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MODELThe Collaboration Model

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Properties of Collaboration

• Audience • What is the

direction of the communication?

• Artifacts • What are we

leaving to those who are absent?

• Time Frame • How long do we

need to keep the Artifacts of the Collaboration?

Audience

ArtifactsTime

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Audience – What is the direction of the communication?

One to One (1:1) (The Conversation)

• Personal Notes

• Instant Message

One to Many (1:*) (The

Announcement)

• Wedding Announcement

• Blogs• Websites• Published

Books

Many to Many (*:*) (The Brainstorm)

• Chain Letters• Wiki’s• Message

boards• Unmoderated

Chat Rooms

Many to One (*:1) (The Feedback

Loop)

• Classic Feedback Loop

• Political Campaigns

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Artifacts – What are we leaving to those who are absent?

Written

Verbal

Visual

• Transcript of a Speech

• MP3 of a Speech

• Video / Photos of a Speech

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Time – How long do we need to keep the Artifacts of the Collaboration?

Real

time

• Given and received in real time• Leaves very little in terms of Artifacts

Queued

• Artifacts left by the communicator• Artifacts generally consumed by the recipient

Long

Term

• Leaves long term artifacts• Artifacts have a “draft” or “work in progress”

quality

Static

• Long term permanent artifacts• Artifacts have a final or completeness quality

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Audience vs. Time withArtifacts

Real time

Queued

Long Term

Static

1:1

aaaaaaaaaaaa

1:* *:* *:1

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Audience vs. Time withWritten Artifacts

Written

Real time

Queued

Long Term

Static

1:1

Text Messaging /

Instant Messaging

Email

My Documents

Surface Mail

1:*

Moderated Chat Room

Profiles /Blog

Website

Printout

*:*

“Google Wave”

Message Boards / Groups

Wiki’s

Text archival of the above

*:1

Chat Room

Feedback Forms

Usage Logs

Behavioral Reports

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Audience vs. Time withVerbal Artifacts

Verbal

Real time

Queued

Long Term

Static

1:1

Conversation

Phone

Audio File / “MP3”

CD / Tape / LP

1:*

Speech

Podcast

Audio Book

CD / Tape / LP

*:*

Brainstorming

Conference Call

CD / Tape / LP

*:1

Audience Reaction

Phone In Campaign

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Audience vs. Time withVisual Artifacts

Visual

Real time

Queued

Long Term

Static

1:1

Video Phone

1:*

“WebEx”

Video Podcast

Video Hosting

DVD

*:*

Video Conferenc

e

YouTube

*:1

Interviews

Longitudinal Study

Film / Video of Above

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You Can Rotate These Grids

Real time

Queued

Long Term

Static

Visual

“WebEx”

Video Podcast

You Tube

DVDs

Verbal

Telephone

Voice Mail

MP3

CD/LP/Tape

Written

Instant Messaging

Email

Document

Book

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COLLABORATIONWhat is Collaboration

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What is Collaboration?

• All business processes contain unautomated workflows• Humans are the exception handlers at these break points• Collaboration is the act of handling these exceptions• Collaboration consists of:

1. Synthesizing personal aesthetics, logic, and experience around a media

2. Communicating to an specific audience 3. Within a specific timeframe

• The timeframe when information is still in a medium prior to audience consumption is the Mediation Gap

• The Mediation Gap is the weakest link in the collaboration process• IT’s job is to provide tools and technologies that enable processes to

narrow the mediation gap; creating memorable, permanent, findable artifacts

• Collaboration tools focus specifically on this Mediation Gap

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Collaboration in Action

Almost all Business Processes start as a verbal request

Move towards work assignments along multiple vectors

Eventually the intended recipient receives the communication

In the end artifacts with long term persistence are left

Version “2.0” begins as feedback on areas for improvement are received

Example A

‘Boss’ says: “I want a new website!”

Build the website, design the graphics

Email to affected employees, new link on home page

SDLC documents and the actual website

“I can’t find the…”, “Its too hard to use the…”, “Its not compatible with…”

Example B

“We are going to offer a new energy savings plan.”

Design the survey

Mass mailing from SCE to customers

Statics on adoption of plan

“We saved the company $X by spending $Y. We can increase that by Z%.”

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Collaboration Breaks Down

• Collaboration breaks down when– Tools are not adequate – X is needed and the tool does Y– Training on tools is not adequate – Tools are too new– Tools do not talk to each other – Too many exception to

handle• When collaboration breaks down, Artifacts are not:

– Created– Stored– Searchable– Auditable

• Therefore users respond by reverting to using what they know “works”– People Process – I will meet with them– Paper Process –I’ll just print it out– Silos – I will only work with the people I trust– Complaining – This sucks!

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?

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Where is the Portal

• Portals aggregate artifacts from points of collaboration and present them to their appropriate audience

1

*

SAP

Written

Verbal

Visual

OSWritte

n

VerbalVisual

Collab.

Written

VerbalVisual

1

*

1

*

1

*

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Focus on Artifact / Data Synchronization

Data

DataD

ata

SAP

Written

Verbal

Visual

OSWritte

n

VerbalVisual

Collab.

Written

VerbalVisual

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The 90 – 10 – 1 Rule in Social Media Adoption

• Of those people who use your Social Media Tool:– 1% will create– 10% will comment– 90% will consume

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Total Population

Target with Percent Roll Out

Content Creator Pamper 1% Phase 1

Content CommenterEmpowerment 10% Phase 2

Content Consumer Training 90% Phase 3

People who reject your tool

Promotions / PR ? Phase 4

People who don’t know about your tool

Advertising ? Phase 4

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What is Collaboration?

Process A.1 Process A.2Collaboration

• All business processes contain unautomated workflows• Humans are the exception handlers at these break points• Collaboration is the act of handling these exceptions

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media

personal aesthetic

s

logicExperience

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What is Collaboration?

• All business processes contain unautomated workflows• Humans are the exception handlers at these break points• Collaboration is the act of handling these exceptions• Collaboration consists of:

1. Synthesizing personal aesthetics, logic, and experience around a media

2. Communicating to an specific audience 3. Within a specific timeframe

• The timeframe when information is still in a medium prior to audience consumption is the Mediation Gap

• The Mediation Gap is the weakest link in the collaboration process• IT’s job is to provide tools and technologies that enable processes

to narrow the mediation gap; creating memorable, permanent, findable artifacts

• Collaboration tools focus specifically on this Mediation Gap

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