collecting & examining life field trip, science companion

8/9/2019 Collecting & Examining Life Field Trip, Science Companion

1/36

Aliima~hb` dbnMvdghbhb` Ihcm

Qahmbam Chmin ^rhz


2/36

Klhb l}r d}~flr Aliimmb Omii dbn fmr cdghix lb d phinpdie d~ Gdb}mi Db~lbhl Bd~hlbdi Zdre hb Alq~d _had

Alq~d_

had

Amb~rdiDgmrhad

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zrl~ma~mn qhbam 480?"

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Ox ~fm pdx) ~fmrmq diql d

adz}afhb glbemx hb ~fhq zha~}rm"

^fm ih`f~ `rmmb qzl~

lb ~fhq imdc hq d crl`)

fhnhb` h~q alilrc}i}bnmrqhnm ~l oimbn hb"

Xl} fdsm ~l ille

ailqmix ~l bn qlgmfhnnmb

dbhgdiq"

^fhq ih{drndiql oimbnq hb"

Pm qdp d zl~llohrn dbn odox

fhnhb` hbzidhb qh`f~"

Alq~d _hadbq

adii ~fhq dq~}gz ohrn"


3/36


4/36

ALIIMA^HB@ # MVDGHBHB@ IHCMy

Imsmiq '?

Qahmbam Algzdbhlb

Aliima~hb` dbn Mvdghbhb` Ihcm^mdafmr Imqqlb Gdb}di

_mimdqm 4">":?4:" Alzxrh`f~ ?::> dbn ?::= Afhad`l Qahmbam @rl}z"Dii _h`f~q _mqmrsmnMvamz~ dq zmrgh~~mn }bnmr ~fm ]bh~mn Q~d~mq Alzxrh`f~ Da~) bl zdr~ lc ~fhq z}oihad~hlb gdxom rmzrln}amn lr nhq~rho}~mn hb dbx clrg lr ox dbx gmdbq lr q~lrmn hb d nd~dodqm lrrm~rhmsdi qxq~mg ph~fl}~ ~fm zrhlr prh~~mb zmrghqqhlb lc ~fm z}oihqfmr" QAHMBAM

ALGZDBHLB) MVZIL_D@MD_) ~fm A_LQQFD^AF Nmqh`b dbn ~fm PFMMINmqh`b drm ~rdnmgdreq lc Afhad`l Qahmbam @rl}z dbn Afhad`l Mn}ad~hlbdi Z}oihqfhb`Algzdbx) IIA"ppp"qahmbamalgzdbhlb"alg Afhad`l Mn}ad~hlbdi Z}oihqfhb` Algzdbx) IIA)


5/36y ALIIMA^HB@ # MVDGHBHB@ IHCMy ^DOIM L C ALB^MB^Q

^doim lc Alb~mb~qQ}``mq~mn C}ii'Xmdr Qafmn}im" " " " " " " " " Hbqhnm Crlb~ Alsmr

Pmialgm ~l Qahmbam Algzdbhlb

Zfhilqlzfx " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 3Chbnhb` Pfd~ Xl} Bmmn hb Qahmbam Algzdbhlb " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 6

Arlqq'A}rrha}idr Hb~m`rd~hlb dbn Cimvhoim Qafmn}ihb` " " " " " " " " " " " 4:

Nhccmrmb~hd~hb` Hbq~r}a~hlb clr Nhsmrqm Imdrbmrq " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 4?

]bh~ Lsmrshmp

Hb~rln}a~hlb ~l ~fm Aliima~hb` dbn Mvdghbhb` Ihcm ]bh~ " " " " " " " " " 4>

]bh~ Q}ggdrx " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 43

Imqqlbq d~ d @idbam " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 46

Dqqmqqgmb~ " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " ?>

Zrmzdrhb` clr ~fm ]bh~

^fm Aliima~hb` dbn Mvdghbhb` Ihcm Qahmbam Amb~mr " " " " " " " " " " " " " 1:

Qahmbam Ihordrx dbn Pmo Ihbeq " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 13

Omclrm Xl} Om`hb mdafhb` " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " >6

Imqqlbq

4 Algzdrhb` Ihshb` dbn Blb'Ihshb` fhb q+ " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " =?

? Hnmb~hcxhb` Ihshb` fhb`q+ " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 3?1 @lhb` lb d Cdii Phin Pdie+" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 0?

mdafmr Nhrma~hlbq; Gdehb` Dbhgdi rdae Aliima~lrq " " " " " " " " 61

mdafmr Nhrma~hlbq; Gdehb` d Zidb~ Zrmqq " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 6>

mdafmr Nhrma~hlbq; Gdehb` d Qmmn Ohrn Cmmnmr" " " " " " " " " " " " " 6=

mdafmr Nhrma~hlbq; Gdehb` d Q}m~ Ohrn Cmmnmr " " " " " " " " " " " " " 63

> Illehb` clr Dbhgdiq hb Qlhi " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 66

mdafmr Nhrma~hlbq; Gdehb` d Omrimqm C}bbmi " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 83

= Gdehb` d Cdii Bd~}rm Olle+ " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 86

3 Loqmrshb` Qbdhiq+ " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 4:>0 Loqmrshb` Arhaem~q+ " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 443

6 Loqmrshb` Chqf+ " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 41:

8 ]qhb` [ll Ai}mq " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 4>>

4: Algzdrhb` Dbhgdiq dbn Zidb~q+ " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " "4=?

44 Q~}nxhb` Imdsmq+ " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 43:

+ Hbnhad~mq d alrm imqqlb


6/36

ALIIMA^HB@ # MVDGHBHB@ IHCMy ^DOIM LC ALB^MB^Qy

4? Hbsmq~h`d~hb` Cr}h~q dbn Qmmnq+ " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " "40:

41 Imdrbhb` Dol}~ Qmmn Nhqzmrqdi+ " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " "46?

4> Qzrl}~hb` Qmmnq+ " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 48>

4= Mvdghbhb` _ll~q+ " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " ?:3

43 Mvzmrhgmb~hb` Ph~f Amimrx Q~mgq+ " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " "?46

40 @lhb` lb d Qzrhb` Phin Pdie+ " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " ?1:

46 Nhqqma~hb` Qzrhb` Cilpmrq+ " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " ?>:

48 Gdehb` d Qzrhb` Bd~}rm Olle+ " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " ?=>

?: @rlphb` Glin+ " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " ?3?

?4 Loqmrshb` Glin @rlp~f+ " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " ?0:

?? Zidxhb` Ohl Ohb`l+ " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " ?6:

+ Hbnhad~mq d alrm imqqlb

Qehii O}hinhb` Da~hsh~hmq

4 ]qhb` Gd`bhchmrq " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " ?63

? Gdehb` Qahmb~hcha Nrdphb`q " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " ?8>

1 Gmdq}rhb` Qgdii fhb`q " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 1:?

> ]qhb` Odidbamq dbn Qadimq " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 14:

mdafmr Nhrma~hlbq; Gdehb` d Qhgzim Odidbam " " " " " " " " " " " " "148

mdafmr Nhrma~hlbq; Gdehb` d Qhgzim Qzrhb` Qadim " " " " " " " " " 1?:

mdafmr Odae`rl}bn Hbclrgd~hlb " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 1??

Q~dbndrnq dbn Ombafgdreq

Q~dbndrnq " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 1>3

Ombafgdreq " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 1>8

Gd~mrhdiq " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 1=?

mdafmr @ilqqdrx " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 1=6


7/36 y ALIIMA^HB@ # MVDGHBHB@ IHCMy ZFHILQLZFX

PMIALGM^L

QA

HMBAMALGZDBHLB Zfhilqlzfx

Diglq~ dbxlbm pfl fdq qzmb~ ~hgm ph~f afhinrmb hq q~r}ae ox

~fm ~rmgmbnl}q mbmr`x ~fmx mvzmbn mvzilrhb` ~fmhr plrin" ^fmx

dqe pfx dbn flp" ^fmx pdb~ ~l qmm dbn ~l}af" ^fmx }qm ~fmhr

ghbnq dbn qmbqmq ~l mvzilrm ~fm ~fhb`q ~fmx mbal}b~mr dbnplbnmr dol}~" Hb l~fmr plrnq) afhinrmb drm dirmdnx mt}hzzmn ph~f

~fm odqha t}dih~hmq ~fd~ gdem d `lln qahmb~hq~"

^fm `ldi lc ~fm Qahmbam Algzdbhlb a}rrha}i}g hq ~l rmqzlbn ~l

dbn bl}rhqf afhinrmbq qahmb~hcha nhqzlqh~hlbq ox da~hsmix mb`d`hb`

~fmhr hb~mrmq~q dbn mbfdbahb` ~fmhr zlpmrq lc hbt}hrx) loqmrsd~hlb)

dbn rmcima~hlb" Imdrbhb` ox nlhb` hq amb~rdi ~l ~fhq zrl`rdg"

Mdaf Qahmbam Algzdbhlb imqqlb hbalrzlrd~mq hb~mrmq~hb` dbn

rmimsdb~ qahmb~hcha alb~mb~) dq pmii dq qahmbam sdi}mq) d~~h~}nmq)

dbn qehiiq ~fd~ afhinrmb hb ~fm mimgmb~drx `rdnmq qfl}in om`hb

~l nmsmilz" ^fmqm fdoh~q lc ghbn) dilb` ph~f qahmbam alb~mb~

eblpimn`m) drm ar}ahdi clr o}hinhb` qahmbam ih~mrdax dbn ~fmx drm

db hb~m`rdi zdr~ lc ~fm Qahmbam Algzdbhlb zrl`rdg" Om dpdrm

lc ~fmg dbn rmhbclram ~fmg dq xl} plre ph~f afhinrmb" Ph~f

mvzmrhmbam) afhinrmb phii nmsmilz ~fm pdxq ~fmx nmglbq~rd~m dbn

}qm ~fm cliilphb` qahmb~hcha fdoh~q lc ghbn"

Fdoh~q lc Ghbn

Plbnmrhb` dbn ~fhbehb` dol}~ ~fm bd~}rdi dbn zfxqhadi plrin

Afhinrmbq a}rhlqh~x hq sdi}mn) rmqzma~mn) dbn b}r~}rmn" ^fmhr

t}mq~hlbq dbn ~fmlrhmq dol}~ ~fm plrin drl}bn ~fmg drmhgzlr~db~ hb qm~~hb` nhrma~hlb dbn zdam clr ~fm a}rrha}i}g"

Afhinrmb drm mbal}rd`mn ~l rmshqm dbn rmchbm ~fmhr t}mq~hlbq dbn

hnmdq dq ~fmx `dhb dnnh~hlbdi hbclrgd~hlb ~frl}`f d sdrhm~x lc

ql}ramq dbn mvzmrhmbamq"

Qmmehb` dbqpmrq ~frl}`f mvzilrd~hlb dbn hbsmq~h`d~hlb

Afhinrmb da~hsmix qmme hbclrgd~hlb dbn dbqpmrq ~l ~fmhr t}mq~hlbq

ox ~rxhb` ~fhb`q l}~ dbn gdehb` loqmrsd~hlbq" Afhinrmb alb~hb}diix

rmshqm ~fmhr }bnmrq~dbnhb` odqmn lb ~fmhr mvzmrhmbamq" ^frl}`f

~fmqm hbsmq~h`d~hlbq) ~fmx imdrb chrq~fdbn dol}~ ~fm qahmb~hcha

gm~fln" fmx diql qmm ~fd~ ~dehb` rhqeq dbn gdehb` ghq~demq drm

db hgzlr~db~ zdr~ lc qahmbam dbn lc imdrbhb` hb `mbmrdi"


8/36

ALIIMA^HB@ # MVDGHBHB@ IHCMy ZFHILQLZFXy

Z}rq}hb` hnmdq hb nmz~f

Afhinrmb fdsm ~fm lzzlr~}bh~x ~l z}rq}m hnmdq dbn ~lzhaq c}iix)

rmshqh~hb` ~fmg dbn gdehb` albbma~hlbq ~l l~fmr q}okma~q dbn

l~fmr drmdq hb ~fmhr ihsmq"

Loqmrshb` adrmc}iix

Afhinrmb drm mbal}rd`mn ~l d~~mbn ~l nm~dhiq" ^fmx drm ~d}`f~ ~l

loqmrsm ph~f g}i~hzim qmbqmq dbn crlg d sdrhm~x lc zmrqzma~hsmq"^fmx }qm ~lliq) q}af dq gd`bhcxhb` imbqmq) odidbam qadimq) r}imrq) dbn

ailaeq) ~l mbfdbam ~fmhr loqmrsd~hlbq" Afhinrmb }qm ~fmhr nmsmilzhb`

gd~fmgd~haq dbn ih~mrdax qehiiq ~l nmqarhom) algg}bhad~m) dbn

rmalrn ~fmhr loqmrsd~hlbq hb d`m'dzzrlzrhd~m pdxq"

Algg}bhad~hb` aimdrix

Afhinrmb drm dqemn ~l nmqarhom ~fmhr loqmrsd~hlbq dbn dr~ha}id~m

~fmhr ~fhbehb` dbn hnmdq }qhb` d sdrhm~x lc algg}bhad~hlb ~lliq)

hbai}nhb` qzmdehb`) prh~hb`) dbn nrdphb`" ^fmx imdrb ~fd~ rmalrn

emmzhb` hq d sdi}doim clrg lc algg}bhad~hlb clr lbmqmic dbn

l~fmrq" Afhinrmb mvzmrhmbam ~fd~ plrehb` adrmc}iix hgzrlsmq lbmqdohih~x ~l }qm lbmq plre dq d ~lli clr algg}bhad~hlb"

Aliidolrd~hb` dbn qfdrhb`

Afhinrmb algm ~l eblp ~fd~ ~fmhr hnmdq) t}mq~hlbq) loqmrsd~hlbq)

dbn plre fdsm sdi}m" D~ ~fm qdgm ~hgm) ~fmx imdrb ~fd~ ihq~mbhb`

hq sh~diix hgzlr~db~) dbn ~fd~ mvafdb`hb` hnmdq ph~f lbm dbl~fmr

o}hinq eblpimn`m dbn mbfdbamq }bnmrq~dbnhb`" Afhinrmb

nhqalsmr ~fd~ ~fmx adb `dhb glrm eblpimn`m dq d `rl}z ~fdb

dq hbnhshn}diq) dbn ~fd~ nm~dhimn loqmrsd~hlbq dbn `lln hnmdq

mgmr`m crlg aliidolrd~hlb"

Nmsmilzhb` arh~hadi rmqzlbqm qehiiq

Afhinrmb dqe) Flp nl xl} eblp


9/36:

@lhb` lb d Qzrhb`Phin Pdie

A L I I M A ^ H B @ #M V D G H B H B @ I H C M

A I ] Q ^ M _ IHSHB@ ^FHB@Q

Imqqlb

y ALIIMA^HB@ # MVDGHBHB@ IHCMy IMQQLB y @LHB@ LB D QZ_HB@ PHIN PDIE

Lsmrshmp

^fm aidqq rm~}rbq ~l ~fm q~}nx qh~m lc h~q cdii Phin Pdie dbn loqmrsmq

~fm qh`f~q dbn ql}bnq lc qzrhb`" Mdaf afhin afllqmq d ihshb` ~fhb`

lr mshnmbam lc ihcm ~l nla}gmb~ clr ~fm qzrhb` bd~}rm olle hb

Imqqlb 48" ^fmx phii diql aliima~ cilpmrq clr Imqqlb 46"

Emx Bl~mq

Zidb ~l qzmbn d~ imdq~ 3: ghb}~mq d~ xl}r q~}nx qh~m"

Albqhnmr albn}a~hb` ~fm hb~rln}a~lrx nhqa}qqhlb ~fm ndxomclrm `lhb` ~l ~fm q~}nx qh~m" ^fhq pl}in `hsm xl} dgzim ~hgm

~l nhqa}qq ~fm plre ~fm aidqq hq zrmzdrhb` ~l nl l}~nllrq) dbn

imdsm mbl}`f ~hgm lb ~fm ndx lc ~fm pdie clr ~fm afhinrmb ~l

loqmrsm) nrdp) dbn prh~m pfhim ~fmx drm hb ~fm chmin"

Drrdb`m clr zdrmb~ sli}b~mmrq ~l daalgzdbx ~fm aidqq lb ~fmpdie"

Hc ~fm pdie hq lcc'qh~m) zrmzdrm) nhq~rho}~m) dbn aliima~ zmrghqqhlbqihzq) dq rmt}hrmn ox xl}r qaflli"

Clr glrm hbclrgd~hlb dol}~ ~fm qahmbam alb~mb~ hb ~fhq imqqlb)qmm ^fm Cdii dbn Qzrhb` Phin Pdieqqma~hlb lc ~fm ^mdafmr

Odae`rl}bn Hbclrgd~hlb"

Oh` Hnmd

Gdbx nhccmrmb~ ehbnq lc ihshb`

~fhb`q qfdrm l}r bmh`folrflln

mbshrlbgmb~"

D T]HAE ILLE

sh`d~hlb ^hz;

l} drm }qhb` Dnlom Darlod~ lr ~fm Dnlom

rlod~ _mdnmr) xl}'ii fdsm db mdqhmr ~hgm ph~f

sh`d~hlb hc xl} hsm xl}rqmic d /Zrmshl}q Shmp/

~~lb" ^fhq ~lli plreq ihem d Odae o}~~lb) dbn

i diilp xl} ~l rm~rdam xl}r k}gzq ph~fhb ~fm

m ql xl} nlb'~ `m~ ilq~"

Gdem q}rm ~fm Zd`m Bdsh`d~hlb ~lliodr hq

nhqzidxmn" &]qm Shmp,^lliodrq lr lliq,

A}q~lgh{m lliodr hc h~ hq bl~"(

Zidam ~fm /Zrmshl}q Shmp/ dbn /Bmv~ Shmp/o}~~lbq lb ~fd~ ~lliodr hc ~fmx drm bl~

dirmdnx ~fmrm" &]qm ^lliq,A}q~lgh{m

^lliodr"(

Zrmshl}q Shmp o}~~lb lbZd`m Bdsh`d~hlb ~lliodr"


10/36

l Imqqlb

ALIIMA^HB@ # MVDGHBHB@ IHCMy IMQQLB y @LHB@ LB D QZ_HB@ PHIN PDIEy

Imqqlb @ldiq

4" Loqmrsm flp qzrhb` hgzda~q zidb~q dbn dbhgdiq"

?" Nmsmilz chmin aliima~hlb qehiiq dbn m~ht}m~~m"

1" Loqmrsm dbn nla}gmb~ lbm ihshb` ~fhb` lr qh`b lc ihcm"

Q~dbndrnq dbn OmbafgdreqPfhim qmdrafhb` clr qh`bq lc ihcm lb ~fmhr phin pdie) afhinrmb

albamb~rd~m lb ^fm Ihshb` Mbshrlbgmb~ Ombafgdre =N

&Hb~mrnmzmbnmbam lc Ihcm(; Ihshb` ~fhb`q drm cl}bn diglq~

msmrxpfmrm hb ~fm plrin" ^fmrm drm qlgmpfd~ nhccmrmb~ ehbnq hb

nhccmrmb~ zidamq"

Afhinrmb diql nmsmilz Qahmbam dq Hbt}hrx Q~dbndrn D &Dohih~hmq

Bmamqqdrx ~l Nl Qahmb~hcha Hbt}hrx(; Algg}bhad~m hbsmq~h`d~hlbq

dbn mvzidbd~hlbq dq ~fmx nla}gmb~ d qh`b lc ihcm crlg ~fmhr Phin

Pdie"

Dqqmqqgmb~

Db lzzlr~}bh~x clr dqqmqqhb` pfd~ ~fm afhinrmb imdrbmn laa}rq hb

Imqqlb 48 pfmb ~fmx gdem d aidqq olle dol}~ ~fmhr qzrhb` Phin

Pdie mvzmrhmbam"

Bl^mq


11/36? y ALIIMA^HB@ # MVDGHBHB@ IHCMy IMQQLB y @LHB@ LB D QZ_HB@ PHIN PDIE

H~mg T}db~h~x Bl~mq

Mvzilrd@mdr

Kdrq) zidq~ha Qmsmrdi ^l flin aliima~mn h~mgq"

Gd`bhcxhb` olvmq 4 zmr rl}z ^l mvdghbm ihshb` ~fhb`q lr qh`bq lc ihcm"

Gd`bhcxhb` imbqmq 4 zmr `rl}z ^l mvdghbm ihshb` ~fhb`q lr qh`bq lc ihcm"Qzllbq) zidq~ha 4 zmr `rl}z ^l nh` clr ihshb` ~fhb`q lr qh`bq lc ihcm"

Aidqqrllg Q}zzihmq

Od`q) zidq~ha) `rlamrx qh{m 4 zmr rl}z ^l ~rdbqzlr~ chmin aliima~hlbq"

Od`q) rmqmdidoim zidq~ha

&lz~hlbdi(

Qmsmrdi ^l flin hbnhshn}di cilpmrq"

Ohbla}idrq &lz~hlbdi( D~ imdq~ 4 zdhr ^l qmdraf clr ihshb` ~fhb`q lr qh`bq lc ihcm"

Adgmrd dbn chig D~ imdq~ 4 ^l ~dem zfl~lq hb chmin" Albqhnmr }qhb` lbm lr glrmnhqzlqdoim adgmrdq"

Aihzoldrnq lr bl~mzdnq

&lz~hlbdi(

4 zmr afhin ^l gdem chmin bl~mq hc bl~ gdehb` bl~mq hb qahmbambl~molleq"

Aihzzmrq) qahqqlrq 4 zdhr zmr rl}z ^l aliima~ cilpmrq"

Nhqzlqdoim phzmq lr ndgz

zdzmr ~lpmiq

D q~dae zmr rl}z ^l aimdb fdbnq"

Nrdphb` q}zzihmq Aidqq qm~ ^l gdem chmin bl~mq"

Chmin `}hnm ~l ohrnq

&lz~hlbdi(

4 ^l hnmb~hcx ohrnq"

Chmin `}hnm ~l cilpmrq

&lz~hlbdi(

4 ^l hnmb~hcx cilpmrq"

Bl~molleq lr idr`m zdnq

dbn zmbahiq

4 zmr dn}i~ Clr rmalrnhb` bl~mq hb ~fm chmin"

Zmrgdbmb~ gdremr 4 zmr rl}z ^l idomi chmin aliima~hlbq"

Zidb~hb` ~rlpmiq &lz~hlbdi( 4 zmr rl}z ^l nh` clr ihshb` ~fhb`q lr qh`bq lc ihcm"

Zrmshl}q Imqqlbq

Cdii Bd~}rm Ollecrlg

Imqqlb =

4 ^l rmghbn afhinrmb lc ~fm cdii Phin Pdie"

A}rrha}i}g H~mgq

Olle; Chmin `}hnm ~l hbqma~q

Aliima~hb` dbn Mvdghbhb` Ihcm Qahmbam Bl~molle) zd`mq 1:'14

mdafmr Gdq~mr Qzrhb` Phin Pdie

Gd~mrhdiq


12/36

Bl^mq


Zrmzdrd~hlb

Im~ ~fm afhinrmb eblp d~ imdq~ lbm ndx dfmdn lc ~hgm ~fmx phii

om rm~}rbhb` ~l ~fm qdgm zidam ~fmx shqh~mn hb ~fm cdii"

@d~fmr zfl~l`rdzfq) plrn odbeq) ~fm Cdii Bd~}rm Olle) dbn

dbx l~fmr dr~hcda~q xl} rm~dhbmn crlg ~fm cdii pdie" Zrmzdrm ~l

zrmqmb~ ~fmqm hb aidqq ~l fmiz afhinrmb rmadii ~fhq mvzmrhmbam hbdq g}af nm~dhi dq zlqqhoim"

Drrdb`m ~l fdsm d adgmrd dbn chig clr ~fm pdie" Hc xl} nlb~

fdsm lbm) dqe db dn}i~ sli}b~mmr ~l orhb` lbm lr `m~ d

nhqzlqdoim lbm" Hnmdiix) ~fmrm qfl}in om d adgmrd clr msmrx

dn}i~ `rl}z imdnmr"

Gdem alzhmq lc ~fm^mdafmr Gdq~mr Qzrhb` Phin Pdieclr

xl}rqmic dbn mdaf lc ~fm dn}i~ sli}b~mmrq"

Zrmzdrm d qm~ lc q}zzihmq clr xl}rqmic dbn msmrx dn}i~

sli}b~mmr) hbai}nhb`;

Bl~mzdn clr ihq~hb` dii ~fm loqmrsd~hlbq dbn algzhihb` dplrn odbe

Gd`bhcxhb` olvmq dbn gd`bhcxhb` imbqmq

Nhqzlqdoim phzmq lr ndgz zdzmr ~lpmiq

Zidq~ha od` dbn d zidq~ha kdr

Aihzzmrq lr qahqqlrq

Qzllbq lr ~rlpmiq

Zmrgdbmb~ gdremr

Adgmrd &lz~hlbdi) o}~ rmalggmbnmn(

Ohbla}idrq &lz~hlbdi5 `rl}zq adb qfdrm dq gdbx dq xl}fdsm(

Nmahnm flp ~fm afhinrmb phii ~dem chmin bl~mq" ^fmqm bl~mq drm

}qmn pfmb ~fm afhinrmb gdem zd`mq clr ~fm bd~}rm olle hb

Imqqlb 48" ^pl lz~hlbq drm;

Prh~m lbqahmbam bl~molle zd`mq 1:'14" &Orhb` dilb` mv~rdzdzmr hb adqm ~fmx bmmn glrm zd`mq"(

_malrn lb oidbe zdzmr lb aihzoldrnq" &Diilpq ~fmg ~la}~ ~fmhr bl~mq dbn hii}q~rd~hlbq dzdr~ ~l }qm hb ~fm bd~}rm

olle lr d~~daf ~l ~fmhr qahmbam bl~molle zd`mq"( &Lz~hlbdi( Chbn chmin `}hnmq lc cilpmrq dbn ohrnq ~l ~dem lb ~fm

pdie" Zidb ~l orhb` ~fm chmin `}hnm ~l hbqma~q) ~ll"

Qmm ~fmQahmbam Amb~mrqma~hlb lb zd`m ?10 clr q}``mq~hlbq

dol}~ nhqzidxhb` h~mgq aliima~mn lb ~fm qzrhb` Phin Pdie"

^mdafmr Gdq~mr ?1


13/36

Bl^mq

y ALIIMA^HB@ # MVDGHBHB@ IHCMy IMQQLB y @LHB@ LB D QZ_HB@ PHIN PDIE

mdafhb` ~fm Imqqlb

Mb`d`m

Hb~rln}a~lrx Nhqa}qqhlb

GdBd`mGmB^ Bl^m; Xl} gdx afllqm ~l fdsm ~fhq nhqa}qqhlb ~fm ndx

omclrm ~fm Phin Pdie"

4" _mcima~ lb pfd~ ~fm aidqq loqmrsmn n}rhb` ~fmhr cdii shqh~ ~l ~fm

q~}nx qh~m"

Qflp ~fm afhinrmb zfl~l`rdzfq) plrn odbeq) dbn l~fmrdr~hcda~q xl} rm~dhbmn crlg ~fm cdii pdie" Nhqa}qq pfd~ ~fmx

qdp) fmdrn) qgmiimn) dbn cmi~ ~fd~ ndx"

_mdn ~fm cdii bd~}rm olle dil}n) flblrhb` mdaf afhinqalb~rho}~hlb"

?" Nhqa}qq ~fm cliilphb` `ldiq clr ~fm alghb` shqh~"

Chbn qlgm~fhb` ~l nrdp dbn prh~m dol}~ clr d aidqq bd~}rmolle dol}~ qzrhb`"

^dem chmin bl~mq" &Glnmi flp ~l nl ~fhq) zrm~mbnhb` ~l chbnqlgm~fhb` ~fd~ hq hb~mrmq~hb` ~l xl}) ~fmb prh~hb` bl~mq lr

gdehb` d nrdphb` dol}~ ~fm h~mg"(

Ille clr ~fhb`q ~fd~ fdsm afdb`mn qhbam ~fmhr idq~ shqh~~l ~fm qh~m" &Qlihah~ qlgm hnmdq clr flp ~fm mbshrlbgmb~

gh`f~ om nhccmrmb~ lb ~fhq qzrhb` ndx ~fdb h~ pdq n}rhb`

~fm cdii shqh~"(

1" Mq~doihqf `}hnmihbmq clr pfd~ ~l loqmrsm hb ~fm chmin dbn pfd~~l aliima~ clr ~fm aidqqrllg" Qzmbn d cmp ghb}~mq ~diehb`

dol}~ ~fm m~fhaq lc aliima~hb` dbn loqmrshb` bd~}rm) hbai}nhb`

~fm cliilphb`;

Loqmrsm glq~ ~fhb`q hb ~fm chmin ph~fl}~ aliima~hb` ~fmg"

@m~ zmrghqqhlb ~l aliima~ qlgm~fhb` clr c}r~fmr q~}nx dbnlbix ~dem qgdii t}db~h~hmq"

Loqmrsm rdrm ~fhb`q ph~fl}~ nhq~}rohb` lr aliima~hb` ~fmg"

^rmd~ ihshb` ~fhb`q `mb~ix"

_m~}rb lsmr~}rbmn rlaeq dbn il`q ~l ~fm pdx ~fmx pmrmcl}bn ~l zrl~ma~ ~fm dbhgdiq ~fd~ ihsm ~fmrm"

>" Fdsm ~fm afhinrmb `m~ ~fmhr qahmbam bl~molleq lr aihzoldrnq

dbn fmdn clr ~fm qh~m lc xl}r qzrhb` Phin Pdie"

Qahmbam Bl~mollezd`m 14

Qahmbam Bl~mollezd`m 1:


14/36

Bl^mq


Bl^mq

Qmbqlrx Loqmrsd~hlb

qdcm^xBl^m; Nlb~ im~ ~fm afhinrmb qh~ hb db drmd ph~f zlhqlblde) zlhqlb hsx) lr l~fmr zlqqhoim fd{drnq" Ad}~hlb ~fm afhinrmb

dol}~ orlemb `idqq dbn l~fmr ~rdqf) dbn dol}~ zidb~q ihem q~hb`hb`

bm~~im ~fd~ gdx ad}qm rmda~hlbq"

4" Ph~f ~fm afhinrmb qh~~hb` t}hm~ix d~ ~fm q~}nx qh~m) fdsm ~fmgglsm d ih~~im glrm ~fdb d fdbnq rmdaf dzdr~ crlg dbxlbm miqm

dbn ailqm ~fmhr mxmq" Ph~fl}~ da~}diix dbqpmrhb`) dqe ~fmg ~l

gdem ~fm cliilphb` qmbqlrx loqmrsd~hlbq;

Pfd~ nl ~fmx fmdr< Ohrnq< Hbqma~q< Imdsmq r}q~ihb`" Dq afhinrmb plre) ahra}id~m dbn qmm hc ~fmx drm fdshb` ~rl}oim

nmahnhb` flp ~l rmalrn ~fm ihshb` ~fhb` lr qh`b lc ihcm ~fmx

fdsm aflqmb" Xl} gh`f~ `hsm ~fm afhinrmb hnmdq dol}~ ~fm

ehbnq lc ~fhb`q ~fmx gdx rmalrn" Clr mvdgzim) xl} gh`f~ dqe;

Pfmrm nhn ~fmx chbn h~

]bh~ Dqqmqqgmb~Ohl Ohb`l) zd`m 1>

T}hae Afmae H~mgq

Q}ggd~hsmLzzlr~}bh~hmq

Ihshb` ^fhb`q Ai}q~mrZd`m 13) h~mg 45

zd`m 10; h~mgq ?) 15 dbnzd`m 16; h~mg 3

C}b`h Ai}q~mrZd`m >8; h~mg ?

C}b`h Ai}q~mrZd`m >8; h~mg 4


27/36

?6 y ALIIMA^HB@ DBN MVDGHBHB@ IHCM y ZM_CL_GDBAM ^DQE MSDI]D^HLB @]HNMIHBMQ

Ihshb` ^fhb`q Zha~}rmIhshb` ^fhb`q Ai}q~mr &Imqqlbq 4=) 4:) 40) 48) dbn ??(

Ahraim lr alilr ~fm zha~}rm hc h~ hq d ihshb` ~fhb`"

^MDAFM_ BL^MQ;

]qm ~fhq dqqmqqgmb~ dc~mr ~mdafhb` Imqqlb ="

Lbam ~fm afhinrmb fdsm ahraimn lr alilrmn ~fmhr zha~}rmq) xl} gh`f~ afllqm ~l dqe ~fm

t}mq~hlb ~fd~ cliilpq lrdiix) hbnhshn}diix) lr hb `rl}zq

MSDI]D^HLB@]HNMIHBM;

Afhinrmb qfl}in ahraim lr alilr ~fm zidb~) ~fm qbdhi dbn ~fm gl}qm"

Flp nl xl} eblp ~fm ~fhb`q xl} ahraimn lr alilrmn drm dihsm" &Imqqlb >( Ahraim ~fm zha~}rmq pfmrm xl} adb chbn ihshb` ~fhb`q" Xl} adb

ahraim glrm ~fdb lbm zha~}rm"

zhim lc imdsmq nhr~

~rmm qaflli zidx`rl}bn


30/36

16 y ALIIMA^HB@ DBN MVDGHBHB@ IHCM y T]HAE AFMAE DBQPM_ EMXQ

=" &Imqqlb =( Xmq lr Bl

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