Cold War (1945-1991)

1st World – Capitalists, Democratic led by the USA

2nd World- Communist- led by the Soviet Union (USSR)

3rd World- Developing Nations Fought Over

Iron Curtain Speech – Winston Churchill

• “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia; all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject, in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and in some cases increasing measure of control from Moscow.”

“Step on it Doc!”

Cold War

• Marshall Plan- (European Recovery Act)– Economic assistance to all European nations

• 16 western European parts

– $13 billion in American aid– By 1950, European industrial production is up 64%– Communist strength declines– American trade revived

• Point Four Program– 4th point in Truman’s 1949 Inauguaral address– Economic/technical aid to poor free nations

Cold War- Europe

• Containment-– Keep communism where it currently is

• Avoid domino-effect of nations moving politically towards Soviet Union

• Truman Doctrine-– U.S. supports democracy in civil wars– Bolster armed forces in Turkey and Greece

• $400 million in aide

Cold War

• 1946- Atomic Energy Commission• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h0YH4XHdZq H- Bomb Test

• National Security Act of 1947- – Creates Department of Defense

• Combines armed services under one department

– National Security Council (NSC)– Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

Germany Divided

– Germany is split between Britain, France, the U.S., and the U.S.S.R.

– Stalin blockades Western Berlin b/c Western Germany becomes united

Germany- The First Cold War Battleground

• Germany Divided

• Berlin Airlift-– Truman orders airlift

– 10 months + 2.5 million tons of material – Provided for 2 million people

– June 1948 – Spring of 1949

Outcome of Berlin Airlift

•October 1949-

– Western Germany = Federal Republic– Eastern Germany = Democratic Republic

Collective Security

• North Atlantic Treaty Organization– April 1949

– 12 nations (including U.S.)

– Any armed attack against a NATO nation will result in military retaliation from other nations

• (protection from Soviet invasion)

• Warsaw Pact of 1955

Cold War- The Asian Front

• Truman “gets tough”

• China Problem-– Chiang Kai-Shek– Mao Zedong