gckb eenvi Kivnq: Would you care for some...ev Would youlike to try...evLet me offer you...evLet me getyou a/some...BZvw`|

Asking for Favors : Kviv AbyMn PvIqv|

c_gB `iKvi nq Ab ci gbvhvM AvKlYi| Abi

gbvhvM AvKlYi Rb Riix Gckb njv: Excuseme!evPardon me!evSorry to bother you, but ...BZvw`|

Kviv AbyMn ev Kvb KvR mvnvh PvIqvi Rb eeZcvUvbI mbU Gi D`vniY `wL:Could you do mea favor?ev Can you open the door for me?evWill you hand me a pencil?evWould you turnon the air conditioner?ev Could you help me


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with these boxes? ev Would you please turndown the music?evCould you possibly give me

a ride home?evWould you mind taking a picturefor us?evWould you be so kind as to lend meyour cell phone?

AbyMn cvwZ ejZ ne: Thanks for your help.evThank you so much. ev Thanks, I really

appreciate it.

GKwU D`vniY: 1g Rb: Excuse me, could you do afavor? 2q Rb: Sure, what is it?1g Rb: Could youhelp me move these chairs? 2q Rb: Noproblem./I'd be glad to.1g Rb: Thanks a lot.

Encouraging Words: Drmvn c`vb Kiv|

Drmvn c`vb Kivi Rb wewfb Gckbeenvi Kiv hvq|KD Kvb KvR KiZ hvQb mmgq ejZ cvib: Goodluck!evGood luck on your test/job interview.ev

You can do it!ev Do your best.ev Do the bestyou can.evWork hard.Avevi Kviv fvj KvR Drmvnw`q ejv hvq: Keep up the good work.BZvw`|


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nZ cvi| GKBm m ewi Rb mge`bvI Rvbvbvnq| Ggb wKQz Gckb njv: I'm sorry (I have) to

tell you this, but ...evI hate to tell you this, but...evI don't know how to tell you this, but ...evIhave some bad news.BZvw`|

Talking about Abilities: mvg_cKvk Kiv|

Kviv mvg_m K_v ejvi Rb g~jZcan, be able to,be good atGesknow how toekx eenvi nq| Zedofvei eenvii cvUvbI AbKmgq eeZ nq|Gevi KqKwU D`vniY `wL: 1) I can swim 100meters. 2)Do you cook? Yes I do. 3) He is good

atping pong. 4) You really know how to throw aparty. 5) They are able to walk ten miles in two

hours.Aviv KqKwU D`vniY: 6) Can you play thepiano? Yes, but not very well. 7) How about the

guitar? (I can play) a little. 8) Can Naveed ride abike? No, he can't. He's too young. 9) Does Jules

speak Mandarin? Yes, she speaks very well. 10)Do you sing? Not really. I have no talent in thatarea. 11) Is Natasha good at dancing? Yes, she's


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a great dancer. 12) Can you play a musical

instrument? Yes, I play the flute. How well do

you play? So-so.Expressing Possibility: mvebv cKvk Kiv|

mvebvi K_v ejvi Rb Avgiv mvaviYZ KqKwU keenvi Ki _vwK| mjv njv: may, might, can,could, maybe, perhapsevprobablyBZvw`|

KqKwU D`vniY:1)1g Rb: We could go (and) seea movie. 2q Rb: That would be fun. Or we couldgo out for a walk by the river. 2) 1g Rb: My 80years old grandma might not make it this winter.2q Rb: That's too bad. I hope she feels bettersoon. 3) 1g Rb: I may be in next Monday.2q Rb:Well, let me know what you decide.

Expressing Likes and Dislikes : cQ` - AcQ`cKvk Kiv|

cQ`i K_v ejZ wMq like kwUi eenvi Lye cqvRbnjI like/would like GB `ywU fvKvejvwi AbKmgqMvjgj nq hvq| ZvB G`i eenvi `Lvbv njv|


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Would likeA_ AvcbvK cQ` Kivi myhvM `qv njAvcwb KvbwU eQ beb Geslike A_ mivmwi Avcwb

wK cQ` Kib|Liking Ges disliking evSvbvi Rb like kwUieenvi meP ekx nq|

Like kwUi eenvii D`vniY: ck: What kind offriend(s) do you like?Di: I like someone whois easygoing./I like a person who has talent./I

like people who are kind.

Would like Gi eenvii D`vniY: ck: What kindof person would you like to marry?Di: I wouldlike someone who has a lot of money./I like a

man/woman/person who is friendly.

Gevi cQ`-AcQ` RvbZ PvIqvi ck I Di `qviaibi Aviv KqKwU D`vniY `Lev| 1) ck: DoesNaveed like swimming?n uv-evaK Di: Yes, hedoes. 2)

ck:Does Hasinul like soft drinks?

bv-evaK Di: No, he doesn't. 3) ck: Do you likeChinese food?Di: A little.


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Gevi Avgiv ck Qvov mvaviYfve Kviv cQ`-AcQ`welq K_v ejv i Ki wKfve K_v GMvq Zv `wL: 1g

D`vniY: 1g Rb: Ms. Yeasmin doesn't like coffee.2q Rb: Really? Does she like tea?2q D`vniY: 1gRb: Naveed does not like action movies.2q Rb:Oh. What kind does he like?

Agreeing :Kviv K_vi m GKgZ nIqv evSvbv|

Kviv K_vi m GKgZ nIqv evSvbvi KqKwUGckb eenvi nq| Aek nuv-evaK K_vi m GKgZnj GKiKg, Avevi bv-evaK K_vi m GKgZ njAviKiKg cwiwwZ nq|

c_gpostive agreement Gi eenvi `wL| AvcwbKviv nuv-evaK K_vi m GKgZ nj mvRvmywR ejZcvib: I agree.evYou're right.evThat's right.evGood idea.evI think that's a good idea.

GQvov Aek so Ges took`ywU cvqBpositive

agreementGi m eenvi Kiv nq| G gb ivLyb,toomvaviYZ mbU Gi kl Ges so iZeenvi nq| Soeenvi Kij question orderev


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ckevaK cvUvbeenvi KiZ nq| GKwU D`vniY `Lyb:1g Rb: I'm in a hurry. 2q Rb: So am I./I am

too./Me too.AviKwU D`vniY: 1g Rb:I need to goto the bathroom. 2q Rb: So do I./I do too./Metoo.

Gevi Avgiv negative agreement Gi eenvi `wL|Avcwb Kviv bv-evaK K_vi m GKgZ nj Dcii gZ

soGi e`jneitherGestooGi e`jeithereenvi KiZ ne| gb ivLeb, neither eenvi nepositive verbs Gi m Ges either eenvi nenegative verbs Gi m| GKwU D`vniY `wL: 1gRb:I'm not hungry.2q Rb:Neither am I./I'm not

either.AviKwU D`vniY: 1g Rb: Tamanna doesn'tlike the rainy season. 2q Rb: Neither doesLisa./Lisa doesn't either.

Disagreeing : Kviv m GKgZ bv nIqv|

Avcwb Kviv m GKgZ bv nj mvRvmywR ejZ cvib:I disagree.evI don't think so.ev (No.) That's notright.ev Yes, but...ev (I'm sorry, but) I don't


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agree. GKwU D`vniY `wL: 1g Rb: I think BarakObama would make a great President.2q Rb: I

disagree./I don't think so.Abi gZi m wgZ cvlY Kivi mgq wecixZ gZwUIDj-L KiZ cvwi| G Awwjqvix fve Gi eenviKiv nq| GKwU D`vniY `wL: 1g Rb: I don't likechocolate ice cream. 2q Rb:Well, I do.

Abi m wgZ cKvk Kivi Aviv KqKwU D`vniY`wL: I'm afraid I have to disagree with you.evDon't get me wrong, I just thinkwe should look

at some other options before making a decision. evEven so, if we change courses this late, we

might notget a good grade.evVery true, butwestill need to get the garden in shape before

arranging the function.

Asking for and Giving Permission : AbygwZPvIqv Ges AbygwZ `Iqv|

AbygwZ PvIqvi Rb Avgv`iK Mvgvii mvnvh wbZ nq|Gcan, mayevcould Gi eenvi nq ekx| hgb:


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Can I ask you a question?evMay I have a pieceof cake?evCould I get your permission to go to

the new site?GQvov KqKwU wekl Gckb eenvi KiI AbygwZPvIqv nq| GLvb Gckbjv BUvwj `Lvbv njv:1)Do you mind ifI smoke? 2) Would you mind if

I asked you something? 3)Is it okay ifI sit here?

4) Would it be all right if I borrowed your lawnmower?

AbygwZ `qvi mgq Avgiv Lye mvaviY wZbwU k ev dReenvi KiZ cvwi: Sure. ev Go ahead. ev Noproblem.

Asking for and Giving Advice : Dc`k PvIqvGes Dc`k `Iqv|

Dc`k PvIqvi Rb wKQz cvZwnK ck njv: What doyou think I should do?evWhat do you suggest?

evWhat would you do (in this situation)?

BZvw`|Dc`k `qvi Rb wKQz cqvRbxq mbU cvUvbieenvi GLvb `Lvbv nQ| Gme cvUvbshould ev


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ought toev had betterev conditional Gi eenviKiv nq| hgb: I think you shouldget a lawyer.ev

Maybe you should try some other place.evWhydon't you call the police? evIf I were you, Iwould tell her.evI don't think you shouldworkso hard.evYou ought to work less.evYou oughtnot to work so hard. evIf I were you, I'd work

less.evIf I were in your position, I'dwork less.evIf I were in your shoes, I'dwork less.evYouhad better work less. ev You shouldn't work sohard.evWhatever you do, don't work so hard.

Asking for Directions : Kvb c_ hZ ne Zv

RvbZ PvIqv|APbv RvqMvq wbw` Kvb RvqMvq hvIqvi Rb Avgivmemgq KvDK bv KvDK wRm Kwi| Kvb c_ hZne Zv RvbZ PvIqvi Rb wewfb ck Kiv hvq: Whereis (the)...?

evHow do you get to (the)...(from

here)?evHow do I get to (the)...?evCan you tellme how to get to (the)...?ev Can you give me


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directions to (the)...? ev What's the best way toget to (the)...?

KqKwU D`vniY `wL: 1. ck: Excuse me. Is there agrocery store around here? Di: Yeah. There'sone right across the street. 2. ck: Can you tellme how to get to Natashas Herbal?Di: Sorry.I don't live around here. 3. ck: Where's Eureka

Book Store? Di: It's on the corner ofSonadighir Morh. Next to the mosque. 4. ck:How do you get to the bank? Di: Go straightdown this street for two blocks. Turn left when

you get to Freedom Street. Stay on Freedom for

half a block. It's on the left hand side.Giving Directions : Kvb c_ hZ ne Zv evZj`qv|

hLb KD Avgv`iK wRm Ki: Can you tell mehow to get to (the)...? ev fvB/Avcy, AgyK RvqMvqhZ nj Kvb c_ hvev?| ZLb Avgiv Zv`iK c_UvevZj w`B| w`K evZj `qvi mgq eeZ wKQz iZc~Y


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fvKvejvwi njv: opposite, near, next to, between,at the end (of), on/at the corner, behind, in front

of, (just) around the corner, traffic lights,crossroads, junction, signpost, Go straight on

(until you come to...), Turn back./Go back., Turn

left/right, Go along..., Cross..., Take thefirst/second road on the left/right, It's on the

left/right., straight onBZvw`|

GLvb c_ wPwbq `qvi GKwU D`vniY `wL: (First,) godown this street (for... blocks). (Then,) turn

left/right at the traffic light. (After that,) go

straight on... Street until you get to the... (When

you get to the...,) turn left/right again. (Then,)

stay on... Street for about... yards/meters. It's onyour left, next to the.... You can't miss it!

Talking about Travel: hvZvqvZ ev gb welq K_vejv|

hvZvqvZ welq K_v ejvi Rb cqvRbxq wKQz Gckbnjv: How do you (usually) get to work/school?ev How long does it take (to get there)? ev It


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takes about ... minutes/hours.evWhat's the bestway to get to ...?evBy train/bus.evDo you take

public transportation?evI walk or ride my bike.evI usually take the subway.BZvw`|

Avgiv KqKwU D`vniY `wL| 1.ck: How do you getto work?Di: I usually drive my car./I usuallygo by rickshaw. 2.ck: How long does it take?

Di: It takes half an hour. 3.ck: How often doyou ride the bus?Di: Once in a while. 4.ck:Do you ever walk to work?Di:No, that wouldtake forever. 5. ck: How are you going to getthere? Di: By bus./On foot. 6.ck: Why don't

you fly?Di: Airplane tickets are too expensive.Talking about Life Events: Rxebi UzKiv K_v|

Avgv`iK cvqB wbR`i RbZvwiL, Rbvb, jLvcov,weq-_v ev evev-gv m K_v ejZ nq| Gmei Rb h

wbw` Gckb AvQ Zv bq| Ze ek wKQz cPwjZ ckeenvi nq _vK| hgb: 1. ck: When is yourbirthday? Di: December 20(th). ck: What


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year?Di: That's personal. 2. ck: Were youborn and raised here?Di: No. I wasn't. 3.ck:

Did Natasha grow up here?Di: Yes, she did. 4.ck: Where did Lisa go to school? Di: InMymensing Girls Cadet College. 5.ck: Whichuniversity did Rita go to? Di: DreamUniversity of Bangladesh. 6.ck: When will she

graduate?Di:Next April. 7.ck: When did theyget married?Di: They got married in June. 8.ck: When was your son born?Di: Two monthsago. 9. ck: What day is your weddinganniversary?Di: It's July 17th. 10.ck: Whendid they move to Pittsburgh?

Di:Last

September. 11. ck: When did his grandfatherpass away/die?Di: Five years ago.

Talking about Health : Avgv`i v m K_vejv|

c_g Avgiv kvixwiK Amyweav cKvki wKQz BsiwR k evfvKvejvwi `wL: Ive got diarrhoea / flu / foodpoisoning / a fever / a cold / a sore throat etc. My


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nose is runny. / Ive got a runny nose (mw jvMjrunny nose kQ eenvi nq) / I cant stop

sneezing. / I keep going to the toilet.Gevi cvZwnK Rxeb v welq wKQz K_vi D`vniY `LvhvK: 1)1g Rb: How do you feel?2q Rb: I'm fine.1g Rb: That's good. 2) 1g Rb: How are youfeeling? 2q Rb: Not too good. 1g Rb: Sorry to

hear that. 3)1g Rb: Is everything okay?2q Rb: Ifeel sick. 4) 1g Rb: That's too bad. 5) 1g Rb:What's wrong?2q Rb: I have a headache.1g Rb:Here's some aspirin. 6) 1g Rb: What's thematter? 2q Rb: My leg hurts.1g Rb: Let me help

you. 7)1g Rb: Are you all right?2q Rb: I cut myhand.1g Rb: That looks serious. 8)1g Rb: Whathappened? 2q Rb: He broke his arm.1g Rb: Callthe ambulance! 10) 1g Rb: How are you feelingtoday?2q Rb:Not very good. I have a headache.

1g Rb: That's too bad. 11)1g Rb: How do youfeel today? 2q Rb: Great. How about you? 1gRb: Pretty good.


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Buying and Selling: q weq|

Kvb wKQz Kbv ePvi KqKwU NUbv NU| ZvwKQz RvbZ Pvq, weZvI wKQz RvbZ Pvq Ges DfqB mAbyhvqx respondKi| Avevi `vKvb XvKvi mgq hvNU, ei nIqvi mgq wfb wKQz NU| GiKg wKQzcwiwwZZ mPivPi eeZ Gckb Zzj aiv nQ|

Zv `vKvb XvKvi ci ZvK `L weZv ev mjmGwmmUvU hv ejeb: May I help you?evCan I helpyou?evCan I help you find something?evWhatcan I do for you? Gmgq weZv ev mjm GwmmUvUGi cki Di Zv ejZ cvib: Yes. I'm lookingfor... ev Do you have any...(s)?ev Can you tellme where the... is/are?

Avevi Zv `vKvb XvKvi ci hw` mB ZvB c_gweZv ev mjm GwmmUvU Gi m K_v ej ZvnjejZ cvib: Excuse me. Do you work here?evCan you help me?evCan I ask you something?

GQvov `vg Rvbv I Zvcwikva Kivi Rb Zv weZvhfveK_v ejZ cvib Zv njv: Zv: How much is


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this sweater?/are these sandals?weZv: It's ... tkonly./They're... taka.Zv: Heres a five hundred

taka note.weZv: Heres your change.Zv:Thanks.weZv: Youre welcome.

Zv hLb `vKvb _K ei nq hvQ mmgq weZv evmjm GwmmUvU ejZ cvib: Did you findeverything you needed?ev Did you find what

you were looking for? ev Did you findeverything okay?evWill that be all (for today)?evIs that everything?ev(Will there be) anythingelse?

Zv hLb `vKvb _K ei nq hvQ mmgq weZv ev

mjm GwmmUvU Gi cki Di Zv ejZ cvib:That's all for today.evThat's it. Thanks.

mekl GKwU D`vniY `wL| GLvb Zv Avmj wKQzwKbe bv, Kej N~iwdi `LQ| mjm GwmmUvU: Isthere something I can help you with? ev Can I

help you find something?Zv: No, I'm justbrowsing./No, thanks. Ill try another day. mjmGwmmUvU: Thanks anyway. Ok.


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Making Plans with Someone for the Holiday:QzwUi mgqi Rb ezi m mgq KvUvbvi cwiKbv|

Ab KvDK m wbq hw` mgq KvUvbvi cwiKbv KiZPvb Zvnj m ew AvcbvK mgq w`Z cvie wKbv Zvc_g Rb wbZ ne| GRb c_g hme ck Kiv hZcvi Zv njv: Are you free this Friday?ev Whatare you doing this weekend?ev Are you busytonight?evDo you have time after class?Avevi Ab KD hw` AvcbvK Agb ck Ki Ges Avcwbhw` mgq w`Z cvib Ges mB ewK Avcwb mgq w`ZAvMnx nb Zvnj ejeb: Sure! Do you want to dosomething?evI'm free all weekend.evI'm openthis evening.evI don't have anything scheduled.

Abew hw` wd _vKb Ges AvcbvK mgq w`Z Pvb,Ze GLb GKwU NUbv NUe| Abc nuv-evaK Diw`j Avcwb cveKvix nj GLb wbw` Kvb GwwfwUicve w`Z ne: Do you want to (wanna) go to amovie?evHow about having dinner together?evThere's a concert at the Medical College


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Auditorium. Want to go?ev Why don't we gowalking by the riverside? G cvweZ KvRi

evcvi Ab ewi Kvb AgZ bv _vKj AbRb ejZcvib: Sounds good.evGood idea.evThat wouldbe fun/great.evWhen/where should we meet?

KD hw` AvcbvK ck Ki h Avcwb wd AvQb wKbv;wK Avcwb hw` ZvK mgq w`Z bv cvib ev ZvK mgq

w`Z bv Pvb Zvnj ejeb: Sorry, I have plans thisweekend.evI'm going to... with (my friends).evUnfortunately not. I have something else

scheduled. ev Not really. (I'm kind of busytonight.)

Avevi GgbI nZ cvi h Avcbvi BQ nQ ZvK mgq`qvi wK Kvb KviY cviQb bv, m weK cveev mgq `qvi Rb Ggb K_v ejv hZ cvi: I'm notfree on Friday, but I do have time Saturday.evI'm going to be out of town, but I'll be back next

weekend.ev I have something planned. Howabout tomorrow?ev I'm busy today. How aboutsome other time?


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Asking for Repetition : cybivq ejZ ej AbyivaKiv|

eve Rxeb cvqB Ggb NU h Ab ci K_vwU KvbKviY GKevi cwivi evSv hvqwb| mmgq AvgivAbRbK K_vwU Avevi ejZ ewj| G BsiwRZKqKwU Gckb eenvi nq: Excuse me? (cki gZi ejZ ne)evPardon?(GLvbpardon Gi A_: Icouldnt understand. Please say it again.) evWhat did you say (your name was)?evDid yousay... ?evCan you repeat that?evCould you saythat again please? ev What was that again?evSorry, I didn't catch that.evCould you speak up

please?evCould you speak a little louder?GKwU D`vniY: 1g Rb: What did you say yourname was? 2q Rb: Runa Islam. 1g Rb: Did yousay Rina or Runa?2q Rb: Runa, like the famoussinger.AviKwU D`vniY: 1g Rb: Can you give mea camera film?2q Rb: How many exposures?1gRb:Pardon?2q Rb: How many photographs?1gRb: I see. 36, please.


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Using Rejoinders : cZ yi Ki gbvhvM AvKlYKvixK_vUzKzi evcvi AvMn cKvk Kiv|

K_v ejvi mgq Abi K_vi h K_vwU AvcbvK AvKlYKiQ ev gbvhvMx KiQ m welq `Z cZ yi w`Z nq|Zvnj fvei Av`vbc`vb fvj nq| Gme Gckb KLbvAWfveev Kvb dR ev Kvqb UvM Gi gZ wKQz nq|AvMn cKvki Rb eenvi nIqv mvaviY Gckbjv

njv: (Oh) Really?evThat's interesting.evIs thatright?

KqKwU D`vniY `Lyb: 1g D`vniY: 1g Rb:I just gota new job. 2q Rb: Oh really? That's great! 2qD`vniY: 1g Rb:I lost my wallet yesterday.2q Rb:Oh really? That's too bad.

GQvovauxiliary verbGi mvnvh wbqreinforcementtag K cki cvUvbeenvi Ki wbR AveM cKvk Kivhvq| Gfve wKfve cZzi w`q Abi K_vi m Zvj

ivLv nq Zvi D`vniY `Lyb: 1g Rb: I just bought a

new car.2q Rb:You did?AviKwU D`vniY: 1g Rb:I'm going to Dhaka. 2q Rb:You are?


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Giving Warnings :mZKevYx Rvbvbv|

KvDK mZKKivi Rb wKsev GUv Kij IUv ne ev GUvbv Kij IUv ne, Ggb me mZKevYx Rvbvbvi RbKqK aibi mbU cvUvb eenvi Kiv nq| GgbKqKwU cvUvb GLvb Zzj aiv njv: 1) Don't (GUvKiv bv), or you might / will (Kij IUv NUe|) 2)Watch out! Be Careful (mvaviY mveavb evYx| `yNUbvNUZ cvi ZvB gyZi ga mveavb nZ ejvi Rbeenvi Kiv nq|) 3) Work hard (GUv Kiv),otherwise you'll (bqZ IUv NUe|)

KqKwU D`vniY:Don'tpush so hard on that toy, oryou might/will break it!

A_evWatch out!/Be

careful! The truck is heading towards us!A_evWork hard, otherwise you'll fail your exam.

Sequencing :NUbvi cviheYbv|

NUbvi avivevwnKZv eYbvi Rb Lye mvaviY wKQz kieenvi cqvRb nq: First, Second, Third, First ofall, To begin with, Then, Later, Next, Finally,


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Last, Lastly, In the end,BZvw` k ev dR| GB mek ev dR Lye mvaviY njI Lye iZc~Y|

Asking for and Giving Opinions :gZvgZ PvIqvGes gZvgZ `qv|

Abi gZvgZ RvbZ PvIqvi mgq mPivPi wKQz ck Kivnq| mivmwi gZvgZ RvbZ ck Kiv hZ cvi: What

do you think? evWhat's your opinion?evWhatare your ideas?evDo you have any thoughts onthat?evHow do you feel about that?evWhy doyou think that?

Avevi, Abi gZvgZwUi c hyw bZ PvBj ev mwUi

wek` eYbv bZ PvBj Avgiv wKQz ck KiZ cvwi|Zgb KqKwU ck njv: Could you elaborate? evCould you give (me) an example?ev Can youillustrate that?evWhat evidence do you have?evCould you explain it in more detail?ev Couldyou provide some details?

evI don't quite follow

you. ev I didn't get what you meant by... evCould you clarify that? BZvw`|


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Avcwb hLb Avcbvi gZvgZwU RvbvZ PvQb mmgqhme Gckb eenvi Kiv nq Zv GLb D`vniY

mbUjvZ BUvwj `Lvbv njv: I think weshould get a new car.evI don't think we needone. ev I believe (that) smoking should beoutlawed.evI don't believe (that) it should beillegal.evIn my opinion, Gone with the Breeze is

the best movie ever made.evI feel that it's theright thing to do. evI don't feel that it's such agood idea.

Stating a Negative Subject : bwZevPK Kvb K_vwKfve ejZ ne|

bwZevPK Kvb K_v ejv wKfve i KiZ ne? KvDKKvb gbvK`vqK K_v ejv ev Zvi gb:cyZ bvI nZ cviGgb Kvb K_v ejvi iZB wKQz Gckb eenvi Kivhvq| hgb: Im afraid... (GLvb Gi A_ Avwg fqcvwQ, Zv bv| eis Gi A_ AbKUv Ggb: Avgvi ejZ

K nQ h...)evI don't mean to be rude, but...evIhate to tell you this, but...evI don't know how totell you this, but...evYou might not like what I


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have to say, but... ev I wish I didn't have to tellyou this, but... evThis may be unpleasant, but...

evThis may seem blunt, but...BZvw`|Accepting and Refusing : Kviv Advi ev cveMnb A_ev cZvLvb Kiv|

Kviv Advi ev cve wKfve Mnb KiZ ne A_ev

cZvLvb Kiv hZ cvi Zv wewfb cwiwwZZ wewfb iKgnZ cvi| Ze gwjK welqjv GKB| GLvb KqKwUD`vniY `qv njv:

1g D`vniY: Advi ev cve: Would you like somecake? cve Mnbi Di: Yes, please.ev Sure.

Thanks.ev Okay. Thank you. cve cZvLvbiDi: No, thank you.evI'd better not.evNo, butthanks for offering.

2q D`vniY: Advi ev cve: Would you like to gosee a movie? cve Mnbi Di: Okay. Sounds

good. ev Sure. I'd love to.ev Yeah. Good idea.cve cZvLvbi Di: No, I'd rather not.ev I'm


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sorry, but I can't.evNo, but thanks for invitingme.

3q D`vniY: Advi ev cve: How about visitingZaflong this weekend? cve Mnbi Di: Great.What time? ev Sounds like fun.ev All right.When and where? cve cZvLvbi Di: Sorry.I'm busy this weekend.evI don't think I can. evHow about some other time?

Classifying :ew ev eikYxwebvm Kiv|

BsiwRZ ew ev eK kYxweb Kivi Rb kinds,types, categorieskjv eenvi Kiv nq| G`i

D`vniY `qv njv: 1) There are three kinds ofreading sub-skills. 2) There are two types ofloaves in that shop. 3) There are three categories

ofstudents in this class.

GQvovdivide into, be broken down intodRjvI

eenvi Kiv nq| hgb: 1) We can divide this intofour parts: elementary, pre-intermediate,intermediate and advanced. 2) Reading skill can


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be broken down into three categories. They are:

skimming, scanning and guessing.

Elaborating :wek`fve wKQz Lyj ejvi Pv|`ywU cwiwwZ nZ cvi| wbR Kvb welq wek` Lyj ejZcvwi A_ev AbRbK Zv KiZ Abyiva KiZ cvwi| Kvbwelq Ab Kviv KvQ wek` eYbv bZ PvBj Avgiv wKQzck KiZ cvwi| hgb: Could you elaborate (onthat)?evCould you tell me a little more about it?ev Could you give (me) some details?ev Couldyou fill me in on that?evCould you expound onthat?evWhat else can you tell us (about that)?evIs there anything else you can tell us?evIs there

more to it?BZvw`|Avevi wbR hw` Kvb wKQz wek`fve ejZ PvB ZvnjwKQz Gckb eenvi Ki eYbvwU i KiZ cvwi|hgb: To elaborate, ...ev To give you moreinformation, ... ev Let me explain.ev Let meelaborate.evLet me tell you a little more (aboutit).ev Let me give you some details.ev What'smore, ...BZvw`|


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Clarifying :ee cwivi Ki evSvbv|

wbRi K_v cwivi Ki eywSq `qvi Rb Avgiv cvqBwKQz Gckb ev mbU cvUvbeenvi Kwi| hgb: Inother words,...evWhat I mean is...evWhat I'mtrying to say is...evWhat I wanted to say was...evTo clarify,...BZvw`|

KLbv KLbv Kvb welq fvjfve eySZ bv cvij K_vwUAviKUz cwivi Ki eywSq `qvi Rb Abyiva Kwi|m wKQz ck Kiv hZ cvi: What do you mean(by...)? ev What are you trying to say?ev Whatwas that again?evCould you clarify that?

Avgiv AbKmgq Abi K_vK wbR ej eywSq w`BwKsev K_vwU Avwg wVK eySwQ wKbv Zv ciL Ki wbB|m Abi K_v cwivi eySwQ wKbv Zv ciLi RbIwKQz Gckb eenvi Kiv nq| hgb: You mean ...evWhat you mean is ...evWhat you're saying is ...

ev(I think) what she means is ...

evWhat he's

trying to say is ...evIf I understand you, (you'resaying that ... )evIf I'm hearing you correctly,ev


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So, you think (that) ...ev So, your idea is ...BZvw`|

Interrupting :Abi K_vi gvS Kkj K_v ejv|

AvjvPbv wKsev mvaviY Kbfvmkbi mgq AbKmgqAvgv`iK cqvRb whwb K_v ejQb ZvK _vwgq w`qwbR^ Kvb K_v ejZ nq| Gme cwiwwZZ fveZB

Abi K_vi gvS K_v ejZ Mj AekB Zv nZ nqf`vwPZ A_P `p| G BsiwRZ ek wKQz Gckbeenvi Kiv nq| hgb: Excuse me,...ev Pardonme,...evSorry to interrupt,...evMay I interrupt(for a minute)?evCan I add something here?evIdon't mean to intrude, but ...evDo you mind if Ijump in here?BZvw`|

K_vi gvS evav cvIqvi ci Avevi c~ei K_vq wdihvIqvi Rb Gevi wKQz Kkjx K_v ejZ nq| g~j K_vZgbvhvM AvKlYi Rb ejZ nq: Anyway,... evNow, where was I?

evWhere were we?

evWhat

were you saying?evYou were saying...evTo getback to...BZvw`|


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Giving Instructions : wKfve wb`k PvBeb Ges`eb|

BsiwRZ wKfve wb`k PvBeb? Kvb welq Abi KvQ_K wb`k PvBZ nj Avgiv ek wKQz ck Ki _vwK|hgb: How do you (do this)? evHow do I... ?evWhat is the best way to...?evHow do I go aboutit? ev What do you suggest?ev How do yousuggest I proceed?evWhat is the first step?AbK wKfve wb`k `eb? avivevwnKfve GKwUi ciAviKwU KvR KiZ ejj Avcwb wKQz k eenvi KiZcvib: First, (you) ...ev Then, (you) ...evNext,(you) ...evLastly, (you) ...BZvw`|

wKfve KvRwU i KiZ ne m welq ejZ wMq hmeGckb eenvi KiZ cvib mjv njv: Beforeyou begin, (you should ...)evThe first thing youdo is ...evI would start by ...evThe best place tobegin is ...

evTo begin with, ...

BZvw`|

Gici KvRwU wKfve GwMq wbq hve Zv evSvbvi Rbwb`k `qvi mgq eenvi KiZ cvib: After that,ev


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The next step is to ... evThe next thing you do is...evOnce you've done that, then ...evWhen you

finish that, then ...BZvw`|KvRwU wKfve kl Kie ev kl cv Kgb ne Zviwb`k `qvi Rb eenvi KiZ cvib: The last step is...evThe last thing you do is ...evIn the end,evWhen you've finished,... ev When you'vecompleted all the steps, ...BZvw`|Discussing Sensitive Topics :kKvZi welq wbqK_v ejv

Kviv m wekl Kvb welq ev Kvb kKvZi welq wbq

K_v ejZ PvBj Avgiv wKQz mbU eenvi KiZ cvwi|Gme AbygwZm~PK ev mvaviY mbU bjB AbcgvbwmKfve cZ nq hvq| Ggb wKQz mbU njv:Can I talk to you for a minute?evCan I ask yousomething? ev Do you mind if I ask yousomething?

evI need to talk to you for a minute.

ev I have to tell you something. ev There'ssomething I need to tell you. ev There's


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something I think you should know.evWe needto talk.

Indirect Requests and Information Exchange: civ Abyiva Rvbvbv ev civ gvag Z_ `qv-bqv|

ZZxq ci gvag KvDK Abyiva RvbvZ PvBj

Avgv`iK `yGKwU cvUvbgb ivLZ ne| GLvb ZgbwZbwU mbU Gi D`vniY `qv njv: 1)Please tellNatasha to clean the toilet. 2) Could you tellNaveed to call me? 3) Tell him not to do thatagain.

ZZxq ci gvag Ab KvDK Kvb Z_ RvbvbviRbI Avgv`iK `yGKwU cvUvbgb ivLZ ne| GgbwZbwU mbU Gi D`vniY `qv njv: 1) Can you tellthem (that) the meeting starts at nine?2)Pleasetell Ms Yeasmin (that) I will be late.

ZZxq ci gvag Abi KvQ _K Z_ PvIqvi mgqYes or NocvUvbi cki cqvRb nj Kgb NUbv NUZv `Lyb| Gme GKwU iZc~Y Mvgvi KvR Ki|


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mwU njv: Avwg Avmj h ckwU KiZ PvB mwUif/whetherw`q i ne| 1)Ask Paula if she is

coming to the picnic. 2)Could you ask them ifthey did the homework? 3) Please ask herwhethershe finished the assignment.

ZZxq ci gvag Abi KvQ _K Z_ PvIqvi mgqDy ck Kivi cqvRb nj Kgb NUbv NU Zv `Lyb:

1)Ask Rifat whathe is doing. 2)Please ask herwhen she will be here. 3) Would you ask himwhat he wants? 4)Will you ask the shopkeeperhow much it costs?Gme GKwU iZc~Y MvgviKvR Ki| mwU njv- Avwg Avmj h g~j ckwU KiZPvB mwUinterrogativecvUvb_vKe bv|

Supporting Your Opinions : wbR gZvgZi cK_v ejv|

wbR gZvgZi c K_v ejZ wMq gZvgZ `qvi iZwKQz Gckb eenvi Kiv hvq| wbRi K_vi eYbv,

cvmwK D`vniY, weeiY ev mviK_vic~eGme Gckbeenvi KiZ nq| cwZwU Gckbi ci GKUz weiwZ(wjwLZ BsiwRZ Kgv) wbZ nq| Gici g~j K_vwU


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ejZ nq| Gckbjv njv: Let me illustrate,evFor example,evFor instance,evTo give

you an example, ev Let me give you anexample,evTo elaborate, First, (second), etc.BZvw`|

GKwU D`vniY `wL: For example, Raz Shahi Bankuses the type of ATM card Im proposing. Their

clients have been using these cards withsatisfaction.

Exploring Options :Abi gZvgZ LuvRv Ges kcve ev cwiKbvi mveZvi Rb gZvgZ bIqv|

Kvb welq Abi gZvgZ wK Zv Rvbvi Rb wKQz ck Quyo`qv hvq: What do you think (about )?evHowdo you feel (about )?ev Any ideas?ev Whatare the alternatives?

k cvei ev cwiKbvi mveZv evSvi Rb gZvgZ

hvPvB KiZ wMq wKQz cveg~jK K_v ejv nq: Let'slook at Option 1. evWhat (do you think) aboutPlan B?ev How about the third alternative?ev


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Let's consider Ms Ismat's proposal.BZvw`|

gZvgZ hvPvB KiZ wMq AvjvPbvK Aviv GwMq bqviRb Aveviv cveg~jK K_v ejv hvq: Let's move on toOption 2.evWhat about Plan C?evLet's look atthe fourth choice.evHow about Masud's idea?evShould we move on to the next point?evBeforewe move on, we need to consider...BZvw`|

Contrasting Ideas :wKfve BsiwRZ wecixZ eeZzj aieb|

GKwU eei cvkvcvwk Zvi wecixZ ee Zzj aiviRb g~jZ KqKwU k ev dR eenvi Kiv nq: but, in

spite of, despite, though/although, howeverBZvw`|

GLvb D`vniY sentence Gi ci evKU evsjvqsentenceGi MobwU Zzj aiv njv| 1)I'd really liketo come to the film, butI have to study tonight.

(g~j ee, butwecixZ ee) 2) They continued ontheir journey, inspite of the pouring rain. (g~jee, in spite ofwecixZ eeA_ev in spite of


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wecixZ ee,g~j ee) 3) They continued on theirjourney, despite the pouring rain. (g~j ee,

despitewecixZ eeA_evDespitewecixZ ee,g~jee) 4) We wanted to drivethe motor bike fast,although we knew that driving fast can be

dangerous.(g~j ee, althoughwecixZ eeA_evAlthough wecixZ ee, g~j ee) 5) Getting a

good job is hard work; however, most peopleeventually find one with patience. (g~j ee;however,wecixZ ee)

Discussion Techniques : AvjvPbv cwiPvjbvKkj|

wKfve AvjvPbvi m~cvZ Kieb? BsiwRZ fvemwjZek wKQy Gckb AvQ hvi gvag AvjvPbvi m~cvZNUvbv nq| hgb: To begin with,ev We need todiscuss ... ev We need to determine ... ev Weneed to find out ...

evLet's start by (+V ing)

evWe'll start by (+V ing)evThe problem here is....BZvw`|


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g~j welqwU wKfve Zzj aieb? g~j welqwU Zzj aiviRb wKQz mbU cvUvb eenvi Kiv nq: The

important thing (here) is ... evThe main thingwe need to discuss is ...evLet's look at ...evItlooks like ...evIt appears that ...BZvw`|

AvjvwPZ welq m wKfve gZvgZ RvbZ PvBeb?AvjvwPZ welq m gZvgZ PvIqvi Rb ck Kiv hZ

cvi:What do you think?evHow about you?evHow do you feel about that?ev Any ideas onthat?BZvw`|

gZvgZ Ìqvi mgq wKfve Zv Rvbveb? hLb gZvgZPvIqv nQ mmgq gZvgZ Ìqvi Rb wKQz Gckb evcvUvb AvgvìK mvnvh KiZ cvi: (That soundslike a) good idea. ev Sounds good. ev Theproblem with that is ...evThat raises the issue of...evThat brings up the issue of ...BZvw`|

Discussions in a Meeting : wgwUsq AvjvPbv Kiv|wgwUs i Kivi mgq ejv hZ cvi: Let's get started.


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ev We need to discuss ...ev We need to talkabout ... BZvw`|

wgwUsqi GRv welq K_v ejvi Rb wKQz Gckbeenvi KiZ cvib: The first thing we need todiscuss is ...evThe first item on the agenda is ...ev The first thing on the list is ...ev First, weneed to talk about ...BZvw`|

gZvgZ PvIqv I `qvi Rb wK ejv hZ cvi GesAvjvPbvK wKfve GwMq wbq hvIqv hvq m evcvihme Gckb Avgv`iK mvnvh Ki Zv cvebExploring OptionsAsk|

AvjvPbvK cqvRb _vgvbvi Rb ejZ cvib:Before we move on, I think we should...evWaita minute. We haven't discussed...ev Don't youthink we need to...evNot so fast. We haven't(yet)...BZvw`|

Kviv gZvgZwU Ki evLv Kivi Rb hme K_v ejvhZ cvi Zv Asking for and Giving Opinions


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Ask cvIqv hve| GQvov cve ev civgkwKfve RvbvZnq Zv `Lv hveMaking SuggestionsAsk|

Kvb welq HKgZ hvPvBqi Rb ck Kiv hZ cvi:Do we all agree (on that)?ev Does everyoneagree?

mekl ck Avm wgwUs kl Kivi| wgwUs cwiPvjbvKvixev mfvcwZ Gmgq wgwUs Gi mgvw NvlYv Kivi RbejZ cvib: That's all for today.evThat's it then.(informal Gckb)evThe meeting is adjourned.(very formal Gckb)BZvw`|

Paraphrasing: Abi eei mvivsk Zzj aiv|

Avmj AbKmgq Avgiv Abi K_vi g~j K_vUzKz Zzjawi Ges Zvi mvgbB wbwZ nq wbB h wZwb hv ejZPvQb Zv Avgiv eySwQ| G mgq Avgiv wewfb Gckbeenvi KiZ cvwi| hgb:1) So... 2)So, what youmean is... 3) Let me see if I understand you

correctly... 4) What I think you're saying is... 5)If I'm hearing you correctly... 6) In other words

...BZvw`|


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Guessing :Abygvb cKvk Ki K_v ejv|

eveRxeb Avgv`iK AbKmgq Abygvb Ki K_v ejZnq| Avgiv evsjvq ewj- Avgvi gb nQ... ev Ggb nZcvi h... ev evanq... ev wVK wbwZ bv, Ze gbnq... BZvw` Gckb| GiKg wKQz BsiwR Gckbnjv: I'd say...evIt might...ev...could be...evItlooks like...evPerhapsevMaybeevIt's difficult tosay, but I'd guess thatevI'm not really sure, butI think...BZvw`|

GLb Avgiv KqKwU D`vniY `wL| D`vniY BUvwj`Lvbv AskUzKz Abygvb fvewU cKvk KiQ: I'd sayhe's about ready to quite his job.

evIt mightneed

some maintenance. ev He could be in the nextroom.ev It looks like a miniature palace.evPerhaps he needs some time for his family. evMaybe the grandsons want to come and visit this

summer.evIt's difficult to say, butI'd guess thatit's used for cleaning clothes.evI'm not reallysure, but I thinkthey enjoy playing cricket in theschool field.


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Stating a Preference : Kvb wekl AbyivM evAwfiwP cKvk Kiv|

KD hLb Kvb cve Ki ev Kvb wKQz Advi Ki wKsevKvb wbw` welq gZvgZ RvbZ Pvq, ZLb Avgv`i DwPrf`fve wbR AwfiwP Rvbvbv| Aek mivmwi gZvgZRvbZ PvBj Zv mivmwi Rvbvbv hZ cvi| ZeAbKmgq hv cve Kiv nqQ ev hv Advi Kiv nqQ

Avcwb nqZ Zv Zgb cQ` KiQb bv| m AekBKkj wbR cQ` RvbvZ ne| Zgb wKQz KkjxGckb njv: I'd rather... How does that sound?evWell, I'd prefer ... What do you think?evIf itwere up to me, I'd ...ev I think we should ...ev

Why don't we ...ev Let's ...ev How about ...BZvw`|

KqKwU D`vniY `wL: 1g D`vniY: cve: Would youlike to see a film this evening?Di:I'd rathergoshopping.How does that sound?2q D`vniY: cve:Why don't we have some Chinese food?Di:Well, I'd prefer eating Italian. What do you

think?3q D`vniY: gZvgZ RvbZ ck: What do you


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think we should do?Di:If it were up to me, I'dgo out for a walk by the river. 4_D`vniY: gZvgZ

RvbZ ck: What are we going to do today? Theweather is awful!Di: I think we should playLudo.evWhy don'twe play Ludo?evLet's playLudo.evHow aboutplaying Ludo.

Saying 'No' Nicelytf`fve bv ejZ wkwL|

AbK mgq Avgv`iK bv ejZ nq| KD Kvb mvRkbw`j, wKQz Advi Kij ev wKQz KiZ ejj, wK AvcwbnqZ PvQb Ab wKQz| Ggb me `p wK f`fvebv ejvi PPv Kiv GKv cqvRb, bvnj Abyiva XuwKwMjZ nq| GRb Avgiv wKQz Gckb eenvi Kwi|hgb: 1) I'm afraid I can't (+verb) (GLvb I'mafraidGi A_fq cvIqv bv| Gi A_: Avwg GUv ejviRb `y:wLZ h...) 2) I don't particularly like(+verb-ing) 3) I'd rather not (+verb) 4) It's notmy idea of (+verb-ing) 5) I'm not (really) fond

of (+verb-ing) 6) Thank you (thank you forasking, thank you very muchBZvw`) but, I haveto (+verb)BZvw`|


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KqKwU D`vniY `wL: 1g D`vniY: cve: Would youlike to see a film tonight?Di:I'm afraidI can't

go out tonight. I've got an exam tomorrow. 2qD`vniY: cve: Why don't we have some Chinesefood at the Chilies? Di: Sorry, but I don'tparticularly like Chinese food. 3q D`vniY: cve:How about taking a nice walk?Di:I'd really

rather not take a walk this afternoon.ev Thankyou, but it's not my idea of taking a walk thisafternoon.4_D`vniY: cve: Why don't you staythe night here in the village?Di: That's verykind of you, but I really have to get back to thecity.

Demanding Explanations : Kvb evcvi KwdqZev evLv PvIqvi wbqg|

AbKmgq Ggb wKQz NU h Avgiv Abi KvQ mevcvi evLv ev KwdqZ PvB| m ek wKQz

Gckb eenvi Kiv hvq| hgb: Can you tell mewhy... ev I don't understand why...ev Can youexplain why...evWhy is it that...evHow come...


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evDoes this mean...evDo you really expect meto believe...BZvw`| Gme Aski ciB mB mbUB

h NUbvwUi Rb evLv PvwQ m NUbvwUi Dj-L KiZnq|

Gevi KqKwU D`vniY `wL: nqZ Ggb NUQ h,Avcbvi em Kvb Riix KviY AbKevi Avcbvi gvevBjdvb Kj KiQb Ges AvcbvK cvbwb| wK h Kvb

KviYB nvK Avcwb AbK ci dvb Ki LuvR wbqQb|mmgq Avcbvi em hv ejZ cvib, Zv njv: Can youtell me why it has taken you so long to call back?

evI don't understand why it has taken you solong to call back.evCan you explain why it has

taken you so long to call back?evWhy is it thatit has taken you so long to call back?evHowcome it has taken you so long to call back?evDoyou expect me to believe (that) you didnt notice

that I called so many times?

Giving Explanations: evLv `qv|KD hLb Kvb KvRi evcvi evLv Pvq ZLb Zv cwivi


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Ki eywSq w`Z nq Ges GKB m f`ZvI eRvq ivLZnq| mivmwi evLv `qvi Rb wKQz Gckb eenvi Ki

Zvici evLvwU `Iqv nq| Gckbjv njv:Well, ...ev Let me explain.ev Let me tell youwhy ... evHere's what happened: ...evThere's a(good) reason for this: ... ev The reason is ...BZvw`|

Avevi GgbI nZ cvi h, Avcwb ZvrwbKfve evLvw`Z PvQb bv, Ze ci evLv w`eb Ggb K_v evSvZPvb| m Avcwb Ab wKQy Gckb eenvi KiZcvib: I'm sorry. I can't tell you that (right now).evCan I get back to you on that?evI'll explain (a

little) later.evWe'll come to that later.evWe'llget to that in a few minutes.evCan we save thatuntil later?

Making Complaints : Kviv KvR m ev Kvbwelq Kviv KvQ Amvl cKvk|

mivmwi Amvl cKvk Kiv kvfbxq bv| ZvB memgq ZvGKUz Nyic_ ejv nq| BsiwRZ Gfve Amvl cKvk ev


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Commenting :K_vi gvS ge Kiv ev wbR^ gZvgZhvM Kivi Pv|

Pjgvb AvjvPbvi gvS ge Kivi cqvRb nj c_gAbRb GKUz AvMB hv ejjb m welq ge KiZne| Gici wbRi gZUv RvbvZ ne| cqvRbxqGckbjv Ggb: That's interesting. I thinkthat... ev Interesting point. I would add... evHmmm. I hadn't thought of that before.BZvw`|wKQz ckevaK Gckb eenvi KiI wbRi K_vwUKmvgb wbq Avmv hvq| hgb: What do you thinkabout ... ev Have you considered ...ev Whatabout ... ev Can I add something here? ev (Doyou) mind if I add something here?

Being Imprecise :Ah_v_ev AwbwZfve K_v ejv|

Avgv`iK cvZwnK Rxeb cvqB Ah_v_fve Z_ ZzjaiZ nq| hgb, Avgiv evsjvq cvqB wKQz Gckb

eenvi Kwi- cvq, AvbygvwbK, gb nq, Avwg wVKejZ cviwQ bv, Ze evanq... BZvw`| GKBfveBsiwRZI Ggb eenvi AvQ| hgb: about,


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approximately, up to, kind of, type of ... or so,

sort of, It's difficult to say, but I'd guess,I'm not

really sure, but I thinkBZvw` k ev dR eenviKi Ah_v_Zv cKvk Kiv nq| msLv, AvqZb, cwigvb,cwigvc, aib BZvw` welq wbw` Z_ bv w`q AvbygvwbKZ_ `qvi mgq G aibi k eenvi cqvRb nq|

Gevi Avgiv wewfb cwiwwZZ eenvi nIqv KqKwU

D`vniY mbU `wL: There are about257 teachersworking in Rajshahi College. ev There areapproximately 257 teachers working in Rajshahi

College.evThere are a large number ofstudentsinterested in taking this course.ev Economistspredict up to 50% growth for the coming year.

evIt's kind of a bottle opener which can also beused to peel vegetables.ev It's the type ofplaceyou can go to relax for a weekor so.evThey'rethesort ofpeople that like criticising people for

nothing.evIt's difficult to say, but I'd guess thatit's used for cleaning clothes. evI'm not reallysure, but I think they enjoy reading this small

book.


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Speaking Conditionally: Dccgqg~jK ev eve IAeve kZvaxb K_v ejv|

mvaviYZ hLb Avgiv ejZ PvB, aib,... ev gbKib... ev hw` Ggb nq... ev hw` Ggb nZv.. BZvw`kZvaxb K_v, ZLb BsiwRZ K_vjv i Kivi Rbeenvi Kiv hZ cvi: What would you do if ...evSuppose ...evImagine ...BZvw` k ev Gckb|

GQvov hw` GUv nZv Zvnj IUv nZv Ggb mvekZvaxb K_vjvi gvag Avgiv Avgv`i AveM cKvkKwi| hgb: 1)If I were rich, I would buy a bigpiece of land. 2) If I had a big piece of land, I

would grow a mixed forest there.

GKBfve Avgiv AbKmgq AZxZ bv NUv kZm K_vewj| hw` GUv nZv (hv Avmj nqwb, wK hw` nZv)Zvnj GUv nZv Ggb K_v cvqB Avgiv ej _vwK|hgb: 1)If Mr. Rahman had been there, he couldhaveprevented the quarrel. 2) If you had seenthat movie, you wouldhave cried.

GQvov wKQ~ AvbyvwbK cwiekI Ggb avivi mbUcvUvbeenvi nq| hgb: 1) Should any visitor have


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any questions, feelfree to contact me. 2) Had I

been there, I might have been able to help.

Dcii mbUjvZ GKwU wekl Mvgvi eenvi nq|mwU njv conditional sentenceGi eenvi| GK Ki Avcbvi Mvgvi eBwU `L wbj fvj nq|

Simple Presentations :ee Dcvcb Kkj|

h Kvb ee Dcvcbi mgq msw GKUz f~wgKv LyeKvhKix| ee Dcvcb i nq f~wgKv w`q| f~wgKvimgq Kgb k ev Gckb eenvi Kieb? wKQz D`vniY`qv njv: (Good morning, afternoon, evening)evI'm happy to be here.ev I'm glad to have this

opportunity to ... ev Today, I'd like to talk (toyou) about ... ev My topic today is ... ev Thefocus of my remarks is ... ev I'd like to sharesome thoughts on (topic) ev I'm here to talkabout ...ev Today, I'd like to say a few words

about ...BZvw`|g~j ee i Kivi mgq ek wKQz Gckb AvcbvKmvnvh KiZ cvi: Let me start by ... ev First, let


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me tell you about ...evI've divided my topic into(three) parts: (They are ...)BZvw` mbU|

ee KZY mgq wbZ cvi m welq mPZb KiZPvBj ejv hZ cvi: I will probably take about ...minutes.evThis should last only a few minutes.evI hope to be finished by ...BZvw` mbU|

ee Kivi Rb D`vniY `qv ev evLv Kivi mgqhme Gckb eenvi Kiv hZ cvi: For instance,... ev Let me illustrate, ...ev To illustrate, ...BZvw`| Avevi Kvb gei c hyw Dcvcbi mgqejZ cvib: This is why ...evThe main reason is...

evTherefore, ...

evSo, ...

BZvw`|

Kvb welqK meRbxbKiYi Rb wKQz Gckb eenviKiv hZ cvi: Generally, ...ev Usually, ...evAsa rule, ...evMost of the time, ...evIn most cases,...BZvw`|

Kvb welqK nvBjvBU KiZ PvBj welqwU Gfve iKiv hZ cvi: Actually,...ev In fact,...ev As a


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matter of fact,...evIn particular...evParticularly...evEspeciallyBZvw`|

ee kl Kivi mgq Avcwb eenvi KiZ cvib: Inconclusion,... ev To conclude,... ev Tosummarize,...evTo sum up, ...BZvw`|

Checking for Understanding : ee evSv MQ

wKbv Zv ciL Kiv|hvi m Avcwb K_v ejQb wZwb Avcbvi K_v eySZciQb wKbv ev Avcbvi K_vi m Zvj iL PjQbwKbv Zv ciL Kivi Rb wKQz ej eeZ Gckb njv:(Do you) know what I mean?ev Do you know

what I'm saying? evDo you understand?evAreyou following me?evAre you with me?evHaveyou got it?evGot it?evAny questions?BZvw`|

Showing Understanding : kvZv wnme Avcwb hAbRbi K_v eySZ cviQb Zv evSvbv|

`yRbi ga Avjvci mgq Avcwb h AbRbi K_veySZ cviQb Zv evSvbvi Rb K_vi gvS gvS wKQz


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Gckb eenvi KiZ cvib| GiKg KqKwU ejeeZ Gckb njv: I see.ev I understand.ev I

get it./I got it.

Expressing Lack of Understanding : kvZvwnme evi K_v eySZ bv cvivwU cKvk Kiv|

Avcwb hw` kvZv nb Ges hvi m K_v ejQb Zvi ee

hw` eySZ bv ci _vKb Ze Avcwb GB bv eyS _vKviAevwU cKvk Kivi Rb wKQz Gckb eenvi KiZcvib| G `ycK mvgbvmvgwb _vKZ nq| AekdvbvjvcI Ggb NUZ cvi| KqKwU Gckb njv: Idon't get it. ev(I'm sorry.) I don't understand.evWhat do you mean?evI'm not following you.evI don't quite follow you.ev I'm not sure I getwhat you mean.evWhat was that again?

Conceding to Make a Point:Abi Z_wU ^xKviKi wbqI wbR ge cKvk Kiv|

AbK mgq Ggb NU h, Abi DcvwcZ Z_ mZ ejgb wbZ nq| wK ZviciI wKQz ejvi _vK| mmgqwKQz wekl Gckb eenvi Kiv nq| hgb: That may


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be true, but ...evI may be wrong, but ...evYoumight be right, but ...evYou have a good point,

but ...evYou could say that, but ...evCorrect meif I'm wrong, but ...ev I don't mean to be rude,but ...evI hate to bring this up, but ...evI don'tmean to be negative, but ...evThis may soundstrange, but ...BZvw`|

Analyzing Problems: Kvb mgmv wbq AvjvPbv|

Kvb mgmv wbq AvjvPbvi mgq c_g iZc~Y welqwUnjv g~j K_vwU AvuKo _vKv, Gw`K Iw`K wePzZ bvnIqv| mgmvi g~j AvjvPbvwUK wbq hvIqvi Rb hme

Gckb eenvi Kiv nq Zv njv:What is the main

problem? ev What is the real issue (here)?ev (Ithink) the major problem is... ev Our primaryconcern is...evThe crux of the matter is...ev(AsI see it), the most important thing is...ev Themain problem we need to solve is...evWe reallyneed to take care of... ev It all comes down tothis...BZvw`|


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AvjvPbvwU i nq Mj wewfb Rbi gZvgZ, civgkBZvw` msMni cqvRb nq| m`m`i KvQ _K gZgZ

msMni Rb ek wKQz ck Kiv hvq| hgb: Whatshould we do about it? ev What needs to bedone? ev What do you think we should do?evWhat are we going to do about it?ev Do youhave any suggestions?evAny ideas?

m`m`i gZvgZ AvmZ _vKj klgl civgk evmycvwikI Avm| AvjvPbvi GK chvq hLb m`miv wKQzcivgk `q ev mycvwik Ki, mmgq mme civgk evmycvwikwU Rvbvbvi mgq wKQz Gckb eenvi Kiv hZcvi: I recommend that ...evI suggest that ...evI

would like to propose that ...evWhy don't we ...BZvw`|

Making Appointments : Kviv m mvvZiw`bY wVK Kiv|

Kviv m mvvZi w`bY wVK Kivi Rb AbK BGgb NU h Avgiv m ewi ewMZ mnKvwii mvnvhwbB| m KbfvmkbwUZ Kgb Gckb eenvi


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nZ cvi Zvi wKQz bgybv GLvb `Iqv njv|

whwb GcqUgU Pvb wZwb ejZ cvib: I'd like tomake an appointment with Mr. Ali AhsanMazumder.evI'd like to schedule a meeting withMs. Yeasmin.evCould I schedule a time to meetwith Mr. Rahman?Abc ejZ cvib: Whattime is best for you?evWhen would be a good

time for you? ev Would 9:00 on Thursday beokay?evHe'll be in on Tuesday.evHis scheduleis open all day Monday.ev She's free any daybut Wednesday.evDr. Belal Uddin will be awayuntil Friday. Gici Avevi c_gRb ejZ cvib: Will

Mr. Mazumder be in tomorrow? ev Is heavailable next Wednesday?evDoes he have anyopenings on Tuesday?ev Does she have anytime on Thursday? Di AbRb ejZ cvib:Sorry, her calendar is full on Monday. ev She

will be out on Wednesday. ev He doesn't havetime on Tuesday. evHow about Friday at 4:00?Gici c_gRb Avevi ejZ cvib: Thursday at 10:00


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will be fine. evFriday at 11:00 sounds good.evOkay. Tuesday morning at 9.evMonday at8:00

is not good for me. ev Wednesday is notpossible. Gfve K_v GMvZ cvi|

Describing Your Company: hLvb KvR Kib mcwZvb m K_v ejv|

Avcwb Kv_vq KvR Kib Zv Rvbvi Rb KD ck KiZcvi: What company do you work for?evWhichcompany are you with? ev Who do yourepresent? Di ejv hZ cvi: I work for ABCCompany.evI'm with ABC.evI represent (the)XYZ (company).

Avevi ck KiZ cvi: What is the name of yourcompany? ev Where are you located?Di: Thename of our company is ...ev Our company islocated in ...evOur headquarters is in ...BZvw`|

Gici RvbZ PvIqv nZ cvi h, Avcbvi KvvwbiKvb welq RwoZ: What (type of business) do youdo?evWhat business are you in?Di ejv hZ


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cvi: We are in the computer business.evWe'rein computers.evWe sell ...evWe produce ... ev

We manufacture ....evOur major products are ...BZvw`|

Describing Projects: cK cwiKbv eYbv|

Avcwb h Kvvwb ev Awdm KvR Kib mLvb Avcwb

h cRi/KvRi m hy Zvi mvaviY eYbv `qvicqvRb nq| Avevi Avcwb KvDK G evcvi ckI KiZcvib| ck Kiv nZ cvi: What are your currentprojects? ev What are you working on (atpresent)? ev What are your major initiatives inthis area?

Di ne GKeviB Avcbvi cRi KvR ev cwiKbvmswk-|hgb, Ggb ejv hZ cvi: We are currentlyworking on ...evWe are in the process of ...evWe are developing ...evWe are designing ...evWe are building ...

evWe are marketing ...

BZvw`| Avcbvi cwiKbvi wfwZ eeZ fvewUcwieZb njI eeZ mbU cvUvbjv KvR Avme|


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Talking about the Future of Company/

Project : Kvvwb ev cRi fwelr welq K_v ejv|

Avcbvi Kvvwb ev cR Gi fwelr m Z_ evcwiKbv ev Avkv RvbZ PvIqvi Rb wewfb ck Kiv hZcvi| hgb: What are your plans for the future?evWhat are your projections for the next quarter?ev What do you expect to achieve (in the near

future)?evWhat are your (sales) projections fornext three months?ev What are your goals forthe coming year?

Ggb Di nZ cvi: We expect ...evWe planto ... evWe project ...ev We hope to ...ev Weshould ...evWe will be (V+ing) ...evIf all goesas planned, ... ev Our projections are ... evAccording to our projections, ...BZvw`|

Describing Jobs: PvKzix m mvaviY K_vevZv|

K wK PvKzix ev Kvb ckvi KvR Kib ev RxweKvi RbwK Kib Zv Rvbvi Rb wewfb ck KiZ cvwi: What doyou do?evWhat do you do for a living?evWhat


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is your occupation?evWhat type of work do youdo?evWhere do you work?BZvw`|

Avi Di Zv ne e iKgi| KqKwU D`vniY `wL:I'm a salesman. evI'm in sales.evI'm in the realestate business.evI'm a contractor at ....evI'm aconsultant for ....evI'm a specialist doctor for ....evI'm in the civil service.BZvw`|

Avevi ck hw` wbw` Kv_vq KvR Kwi m m RvbZPvIqv nq Zvnj Kbfvmkb Kgb nZ cvi Zv `wL:ck: What company do you work for?Di: Iwork for Raj Ceramic.evI work at Raj Ceramic.evI'm with Raj Ceramic.

Kvi PvKzixZ wK `vwqZ cvjb KiZ nq Zv AbKmgqAvgiv RvbZ Pvq| m cki I Dii aib wK nZcvi Zvi KqKwU bgybv `qv njv|

ck Kiv hZ cvi: What do you do (in your job)?evWhat do you do there?evWhat do you do atDarmasoft? ev What is your main job?evWhatare you in charge of?BZvw`|


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Gme Di Ggb nZ cvi: I am in charge oftraining employees. ev I am responsible for

catering snacks and lunch.ev I take care ofcorporate accounts. ev I usually answertelephones.ev I mainly write reports. ev I'm asoftware engineer. ev I work in the salesdepartment.evI'm in customer service.evI work

as an instructor.ev I build houses.ev I teachEnglish at tertiary level.BZvw`|

Asking for Details : wevwiZ Rvbvi Rb ck Kiv|

mvaviYZ Kvb welq wevwiZ RvbZ njWH question

cvUvb eenvi Kiv nq| vfvweKfveB Avgv`i wRvm_vK: KLb, Kv_vq, Ke, wK, K, wKfve, Kgb, KZ,Kvi, Kb BZvw`| Gevi Avgiv Zgb KqKwU D`vniY`wL: What did you do over the weekend?evHow was your trip?evWhen did you get back?evWhat kind of things did you see in Nepal? evWho did you go with?ev How many peoplewere there?evWhose car did you borrow?


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Avevi wekl Ki KbvKvUvi mgq Avgiv hv wKbZ PvqmwU m wevwiZ RvbZ Pvq| m wKQz ck Kiv

nq| hgb: Could you give me some informationabout this laptop?ev Can you give me moredetails about that room heater?evWhat can youtell me about these blenders? ev Could you tellme about this camera? G GLvb GKwU MvgviMZ

NUbv NU| Avgiv mvaviYfve Rvwb h, can ev couldw`q Zix nIqv ck Yes or No cvUvbi nq| wKGLvb `qv wekl Avmj Kej nuv ev bv DiAvkv Kiv nq bv| eis wevwiZ Di Avkv Kiv nq|

Telephone Language :dvbi fvlv|

evsjv`k GLb Avgiv cwZwbqZB dvbvjvc KiwQ| Gcm `yGKwU Gckb `Lv hvK| dvb Kviv mK_v ejZ PvBj c_gB wMwUsm wewbgq nq| Gici Kvim K_v ejZ PvwQ Zv RvbvZ nq| hgb, ejZ nq:Hello. Can I speak to ...., please? aib|

hvK PvIqv nQ wZwb wbRB dvbwU wiwmf Kij ejZcvib: This is Hasinul.ev Hasinul, speaking.ev


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Speaking. G Im Hasinulev Im Hasinulspeakingejvappropriatene bv|

GQvov whwb dvb wiwmf KiQb wZwb hw` KjviK bvPbb Zvnj wRm KiZ cvib: May I ask who'scalling? Ges Gi Di Kjvi Gfve wbRi cwiPq w`Zcvib: This is Hasinul.evThis is Mainuls friend.

Avevi Kjvi hw` Acicvi K^i b Abygvb Kib hwZwb hvK PvPQb wZwbB dvbwU aiQb, Zvnj ejZcvib (AekB informal): Is this Hasinul? Gi A_nvwmbyj bvwK?|

hvK PvIqv nQ wZwb bv _vKj dvbwU whwb wiwmf

KiQb Zvi `vwqZ Kjvii KvQ _K gvmR bqviAdvi Kiv| ZLb ejZ nq: Can I take a message?Kjvi gvmR w`Z PvBj ejZ cvib: Yes, please.Could you tell him ...bvg... called? Gici hv ejZPvQb Zv ejZ ne| Avevi gvmR w`Z bv PvBj KjviDi ejZ cvib: No, thanks. Ill call him later.BZvw`|

Dear user, your comments can make this publication a better one.

Th an k yo u .


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Helpful Websites

Avgv`i evsjv`k cyw, mvwbUkb, viZv, G_jwUK

mgZv BZvw`Z cw_exi e `ki Pq AbK ekxwcwQq _vKjI AvawybK chywi mjyjvi dvb eenviigeagvb gvvqAbK ekx GwMq AvQ| Avi ZvB AvivAbK AbK ekx iZc~Ychyw BUvibUi mI Avgivwbq cwiwPZ nwQ, bvwK fyj ejjvg?

h chyw Avgv`i mvgb cvq web cqmvq vb I `ZvimvgvRi yqvi Lyj em AvQ Zvi menvii Rb GLvbgv KqKwU IqemvBUi wVKvbv `qv njv| Avcbvi hvvi Kwiq `qvi Rb| GB eBwU Gme IqemvBUi KvQAbK AbK FYx ...| Best of luck!

1. http://www.bbcjanala.com2. http://www.esl.about.com3. http://www.britishcouncil.org/learning-

collection of spoken english expressions

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