cold war - mario g. valadez instructor of history - home · •cold war –what are the origins of...
TRANSCRIPT
Today’s Topics • Cold War
– What are the origins of the war?
– What is McCarthyism? – How did the fight against communism influence the
building of Dodger’ stadium in Los Angeles?
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• End of War II 1945 – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HpYCplyBknI
• Planning the Postwar World
– Potsdam Conference
• Bretton Woods, New Hampshire
– The World Bank
– The International Monetary Fund
• The United Nations
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• The Roots of Containment
– George Kennan’s telegram
• Containment 1946 – influenced by the Heartland Theory 1904
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• The Truman Doctrine
– Truman determined to put the policy of containment into effect.
– Backing for Greece and Turkey
– CIA 1947
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• The Marshall Plan
– A pledged to contribute billions of dollars to finance the economic recovery of Europe.
– One of the most successful foreign aid programs in history.
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Bales of American cotton in a warehouse at the
French port of Le Havre, 1949
• The Marshall Plan https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lf0axpYS6CA
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• The Reconstruction of Japan
– General Douglas MacArthur, the “supreme commander” in Japan until 1948, Japan adopted a new, democratic constitution.
– http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/USA-Update/2015/0720/Mitsubishi-apologizes-for-using-American-WWII-POWs-as-forced-labor
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• The Berlin Blockade
– Soviets cut off road and rail traffic to Berlin. – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u9kX6ZkiGuE&feature=related
– In 1949, the Soviet Union obtain an atomic bomb.
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• The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
– NATO pledged mutual defense against any future Soviet attack.
• Warsaw Pact
– Alliance between the Soviets and eastern Europe
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NSC 68 and the Ideological Cold War 1950 p.216
• Discuss the following questions
• Why does NSC 68 view the Soviet Union as different from other great powers?
• What does NSC 68 commit the U.S. to?
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– the National Security Council approved a call for a permanent military buildup to enable the United States to pursue a global crusade against communism.
– NSC-68 increase in military spending
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• The Korean War 1950-1953
– Armistice agree restores prewar status quo. – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y44Y5-EL99Q
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• The Truman Presidency
– Executive Order 9981
• 1948 Desegregates the military
• The Brooklyn Dodgers added Jackie Robinson to their team in 1947.
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• The Cultural Cold War
– battle for the “hearts and minds” of people throughout the world.
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• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YWbIJC57rk0
• Totalitarianism
– Origin WWII
– Used to describe Germany & Italy
• U.S. in 1954 includes “Under God” to the pledge allegiance.
• 1956 in currency
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Salt of the Earth 1954
• http://www.archive.org/details/clacinonl_SaltOfTheEarth
• Why do you think this movie was banned?
McCarthy and McCarthyism
– McCarthyism - part 2/5
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IbonUljQn5Q&list=PLq95VLi-iLAUYjAqsNji4lEpMmqWLWG15
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• Anticommunist Politics
– The McCarran Internal Security Bill of 1950
– The McCarran-Walter Act of 1952
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The Golden Age 1950-1973 • A Changing Economy
– Since the 1950s the American economy has shifted away from manufacturing.
– USA economy 1950s – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mctiO5FWWWI
– 9 mins
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• A Suburban Nation
– The main engines of economic growth: residential construction & spending on consumer goods.
– Home ownership came within reach of the majority of Americans.
• Levittown
– California became the most prominent symbol of the postwar suburban boom.
29 $7,990 or $60/month with $100 downpayment.
Suburban Living: The Typical TV Suburban
Families The Donna Reed Show 1958-1966
Leave It to Beaver 1957-1963
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
JPnG1-CbkYM
Father Knows Best 1954-1958
The Ozzie & Harriet Show 1952-1966
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t-qk4FMTkKo
• A Segregated Landscape
– The suburbs remained segregated communities.
– This restriction appeared in a deed of the Crawford Realty Company in the office of the Register of Deeds for Cuyahoga County, Cleveland, Ohio.
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The Eisenhower Era • Eisenhower and Nixon
• The 1952 Campaign
– This campaign illustrated the importance of TV in politics.
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y9RAxAgksSE&feature=related
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• Origins of the Vietnam War
– Anticommunism led the United States into deeper involvement in Vietnam.
– A peace conference in Geneva temporarily divided Vietnam at the 17th parallel.
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j73zDe1jxl4&feature=related 10mins
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The emergence of a popular culture suggested that significant generational tensions lay beneath the bland surface of 1950s life.
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• Rock-and-Roll (1950s)
• Origins in rhythm & blues, country, & Jazz
• Elvis Presley
• Heartbreak Hotel 1956 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PotB76gi2_4
• The Beats
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=su75_
mcryO4
• Origins of the Movement
– In the 1950s the United States was still a segregated and unequal society.
A segregated school
in West Memphis
7 46
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• The Legal Assault on Segregation
– legal challenges to the “Separate but Equal” in
• 1896 in Plessy v. Ferguson.
–Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas • Segregated schools violated the equal protections of
the law guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UlYPMlHl-88
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• The Montgomery Bus Boycott
– Brown ensured that it would have the backing of the federal courts.
• Rosa Parks
• Bus boycott
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– The Montgomery Bus Boycott marked a turning point in postwar American history.
• Martin Luther King Jr. as the movement’s national symbol.
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Martin Luther King Jr. Letter from a Birmingham Jail 1963 p.268-271
• Who is the author?
• When this document written?
• Who is the targeted audience?
• Why is he writing this letter?
• Why does Martin Luther King Jr. believe that moderates are a greater obstacle to the movement’s success than outright racists?
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