Cold War Origins

• Relations between the Soviet Union and U.S. broke down after WWII.

• Beyond opposition against Nazi Germany, they had nothing in common.

• Two Superpowers after WWII: USA and the Soviet Union.

• 1945-1990: rivalry called the Cold War.• Political and ideological struggle between

the US and the USSR that spread throughout the world.

• Struggle that contained everything short of war.

Yalta Conference

• Yalta: Feb.1945: FDR, Stalin, and Churchill met.

1.The establishment of the United Nations

2.Division of Germany into four zones: France, Britain, Soviet Union and USA

3.Free elections allowed in the countries of Eastern Europe

4.Russia’s promise to join the war against Japan.

Iron Curtain

& Potsdam

• Eastern European countries became satellite nations of Soviet Union.

• Remember, Stalin promised free elections in these countries.

• Potsdam Conference: July, 1945: After Germany would be officially divided in half.

Germany After WWII

Containment

• If U.S. can keep communism from expanding, it would eventually fall apart.

• American policy of containment: keeping communism within its existing borders.

• Requires full commitment of U.S. economic, political and military power.

Containing Communism

• 1947: Greece and Turkey battle against communist revolutions.

• Congress gave $400 million.

• Truman Doctrine.

Marshall

Plan • European

Recovery Program.

• $13 billion to Western Europe.

• 2 MAIN motivating factors…

• Map of Germany divided into zones after WWII

Berlin Blockadeand Airlift

•By 1948: West Germany prospered.• Stalin fears… •Blocked traffic from West Germany to West Berlin.•Berlin Airlift.

Alliances• 1949: NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

• Warsaw Pact.

The Korean War 1950-1953• Civil War in China

since 1920’s…• Nationalists: Chiang

Kai-shek.• Communists: Mao

Zedong.• Civil War continued

after WWII.• U.S. sent billions to

help Nationalists before and after WWII.

• B1949, Communists captured capital city Beijing.

• Mao Zedong established communist People’s Republic of China in 1949.

• Containment failed in China.

APUSHMarch 17, 2015

1. Reminders…2. Unit 8 Exam Changed to

March 303. Ch. 26 Quiz: Tomorrow4. Ch. 27 Quiz: Fri. 3/205. Ch. 28 Quiz: Wed. 3/256. Ch. 29 Quiz: Fri. 3/277. Finish the Korean War8. Crash CourseVideo : Korean War

The Korean War 1950-1953

• Japan occupied Korea before and during WWII.

• After WWII, Allies divide Korea at 38th parallel.

• Soviet Union controlled the North; U.S. controlled the South.

• Communist government in North Korea led by Kim-il Sung.

• Anti-Communist government in South Korea: Syngman Rhee.

• North Korea built large military with help from the Soviet Union.

• North Korea capital city: Pyongyang.

• South Korea capital city: Seoul.

• June, 1950: North Korea invaded South Korea.

The Korean War 1950-1953• Truman ordered U.S. military into action (led UN coalition)• Douglas MacArthur• North Korean military drove American and South Korean

forces to Pusan.• Americans fought hard trapped at Pusan Perimeter until

reinforcements arrived.• Sept., 1950: MacArthur ordered surprise invasion at

Inchon.• North Koreans forced to retreat back across 38th parallel.• MacArthur and Americans soon pushed North Koreans to

Yalu River; border with China.

The Korean War 1950-1953• Nov. 1950: China launched attack across Yalu River.

• Hundreds of thousands of Chinese drove American and UN forces back across 38th parallel.

• Truman begins talks of peace settlement.• Angers MacArthur: didn’t want to “cut a deal” after

so many of his men were killed.• April, 1951: Truman fired MacArthur:

insubordination.• Truman favored limited war: fought with objective

of containing communism.• Aug.1951- US and UN forces pushed Chinese and

North Koreans back across 38th parallel.• War settled down and became stalemate with little

fighting for next two years.• July, 1953: Armistice (cease fire) signed.• Over 35,000 Americans died in battle.• 1.5 million Chinese and North Koreans killed.

APUSHMarch 23, 2015

1. Unit 8 Exam is Monday, March 30

2. Ch. 28 Quiz: Wed. 3/253. Ch. 29 Quiz: Fri. 3/274. Notes: Begin the 1960’s5. Video Clip: the 1960’s

The Election

of 1960

Democratic Ticket John F. Kennedy for

presidentLyndon Johnson for vice

president

Cuba

Bay of Pigs Invasion

• Fulgencio Batista

• Cuban Revolution: 1953-1959 led by Fidel Castro

• Plot to overthrow Castro began under Eisenhower

• CIA led operation = full scale Cuban invasion.

• Cuban exiles: over 1,400

• April, 1961.• 114 killed,

rest taken as prisoner.

Berlin Wall- 1961

Cuban Missile Crisis• October, 1962

• Khrushchev sent nuclear missiles to Cuba.

• 13 Day Ordeal

JFK Assassination

• Nov. 22, 1963:Dallas, TX.

• Dealy Plaza

• Lee Harvey Oswald

• Jack Ruby• Warren

Commission

March 24, 2015APUSH

APUSHMarch 23, 2015

1. Unit 8 Exam is Monday, March 30

2. Ch. 28 Quiz: Tomorrow3. Ch. 29 Quiz: Fri. 3/274. Notes: LBJ, Great Society,

Vietnam War5. Video Clip??? the 1960’s

LBJ1963-1968

• War on Poverty (19%)

• Office of Economic Opportunity (Job Corps & Head Start)

• The Great Society

• Medicare/Medicaid

• Dept of Housing and Urban Development

• Immigration Act of 1965

Vietnam War History

• From late 1800’s to the end of WWII, French controlled Indochina.

• Controlled by Japan during WWII.

• Japan surrendered Indochina after WWII.

• France tried to resume its’ control

• First Indochina War (1946-54)

• French vs Vietminh• Vietminh led by

Communist Ho Chi Minh

Early Involvement in Vietnam

• US helped France financially & with military supplies under Truman and Eisenhower.

• US paid 80% of French war costs by 1954.

• DOMINO THEORY

• Dien Bien Phu (May 7, 1954)

Early Involvement in Vietnam• Geneva Convention(1954)

• Geneva Accords: Temporary division at 17th parallel into North Vietnam and South Vietnam.

• Elections are to be held in 1956.• Ngo Dinh Diem ruled South Vietnam in Saigon.• Ho Chi Minh led North Vietnam in Hanoi.

War in Vietnam• 1956: Diem did

not allow elections.

• Angered Ho Chi Minh and communist supporters in South: began a guerilla war.

• US helped Diem with financial and military aid (advisersand supplies) in South Vietnam under Eisenhower and JFK.

War in Vietnam• National Liberation Front formed in South

Vietnam.• NLF: Communist political and military organization

working to overthrow Diem.• Military wing of NLF: Vietcong• VC assassinated hundreds of S. Vietnamese

government officials.• VC grew more powerful in South; Diem needed

help to survive!• US sent more American military advisers to train

the South Vietnamese army (ARVN)• JFK: 1961-1963: from 2,000-16,000 US

military personnel.

Overthrow of Diem

• American officials worked with ARVN officials to overthrow Diem.

• Nov. 2, 1963- Diem assassinated.

Gulf of Tonkin

• August 2, 1964: North Vietnamese torpedo boats fire on USS Maddox in Gulf of Tonkin.

• Congress passed Gulf of Tonkin Resolution.

Operation Rolling Thunder & Napalm

• American sustained bombing missions over North Vietnam known as “Operation Rolling Thunder ” (1965)

• Ho Chi Minh Trail

Search & Destroy• US used

"Search and Destroy” tactics.

• This alienated the peasants from the American/South Vietnamese cause.

The Tet Offensive• By 1968, things had gone from bad

to worse for LBJ.• In January, North Vietnam and the

NLF launched coordinated attacks against major Southern cities.

• Known as the Tet Offensive, these designed to force the LBJ to the bargaining table.

Election of 1968

• 2 Democrats challenged LBJ in 1968…

• Eugene McCarthy

• Robert F. Kennedy

• Sirhan Sirhan• March, 1968: LBJ

says no more• Republican:

Nixon

My Lai MassacreMarch, 1968