collaborative learning by distance chorus on the internet
TRANSCRIPT
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Collaborative Learning by
Distance Chorus on theInternet
Takashi Kishida
Graduate School of Information Sciences,
Hiroshima City University
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Background Broadband networks
Multimedia communications
New learning style : Interactive distancelearning
Period for Integrated Study
To encourage communicationability
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Motives of DistanceChorus Is it possible to sing with other
students through the Internet?
Distance chorus is one candidate Expectations
More active collaboration for students thandistance learning
An effective chance for teachers andstudents to know the possibility ofmultimedia communications usingbroadband networks
A virtual experience to communicatestudents at remote locations sometimes
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Technical Issues
We tried distance chorus using someexisting
TV conference systems
Clear video and audio are required.
Especially, audio is more important.Network delay is very serious.
Existing video conference tools are not
enough.
We got a few technical issues
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On Network Delay
Place
A
PlaceB time
Less than about 100ms
We need a new audio conference system
Network Delay Network Delay
the existing audio conference tools
doesn't satisfy this condition
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MRAT
To achieve shorter delay
Development of a multipurpose audio
transmission system called as MRAT(Multipurpose RAT) MRAT was developed on the basis of RAT
RAT(Robust Audio Tool) is one of audioconference systems
Achievement of short delay and an errorcorrection mechanism to recover packetlosses
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Feature of MRAT
About 140msAbout 130msAbout 70msImplementeddelay
HighMiddleLowRobustness
Reliabletransmission
Smoothinteraction
Audiosynchronizati
on(Short delay)
Mainrequirement
AnyLess than 400ms
Less than 100ms
Allowabledelay
Distancelecture
Audioconference
Distancechorus
Target
BroadcastingConversationChorusMode
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Audio Quality of MRAT
0
3
69
12
15
Analog Phone AM broadcasting FM broadcasting Music CD
Audio Quality
Thenumberofanswer
MRAT is almost same quality with FMbroadcasting.
Enough for music (chorus)
( Samples = 15 persons )
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The exchange usingDistance Chorus
Practical experiment of distance chorusat two elementary schools.
Purpose
To improve communication ability Method
Pre-exchange Web chat (to introduce students
interesting of the partner school) Preparation of presentation to
introduce themselves
The exchange day Distance presentation
Distance chorus
1. Opening greetings
2. Introduction of eachschool
3. Exchange of eachschool song
4. Questions and
answers on each school5. Exchange of songs fora partner
6. Distance Chorus
7. Ending greetings
Flow of Exchange
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Hiroshima City Uni
akushima Elementary School(Main melody)
inami-Kanon Elementary(Sub melody)
Experimental IPnetwork
10Mbps, widearea Ethernet
7075ms
DistanceChorus
Accompaniment
Accompaniment
Accompaniment
Submelody
Main+Sub
melody
Accompaniment
+Sub melody
Accompaniment
+Main melody
Mainmelody
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Impression of the exchange(Before the class)
What is your expectation? Or what is yourworry?
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Presentation Music performance Face-to-face
interaction
Introduction
thenumberofanswers
Positive
Negative
The same result would be obtained if the class was held
not in the case of using the network but in the case of
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Impression of the Children
I enjoyed the exchange.
I want to have this kind of class again,
and become more friendly with them.
Im glad to see the partner in spite ofdistance.
How did the partner feel to us?
Majority of thedescriptions
Interesting descriptions
The children had more interest in thepartnerActive collaboration seems to be
effective to improve communication
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Scalability of Distance Chorus
How wide area torealize distancechorus?
Lightpropagation:2100km in 70ms
Metropolitannetwork within anarea of a fewhundredskilometers.
Auckland
By this restriction
The mostideal
situation
Its realizable as a regional
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Conclusions
Development of a new system fordistance chorus.
An active collaboration overnetworks can be realized by usingbroadband networks and oursystem
Possibility of educationaleffectiveness through activecollaboration
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Future Problems
Improvement of MRAT such asadaptive control
New educational applications usingMRAT
Distance ensemble Volume control is difficult
Distance chorus at three schools
Additional Experiments
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Discussion (1)
Educational Purpose of Distance Chorus To encourage communication ability of the
children with the different schools
To give children a chance ofcommunications using the network
Impacts and Effectiveness of DistanceChorus An effective chance for teachers and
children to know the possibility ofmultimedia communications usingbroadband networks.
An active class is More effective than an
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Hiroshima City Uni
akushima Elementary School(Main melody)
inami-Kanon Elementary(Sub melody)
Experimental IPnetwork
10Mbps, widearea Ethernet
7075ms
7 msjitter
2.1 msTransmission
delay
monoChannel
32kHzSampling rate
Linear-16 PCM
Coding
DistanceChorus
Accompaniment
Accompaniment
Accompaniment
Submelody
Main+Sub
melody
Accompaniment
+Sub melody
Accompaniment
+Main melody
Mainmelody
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To realize the DistanceChorus
70ms
140ms
accompanimen
t
Mainmelody
Submelody
Ideal tolerant delay
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On Network Delay (2)
Tolerant delay in distance chorusshould be less than about 100msby repeating experiments.
New development for distancechorus:
MRATMultipurpose RAT
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Hiroshima City Uni
akushima Elementary School(Main melody)
inami-Kanon Elementary(Sub melody)
Experimental IPnetwork
10Mbps, widearea Ethernet
7075ms
DistanceChorus
Accompaniment
Accompaniment
Accompaniment
Submelod
y
Main+Sub
melody
Accompaniment
+Sub melody
Accompaniment
+Main melody
Mainmelody
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Impression of the Exchange(After the class)
0
20
40
6080
100
120
140
Usefulness of web-
chat?
Try again? Hope of real meeting
thenumbero
fstudent Positive
Fair
Negative
the distance class including a distance chorus wasjust one step of the whole study to improve
communication ability rather than impact event