cold war politics by: ray, brennan and jessica. retreat from the new deal section 1
TRANSCRIPT
Cold War Politics
By: Ray, Brennan and Jessica
Retreat From the New Deal
Section 1
A conservation Turn
• Nixon candidate for congress in 1946
• Nixon said “ one was and advocated by new deal is government control regulating our lives. The second one is called for individual freedom and all that initiative can produce”
Fears about the economy
• Basic goods shot up by 25% in the mid 1946
• There were more strikes, measured in the lost work hours than any other time in American history.
• Truman raised prices on the people to get more money for war.
Backlash against the New Deal
• Robert Taft made a bill that ban a work place only union members could be hired.
• the bill also allowed stated to pass right to work laws wish outlawed union shops.
• the bill helped balance power so people had more saying.
• Truman went to war with congress over the Taft Hartley bill which was called slave labor bill.
• Bill was passed with no help from Truman.
Truman fights the Taft Hartley Bill
The up hill race in 1948
• Harry Truman never wanted to be president.
• wished someone else would take the job.
Daunting prospects.
• People thought Truman was soft on labor and communism.
• Nobody like Truman because prices were so much higher on stuff.
• The progressives party appeared to be a serious political contender that could spoil Truman's chances for reelection.
Civil Rights.
• Truman was a longtime supporter of equal rights for African Americans.
• Civil rights issues shattered the democrats national convention.
• Conservative southern democrats the so called “Dixiecrats” broke from the party to form a state right demarcate party.
Running on the rails • Truman claimed that the republicans were not
serious about solving the nations problems. • The 18th congress rejected: aid to farmers, a
minimum wages hike from 40-75 cents. A house bill increased social security converge and new price controls.
• From labor day to election day Truman took his famous train trip or known as whistle-stop tour in cars that belonged to FDR.
• Truman won the election.
The fair Deal
• The fair deal registered is successes
• The social security system was used to cover 10 million more people
• Minimum wage rose from 40-50 cents per hour.
• The housing act of 1949 authorized the construction of about 800,000 law-in-come units.
The Cold War at Home
Section 2
The fear of communism at home
• With the end of WW2 their was a huge power grab politically in the world between capitalism and communism.
• With that fear growing citizens and politicians worried of communism growing in the United States.
The hunt for communists
• With the Soviet Union developing an atomic bomb and the spread of communism around the world, some politicians used fear as a way to defeat enemies and grab political power.
• Congress created the House Un-American Activities Committee or the HUAC.
• One of there first issues that they looked for is communist influence on FDR’s New Deal.
• 1947 the HUAC led by then congressman Richard Nixon started hearings against suspected communist most notably Alger Hiss .
• Whittaker Chambers (senior editor at Time Magazine and communist sympathizer) was closely involved with Alger Hiss.
• Chambers now a staunch anti-communist testified against Hiss.
• Hiss was a Harvard law graduate, was a clerk for a Supreme court justice and served as a “New Dealer” under FDR.
Role of Chambers
• Even after Chambers testimony and FBI investigations a New York grand jury failed to bring indictment against Hiss.
• In late 1948 the case took a bizarre turn, investigators visited Chambers farm to find micro film showing secret state dept. documents that were traced to Hiss.
• Hiss was convicted in 1950 of two counts of perjury and sentenced to five years in prison.
Truman joins Red Hunt
• In 1947 Truman instituted the Federal Employee Loyalty program.
• Under the program any connection to a communist party member was enough to put a government worker out of a job.
• From 1947-1951 the “Loyalty board” investigated 3 million government employees, 3000 were forced to resigned and 212 were fired.
• No probes uncovered subversion or espionage
McCarran Act
• McCarran Act made it illegal for Americans to engage in activates that would create a communist government.
• Truman vetoed the McCarran Act declaring “ in a free country, we punish men for crimes they commit, but never for the opinions the hold.” Congress easily overrode the veto.
Justice served
• In the early 1950’s Ethel and Julius Rosenberg were charged of conspiracy to sell specs for manufacturing an atomic bomb to the Soviets.
• On June 19, 1953 the Rosenberg’s were put to death.
• Recently released Soviet documents seem to confirm the Rosenberg’s guilt.
McCarthy Era
• July 1950 Senator Joseph McCarthy took up the anti-Communist cause.
• The power hungry McCarthy accused many of communist ties but never produced a shred of credible evidence.
• Republicans in his own party thought he was a loose cannon and often distanced themselves from him.
McCarthy takes on U.S. Army
• 1954 McCarthy accuses U.S. Army of communist conspiracy.
• Army attorney Joseph Welch shredded McCarthy’s charges of conspiracy.
• In 1954 the Senate voted to condemn McCarthy, he later died in 1957.
The Eisenhower Years
Section 3
The Eisenhower Years
• Eisenhower made people think that things might come out alright.
• He won the confidence of the American people.• When he spoke he sounded like the family
doctor because his voice was very soothing.
Partner In Crime
• Eisenhower had good political instincts, because he choose senator Nixon as his running mate.
• Senator Nixon had tons of experience and was a champ of anticommunism.
Ike
Ike’s election campaign was organized, efficient, and determined.
• He promised to “clean up the mess in Washington”.
• He promised to go to Korea him self and end the war.
A Second Term
• The 1956 election was basically a rerun of the 1952 election.
• Once again Eisenhower squared off with Adlai Stevenson and won.
Space Race
• Trouble threatened when Castro came to power in Cuba.
• In 1957 the Soviets sent up Sputnik 1, the first satellite.
• Four months after that the U.S. sent up Explorer, the Counties answer to Sputnik.
• Later that year, Congress created The National Aeronautics and Space Administration AKA NASA.
Paving America
• Ike wasn’t concerned with blazing a path into space, but he wanted to start paving new roads across the country.
• The second Eisenhower term was the biggest and expensive public works program in American history: Construction of the federal interstate highway system.
Nations Cost
• Congress appropriated $32 billion to build 41,000 miles of highways.
• Ten years later, cars and trucks crisscrossed the nation along the world’s finest highway system.
• The final cost was more than $80 Billion.
Ike’s Legacy
• Ike described himself as “conservative when it comes to money and liberal when it comes to human beings”.
• During his terms, congress extended Social Security to cover another 7 million people and unemployment compensation to cover another 4 million people.
• The minimum wage increased from 75 cents to $1, and federally financed housing for lower-income families increased.
1960 Election
• Kennedy versus Nixon meant Catholic versus Protestant.
• It was Kennedy the spender against Nixon the fiscal conservative.
• The two men had similar opinions on foreign and domestic issues.
• Nixon had to disagree publicly with Kennedy because he had to support his administration’s view.
• In 1960 Kennedy was not a vigorous advocate of civil rights and Nixon had long been a moderate on the issue.
Campaign Issues
• The U.S. had been left behind again when the Soviets sent a dog into space.
• Violent Communist movements in Asia had not ended with the Korean War, but were only shifting to southeast Asia in a little country called Vietnam.
New Era
• For the first time, the electronic media- TV and radio- were becoming a big factor in a presidential campaign.
• Kennedy liked all the attention and being on TV because of his good looks and humor.
The Election
• This election was one of the closest in history.
• Kennedy took 49.7 percent of the popular vote to 49.5 percent for Nixon.
• The electoral vote were Kennedy 303 to Nixon 219.
QUESTIONS1) During the Nixon- Kennedy presidential campaign, TV and radio, also
known as the _________, became an important factor.
2) Dwight Eisenhower practiced a management style based on group agreements called ________.
3) Which of the following was not an accomplishment of the Eisenhower administration?
A Construction of the interstate highway systemB Creation of NASAC Expansion of social security benefits and unemployment
compensationD Passage of the Traft- Hartley Act
4) What was the cost for paving 41,000 miles of highways in the U.S.?A $20 BillionB $30 BillionC $32 BillionD $35 Billion
5) What did they find on Chambers Farm?A Micro FilmB CookiesC PassportD A top secret formula for a nuclear war
6) Was Eisenhower an aggressive talker or a very sweet and soothing talker?
7) After WW2 what were people so afraid of?
8) Truman took his famous train Tour know as what?A CHU CHOO TourB Whistle Stop TourC Around the country tourD Railroad Tour
9) What was the McCarren Act?
10) True or False, did Harry Truman ever want to be president?
11) When did McCarthy Die?A 1951B 1957C 1956D 1958
12) In 1949, minimum wages raised from 40 cent to 75 cent.
True or false
13) What was the HUAC?A House of un-American activities committeeB How un-American Are CowsC How to Use A ComputerD House of Utter acting Cats
14) Truman went to war with congress over what bill?A Draft BillB Taft Hartley BillC Good Neighbor BillD Peace Bill
15) Did Eisenhower turn down an offer for $40,000 from McCall’s magazine just to say whether or not he was a republican or not?
True or False