cold injury prevention environmental health 596-1062 596-1062
TRANSCRIPT
COLD INJURY PREVENTIONCOLD INJURY PREVENTION
Environmental HealthEnvironmental Health
596-1062596-1062
TYPES OF COLD WEATHER TYPES OF COLD WEATHER INJURIESINJURIES
ChilblainsChilblains Immersion FootImmersion Foot Trench FootTrench Foot Frost BiteFrost Bite HypothermiaHypothermia
Snow BlindnessSnow Blindness Carbon Monoxide Carbon Monoxide
PoisoningPoisoning DehydrationDehydration Heat ExhaustionHeat Exhaustion
SUSCEPTIBILITY FACTORSSUSCEPTIBILITY FACTORS
1. Previous Cold Weather Injury1. Previous Cold Weather Injury
2. Rank Below E-42. Rank Below E-4
3. Fatigue3. Fatigue
4. Race and Geographic Origin4. Race and Geographic Origin
5. Nutrition: 3000 to 4000 calories5. Nutrition: 3000 to 4000 calories
6. Overactive or Immobile6. Overactive or Immobile
SUSCEPTIBILITY FACTORSSUSCEPTIBILITY FACTORSCont.Cont.
7. Alcohol, Drugs, or Tobacco7. Alcohol, Drugs, or Tobacco
8. Exposed Situation: Guard Duty, 8. Exposed Situation: Guard Duty, Sleeping Areas, VehiclesSleeping Areas, Vehicles
9. Wind Velocity9. Wind Velocity
10. Temperature of Exposure10. Temperature of Exposure
11. Duration of Exposure11. Duration of Exposure
USE OF ACRONYM C.O.L.D.USE OF ACRONYM C.O.L.D.
A. C = keep it A. C = keep it cleanclean
B. O = avoid overheatingB. O = avoid overheating
C. L = wear it in loose layers.C. L = wear it in loose layers.
D. D = keep it D. D = keep it dry.dry.
CHILBLAINSCHILBLAINS
Inflammatory swelling or sore, usually Inflammatory swelling or sore, usually below 50 degrees F. with high below 50 degrees F. with high
humidity.humidity.
CHILBLAINSCHILBLAINS1. Symptoms1. Symptoms
Pale and colorlessPale and colorless Upon rewarming, red in colorUpon rewarming, red in color Hot, tender, and itchyHot, tender, and itchy Skin may blisterSkin may blister
CHILBLAINSCHILBLAINS2. First Aid2. First Aid
Mild Case: Warm and dry gentlyMild Case: Warm and dry gently Severe Case: Dry sterile dressing and Severe Case: Dry sterile dressing and
protect from further exposureprotect from further exposure
CHILBLAINSCHILBLAINS3. Prevention3. Prevention
Protect exposed areas with adequate Protect exposed areas with adequate clothingclothing
Use the “Buddy System”Use the “Buddy System”
TRENCH/IMMERSION FOOTTRENCH/IMMERSION FOOT
Results from prolonged exposure of Results from prolonged exposure of skin to cold or wet conditions, skin to cold or wet conditions,
usually at 50 degrees F or colderusually at 50 degrees F or colder
TRENCH/IMMERSION FOOTTRENCH/IMMERSION FOOT1. Symptoms1. Symptoms
Cold toes and feetCold toes and feet SwollenSwollen DiscoloredDiscolored Waxy and numbWaxy and numb Blisters may developBlisters may develop
TRENCH/IMMERSION FOOTTRENCH/IMMERSION FOOT2. First Aid2. First Aid
Dry feet carefullyDry feet carefully Apply foot powderApply foot powder Clean and wrap looselyClean and wrap loosely Do Not break blistersDo Not break blisters Evacuate to nearest medical facilityEvacuate to nearest medical facility
TRENCH/IMMERSION FOOTTRENCH/IMMERSION FOOT3. Prevention3. Prevention
Keep feet dryKeep feet dry Avoid tight bootsAvoid tight boots Exercise feet and legsExercise feet and legs Wear proper clothingWear proper clothing
FROSTBITEFROSTBITE
Freezing of tissue or moisture in the Freezing of tissue or moisture in the skin due to exposure to skin due to exposure to
temperatures below 32 degrees Ftemperatures below 32 degrees F
FROSTBITEFROSTBITE1. Symptoms1. Symptoms
Loss of sensation or numb feelingLoss of sensation or numb feeling Sudden blanching of the skin, followed Sudden blanching of the skin, followed
by tingling feelingby tingling feeling Redness of skin in light-skinned people Redness of skin in light-skinned people
Grayish color in dark-skinned peopleGrayish color in dark-skinned people
FROSTBITEFROSTBITESymptoms cont.Symptoms cont.
Blisters may develop: 24-36 hours Blisters may develop: 24-36 hours (superficial) 12-30 (deep)(superficial) 12-30 (deep)
Swelling or tender areasSwelling or tender areas Loss of previous sensation of pain in Loss of previous sensation of pain in
affected areasaffected areas Pale, yellowish, waxy looking skinPale, yellowish, waxy looking skin Frozen tissue, solid to the touchFrozen tissue, solid to the touch
FROSTBITEFROSTBITE2. First Aid2. First Aid
Protect injury from further coldProtect injury from further cold Move casualty to warm areaMove casualty to warm area Warm affected area evenly with body Warm affected area evenly with body
heatheat Improve circulation by exerciseImprove circulation by exercise Remove constricting clothing and jewelryRemove constricting clothing and jewelry Reassure the casualtyReassure the casualty
FROSTBITEFROSTBITEFirst Aid cont.First Aid cont.
Do Not rub the affected area with snowDo Not rub the affected area with snow Do Not rewarm the affected area by Do Not rewarm the affected area by
massaging or exposing to open flamemassaging or exposing to open flame Do Not allow the casualty to walk if feet Do Not allow the casualty to walk if feet
are frozenare frozen Do Not attempt to thaw seriously frozen Do Not attempt to thaw seriously frozen
areasareas
FROSTBITEFROSTBITE3. Prevention3. Prevention
Eat properly and oftenEat properly and often Wear clothing properlyWear clothing properly Avoid direct Avoid direct skin exposureskin exposure Do Not stay inactive for long periodsDo Not stay inactive for long periods Use the “buddy system” to check Use the “buddy system” to check
exposed areasexposed areas
HYPOTHERMIAHYPOTHERMIA
Medical term for lowered core body Medical term for lowered core body temperature, caused by exposure to temperature, caused by exposure to cold. Aggravated by wet conditions.cold. Aggravated by wet conditions.
HYPOTHERMIAHYPOTHERMIA1. Symptoms1. Symptoms
Pale skinPale skin DizzinessDizziness DrowsinessDrowsiness DisorientedDisoriented Slurred speechSlurred speech StumblingStumbling Mind dimmedMind dimmed
HYPOTHERMIAHYPOTHERMIASymptoms cont.Symptoms cont.
Body slows downBody slows down Exercise tires you quickerExercise tires you quicker Casualty stops shiveringCasualty stops shivering Person wants to lay down and sleepPerson wants to lay down and sleep Pulse is faint or undetectablePulse is faint or undetectable UnconsciousnessUnconsciousness DEATHDEATH
HYPOTHERMIAHYPOTHERMIA2. First Aid2. First Aid
Rewarm body evenly and without delayRewarm body evenly and without delay Keep dry and protect from elementsKeep dry and protect from elements Give food and warm liquids to produce Give food and warm liquids to produce
body heatbody heat Do not massage casualtyDo not massage casualty Do not give casualty alcoholDo not give casualty alcohol
HYPOTHERMIAHYPOTHERMIAFirst Aid (Severe)First Aid (Severe)
Evacuate immediatelyEvacuate immediately Avoid further heat lossAvoid further heat loss Handle gentlyHandle gently Stabilize temperatureStabilize temperature
HYPOTHERMIAHYPOTHERMIA3. Prevention3. Prevention
Eat properly and oftenEat properly and often Dress in layersDress in layers Drink plenty of waterDrink plenty of water Stay physically fitStay physically fit Keep activeKeep active Stay dryStay dry
SNOW BLINDNESSSNOW BLINDNESS
Inflammation and sensitivity caused by Inflammation and sensitivity caused by exposure of the eyes to ultraviolet exposure of the eyes to ultraviolet light rays reflected by the snow or light rays reflected by the snow or
iceice
SNOW BLINDNESSSNOW BLINDNESS1. Symptoms1. Symptoms
Feeling of grit or sand in eyesFeeling of grit or sand in eyes Pain in and over the eyesPain in and over the eyes Watering and redness of the eyesWatering and redness of the eyes HeadacheHeadache
SNOW BLINDNESSSNOW BLINDNESS2. First Aid2. First Aid
Instruct casualty not to move his/her Instruct casualty not to move his/her eyeseyes
Protect eyes with bandages or Protect eyes with bandages or sunglassessunglasses
Seek medical attentionSeek medical attention
SNOW BLINDNESSSNOW BLINDNESS3. Prevention3. Prevention
Wear sunglassesWear sunglasses Use improvised sunglassesUse improvised sunglasses Don’t wait until discomfort begins to Don’t wait until discomfort begins to
wear sunglasseswear sunglasses
CARBON MONOXIDECARBON MONOXIDE
Colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. Colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. Created by incomplete combustion.Created by incomplete combustion.
CARBON MONOXIDECARBON MONOXIDE1. Symptoms1. Symptoms
Headache, nausea, dimmed vision, Headache, nausea, dimmed vision, dizziness, and chest paindizziness, and chest pain
Symptoms may or may not give warning Symptoms may or may not give warning prior to collapseprior to collapse
Skin turns cherry redSkin turns cherry red
CARBON MONOXIDECARBON MONOXIDE2. First Aid2. First Aid
Move casualty to fresh airMove casualty to fresh air Artificial respiration if necessaryArtificial respiration if necessary Keep warm and allow the casualty to Keep warm and allow the casualty to
restrest
CARBON MONOXIDECARBON MONOXIDE3. Prevention3. Prevention
Assure proper Assure proper ventilationventilation Don’t use unvented engines or Don’t use unvented engines or
equipmentequipment Turn heaters off when not needed Turn heaters off when not needed
(during sleep) or provide fire guard(during sleep) or provide fire guard
Heat Exhaustion Heat Exhaustion 1. Symptoms1. Symptoms
Mouth, tongue and throat become Mouth, tongue and throat become parched and dry.parched and dry.
A feeling of general tiredness and A feeling of general tiredness and weakness sets in.weakness sets in.
Muscle crampsMuscle cramps Sudden loss of consciousness.Sudden loss of consciousness.
Heat Exhaustion Heat Exhaustion 2. First Aid2. First Aid
Keep the victim warm, but loosen Keep the victim warm, but loosen clothingclothing
Gradually feed the victim warm liquidsGradually feed the victim warm liquids They will need plenty of restThey will need plenty of rest Get the victim to medical personnel as Get the victim to medical personnel as
soon as possiblesoon as possible
Heat Exhaustion Heat Exhaustion 3. Prevention3. Prevention
Increase water intakeIncrease water intake Take off clothing in layers when workingTake off clothing in layers when working
DehydrationDehydration2. First Aid2. First Aid
Take casualty to cool, shaded areaTake casualty to cool, shaded area Have casualty drink water in small sipsHave casualty drink water in small sips
DehydrationDehydration3. Prevention3. Prevention
Increase water intakeIncrease water intake If urine is dark, more water is neededIf urine is dark, more water is needed
UNIFORM WEARUNIFORM WEARMilitary Cold-Weather System PrinciplesMilitary Cold-Weather System Principles
INSULATEINSULATE LAYERLAYER
VENTILATEVENTILATE
UNIFORM WEARUNIFORM WEARExtended Cold-Weather Clothing SystemExtended Cold-Weather Clothing System
First Layer-Polypropylene undershirt First Layer-Polypropylene undershirt and shortsand shorts
Second Layer-Synthetic Fiber Pile shirt Second Layer-Synthetic Fiber Pile shirt and polyester trouser linersand polyester trouser liners
Third Layer-Polyester field jacket liner Third Layer-Polyester field jacket liner and field trousersand field trousers
UNIFORM WEARUNIFORM WEARCont.Cont.
Fourth Layer-Windproof, waterproof Fourth Layer-Windproof, waterproof parka and trousersparka and trousers
Fifth Layer-Camouflage over whitesFifth Layer-Camouflage over whites