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BritishTRANSCRIPT
THE LIBRARYOF
THE UNIVERSITYOF CALIFORNIALOS ANGELES
A CATALOGUEOF
ENGLISH COINSIN THE
BRITISH MUSEUM.
ANGLO-SAXON SERIES.
Volume II.
(WESSEX AND ENGLAND TO TEE NOBMAN CONQUEST.)
BY
HERBERT A. GEUEBER, F.S.A.,
ASSrSTANT KEU'ER OF COINS AND MEDALS;
AND
CHARLES FRANCIS KEARY, M.A., F.SA.
WITH ONE MAP AND THIRTY-TWO PLATES.
LONDON:PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES.
B. QUARITCH, 15, Piccadilly, W.
;
Henry Frowde, Oxford University Press Warehouse, Amen Court, E.C.
;
C. RoLLiN & Feuardent, 19, Bloomsbury Street, W.C, and 4 Rue Louvois, Paris;
A, AsiiER & Co. ; Kegan Paul, TRiJBNER & Co. ; Longmans, Green & Co.
1893.
r^)si)OM :
•Ul.\li;t> liV WIM.IAM CUiWhlS AND SONS, LIMlTliD,
bTAUFuKI) ^Tla:KT AND CIIABING CKUSS.
PRii::-.^-Aii.
CJ
PREFACEBY THE KEEPER OF COINS.
This volume of the Catalogue of Englisli Coins in the British
Museum contains descriptions of the Coins of Wessex from
Ecgheorht to Eadwig, and of those of All England from
Eadgar to the Norman Conquest. Taken in conjunction with
the first volume, which dealt with the coinages of Mercia,
Kent, East Anglia, and Northumbria, it completes the descrip-
tion of all the Anglo-Saxon Coins in the National Collection.'C3'
In the lists of moneyers given in the first volume the names
of those not represented in the National Collection were
inserted. In the present volume this scheme has been further
extended by including all known types of Coins, whether or
not represented in the Museum series. The names of
moneyers and the descriptions of the types of Coins not in
the Museum are printed in italics.
As the Coins in the volume are all Silver Pennies (unless
otherwise described), the weight only of each piece is given,
and not the size or metal.
This volume has been compiled by Mr. H. A. Grueber, F.S.A.,
Assistant Keeper of Coins, and by Mr. Charles F. Keary, F.S.A.,
the author of the first volume. Mr. Keary is responsible for
the Introduction, and Mr. Grueber for the description of the
Coins, the Indexes, the Illustrations, and for seeing the work
through the press.
BAKCLAY y. HEAD.
21 .'55135
CONTENTS.
PAGB
PREFACE iii
INTRODUCTION xi
Arrangement ......... xi
Contents of Present Volume ...... xi
Typos and Moneyors not in National Collection included . xii
Relation of coinage to history ...... xii
History xiii
Ec^'beorht .......... xiii
Rise of the power of Wessex ..... xiii
Battles of Camel ford and Ellandune . . . . xiv
Extent of power of Ecgbeorht ..... xv
Institution of a West Saxon coinage . . . . xvii
Distinction between Kentish and West Saxon types . xix
Type derived from Prankish coinage .... xx
First coming of the Vikings ..... xxi
Coins carried by Vikings from England to Ireland . . xxii
^thelwulf xxiii
Viking attacks on England continued . . . . xxiii
jEthclbald's rebellion and the j^artitiun of the Kingdom. xxv
iEthelbald xxvii
Extreme rarity of ^Ethelbald's coins cannot be explained xxvii
^thelbearht ......... xxviii
.ffithelred I xxviii
Vilving invasion of England ...... xxviii
The three great invasions of England during the period
covered by the present volume .... xxix
' Vikinga ' distinguished from ' Danes ' of the tenth
and eleventh centuries . . . . . . xxix
Republican character of tiie Vikings .... xxx
Invasion of Wessex ....... xxxii
Alfred .......... xxxii
First payment of ransom to the Vikings . . . . xxxiii
London coinage of Hal fdan . ..... xxxiv
VI rONTKNTS.
Unnuuy—JVAtntl—roHtintiril.
rriici<« <linK« "f ({ullKjnn'H army
I'lw't- of Wwlnioro . . . • •
Im'n«i«' in tin- |M>wor of Kiij,'liHh kinfjH
UikIiUi of coliiHgt! r<-«C!rvr<l for over-king
lABt m-riouH nttiy-k of the Vikings .
Clironologiral orrangonifiit of ^Tiifrcds coinage
Viking. coinages, bnrbaroua Imitotions of Wcbbcx coinage,
A<-
FninkiMil and Scandinavian moneyers .
Snniiiinry of ' Viking' coinages
Jjidwwird tiic Elder
Rebellion of iEthclbald
F'xteiminn of West Saxon rule
Iluilding of the //Hr(;»i .....Sulimiiwion nf Vikinj:;3 ))y 'armies'
Improvement of coinage under Eadweard the Elder
ifltlielHtnn .......Scandinavian States in Northern Europe
South-Humbrian and Northumbrian Danes .
CJreatnesB of ^Ethelstan.....Nmiiismatic records of extension of English rule
Uiittle of Brunauburg .....Eadniund .......
Kndmund and the Northumbrian Danes .
Submission of the Five Burgs and of Northumbria
Eadn'd ........Kovolt of Northumbria ....Nortliumbriau coinage an evidence of power of Danish
Kings of Northumbria ....Ett'lwi;: ........
Em of txternal peace begins with Eadwig
Religious struggles .....Ea«lg5ir •••.....
English and Danes in Wales
Homage to Eadgar on Dee ....Coinnge of Eadgar .....
Kavlwtaril II. ..... ^
.Klholretl II
Cntues of the decoy of the English nation
Bncial and religious divisions
Renewal of Nortliern invasions
< >lnf Tryggvasmi ....
CONTENTS. vu
HiSTOEY—jEthelied 11.
—
continued.
Battle of Maldou
Olaf and Svend ....JSthelred's revenge on Danes in England
Massacre of St. Brice....Fall of Olaf Tryggvason at Svold
Marriage of ^thelred and EmmaInvasion of Svend .
Dancgeld .....Conquest of England by Svend
Death of Svend ....Invasion of Cnut .
Eadmund Ironside ....Treaty of Olney
Death of Eadmund Ironside
Coinage of Ethelred II. ; its great influence
navia ......Cnut
Scandinavian Empire ruled by Cnut
Establishment of standing army of huscarls .
Peace established by Cnut
Cnut's viceroys ....Harold I
Murder of iElfred the ^theling .
Fall of Cnut's Empire .
Harthacnut .....Coinage of Danish kings
Edward the Confessor
The house of Godwine .
Norman influence
Harold II
Invasion of Harthacnut and Tostig
Battle of Stamford Bridge
Norman Conquest .....Coinage of Edward the Confessor and of Harold II
MONEYERS
Large number of moneyers' names . .
Difficulties in the way of determining exact form intended
Earlier moneyers' names all Anglo-Saxon forms .
Appearance of Frankish and Scandinavian names .
Status of moneyer ......Signification of ' Mouct.,' ' Moneta"...
Scandi-
Ixxiii
Ixxiv
Ixxv
Ixxvi
Ixxvi
Ixxvii
Ixxvii
Ixxviii
Ixxix
Ixxix
Ixxix
Lxxx
Ixxx
Ixxx
Ixxxi
Ixxxii
Ixxxii
Ixxxiii
Ixxxiv
Ixxxvi
Ixxx^^ii
Ixxxvii
Ixxxviii
Ixxxviii
Ixxxix
xcii
xcii
xciii
xciv
xciv
xcv
xcv
xcvi
XCVlll
xcviii
xcix
cii
ciii
ciii
cv
Vtll CONTENTS.
TAOK
Tviw cvi
llmir n-lifcioiw rimniotcr cvii
Kloml (Icaifni*. ImiMingii, Ac, on coinB .... cvii
Origin or myal buat, crown, helmet, &c. ..... cvii
roitraituro on coinH cvii
Inilc|M>nJfnt chamctcr of typos of English coins • cviii
MrjfTfl cviii
Anglo-Saxon laws relating to mints . . ... cviii
Qrowtb of mints ........ ciz
Diflloiilticfl in identifying mints ...... ex
Chanj^ps of dies ........ ex
Historical notes on doubtful and new mints . . . . cxi-cxxi
BuMMAUT of History and Anglo-Saxon coinage .... cxxi
Map or Enoi^nd illustrating the Anglo-Saxon Mints.
CATALOGUE—Kingdom of Wessex
ECGUEoRIlT
Moneyers
Ty|KS
Coins .
.aitbelwulf
Mont'jers
Types
Coins .
iEtholhald
Monoyere
Coins
.£tl)clbearlit
Moneyers
Typos .
Coins
iBthclred I.
Moneyers .
Types .
Coins
.£1frpd
Bloneyers .
Types .
Coins
1
1
1
1
6
9
9
9
13
21
21
21
22
22
22
23
27
27
27
28
32
32
33
38
CONTENTS. IX
PACE
Kingdom of Wessex—continued.
Eadweard the Elder ........ 83
Moneyers ......... 83
Types 84
Coins 87
.ffithelstan 101
Moneyers. ........ 101
Types 103
Coins 105
Eadmund 122
Moneyers......... 122
Types 123
Coins 124
Eadred 142
Moneyers 142
Types .......... 143
Coins ......... 144
Eadwig 156
Moneyers 156
Types 156
Coina 158
Kingdom of England ........ 163
Eadgar .......... 163
Moneyers ......... 163
Types 165
Coins 168
Eadweard II. (The Martyr) 191
Moneyers ......... 191
Types 192
Coins . . • 192
^thelra3d II 197
Moneyers ......... 197
Types 202
Coins 208
Cnut 243
Moneyers ......... 243
Types 248
Coins 255
Harold 1 302
Moneyers 302
Types 304
Coins 307
CONTENTS.
KiNitiN)M or V.s^^l.^Sl^-continu«(l.
320
MoiM'jTrn ...-•••Typwi ^^^
CoinH 325
Kdwnnl tlio Confessor 329
Mom-yoni 329
Typ<* 334
Coins ......•••• 339
Iliiroia II 460
Monoycre ......... 460
Typos 461
Coins 461
Ikpkxrs 475
(Jcniml Index ......... 477
Index of Moneyora ........ 495
IndcxofTyjKB 532
Index of MiuU) 537
Tables 541
INTRODUCTION.
The present volume of the Catalogue of English Coins Arrange-
continues and completes the description of the coins which *^^^^"
were struck in this country between the Coming of the
English and the Norman Conquest. As it was impossible to
describe in one volume the whole number of pieces, issued
during this period, which are contained in the National Col-
lection, the arrangement adopted has been to distribute the
coinage into certain classes corresponding to the different
heptarchic kingdoms in which the coins were struck. Theheptarchic kingdoms of which we possess coins are five
:
Mercia, Kent, East Anglia, Northumbria, and Wessex. Thecoinages of the first four of these districts are described in
Volume I. The coinage of Wessex has been reserved for
the present volume, as it merges into that of All England.
These last two series—or say, rather, this single series in
its completeness—is of course more extensive than those
of the other kingdoms put together ; and if the first object
kept in view had been the preservation of a uniformity in
the size of the volumes, it would have been better to
describe in Volume I. the coinage of Wessex down, say, to
the reign of Eadgar, and to reserve the coinage of All
England—and Eadgar's coins may fairly be so described—
for the second Volume. But this arrangement would have
involved breaking into a series which is really continuous
;
and the compilers of the Catalogue felt that that would be
too great a sacrifice to make for the sake of a merely
superlicial uniformity. As it is, we see that the body of
the present volume contains, with indexes, &c., 54.4 pages
as compared with the 282 pages of Volume I., and the
description of 4106 coins as compared with 2558 previously
xii INTRODUCTION.
aoHoribod. Tlina tho wlu.lo collection of Anplo-Saxon coins
in the HritiHli MuHoum, or, if the exproHHion bo preferred, of
coins struck l.y the EntjliHli previons to tho Norman Conquest,
numbers at the present njoment i'liU'A.
In the last volume the plan was adopted of enlarf,Mng the
contents of tho Catalogue somewhat beyond the limits sug-
gested by its title and its immediate purpose, by inserting, in
the lists of monejers, names which are not represented in the
National Collection. Of the present volume the scheme
has been further extended to include all types of coins
whether or not represented among the Museum coins. The
comparative poverty of the National Collection in certain
branches— as, for example, in the coins of iEthelred II., of
which the Stockholm Museum possesses a much larger
number than does the British Museum—rendered this ex-
tension of the jdan of the Catalogue highly desirable if not
absolutely necessary.
Tho period of history covered by the coinage described in
this volume extends from the accession of Ecgbeorht of
AVcssex—the lirst king of Wessex who struck coins—to the
Norman Conquest, or from a.d. 802 to a.d. 106d, a period of
two centuries and a half. To speak, however, with strict
accuracy we should date the beginning of the period from the
battle of Ellandune, a.d. 825, for, as will presently be seen, it
is not probable that Ecgbeorht struck any money before that
event. To some extent the present period overlaps that
covered by tho first volume. It is necessary to assume that
the reader of the present Introduction has read, or is in a
position to read, the Introduction to and the body of the
preceding volume; for it would be impossible to repeat at
length either the history of the coinage or the description
of certain series of coins there given. It is, again, not the
part of the compilers of the Catalogue to enter into any-
thing like a detailed history of England for the period
under consideration. The only details to which we need
descend are those which immediately afi'ect the issue of the
coinage. These will not be many. As a rule, the point at
which the history of the currency touches political history
is in the wider social aspects of the latter. It illustrates
INTRODUCTION. Xlll
the peaceful or disturbed state of the country by its excellence
or its barbarism ; the wealth of the country at any jmrticular
time by its quantity. Some of the coinages with which wehave to deal are records of the recovery of England by the
English kings ; for we find .^Ethelstan and his successors
striking at mint places which a short while before had been
in the hands of the Danes. At another time the coinage of
England, taken in connection with those of some neighbour
countries, is a record of the rapprochement which had taken
place between England and the Scandinavian countries of
Europe. But even in such cases as these we must not look
to the coins to give us exact dates or any of the minute
details of history.
The reign of Ecgbeorht brings to a close the first great Histoky.
period in the history of the English, that of the long Ecgbeorht.
struggles between the heptarchic kingdoms of England.
These struggles, as was pointed out in the last volume,
were due chiefly, first to the rivalries of Northumbria andMercia, secondly to the rivalries of Mercia and Wessex.
Mercia rose for a second time to pre-eminence under Ofia,
with whom begins the continuous (penny) coinage of
England : and it retained this pre-eminence under Coenwulf,
Ofia's son. In their reigns the kings of Kent and EastAnglia were little better than viceroys to the kings of
Mercia. Beorhtric, the king of Wessex, Ofta's son-in-law,
was in much the same position. Ecgbeorht, the legitimate
prince, was driven from Wessex and took refuge at the
Court of Charles the Great. It is probable that his exile
dates from the marriage of Beorhtric to the daughter of
Offa, and was continued till Beorhtric's death, that is for
a period of thirteen years (a.d. 789-802).*
We need not here stay to discuss the theories which have
been enunciated of the imperial ambition which might have
been fostered in Ecgbeorht's mind by his friendship with
the first emperor of the New Western Empire. For there
was in reality nothing essentially new in the policy of
See Die. Nat. Bhg. s.v. Egbert.
xiy INTROniTCTION.
W0H8OX uiulor hor now kin^. EcgboorlifH policy wrh the
jM.licy of nil the lioi)tftrchic kiiiKH who Mt thomselves
Hutlii-irntly Mroup, to cntcrtftin it. The poHition of WoHsex,
howovor, as jin outpoHt of iMigli.sh conquest, obliged itH
king to concern himsolf much with the subjugation of
hiH Celtic neighl)()urH, the North Welsh of Wales proper
and the West Welsh of Cornwall. This warfare in which
Ecgbeorht was first engaged was the concern of Wessex,
not in any sense a national English warfare. After his
victories over the Celts (First harrying of the West Welsh,
A.I). 815; victory of Camelford a.d. 825), the policy of
Wessex required that Ecgbeorht should, if possible, assert
his supremacy over ]\Iercia, or he would once more sink into
iusigniticance. Ecgbeorht's Welsh wars were so far from
being ' national ' wars, that Mercia had taken advantage of
them to invade Wessex. But Mercia was no longer as great
as it had been when Ecgbeorht fled to Fraucia. Ecgbeorht
was favoured by the failure of the great line of Ofifa, by the
rise of kings of inferior worth, and, as is probable, by a
disputed succession. (Deposition of Ceolwulf, and accession
of Beornwulf, not of Ofta's line, a.d. 822 or 4. See Vol. I.
p. Iviii.)
Beornwulf was defeated by Ecgbeorht at the battle of
EUandune before spoken of. This victory established the
supremacy of Wessex. The Clironicle continues, speaking
of Ecgbeorht :' He then sent .."Ethelwulf his son . . . with
Ealhstan his bishop, and Wulfheard his ealdorman, to Kentwith a large force ; and they drove Baldred the king north
over the Thames. And the Kentish people and those of
Surrey, and the South Saxons and the East Saxons turned to
him because they had been unjustly forced from his kinsmen.'*
• From hi$ nutgum. ^fa^lJ luay nitftii only a neighbour. But the kinsmenhcrr muiDt ftn.> prolwbly tho former kings of Wessex, such as Inc. of whomK<-j;l)oorlit WHS a rehiticin, not a descemlant. There is jxrhaps a difficulty
for this translation in nferring the * him' {him tocirdon, * turned to him ') to
EogUorht. Mr. Earle translates toei'rdon as 'turned away from,' and refers
the him to Rnldre-l, rondiring the whole pajssage, 'They drove Baldred theking over the Thames ; and the Kentish men threw off their allegiance to
him, as did the men of Surrey, Sussex, and Essex, on the ground that theyhad Ux>n originally unjustly subdued by his family.'
INTRODUCTION. XV
This event heralds the foundation of the West Saxon
coinage. The addition of Essex to the kingdom of "Wessex
does not seem to have been maintained.
The year following the East Anglians too prayed the
protection of Ecgbeorht, and when Beornwulf the king of
Mercia sought to punish them, they defeated and slew him.
The same fate befell Beornwulfs successor Ludican. Ecg-
beorht obtained a sort of supremacy over the East Engle
;
and in a.d. 829 the Northumbrians even consented to
acknowledge his over-lordship.
It is now that we first hear of the title of Bretwalda
about which there has been so much discussion among
historians. According to the Chronicle it is the same as
the imperial title which Beda bestows upon some of the
early heptarchic kings. Beda ascribes this imperium to
certain kings, but in a fashion which appears so arbitrary that
it is difficult to formulate any tenable theory as to what it
could have signified, or what was the bretwalda-dom which the
Chronicle says is the same thing. But concerning the latter
I think we may assume that it was rather a bookish dis-
tinction than a real one. A title of pre-eminence which is
not bestowed upon the famous and magnificent Offa could not
have had any strict relation to the possession of real power.
Still, an empty title is quite as often an object 'of ambition
as real power, more especially among barbarous or half
barbarous peoples ; and in reading history we are apt
to give too definite a meaning to such words as suhmission,
tribute, supremacy. Concerning the real power of Ecgbeorht
in England the one thing of which we may be sure is that
it did not extend beyond the Humber. The Northumbrians
we are told met him at Dore (near Sheffield), or by the
stream Dore,* and made submission. The formal act, which
had no real political significance, was, we may be sure,
all that Ecgbeorht required. The Northumbrian kings con-
* This Dore continuctl to be tlie northern boundary of Mercia See A.S.
Chron. (Earlo) s. a. 942. The word is sinii)ly ' door,' used here fur mountain
pass. \Vc may compaie (witli a difference) the name OSgisdyr (the River
Eyder), ' CEgir's door.'
xvi INTHODITTION.
liiiuc.l to iHHUP ft coinage of tlicir own, uninflnonced by tliat
of Houthorn Knglutid.
Ovrr Mrrriii, for some tinio aftor the victory of Ellandune,
the influence of Wessex, as diHtinguiahed from its direct rule,
wuM very great. After their long rivalry, the kings of
Morrift rcinftincd for some generations the allies of the
Wessox kingH, allied for the most part both in policy and in
blood. It is probable, however, that the ancient rivalries
of the two kingdoms would have revived, had not the
Viking invasions given a wholly new complexion to English
history.
Over Kent, including therewith Surrey and the decayed
kingdom of Sussex, the power which the king of Wessex
acquired after the battle of Ellandune was much greater
;
we have seen that as a result of the battle all this country,
that is to say, all the territory south of the Thames, was
definitely added to the possessions of the House of Cerdic.
Wessex and Kent, however (the latter name henceforward
includes Surrey and Sussex) continued to be separate king-
doms, each retaining no doubt its distinctive laws and
customs ; and generally they were governed by different
members of the West Saxon House. When the head of the
house was on the throne of Wessex, the eldest son or the
heir designate was usually King of Kent. In one case
the King of Kent was especially debarred from accession to
the throne of Wessex ; and in another instance we have the
relations of the kingdoms reversed, the father reigning as
King of Kent and the son as King of Wessex. But this
inversion of the usual arrangement was the result of a
rebellion.*
The establishment then of the kings of Wessex in thesupremacy in Heptarchic England is the first great eventin English history covered by the period over whichextend the coinages described in this volume. It is also theInst event of importance previous to the Viking invasion ofsouthern England.
£"gSbL'^^*^ beginning of the West Saxon coinage must not be
• See below, p. xsv.
INTRODUCTION. XVU
looked upon as bronglit about by the wide conquests of
Ecgbcorht, so much as by the incidental fact that his con-
quests included Kent. The coinage of this king is in fact
really a Kentish rather than a West Saxon coinage. This
is shown almost conclusively by the names of moneyers on
the coins of Ecgbeorht as compared with the names on
the coins of his predecessors, the last kings of Kent, or of
the Archbishops of Canterbury, his contemporaries ; and
again, by the types of Ecgbeorht's coins as compared with
those of the same rulers. We must remember, further,
that many of the coins of the kings of Mercia were
probably likewise struck in Kent, and that when we find,
as we do, the same moneyers' names occurring on the
coins of a king of Mercia who reigned not long before the
battle of Ellaudune, and on the coins of Ecgbeorht, the
probability is that these moneyers were Keutishmen whostruck first for one master of their country, and then for
the other.
Applying this test, we find that eight at least of Ecg-
beorht's three-and-twenty moneyers, struck either for the
kings of Mercia or Kent ; in other words, that these menwere probably coining in Kent before the battle of Ellau-
dune. This is as many as the average of moneyers whocontinue in a new reign from the preceding one. Thusof iEthclwulfs thirty-eight moneyers a much smaller pro-
portion, only about six, are survivals from the preceding
reign. There is therefore a greater air of continuity from
the coinage of Ecgbeorht's predecessors in Kent to that
of Ecgbcorht himself, than there is from the coinage of
Ecgbeorht to that of his son ; so that on this ground alone
it would be fair to assume that Ecgbeorht began to strike
coins only as a king of Kent.
The same conclusion is enforced by a comparison of
Ecgbeorht's types with those of his predecessors in Kent, as
we shall presently have occasion to see.
The reader must be referred to the Introduction to the pre-
ceding volume for the history of the introduction of a coinage
into this country, and of the intimate relations which
long subsisted between the currencies issued on the two
xviii INTRODUCTION.
buIgb of the EnRlisli Chnnnfl. TIio conclusion to be drawn
from the close rcliitionHliii) between the Prankish and English
iiioiicy, is that the coinage was then as much used for
purposes of commerco between England and France as for
the purpoHcH of internal trade in this country. The close
relationship between the English and the Frankish coinages
censes witli Ecgbeorht's reign ; and, as we shall have occasion
to see in the latter part of this sketch, its place is before
long taken by a relationship between the coinage of England
and those of the Peoples of the North.
Wessex, on her side, we know, had not experienced the
\Yant t)f a currency before the time of Ecgbeorht;yet we
cannot suppose that in other elements of civilization Wessex
was behind her rival hcptarchic kingdoms—with the ex-
ception perhaps of Northumbria. It possessed, for example,
an admirable code of laws in those of Ine.
If wo compare the laws of Ine with the earlier or
contemporary Kentish laws (those of iEthelbearht or of
"NVihtred), we see that while in the latter the fines imposed
arc evidently reckoned in a current coinage, in the Wessexlaws they are reckoned in the solidus, the usual money of
account. The reckoning by the solidus of account is found,
it need hardly be said, long before the introduction of anAnglo-Saxon coinage into this country (Vol. I. p. v.). Wehave, moreover, in the West Saxon laws the value of parts of
cattle—parts of the ox, the eye, the horn, &c.—reckoned in
the same money of account ; and this makes it probable thatthe custom of cattle payments was still largely in use
—
though no doubt payment by weight of metal was theusual one.
A.s, previous to the accession of Ecgbeorht and in theearlier years of his reign, Wessex did not feel the need ofa currency, it is quite possible that it continued to dowithout one till this king's death. Nay, we shall, as willpresently appear, find one incident in the numismatichistory of the West Saxon kings best explainable on thesupposition that, till after the death of Ecgbeorht's grandson,iEtholbald, Kent still provided all the currency of the south'.
It would not, however, be safe to rely upon this isolated piece
INTRODUCTION. XIX
of evidence, nor even to assert that Ecgbeorht did not strike
money for Wessex.
If we attribute any of Ecgbeorht's coins to Wessex, it seems
most reasonable to ascribe to it those with the legends SAXand SAXON lORVM (for Saxonum),* which we have j^laced last
in the list of Ecgbeorht's types. For at any rate these types
are original and owe nothing to the influence of coins struck
in Kent before it was acquired by the West Saxons. This
attribution is perhaps upon the whole the most reasonable.
If we compare the types of Ecgbeorht's coins with those
of the coins of the kings of Mercia and Kent, and the
Archbishops of Canterbury, we find that (as has been
already said) the large majority of the former are only
copies. Thus
:
Type ii. may be derived from the coins of Ceolwulf I., king
of Mercia [a.d. 822-823 or 824]. Vol. I. p. 40, PL ix. 4.
Type iv. has also a prototype in the coins of Ceolwulf I.,
king of Mercia. lb. p. 40, PL ix. 5.
Type vi. has its prototype in the coins of Coenwulf, king
of Mercia [a.d. 796-822], cf. Ih. p. 35, PL viii. 8.
Types vii. (reverse) xv. (obverse) are copied from coins of
Baldred, king of Kent [a.d. 806-825]. lb. p. 70, PL xi. 11
(obv.). This, as we know, is the king whom Ecgbeorht drove
out of Kent.
Types viii. and ix. (reverse) are from coins of CiiSred, king
of Kent, the predecessor of Baldred [a.d. 796-806]. lb. pp. 68,
69, PL xi. 3, 4 (reverses), 7 (obverse), and 6, 7 (reverses).
The obverses of Types xi. and xii., the reverses of xv.,
xvi. are all probably only developments of the type of the
coins of Baldred. lb. p. 70, PL xi. 9 (reverse).
Type i. calls for special notice. Agreeably with the
principle, which has been generally adopted in this
catalogue, of placing the coins with the indications of a
mint-name before those which have none, those pieces
* ' Saxoniorum ' is a ridiculous form, probably clue only to the ignorance of
the moneyer or of the clerk who gave him liis pattern. Freeman, in his life
of .Alfred (Die. Nat. Biog.), says that the title 'Rex iSaxonum ' wnaunknown before the time of Alfred, and was not common afterwards. Tliose
coins, of course, show that the former statement is incorrect.
XX INTUODUCTION.
which flpcm to have upon thorn tlio monogram of the city
of Ciiiit<«rhury are made tlie first typo of tlio reign. The
typo irt ovitlently one struck in Kont, and therefore, what-
ever may ho thouglit of the otlier types, tliis one must have
hoou issued suhsequcnt to the battle of Ellandune. And
though it is an original type it is far from improbable that
it was one of the first coins struck in Ecgbeorht's reign ; for
this reason, that the monogram on the reverse (C^C) is
without doubt copied from the Karolus-monogram k<^s on
the coinage of Charles the Great. Now Charlemagne died
in A.D. 814, and the monogram was not again brought into
use on the Frankisli coinage until the days of Charlemagne's
grandson, Charles the Bald, who came to the throne after
the death of Ecgbeorht.* The reverse of this Type i. of
Ecgbeorht occurs also on the coins of CeolnoS, Archbishop
of Canterbury (a.d. 833-870) ; see Vol. i., PI. xiii. 7. Butthough the archiepiscopate of CeolnoS begins before the
doath of Ecgbeorht, it extends long subsequent to it ; so that
there is nothing to negative the supposition that the arch-
bishop's coin was copied from that of the West Saxon king.
In truth, from the occurrence of this type in the Delganyhoard (see below, p. xxii.), we may feel pretty sure that it
was in use before the accession of CeolnoS. Ecgbeorht's in-
timate relations with Charlemagne give a certain interest
to this example of one of the types of his coins derived fromone of those of the western emperor, and to the possibility
that this imitation of Prankish coins may have inaugurated
• Tliia derivation of Ecgbeorht's (AC coins from the i^% (or |fc&^) coins
of ("hnrlcnmgiio has an important bearing npon French nTiniismatics. For it
was lit one time keenly ilisputed among French numismatists whether anyof llu> coins wliirh bear tiiis ' Carol us ' or 'Karolus' monogram were to beultrihutrd to Charlemagne, or whether all should not rather bo ascribed toC'hnrloB the Duld, who at the edict of Pitrcs, a.d. S64 {EdMum Pistense,o. II, r.rtz, Li.jri, I., p. I'JO) re-established this type, and made it the soleUy>\\ on,^ f,.r his future issues. The fact that tlie tvpe is found copied on theKnplisli coinage I>efore the accessi.iu of Charles the Bald, and thirty yearsor more lH-fort> the date of the edict of Pitres, is decisive of the controversy.But this nrgument has, so far as I know, never Ijcen employed by Frenchnumisnintittt^.
INTRODUCTION. XXI
his coinage ; thougli the accidents of commercial relation-
sliip have on the whole much more to do with determining
the types of coins than royal alliances or enmities. And this
interest is the greater from the fact above alluded to, that
close relationship between English and Frankish coins ceases
with this or the following reign.
After the introduction of a coinage by Ecgbeorht, which,
it may be assumed we are now agreed, followed upon the
final assertion of the supremacy of Wessex in the battle of
Ellandune, there was no other event of great importance
for the history of southern England or the history of its
coinage until the invasion of the country by the Vikings.
The preparations for this event had already begun. Thefirst appearance of the Vikings was in the previous
century ; and so far as we can ascertain the first attack
made by these northern pirates was upon the English coast.
In the year 787, according to the Saxon Chronicle, or 78!),
according to the true date, three ships of the pirates landed
upon the southern coast, killed the port-reeve, Beaduheard,
took some trifle of booty and sailed away again. In 793
the pirates appeared in quite a different quarter, on the
Northumbrian coast, where they fell upon the holy island
of Lindisfarne, and slaughtered the greater part of the
monks of Cuthbert's foundation on that island. The saint
revenged himself, the chronicler tells us ; for the next year
the pirate fleet was shipwrecked near Monkwearmouth and
the crews were drowned or slain. The attacks next fell
upon South Wales, and the Vikings, driven thence, came for
the first time to Ireland (a.d. 795), which for the next half-
century was to bear the principal brunt of their ravages.*
From about this time onwards the pirates began to makesettlements on the Irish coast. It went so far that in a.d.
832 ' a great royal fleet ' f of Vikings came to Ireland, under
the leadership of a certain Turgesius or Thorgisl. This
Thorgisl, after some years of fighting, founded a short-lived
* Gwent. Chron. s. a. 795 (Ciinib. Arcliax)!. Assoc); WaroftheGaec1hll,&c.
(Toa<l) R. S. pp. 4-5 ; Ann. Ult. s. a. 794 ; Four Mast. 8. a. 790.
t War, &c. (Tudd) R. S. pp. 8-9 ; cf. Kcary, Viliiujg in Western Cliristcn-
dmn, p. 174 and uyto.
xxii INTRODUCTION.
Scnndiimviftn kingdom in tho northern lialf of Irolanrl—in
tlio division cnllod Loth-Cuind or Conn'n lialf. TliorgiBl's
kingdom lasted from a.d. 842 to a.d. HI';. iJut there
were Ix'sidcs many other settlements of Vikings on the
iHlnnd.
It is just before the coming of this great fleet of Thor-
gisl to Ireland that the Viking attacks upon England
iiogin again ; and there seems good reason to believe that
these renewed attacks came, not directly from the Baltic or
the North Sea, but from Ireland. The first attack was upon
the island of Shcppey. A hoard of English coins—some of
Mercian kings, some of kings of Kent and Archbishops of
Canterbury, with a few of Ecgbeorht's coins—was discovered
in Delgany, near Wicklow, in Ireland, in or about the year
1874. The latest date at which any of these coins could
have been struck was a.d. 830 ; and it seems probable that
all of them, if not actually struck in the county of Kent
(which may very well have been the case with all), were at
any rate current there. There seems no better explanation
of all the circumstances attending this deposit, the date to
which the latest coin of the hoard belongs, and the place
(the east coast of Ireland) to which it has been carried,
than to suppose that it was carried oflF to Ireland by the
Vikings who attacked Sheppey in a.d. 835. For who else but
these Vikings were at that period likely to have traversed
the sea between the two countries ? And though it is not
certain, it is highly probable, that the pirates who carried
their hoard over to the sister island, had come thence to
England.*
In A.D. 836 the crew of a Viking fleet of thirty-five sail
dfft-atod the English at Charmouth, and in 838 the Vikingsallied themselves with the Celts of Cornwall for an attack
upon the king of the West Saxons. The combined armywas met and defeated by Ecgbeorht at * Hengestdune
'
(Hengstone),t and that event put an end to the Viking
See the pnper by Jlr. (now Sir John) Evans, " A lioard of coins foundat IX-lgany in Ireland; " Num. Chron. 1882, p. 61, sqq.
t AS. Chrvn. s. a. 835 [= 838?].
INTRODUCTION. XXUl
attacks in England during the reign of Ecgbeorht, who died
either in a.d. 838 or a.d. 839.*
At the beginning of ^thelwulf's reign the Viking attacks -3]:thelwulf.
were renewed. We find the Vikings in the south of England
—
defeated at Southampton and victorious at Portsraouth(840)t
—and in the eastern shires, Lincolnshire, East Anglia, Kent,
(841), I and finally plundering both London and Eochester
(842) §. Then for some years the attacks cease. On both
sides of England the Northmen were more active than they
were in this country. In Ireland they had, as we have seen,
got so far as to establish a temporary Scandinavian kingdom;
and, even after the breaking up of this in 845, their attacks
continued to be almost incessant. And it is about the time of
the first cessation of the Viking raids on the English coasts
that much more serious and determined ones began on the
towns and abbeys which lay along the chief rivers of France
and Germany, the Loire, the Garonne, the Seine, the Ehine,
and the Elbe. The attacks on Ireland probably came from
the Norsemen of the west coast of Norway ; the attacks on
France came from the Baltic countries (Denmark and South
Norway). England lay between the two streams.
One attack on England, more serious than the preceding
ones, has to be noticed. It occurred in a.d. 850 or 851,||
and was due to the successes of the Vikings upon the con-
tinent. The leader of the expedition was a Dane, Eorik byname, who for a time had held a fief of the empire. He had
now adopted the life of a Viking, and at the head of his fleet
of 350 sail he steered to tlie English coast, sailed inside the
island of Thanet and up the Stour to Canterbury, and from
Canterbury he and his fleet came up the Thames to attack
* We have a charter of Ecgbeorht and uEthclwulf which seems to give
us the exact date of Ecgbeorht's death. It is first written in 838, and is
confirmed in 889; and at the latter date ^Ethclwulf says that this 3-car is the
first of his reign (Kemble, Codex J)ipl. I., pp. 318-321, No. 240). Still this
last expression is not exact, and we cannot be absolutely certain between the
dates 838 and 839.
t A. S. Chron. s. a. 837. J 1I>. 838. § lb. 839.
IIAnn. Fuhl. 850; Ann. Xant. 850; Ann. Bert. 852; Kcary, Vikinfis, &c.,
p. 303, nqq. It will be seen that the chronology is confused for this period.
XXiv INTUOUUCTION.
Ix)n«lon, tli<' cliirl city of tlio Mercian kingdom.* Bcorht-
wulf. (he kill',' of Merrill, oiicountorod the Vikinf,'H in a pitched
biittlt; and wan ntlr>rly dofcatod. The victors idiindercd
London and spread north of the; Thames. Presently they
apiin crossed the river and came once more into the territory
of yT:th(d\vulf, king of Wessex, or perhaps, to speak more
accurately, of his son iEthelbald, king of Kent. The father
and son collected an army to attack the Danes, and the latter
suflered a defeat at Ockley, which is represented as a signal
one, not in the English chronicles only, but in those of the
Franks.f Ilowbcit in the same year we find the strangers
wintering for the first time on English ground, namely, in the
island of Thauet. And this event is much more important
than their defeat at Ockley, and much more portentous for
the future than any which had been recorded up to that
time. It seems that the Vikings began about the same
period to take up winter quarters in many of the districts
which had been the scenes of their attacks; J and it is
probable that all the different fleets or ' armies ' began just
now insensibly to extend their policy, and from being mere
pirates gradually became in some sense an invading
nation. We do not hear of the little army of Vikings ever
being expelled from its settlement upon the edge of Kent,
though we hear once at least of a desperate effort being
made to storm its camp.§ Still, it is probable that there
were periods in which the Vikings quite disappeared from
English soil ; and though a succession of raids and alternate
defeats and victories of the English are reported in succeed-
ing years (a.d. 853, 855, 8G0, S(jd), we have no important
change in the situation to record until the great Vikinginvasion of England in the year 866.
The only event in this interval which needs recording
here, for it may have had some influence on the coinage,
is the rebellion of iEthelbald in a.d. 856. In this year
• A. S. Chron. s.a. 851 [A. D.-F.], 853 [B. C.].
t A. S. Chruii. ul sup.; AiiHahit Ilcrtiani, s. a. 850 (^IVrlz, vol. i. 445).
X Stcenstrup, Noritmnticrnc, I. p. 2G4 ; Keaiy, o. c. p. 30G.
§ A. 6'. Chum a..n. 853 [A, D. E,j, 854 [B. C]
INTRODUCTION. XXV
iEtlielwiilf maclo a pilgrimage to Rome, and on his return
through Francia espoused Judith, the daughter of Charles
the Bald, king of West Francia. This was the second time
that an English king had married a Frankish princess, the first
occasion being that of the marriage of ^thelberht of Kent
with Berchta, the daughter of Charihert king of Paris, which
brought in its train the evangelization of the English. The
marriage of ^thelwulf and Judith was solemnized at Verberie
by the famous Hincmar, archbishop of Eheims.* Charles
made it a condition of the marriage that his daughter should
be crowned queen and sit beside her consort,t an honour which
the English law or custom forbade to the wife of the king.}
.ZEthelwulf had several children by his former wife. Thesuccession to the throne rested among the Teutonic people
upon no fixed principle of primogeniture ; and there are
certainly to be found among them instances in which the
superior rank of the mother gave a superior title to the
throne—though this was rather among the heathen Teutons,
in the case where the king had several contemporaneous
wives. § It is possible, therefore, that this elevation of
Judith to the rank of a queen consort was (should she have
children) a real menace to the rights of .lEthelwulfs eldest
son .^thelbald. At any rate it gave ofi'ence to a section of
the chief men, bishops and ealdormen, of the kingdom ; andon his return to his own country iEthelwulf found himself
confronted by a rebellion, at the head of which stood his
eldest son iEthelbald. Civil war was avoided by the
moderation of the king who consented to a partition
of the kingdom in a sense the reverse of that whichusually obtained between the father and his eldest son.
To JEthelbald was given the chief kingdom, Wessex, and
* Amialcs Bert. s. a. 857 (Pertz, vol. i. 450).
t Cf. Capit. Caroli II., Coronatio ludithae (Pertz, Ligcs. 1.450).
X Asscr, Dc rch. gei<t. JElfridi (AVise), pp. 10-11; cf. AVilltlmi Malm.,
G. R. A., II. § 118 {E. U. S., pp. lGS-9).
§ As in the case of Ilarald lldrfugr in Norway. Ilarald's chiof wife, wife
of higlietjt rank, waa llaguliikl, daughter of the king of Jutland, and tluir
eon, Erik Bludox, waa, in virtue of hia mother's rank, regarded aa hia
father's heir. Uaralda Swja him Edrfagra, c. 21.
XXVi INTItOKI (TIOV,
liifl father retained only tlie (uHiiftlly) dependent kingdom of
Kent.*
Tor convenience of deHcrij)tion and reference the plan
adopted for the arrangement of the types of the coins of the
earlier West Saxon kings has heen as f(dlows. The types
when they display a head or bust are always placed before
those which liave none ; and the coins with the indication of
a mint-place precede the coins devoid of any such indication.
Thus, in the earlier reigns, the coins with the name of
Canterbury head the classes to which they belong. This is
the arrangement adopted in the first volume, where any
attempt to distribute the types into an historical sequence
must have proceeded largely on guess-work. From the
time of ^Filfred an historical arrangement of the types seems
possible, and from that period it has been attempted, though
the principle of heading the coinage of each reign with the
mint-coins has not been abandoned. It is in virtue of
this system of arrangement that the coins PI. II. 1-4
appear among the first of -^thelwulfs types. But it does
not follow that they were among his earliest issues ; and
we might be tempted to explain tbe juxtaposition of
the two names DORlBl and cant by reading y€THELWULFREX CANT[I/E] and taking DORIBI (for DOROBERNIA) to
bo the name of the mint. This reading would be forced
upon us if we had only the types PI. II. 2, 4. But tbe
existence of type PL II. 1 rather militates against the in-
terpretation suggested. Should, however, this reading be
the right one, we might suppose that these coins were struck
by yEthelwulf subsequent to the repartition of the kingdomin A.D. 85G. The rule over Kent as an under-kiue: did
not include the right of striking coins : f of that we maybo pretty sure. But when iEthelwulf became once more
• Assor. p. 9. Asaer says only tbal the eastern part of the kingdom wasrttnincd by iEthelwulf, while Jithclbald had the western, the more important
division. The Chronich' makes no mention of the rebellion of iEihclbald, orthe division of the kingdom. iElthelstan, the elder brother of /Ethelbald,
hml previously to his deuth been king of Kent. He struck no coins. Infact, il is obvious that these under-kings had not the right of coinage.
t fHv last uoU.'.
INTRODUCTION. XXVll
towards the end of his reign king of Kent only, he mayvery well have continued to issue money for his separate
kingdom.
Which was the last of iEthelwulfs types we may be
reasonably sure. It was type xvii. (last type with the
bust *) which is retained upon the coinages of iEthelbald
and iEthelbearht.
No satisfactory explanation can be offered of the extreme iKthelbald.
rarity of ^Ethelbald's coins, of which only four specimens,
have ever been described, and only three are now known to
exist.f An explanation (which has already been hinted at)
would indeed be given by the supposition that the so-called
West Saxon coinage was still—even at this late date—almost
exclusively a Kentish coinage. For it does not seem certain
that -iEthelbald ever reigned as supreme or indejjendent
king in Kent. He was king of Wessex between a.d. 856
and the death of his father in 858 ; and after that date the
kingdom of Kent appears to have passed to his brother
^thelbearht.t It seems difficult to believe that this expla-
nation is the true one, and that Wessex had not at this date
a regular currency of its own, as much as Kent had. Andthe acceptance of the contrary theory is made a little more
difi&cult by the fact that iEthelbald's solitary type repro-
duces a type of his father's coinage and is continued in the
coinage of his brother and successor.
iEthelbald's reign was a scandal to his contemporaries
and to the chroniclers of a later time. He not only rebelled
against his father, but on his father's death he married his
stepmother, that Judith whom we saw married to -^thel-
wulf two years previously. § Judith was still only sixteen,
and perhaps can hardly be accounted responsible for the
incestuous marriage. At iEthelbald's death (a.d. 860),
she returned to her father's court, and after some adventures
* PI. III. 6.
t The genuineness of the existing specimens is much questioned. Theyare all from the same die.
X Wc have a charter of .<Ethclboarht as king of Kent, dated a.d. 858.
Kemble, Codvx, no. 281. Cf. also "SVill. IMalm. § 117 (7s. II. S., p. 174).
§ Asdcr, p. lo, Will. Malm. I. c. ; Anii(ih» Bert. (IVudentius) 858.
XXViu INTItOIdCTION.
of u more or less HciindiiluuM H«»rt, Ix-cnnu' tlu- wife of I'mMwiii
lintH-di-fir, ('(Hint of Fluiiilcrs, find throu;,'li liini tlio nucts-
troHH of Miitilda, tho wif(! of Williiim the Conqueror.*
^Uu'llKTuhi. No other event of inijtortanee for tlie history of tho
coinage of Wesscx distinj^Miinhes /I'^thelbuld'H reign (a.d.
858-8C0), and nono of great moment that of his next
BnccesHor (a. p. 8(!0-8f50), During the first tho Viking raids
cease altogether; in tlie second tliey are renewed. In 8G0
Wehmd, a leader who had established himself at the Somme,
and who was in tho act of concluding a treaty with Charles
the Bold, finding his hands tied in Francia,t took the oppor-
tunity of sailing with two hundred ships to the Wesscx
coast and fell upon and plundered Winchester, the capital of
Wesscx ; ho was subsequently defeated by the united fyrds
of Hampshire and Berkshire. t In the winter of 865 we read
that the Vikings came to Thanet and wintered there : § and
this appearance of the Danes on the Kentish coast was more
ominous than any of the preceding ones, for it was the
precursor of a great expedition which took the form of a
definite invasion of England, and which before it had come
to an end had totally changed the history of this island.
^Kiialml I. In the spring of 806, the year of the accession of .^thelred,
we find tho men from Thanet ravaging the whole of Kent,
at the moment they were treating with the English on the
basis of a bribe to leave tho country ; and about the same
timo we find a huge fleet, which had been collected in
Francia and Flanders, arriving on the East Anglian coast
and establishing itself there ; from which time the Viking
invasion of England begins.
There are three great invasions by which England wasafllicted during the period covered by the present volume.
Thoy form tho three great epochs in her history during
• AiouiUs Deri. (Hincmar), 862-3. She followed Baldwin about dressed
08 a man (mutnto liabilu). Charles did not give his eonseut to the marriagetill the year 8G3.
t AnnaU» Bi-rt. SCO (Pnidont.)> 861 (Hincmar), and Kcary, o. c. p. 350.
X A. i>. Chnm. s. a.
§ -1. ;?. Chron. e. a. Ilereafttr the references to the Chronicle are notgiven, aa they corresi>oud nearly always to the correct ye;ir as giwu in theuarrativf.
INTRODUCTION. XXIX
these centuries; and her recovery from the first two, or
the assimilation of the new elements which they introduced,
constitute the most important part of the history of the
intervening periods. The first of these invasions it will be
convenient to speak of as the Viking invasion, the second is
that of the Danes under Svend (Swegn) and Cnut, and the
tliird is the Norman Conqiiest which brings our era to a close.
All these three invasions were invasions by Scandinavians, but
by Scandinavians in such different conditions of civilization
and government that they must be reckoned almost as three
different nations. For this reason, it would be wiser to speak
of the first invasion of England, not as the invasion of the
Danes but as that of the Vikings. Wlien we examine the
lists of moneyers' names for the districts which became subject
to these Vikings, we have evidence that there must have
been following their banners a very mixed nationality, byno means one of pure Scandinavians. In laws and customs,
however, the new-comers were Scandinavians, nay Scandi-
navians of a very pure type—at any rate, of a type compari-
tively speaking jirimitive ; and in this respect the Vikings
stand contrasted with the Danish nationality, ruled by a
single monarch, which w^as the chief agent in the second in-
vasion of England ; and in still more marked contrast to the
Normans who were hardly any longer a Scandinavian folk,
for they had adopted most of the laws and customs of their
neighbours, the Franks. In the interval between the attack
which wo have now to chronicle, which began in a.d. 866,
and the attacks which began a hundred years later (a.d. 980)
and ended in tlie invasion of Svend and Cnut (a.d. 1003-1016),
all the Scandinavian nations had undergone a great trans-
formation.
We have some traces of the laws which governed the
bodies of Vikings associated at this early period for the sake
of plunder or settlement in England. As the ambition of
the Vikings grew these bodies increased in size, until from
being small armies, they became almost nations. But still
the constitution of the larger and of the smaller bodies was
the same ; and the same likewise was their Constitution in
the technical sense, the laws, that is, and the customs by
XXX INTItomCTION.
which their units wen' hfhl inf^cthrr. In thf formor mnaning
of tli(< WMid \vr hnvn to noto that tho Hiniiller and lar^ftr
bo<lin« wrro boforo everything else, armies, whctlior activoly
onK'nRf^'l i" wurfaro or at rest. The invading Vikings of
A.I). ^•iO, and the Huh.scqnont years, are always spoken of as
the Army («? lure), occasionally as the Great Army (se imjcla
here). Sometimes the army divides up into two or more
•Armies,' and long after the first great area of conquest was
over wo find mention of a number of lesser armies—the
Army of Northampton, or the Army of Bedford, &c., when
the intention is simply to designate the Vikings settled in
or about Northampton or Bedford. The only difference is
that what was ' The Army,' has by this time split up into
several armies. This latter use of tbe word continues
(chiefly by custom and as.sociation) down to tbe time of the
second era of invasion.
Again, with regard to the Constitution by wbich tbese
earlier bodies were governed, we find that they constantly
proclaim themselves Pvcpublics. '^Ye have no king, we
are all equal.'* Yet the title king is sometimes given to
their leaders. Of one of these kings a Latin versifier
says :
—
• Solo rex vcrbo sociis tamen imperitabut.' f
The mere use or disuse of a title, such as the title of
' king,' is of small importance. What we may take to be tbe
essence of tbe Constitution of tbese Vikings, that wbicb made
it republican in fact, if not in name, was tbat tbeir leader
had no rights over the soil, no superiority, or at any rate
no dominant authority except for strictly military purposes.!
\\c must bear in mind while we are speaking of tbe re-
publican character of tbe Western Vikings (as tbe Norse
Sagas call the settlers in the Britisb Isles), tbe cbanges
which just at this time are taking place in tbe constitution
of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. Everybody knows tbe
story of tbe taunt of the maiden Gyda to Harald of Norway,
• Dndo, TV Norm. Due, i.
t Ablm, Bel. Far. Vrbh, i. 38 ; cf. Steenstrup, o. c. 277 sqq.
X Hilt 31 f the more 1« ngthcncd trcntmont of the buhjuct in Steenstrup. I.e.
INTRODUCTION. XXXI
•when he sought to make her his wife, a taunt which was
supposed to have been the awakening of the ambition of
Harald Fairhair.
'She answered that she would never sacrifice her maiden-
hood and take for a husband a king who governed no more of a
kingdom than a few fyllcir* " And it seems to me wonderful,"
said she, " that there is no king here who has the will to unite
Norway, and become its supreme king, as have done king
Gorm in Denmark, and king Eirik at Upsala." 'f
Before Harald had realized the policy thus sketched out
for him, all of the petty kings of Norway who thought
themselves strong enough to resist his encroachment, had
entered into a confederacy, and—the feature in the case
which more specially concerns us—had obtained the assist-
ance of many of the Vikings of the West, i.e. of England,
Scotland, and Ireland. The settlers in these islands, there-
fore, who were of the same class, and perhaps some of themthe same individuals who took j)art in the great expedition
of 866, t appear in the history of the Scandinavian nations
as the representatives, in the countries of their origin, of a
bygone or passing order of things, as the opponents of the
extended sort of kingship which was the new order of the
day in Denmark, Sweden, and Norway.
These considerations are enough to show that in manypoints beside the mere difference of date, the epoch of the
Viking invasion of England in a.d. 866-878 must be dis-
tinguished from the Danish invasion of the end of the tenth,
and the beginning of the eleventh centuries.
During the greater part of the reign of iEthelred I, the
doings of the Great Army did not intimately concern the
history of Wessex. In a.d. 867 the Army marched north,
and as has been already described in the Introduction to the
* Districts.
t Haralds Saga kins Hdrfacjra, c. 3. (Heimskringla, ed. Unger, p. 50.)
X The battle of Hafir»fjord, iu which this con fedi ration was defeated, andthe supremacy of Haiald assured, is usually dated about a.d. S70 ; and if that
date bo accepted, we cannot suppose that any members of ' the Army ' of
A.D. SGG took a part iu it. But there are reasons for postponing the date of
the battle till about thirty years later. See Corpus I'oct. Bureale, II. 487, tS:c.
Cf. also Skene, Celtic Scotland, I. 3.
xxxii T\Tit<n»t'rTiov.
proviouM voluino, it f<H.k York, killc<l two riviil kiiiKf of
Norlliumbrin, iiti«l hhImIiumI tlin <,'re(itor pjirt of tliiit country.
Tlui noxt ycnr tho army mnrchcJ into Mcrcia, and this act
an\«('t«Hl tli«> West Siixoii kinpjdom in so far as Mercia was
oithcr an iickiio\vlo(lf,'('(l dopcndcncy, or a close ally of that
Btato. Consequently I'nrgred tho king (whose coins wo
ohscrvo aro of types siniilar to tlioso of tho majority of
yKtlu'lrod's coins) sent to seek tho aid of his brother-in-
law, the king of Wesscx ; and a Wosscx army commanded
hy tho two surviving sons of TEtliehvulf, yEthelrod tho
kinf^, and tho noxt in command, tho secundarius iElfred,
marched to r>nrgred'H assistance. The united English army
found the invaders shut up in tho stronghold of Nottingham.
After a fruitless siege a compromise was efifectod, which
brought no honour to any of the leaders of the English
forces ; a ransom was paid to induce the ' Army ' to return
again into Northumbria. This was in a.d. 868. For the next
two years the doings of the Vikings were confined to the
northern and midland countries, to Northumbria, Mercia,
and East Anglia (Vol. I. Introduction, pp. li. Ixi.), and then in
A.D. 871 half of tho Army crossed the Thames and began
the invasion of Wessex. The invaders took camp at Reading,
where they were protected by two streams, the Kennet and
the Thames, and the war was for a time confined to attacks
by tho English upon foraging parties, and to sorties of the
garrison. But at length the invaders thought themselves
strong enough to march westward, and they were brought
to an engagement with the English forces under the com-
mand of iEthelred and iElfred, at the famous battle of
Ashdown.* The Dani.'^h forces consisted in reality of twoarmies, one commanded by two kings, Halfdan and Bfegsaeg,
and the other by five earls, Asbjorn, Fraene, Harald, andthe elder and the younger Sihtric. The only survivor of
all these leaders was Ilalfdan, who effected his retreat, andonce more shut himself up in Reading,
rifr. .1. All these events in the invasion of Wessex passed during
the earlier months of the year 871. iEthelred now died,
• .\.<scr (Wise), p 10.
INTRODUCTION. XXXUl
and Alfred the Great, then only twenty-two yeara old,
ascended the throne. Some delay was caused by the
ceremonial of accession, which had no doubt to be affirmed
by the Witan (--Ethelred had left an infant son), and by the
funerals of the dead king. The English army was never
summoned but for a short period at a time,* and was no
doubt disbanded during this interval. When .Alfred was
again able to collect a force, he was confronted by an utterly
changed condition of things in the country. The Danes
had received reinforcements and marched westwards. Alfred
was obliged to abandon all the eastern side of his kingdom,
and the next important engagement between the English
and the Vikings took place at Wilton. This time victory
fell to the Danes, but a hard-won victory. After this Alfred
purchased the departure of the invaders from his country.
It is of importance to take note of these money payments
to the Danes, in view of the fact which we shall presently
see, that many of the coins with the name ' iElfred ' were
probably not really made under the auspices of that king,
but are barbarous imitations of Alfred's coins, manufactured
either by the Danes themselves, or in districts which their
invasions had disorganized. We cannot call these payments
a danegeld. For as seems almost certain the danegeld,
instead of being, as the earlier historians supposed, a sumgathered together as ransom and paid to the Danes, was in
reality a tax (a sort of ' ship-money ') imposed to raise moneyfor the arming of a force—essentially a naval force—to
protect the country against the Vikings.j
Halfdan, the leader of the Vikings, withdrew his forces
from Wessex and retired to Mercia. Mercia got rid of the
Vikings by paying a ransom, and they returned into North-
umbria. Next year (a.d. 874) the army came back and
deposed the Mercian king Burgred, and raised up in his
stead a puppet of their own, Ceolwulf, an ' unwise king's
thegn.'J 'And he swore oath and gave hostages that it
Asser, p. 21 sqq.
t Steenstrup, Normannerne, iv. p. 148 gqq.
+ Asser, p. 2G; A. S. Chron. s. a. 874 : MS. A, onnta the name of the tlicgn.
d
XXXIV INTIlODIiCTIOM.
HhouM 1.0 roftdy for tliom on wlmtovor day tlioy would have
it; niul tlmt 1k> liimsrdi' would l.c nudy, and all who would
follow bim at the army's need.'*
I'.ut while Ceolwulf II. rcmuincd tituhir kinR of Mercia, it
is very likely that Il.ilfdan and hi.s Vikings took possession
of London. For wo have an interesting coin, not in the
Natinniil Odlcction, nor puhlishcd in this catalogue, but
doscrilM-d in Mr. Kcnyon's edition of Ilawkin's Silver Cains
of Kii>/laud, p. 79, which is without doubt a coin of Ilalfdan
.struck* at this period in London. The piece is given here.
Description.
lirv. Londnn monogram as on TElfrcd
Typca vi., vii. (recersi), p. 35.
Ohr VLF (in ox.) DEME XRX»^lJ;irliftron.s iniitalinn of coin of
Vulcniiiiian I., or of Mapnns Ma.\i-
nui.i ns on x'Elfreil Tvpc iv. (nrtr><»),
p:u.
We see that this eccentric coin is in a certain way a link
l)(>tween a very rare piece of Ceolwulf II. of Mercia, and one
For two years ' the Army ' remained in Mercian territory.
Then it divided into two sections. One of these, under
Hiilfdan, marched into Northumbria, and began definitely to
settle in the country. The northern half of Northumbria
was left under the rule of princes of the old English line.
But they struck no coins, and probably their power wassmall. The southern half of Northumbria, the kingdom of
York as it is now often called, the Vikings made their ownkingdtun, and Ilalfdan was the king of it, so far as they had
any king. Thus the ancient kingdoms of Beruicia andDeira reappeared.f
• ' p.-vs hcrcs poarfo,' the oath of military service,
t ..4. S. Clinm. 3. a. 870.
INTRODUCTION. XXXV
But the other half of the Army, whose leader now was
Gnthorra, or GuSrnm, after settling for a short while at
Camhridge, sailed out to sea and round to attack once more
the kingdom of Wessex, the only one of the four English
kingdoms wliich remained unsuhmerged. For two years
Wessex had to sustain the hardest struggle which it had yet
known. Guthorm's army came first to Wareham. There it
was besieged hy iElfred, and a fleet which came to relieve it
was defeated by the fleet which iElfred had taken advan-
tage of the lull in the Viking attacks to build. (He had
already gained one victory with it in a.d. 875.*) The Viking
Army was allowed to depart from Wareham on condition
that it would quit the territory of the West Saxons. This
concession, whicli appears unadvisable, may have been neces-
sary. Still the result was that it brought to ruin the
English defence. The Army went no further than Exeter.
There it received reinforcement, and in a.d. 877 it marchedto Chippenham. The resistance of the English seemed to
break down on every hand. ' Many they drove over seas,
and all the rest submitted to them save iElfred the king.'f
The winter of 877-8 is the winter of iElfred's entrench-
ment with a little band of devoted followers on the island
of iEthelney (The Princes' Island), at the junction of the
Tone and the Parrot, about which and his hunted days
of wandering, so much picturesque legend has gathered.
The spring of 878 saw tlie revival of his hopes and of the
courage of the English. An army secretly assembled under
the shade of Selwood forest, and marched upon the Danesencamped in or about Chippenham, who were quite un-
prepared for its appearance. The armies of iElfrcd and
Guthorm encountered at -^thandune, probably upon the
downs close above Westbury. This time the victory of the
English was decisive. It was followed by the baptism of
Guthorm and his followers at Wedmore, and by a partition
of England, which added to the kingdom of iElfred, roughly
speaking, Mercia west of Watling Street and the Piivcr Lea,
but gave over the rest of England north of the Thames, to
* Asscr, p. 27. \ A. S. Chron. s. a.
d 2
XXXVi INTItuDrCTION.
ho inlml.itfd nii-l ^'nvcniod by tho Viking invarlors. It was
not liow.'ViT till A.I). HSO that the army of Guthorm fairly
Bottlt'd ill it.s now domiuions.
Till' rt'st of the reign of ^l^Ifred was devoted chiefly to the
fruitful vic'torioH of peace.
])uring the years of peace that followed it is probable
that J'jlfred extended the shire system into Mercia ;that
lie redacted and amended the laws both of the West Saxons
and of the Mercians ; above all, that he found the leisure to
do more than any king before him, or perhaps any that
followed him has done, to spread and encourage knowledge
and learning among his people, and to repair as far as might
be the ravages which a century of Viking attacks had made
in the civilization of England.*
That the new England which rose up out of the anarchy
of the war, was difierent from the England which preceded it
we may feel sure. Many of the characteristics of the early
Teutonic civilization were unfitted to the changed condition
of things. On every hand, not in England alone, the kingly
power was becoming more defined. And in all these lands
it rested more or less upon a standing army, such as it had
been the effect of these wars to create. We may take it that
the payments made to the Danes, the creation of a standing
army, of a fleet, and the taxes which had to be contributed
to these ends, are the main causes of the increase in the
coinage which is characteristic of iElfred's reign.
f
One result of the war was that Wessex now finally andcompletely absorbed the countries south of the Thames.There was never again question of an under-king in Kent.
Western Mercia took the place of Kent in this respect. She
• The earlier Viking attacks on Nortliumbria bail done not a little to
destroy the comparatively high civilization of that country at the end of theeighth century. Compare the letter of Alcuin in Jaffe, Bill Rer. Ger.Vol. vi. p. 22.
t What .t;ifred did in the direction of creating a standing army was todivide the Militia into two 8ccti..n#, and keep one half or tlie other always* with the colours.' It is prolMible that in addition to this there was apertuancnt army for garrison duty. See ^1. i^. Chron. a. a. 894. For Alfred's•hii>-Uiilding. si^* A. S. Chron. s. a. 8t>7.
INTRODUCTION. XXXVU
became the dependent kingdom, not yet the integral portion
of the domains of the House of Cerdic. ^thelred, the
leading ealdorman of Mercia, and a man of the old blood
royal, was made the lord or the ealdorman (but not, weobserve, the king) of the Mercians, and he was married to
uEthelflaed, the famous ' Lady of the Mercians,' the daughter
of Alfred and sister of Eadweard the Elder. But of
course this under-lordship did not include the right to
strike coins ; so that if iEthelred issued money at any
mint in his dominions, that coinage would bear the name of
Alfred, just as Eadgar's Mercian coinage (struck in the
lifetime of Eadwig) would bear Ead wig's name. This does
away with any external difficulty in the way of accepting
the coins which read ORSNAFORDA as an Oxford coinage, if
the internal difficulties in the way of changing an R into a
K are not considered too great.*
In the year 884 the Chronicle tells us that the army in
East Anglia broke the peace, and at the same time a newViking army—probably with the connivance of the East
Anglians—made a landing in Kent. -Alfred had kept his
fleet in good order, and when he had driven away the newcomers, he made with his ships an attack on the East Anglian
coast, which was only partially successful.! Two years later
we find iElfred rebuilding or refortifying London and giving
it over to his son-in-law ^thelred. It may be at this time
that the coins with the London monogram were struck. In
that case we must consider Halfdan the originator of this
important type in the coinage of .Alfred. This seems in
fact the most reasonable conclusion. Finally, in a.d. 892-3,
the English sustained the last serious attack from foreign
Vikings which she was to know for many years. One Army
* All that has been said by J. R. Green ('Conquest of England,' p. 1-J4)^
and others concerning the evidence afforded by these ORSNAFORDA coins,
is founded on a misconception.
t Asser gives tlie impression that Alfred's attack on East Anglia preceded
the breaking of tlie peace. IJiit this cannot have been the case : otherwise
the expression opprohn'osf J'i<>iiit would be too unreasonable. Kven supposing
(as Asser also implies) tliat ^Elfrcd's naval attack was directed more against
the English than against the Danes.
XXXviii INTKODLtTIOS.
of coutiiuiital VikiiiRs cfimo—prolmbly from tlio Illiine—and
nnotluT, heinlctl by llui fiiniouH ILi.stiiif^, came from Fraiurc.
Tho Vikings from Northumbria and East Anglia joined their
former brothers-in-armH. We described in the last volume
the coins probably struck by the Siefred, a Northumljrian
leader, who at this time, or the year following, came with a
fleet of 110 ships to Ilasting's aid, and eventually sailed
round to Exeter, whither ^Elfred was obliged to carry tho
English floet to besiege him ; while iEthclred the ealdorman
led an army against the invading force, which had marched
right across England from the Thames to the Severn. These
last were encountered and defeated at the battle of Butting-
ton, in which ^"Elfred's son Eadweard, the future king, took
part. With intervals this new war lasted till the year 897.*
Wo see that ^'Elfrcd took occasion of his latest victories
somewhat to extend his empire, and this circumstance is to
be noted as the first evidence of a turn of the tide. In tho
succeeding reigns we see the tide running strongly towards
a complete recovery of England by the English kings.
iElfred's long and famous reign ended in a.d, 901.r..iim>oof "We may assume that the greater number of iEIfred's.l>lfn.tl. .
i 1 T • ,1 /.
coins were struck during the years of comparative tran-
quillity which followed the expulsion of the Danes fromWesses. But though this applies to the coins it does notappear to hold true of the tijpca.
Typo i. is the type of iEthclred I.'s coins, and was no doubtthe type of the first issue of ^Elfred.
Typo ii. is that of ^l^thered, Archbishop of Canterbury, whoheld his see between a.d. 870-889. Vol. I. p. 78, PI. xiii. 9.
Type iii. is a variety of Type ii.
Type iv. is the curious and inexplicable type which occurson the coin of llalfdan (VLFDENE) described above, and on acoin of Ceolwulf II. uf Mercia (a.d. 874). It resembles certainBceatta types and types of early English gold coins (Vol. I.
pp. li. :{, PI. i. '2) and is apparently derived from the solidiof Valentinian I. or of Magnus iMaximus. Such a case of* atavism
'on the part of a coin-type seems almost inexplic-
* Shc ttLio lulrwluclioH to Vol. I. pp. xlix.-liii.
INTRODUCTION. XXXIX
able. The case is clearly an abnormal one, and too mncli
stress must not be laid on it. This typo is by the VLFDENE
coin closely connected with the London monogram type
which almost immediately follows.
Type v., like the previous type, is similar to the coinage of
Ceolwulf II. issued in 874. {See Vol. I. PI. x. 16).
We come next to the monogram types, Nos. vi.-xii. Wohave already described a coin with the London monogram,
that of Halfdan, struck as it seems in a.d. 874. Probably
this coin is the inauguration of the monogram type. Themonogram upon the reverse of coins had been hitherto
essentially a Prankish device. And not only is it jjrimd
facie probable that the Vikings would be more familiar than
the English with the Prankish currency of this date (so
much of which had been paid as ransom into their pockets)
;
but we have evidence in the Cuerdale coins (Vol. I. pp. xxix.
95, 204 sqq.) that the Vikings, in the earliest coins which
they struck for their own use, were disposed to imitate the
coinage of the Franks.* This first London monogram, then,
was introduced in a.d, 874. But Halfdan only remained a
short time in London. It is highly probable that after his
departure the Londoners continued to strike coins with this
monogram but placed upon it the head and name of ^l^lfred.
It seems hardly likely that the monogram type should have
remained totally in abeyance after its introduction by Halfdan
until the year ^Plfred was fully and legally lord of Loudon,
though it might have done so. For during a part of this
time London lay in a deplorable condition. In a.d. 886, as wehave seen, iElfred rebuilt the town and made ^Ethelred, lord
of the Mercians, its governor. From the London monogramare derived the others, Lincoln and Koiseng ? (Castle Rising ?)
These types for convenience sake are placed next ; though
chronologically type x. probably precedes some of them.
Both the last mentioned places, if the reading of the last
monogram be correct, were like London before a.d. 886,
* The Frankisli king whose coins may be taken to have .^inggostcd the
London and Lincoln monogram-types is Louis le Bcgue (a.d. 8(j 1-879).
Compare Gariel, Monnaies livtjuhs dv Francv sous la liace Curlovingienne,
pi. 38.
X\ IN'IK()I)i;(TI()N.
outHido tho kiiiK<l<>ni of /Klfrofl. Though therefore they
boar tho immo of tho king of Wessex tlicy are almost more
Viking coins than English ones.
Typo xiii. is derived from the St. Eadmimd coinage of
EftHt Anglia described in Vol. I. (see pp. 07-137, Pis. xvii.-
xix.) tho issue of which must have taken place before a.d. 905.
Types xiv. and xv. are the types which were copied by
Ciutliorni-yllthflstan when he began to strike coins (Vol. I.
pp. U.VO. I'l. xvi. 12).
Type xvi. with tho reverse CNVT, as ou the coins of North-
unibria described in Vol. I. pp. 204-221, Pis. xxiv.-v., is
in its obverse similar to Type xiv. Gu^red-Cnut of North-
umbria reigned from a.d. 877-894.
Type xvii. (' Dorobernia ') is the same as that of the
coins of Plogmund, Arclibishop of Canterbury, who held the
see between a.d. 890 and 914. In fact, we have now arrived
at the types which closely resemble some of those of Alfred's
successor Eadwcard I.
Type xviii. is the ' Orsnaforda ' type, which likewise
resembles the earlier types of Eadweard the Elder ; and
Type xix. is only a variety of Type xviii., made by intro-
ducing a design which is Frankish in origin and is to be
found on the coinage of Siefred, king of Northumbria
(Vol. I, pp. 223, nos. 1029-1032, PI. xxvi. 5-7), who reigned
from A.D. 894 to circ. a.d. 898.
Type XX. the Gloucester coin stands rather apart from the
other mints, and it may perhaps belong to an earlier part
of yElfred's reign than the other mint-types which follow,
viz. :
—
Types xxi. and xxiii. struck at Exeter, "Winchester, andBath; and
Type xxii., the pieds-forts or so-called ' offering pennies,'
which read on the reverse ELl MO-, but have on theobverse the same legend, aelfred rex saxonvm, as havethe coins of Type xxi. This legend, ' Alfred rex Saxouum,'connects the last types of .Elfred with Type i. of Eadweardthe Elder, which reads eadweard rex saxonvm ; and thesecoins of Eadweard too have on the reverse the three first
lettt-rs, BAO. of the mint Ba^an, aeon /Elfred's coins of Type
INTRODUOTION. xli
xxiii. This reverse again is similar to that of Type xxi.,
which, however, has the three first letters of the mints,
Exeter and Winchester, arranged in a difierent manner.
Again, the moneyer Eli on the ineds-forts connects these
coins with .Alfred's piece struck at Bath. It is obvious,
therefore, that all these types belong to the latter years
of iElfred's reign.
It may, we think, be taken that all the types from Typexiii.-xxiii. were issued subsequently to what is known as
the Peace of Wedmore, And albeit these only include
a minority of .ZElfred's types, the coins which belong to
these types constituted without question a large majority of
the issue of this reign. In the Museum Collection the later
coins stand to the earlier in the proportion of 384 to 68.
The confusions of this time of invasion and internal war-
fare, and of a new departure in the history of England, are
very well reflected on the coinages of iElfred's reign ; andit results from this that when we have, according to the
best lights which we possess, determined the order of /PJfred's
issues, we have by no means finished with the classes into
which the coins are to be distributed. It seems almost as
certain as it can be that all the coins bearing Alfred's namewere not struck under his authority or within his dominions.
And we have now to examine again Alfred's coins with the
object of distinguishing two classes : (1) The true Wessexcoinage, and (2) The more or less barbarous imitations of the
coins of Alfred.
We must look back for a moment to the previous volumeto ascertain the difierent coinages which we know to havebeen struck outside the limits of Alfred's kingdom durin"-
his reign. Of these there are three classes, two Christian
and one heathen. The first are the coins which commemo-rate the martyred king Eadmund of East Anglia slain by the
Danes in a.d. 870. Most of this coinage must have beenstruck somewhere between that year, 870, and the year 905.
(See Vol. I. pp. xxix. 97-137.) Then there are the coins
of Guthorm-^fchelstan (a.d. 878-890), the first Christian
Danish king in England {Ih. p. 95). Finally, there is
that curious series the penny coinage of Northumbria, of
xlii INTItoliICTloN.
^vlli(•ll nil tlio known oxaniplcs fornifd piirt of the ('uonLilc
llounl(//'. pp. 'JOl 'SM)). This in llio scricH wliicli more; than
any other isHUod iu England deserves the name of a Viking
coinage.
Beside coins of these series, which arc what they profess
to bo, coins struck outside yElfred's dominions, we have other
scries of more or les.s barbarous imitations of iElfred's
coinage, which were probably made in places under the rule
of the Vikings and where society was a good deal dis-
organized. Wo have even a series of imitations of the St.
Eadnumd coins (Vol. I., Introduction, p. xxix., cf. PI. xvii.,
no. 11 ; PI. xviii., no. 10 ; PI, xix., nos. 11, 13) ; then, we have
imitations of the coins of Plegmund, Archbishop of Canter-
bury (Vol. I., p. 79, no. 6G; p. 80, no. 7C), and finally we
have imitations of just the same character of Alfred's coins
(p. 41). The following numbers of /Elfred's coins maybedesignated as probably imitations, and therefore, though
professedly "Wessex coins, probably not struck either iu
Wessex or under the authority of iElfred.
1>. 38, No. 2 (St. Endmund).
pp. 41-15, Nos. 28-74.
p. 4(j, Nos. 81-83 (Lincoln).
p. 48, No. 103.
p. 49, No. 113 (London),
pp. ^n, 54, Nos. 148-154 (Oxford).
p. 59, No. 189 (St. Eadmund).
p. 79, Nos. 424-427.
p. 82, Nos. 453, 454.
\Vo sec that we have a link between the coins of yElfred
and those of St. Eadmund (2), as well as between Alfred'scoins and those of Northumbria (-154). It is in each case mostprobable that the coin was made in the district of the least
celebrated type. In other words, the coins of the famousking of Wessex are likely to have spread farther than thosecommemorating St. Eadmund, or those struck by Gubrcd-Cnut of Northumbria
; and therefore imitative coins whichcombine yElfrcd's types with one or other of these two arelikely to have been made in the country of the St. Eadmundcoinage or in the country of Cnut.
It is just at this point that the confusions and varieties
INTRODUCTION. xliii
in the names of the moneyers which appear upon the coins
reach their maximum. A large number of the names upon
the St. Eadmuud series, for example, seem to defy analysis.
Puzzling, however, as these names are, there is one thing
that comes out clearly with regard to them, that a large
number cannot be English names. Directly we pass outside
the region of iElfred's kingdom these un-English namesmeet us face to face. But what is strange is that they do
not appear to be so much Scandinavian names as Fraukish
ones.
The majority of the moneyers' names, which we marked as
uncertain in the Index to Vol. I., belong to this St. Eadmundseries. But still among those names about which we need
entertain no reasonable doubt by far the greater number are
certainly not Old English. We find such names as
—
Abboe*
xliv lNTH()l)i:(TIO.V.
liowovcr, tlm nnmoH Grim, Ston (niilf.sB tlii.s bo a con-
traction of Stcfiiii •), which aro prolmhly, and Gislcca and
Odulf.t which are possibly Scandinavian. Among the
Frankish inoiicyors above given we find Al^bonel and
Knodas striking also for Guthorm-iEthelHtan, and another
of Guthorin's moncyers, Better, who has a Frankish name.
It is pretty certain that the St. Eadmund coinage was
struck before a.d. 905. It probably belongs to a period
when East Anglia, nominally a Danish kingdom, was in a
quasi-anarchical condition, at any rate in this sense, that
there was no single recognised ruler in the country. Such
we must believe to have been its state after the death of
Guthorm, and very likely before that event. For if we
take the partition of JElfreds and GulSorms Fri^ to be the
partition of a.d. 88G, we find about fifty years later that a
great portion of this kingdom once Guthorm's, has been
under the rule of five separate small republics known as
the ' Five Burgs.' X It is quite possible, despite its pious
character, and the fact that St. Eadmund was martyred
by the Danes, that the St. Eadmund coinage began in
the reign of Guthorm. For these Scandinavians were quick
to change their creed, and often strangely zealous in their
new faith : witness the case of Harold Blaatand of Denmark;
who, though he was in the first instance a forced convert,
had no sooner become so than he set to work at once to
imperil and to lose his supremacy over Norway by trying
to compel his vassal Earl Hakon to accept baptism. §
"We can explain the occurrence of Frankish names uponthe coins of East Anglia on one of three suppositions : either
there were a great many Frankish soldiers in that portion of
the Great Army, which, under Guthorm, settled in EastAnglia and Mercia ; or the army brought over with it a certain
• Eng. nut. Her. v., p. 134.
t Hut of. IVrtz, vol. i., p. 93.
X The ' Five Burgs,' bo calKd, arc Lincoln, Nottingham, Derby, Leicester,
ami Stamford. Tlie lirst was probably never within the kingdom of Guthorm
;
but the other four were. On the character of tiicsc miniature republics, seei^tvcnstrup, SornMuiurnr, iv. 40 *</«/.
§ Ulaj't S. Tryggvag. (Heimskriiigia) c. 27 fq.
INTRODUCTION. xlv
number of Fraukish captives (thralls), and these having
some skill in metal-work were employed to engrave dies and
were at the same time authorized to place their names u^Don
them ; or finally, that the coins were issued by traders, and
the majority of these in East Anglia at this time were menof Frankish descent.*
As the English power extends to the north and east wefind Frankish and Scandinavian names beginning to appear
beside the English moneyers of the West Saxon kings.
Thus in the coinage of Eadweard the Elder, we have
—
Bern gar (Beringar?) Lanfer Kinnard (Rinard)
Grimwald ]\Iarbert Sigot.
Gundbert Pastor "Waltere
lofermuud Pi lit Warimer
We also have the following names, which are probably
Scandinavian
—
Framwis Irfiira Sigebrand
Frio<5ulf Odo SigeferS
Flits Raegenulf
In the following reign, ^thelstan (a.d. 925-940), we have
among new names
—
Abba Domcnces, Domiuic Mtcrten
Baldric Duriaiit PaulBiildwine Giongbald Stefanus
Barbe Gislemer
Bardel or Burdel
of possible or probable Frankish origin, and
—
Raegenald Rsegengrim purstan
which may very well be Scandinavian.
And if we continue our inquiry into the succeeding reigns,
Eadmund's and Eadred's, we still find a large number both
of Frankish and Scandinavian names. In addition to eleven
Frankish names from the preceding reign we find on
Eadmund's coins
—
Abenel Efrard (Everard,
Agtard Eberhard)
Bonsom t Ercimbald,
Dudclet Hadcbald (?)
* This is the theory adopted by Mr. York Powell, English Mist. Rev. v. pp.134-5. But see below, p. ciii. sqq.
t This may be a corruptiou of ' bonus homo,* a pedantry for Godmau.
xWi INTIMUMTTIOV.
And for Dnnisli naiiirs wo Imvc
—
/Kriiiiir..r Armilf Un-pcniilf Ulf
Furiuim* Uun.liilf pi(«liilf
Oilii Uuingrim ponilf or Doomlf
Uudor Eadrod only
—
Engilbred Norlwrt OSolrio Walter
Imvc a Frankish look
—
CiKilin Orim Unbein
may bo Scandinavian, and so forth. Under Eadwig the
Frankish names grow fewer, and hy the time wc reach the
reign of i'Ethelred II. they have almost disappeared, but the
Scandinavian names naturally continue in large numbers.
The various scries of coins initiated during iElfrcd's reign
which wo have been recently describing, the coins of
Guthorm-TEthclstan, Northumbrian coins from the Cuerdalc
Hoard, the imitations of the St. Eadmund coinage, of the
coinages of iElfrcd and Plcgmund may be grouped together
as the Viking coinage of England, and as such they
are of considerable interest. It must be remembered
that as yet scarcely any English coins had found their
way to Scandinavia,t and certainly they had as yet
produced no imitative coinage in the Scandinavian
countries. And though, as we see in the case of the
Dclgany Find, it is probable that English coins had been
carried over into Ireland by the Vikings of that country,
they had produced no imitative coinage there either. It is
possible, as was noticed in the Introduction to Vol. I., that
the Swedes possessed a certain currency copied from the
coins of Dorstat, which found their way to the north ; but
that is by no means certain. What is certain is that for
the initiation of a lasting Scandinavian currency, Irish,
Scandinavian, Norse or Swedish, we must go to a muchlater date, to the end of the tenth century, that is
to say, to the era of the second Scandinavian invasion
of England, that in which the Danes, now become the
• A York inonoycr.
+ St c Xiim Chrnii. 1SS2 (pninr already citc«l on the Dclgany Hoard) p. S4.
INTRODUCTION. xlvii
Danish nation, took a leading part. This earlier currency,
this mixed collection of original and imitative tyj^es, stands
ajiart from any other Scandinavian coinage, and is the only
one which represents what we have ventured to speak of
as the nationality of the Vikings.
If the coinage itself is, as we see that it is, mixed and
chaotic, it represents sufficiently well the nation and the
governments of that nation which issued it. It would not he
wise to press the coinage for more information than can
reasonably he drawn from it. Numismatists are too apt to
make that mistake. We cannot tell by what authority these
copies of JEUred's coins were made. The St. Eadmund coins
themselves, though they were issued under the auspices of
Christians, were coined in a country subject to the Vikings
and must have passed current among the latter : the
barbarous imitations of the St. Eadmund coins seem to
prove that they did so. The Cuerdale-Northumbrian coins
again, with their rude workmanship and their imitations of
Frankish types, stand quite apart from any other series that
we know. Though they bear the names of kings Cnut and
Siefred, we can hardly suppose that they were issued under
royal authority in the sense in which the contemporary
coinage of iElfred was so.* The only pieces out of all these
extra-Wessex series which at all correspond to our ideas of
an ordered and regular currency are the coins of Guthorm--ZEthelstan. These are the only coins which can be said to
imply a state of kingship among the Vikings at all cor-
responding to the kingship which obtained among the
English.
t
* Tlic genuine coinage of JEUrcd, that is.
t Wliat is meant by this is that 'king' among these wandering Norsemenis like 'earl,' always a personal and not a territorial title. In England it wasof course originally the same: but though ^l<]lfrod is still nominally 'king
of the Angcl-cyn,' he is in effect as much King of England, or of the part of
England which he rules, as his successors Eadwcard or Eadgar. It does not
seem a too bold conjecture to suppose that Guthorm-^Ethelstnn, wlien headopted Christianity, did so j)artly with a view to obtaining a more territorial
kingdom than had been customary witli the Vikings. And therecan be little
doubt that the settlement of Normandy and tiu! vassalage of the Normandukes is to be explained on the same principle, llalfdau in Northund)ria
probably attempted the same thing, lie is always spoken of as a tyrant,
Xlviii INTKODUCTION.
It is impossible to do moro than hint these various points
in which the coinage of yElfred's time may illustrate the
history of the period ; in the first place, because it is no
part of our purpose to write that history at length, still
less to dwell upon all its constitutional aspects ; and in the
second place, because it is not advisable to overstrain the
evidence which can be derived from coins, as numismatists are
somewhat apt to do. The history of this period for all the
parts outside the kingdom of Alfred is buried in obscurity,
and the confusion of the coinage only reflects the state
of confusion of the country.
With the accession of Eadweard the Elder, in A.d. 901,
we enter upon a simpler period of history and a simpler
coinage.
According to the strictest laws of primogeniture,
Eadweard was not the heir to the throne. That was
iEthelwald,* the son of ^thelred I., who not unnaturally
was aggrieved at being passed over by the Witan, and who
attempted to raise a rebellion. It is probable that this
iEthelwald was a man of no worth or likelihood, whereas
Eadweard had already showed his metal in more than one
encounter with the Vikings. The course which ^thelwald
pursued in his rebellion was an outrage on the patriotism
and the religious feelings of his countrymen ; and it leaves
a taint upon his courage. When he found how little
support he received at his first rising, he retreated to
Wimborne and shut himself up in the city with a nun
whom he had ravished from the cloister. He swore that he
would die there ; but instead secretly left the place and
fled north to Northumbria, where he was welcomed by the
Northumbrians as a king.f Gubred had probably been dead
six or seven years. The people of the north were perhaps
but then lie bad the Christians and the priests (the depositories of the law)
against him. The story of the ' invention ' of GutSred-Cuut (see Vol. I.
p. Ixvii), shows the part the Christians played in changing the succession.
But the history of Northumbria is buried in too much obscurity for us to
say wliat manner of king Gu^red-Ciiut was.
* ' JEthelbaldus,' .^thelweard.
t A. S. Chnm. s. a. 001 ; Fl. Wig. (E. H. S.), pp. 117-8.
INTRODUCTION. xlix
glad to welcome a claimant from a family whose ideas of
kiu^sliip were more determined than their own. The rival of
Eadweard maintained himself for a time ; but in a.d. 905
he and his Northumbrians were defeated by the English at
Holme, in Norfolk, far, as we see, beyond the borders of
Eadweard's kingdom.* This was the first of a series of
engagements which all mark the turn of the tide of victory
against the English Vikings.
A like turn of the tide had occurred—it may be as well
to note in passing—on the Continent also. The prelude
of it is the defeat of the great Viking fleet and armywhich besieged Paris in a.d. 885-7. f And though subsequent
and temporary successes followed that defeat, the next great
event in the history of the continental Vikings, the settle-
ment of Normandy in a.d. 912, must be looked upon (like
the settlement of East Anglia in this country) rather as a
register of defeat than a token of victory. In Germany the
Vikings sustained a decisive defeat at the hands of Arnulf
the Emperor—the successor of Charles the Fat—in a.d. 8914(It was this defeat abroad which brought about the second
Viking invasion of England during Alfred's reign.) This
victory of Arnulfs was a final one as regards the relief of
Germany from serious Viking invasions. Let us note that
two new elements of warfare became at this time conspicuous
by the aid which they gave towards the Vikings' defeats
—
the increase in the * cavalry arm '—the development of the
heavy-armed man-at-arms of the mediaeval type—and the
development of military engineering, the building of forts
and fortified bridges to hinder the advance of invading
armies and invading fleets. In the defence of Paris, above
spoken of, it is the fortification that plays the principal
part. In Germany, too, at this period the building of forts
was being actively carried on. And it is this clement in
warfare which is the most important one in England for the
* According to Flomieo he had lieen driven ovt;r sea and liad returned,
p. 1 18. Stoenstrui) lias set right tlic clirouulogy of this rebellion, <>. c. III. 32 sq.
t Abbo, Bel. Par. Urhis (Pertz, vol. ii. pp. 77G-805); Annnles Vedtiofiin
88.5-7 (lb. i. 522-4); Reginouis Clironicon (lb. i. 590-6), &c.
X AnndlfK Fuldevses, a. a. 8!JI.
Xlviii INTIIODT'CTION.
It is imposaiblc to do moro than hint these various points
in which the coinage of Alfred's time may illustrate the
history of the period ; in the first place, because it is no
part of our purpose to write that history at length, still
less to dwell upon all its constitutional aspects ; and in the
second place, because it is not advisable to overstrain the
evidence which can be derived from coins, as numismatists are
somewhat apt to do. The history of this period for all the
parts outside the kingdom of Alfred is buried in obscurity,
and the confusion of the coinage only reflects the state
of confusion of the country.
AVith the accession of Eadweard the Elder, in a.d. 901,
we enter upon a simpler period of history and a simpler
coinage.
According to the strictest laws of primogeniture,
Eadweard was not the heir to the throne. That was
iEthelwald,* the son of .^thelred I., who not unnaturally
was aggrieved at being passed over by the Witan, and who
attempted to raise a rebellion. It is probable that this
iEthelwald was a man of no worth or likelihood, whereas
Eadweard had already showed his metal in more than one
encounter with the Vikings. The course which ^thelwald
pursued in his rebellion was an outrage on the patriotism
and the religious feelings of his countrymen ; and it leaves
a taint upon his courage. When he found how little
support he received at his first rising, he retreated to
"Wimborne and shut himself up in the city with a nun
whom he had ravished from the cloister. He swore that he
would die there ; but instead secretly left the place and
fled north to Northumbria, where he was welcomed by the
Northumbrians as a king.f Gubred had probably been dead
six or seven years. The people of the north were perhaps
but then he had the Christians and the priests (the depositories of the law)
against liim. The story of the ' invention ' of GuSn'd-Cunt (see Vol. I.
p. Ixvii), shows the part the Christians played in changing the succession.
But the history of Northumbria is buried in too much obscurity for us to
say what manner of king Gu*red-Caut was.
* ' ^thelbaldus,' ^thelweard.
t A. S. Chnm. s. a. 001 ; Fl. Wig. (E. H. S.), pp. 117-8.
INTRODUCTION. xlix
glad to welcome a claimant from a family whose ideas of
kiugsLip were more determined than their own. The rival of
Eadweard maintained himself for a time ; hut in a.d. 905
he and his Northumhrians were defeated hy the English at
Holme, in Norfolk, far, as we see, heyond the borders of
Eadweard's kingdom.* This was the first of a series of
engagements which all mark the turn of the tide of victory
against the English Vikings.
A like turn of the tide had occurred—it may be as well
to note in passing—on the Continent also. The prelude
of it is the defeat of the great Viking fleet and armywhich besieged Paris in a.d. 885-7. f And though subsequent
and temporary successes followed that defeat, the next great
event in the history of the continental Vikings, the settle-
ment of Normandy in a.d. 912, must be looked upon (like
the settlement of East Anglia in this country) rather as a
register of defeat than a token of victory. In Germany tho
Vikings sustained a decisive defeat at the hands of Arnulf
the Emperor—the successor of Charles the Fat—in a.d. 8914(It was this defeat abroad which brought about the second
Viking invasion of England during .Alfred's reign.) This
victory of Arnulfs was a final one as regards the relief of
Germany from serious Viking invasions. Let us note that
two new elements of warfare became at this time conspicuous
by the aid which they gave towards the Vikings' defeats
—
the increase in the * cavalry arm '—the development of the
heavy-armed man-at-arms of the mediaeval type—and the
development of military engineering, the building of forts
and fortified bridges to hinder the advance of invading
armies and invading fleets. In the defence of Paris, above
spoken of, it is the fortification that plays the principal
part. In Germany, too, at this period the building of forts
was being actively carried on. And it is this element in
warfare which is the most important one in England for the
* Acconlinf^ tn Florriicc he had heen driven ov(;r sea and liad rotnrnod,
p. 118. Stoenstruj) has set right the chronology of this rebellion, o. c. III. 32 .•v/.
t Abbo, Bel. Prir. Ihhis (Pertz, vol. ii. pp. 776-805); Annnlpn ]'pdii>tfi)ii
885-7 (lb. i. 522-4); Keginouis Chronicon (lb. i. 595-6), &c.
X Annaldi Fuldenses, a. a. 8U1.
e
1 INTRODUCTION.
period on which wc arc now embarked. This practice of fort-
building was the main instrument in the extension of the
power of the West Saxon kings over the Scandinavians
settled south of the Ilumbcr.
After his victory over the Vikings at Holme we find
Eadweard renewing his father's compact with the king of
the East Englc. This king is not Guthorm-iEthelstan whodied in a.d. 890,* but another Guthorm called Eohricson
(Eiriksson).
Whenever, upon his coins, Eadweard takes any title in
addition to that of ' rex ' it is simply ' Eex Saxonum,' as his
father and great-grandfather had done before him. But in
his charters Eadweard calls himself ' Angul-Saxonum Eex.'
Before his death Eadweard had the opportunity of wholly
incorporating Mercia with his dominions, and even in the
lifetime of -^Ethelred, the ealdorman of Mercia, and of
Eadweard's sister, ^Ethelflaed, the Lady of the Mercians,
Eadweard was the king of this part of England. We mayassume, and the types of the coins which bear it favour this
assumption, that the rather restricted title ' Eex Saxonum
'
was only used by Eadweard at the beginning of his reign.
f
For Eadweard had very early in his reign the opportunity
of extending his immediate rule over some of the Angles
north of the Thames, over part of the country of East Mercia,
which had previously belonged to Guthorm-iEthelstan. Each
step whereby Eadweard gained his extension of territory wecannot trace—not, that is, until we enter upon the succeeding
phase, the greatest in the recovery of England from the
Vikings—the Building of the Burgs. At the date at
which Eadweard begins building these frontier fortresses
of his kingdom we find that his power has already extended
some way into the old Viking country.
The buildins; of fortresses in En^cland was not inaugurated
* A. S. Chron. s. a. (C. 891).
t In Kcmble, nos. 338, 33.5 (a.d. 901 and 903), the title Angnl- (or Angul-)
Saxonum Rex occurs; in no. 337 (.\.d. 904) Eadweard called himself 'HexAnsl'Tum.' These arc the only srenuine charters given. ^Ethelrcd, of Mercia,
ai)d his wife iEthellL'cd, call themselves in their only genuine charter (K. 330,
A.D. 901). ' Slonarehiiim Jlorciorum teuentes, &c.'
INTRODUCTION. ll
by Efidweard but by his sister, ^thelflciecl the Lady of the
Mercians. We first read that in a.d. 907 iEthelflaed restored
the town of Chester which had lain waste for some time.
The town (it is probable) became a mint under ^iEthelstan.
But we are not told that ^thelflged fortified it.* A.D. 911 is
the probable date of the beginning of the work of building
forts. iEthelflaed's first burg is said, in the Chronicle, to
have been at Bremesburg, which Steenstrup places in
Hertfordshire. Thorpe identifies the place with ' Brams-bury or Bramsby,' in Lincolnshire.f This identification is
quite inadmissible ; for it is impossible that at this date
iEthelflfed's power could have extended into that country. If
we accept Steenstrup's allocation we find her beginning near
the boundary of her own and her brother's rule. Hersecond burg, * Scergeat,' cannot be identified. After that
we find her building upon quite the opposite side of her
dominions at Bridgnorth, near the Welsh border, and
therefore as much against her Welsh neighbours as against
the Vikings.
The first burg which Eadweard built was upon the old
line of division in the ^Ifred-Guthorm peace, that is to say
at Hertford on the Lea. But the country north of the
Thames had formerly belonged to the Mercian half (-^thel-
flped's half) of the West Saxon kingdom, so that it is clear that
Eadweard's dominions had extended in this direction. Thenext burg was built further east, at Witham, half-way towards
Colchester and in the country formerly assigned to Gutliorm.
From this time forward the work of fortress-building
went on apace. In a.d. 914-15 iEthelflsed further built
Tamwprth, Stafford, and Wedensborougli,^ in Staffordshire,
Cherbury in Shropshire, Eddesbury and liuncorn in
Cheshire, and Warwick. Then in a.d. 918 (?) ^thelflaid died.
Her husband had predeceased her in a.d. 912, and they loft
only a daughter.§ It was unfitting that Mercia should any
* A.S. Chron. s. a. 907 (cf. y'. 89-i); Fl. Wig. p. 120.
t Seo A. S. Chron. (Hdlls Ser.) Vol. I. Indox s. v. Brcmcsburli.
X Waidhorongli? in Oxfordslnre ; sec A.S. Citron, s.a. DLO and l>clow p. r.\ix.
§ .^lOlhclllred's danghtcr, .Elfwyn, had lucn betrothed lo liagnald of York
Cthe Kagnald, sou of Ivar, whose biography is given in Vol. I. p. Ixix.) williuut
e 2
lii INTRODUCTION.
longer be separated from Wcssox ; and Eadwcard tlie Elder,
not -without some remonstrance, but without any active
opposition, incorporated the Anglian state in his ownkingdom.
The following is a table of all the burgs built by
^thelflaed and Eadweard. It is taken from Steenstrup's
Normannerne, vol. iii., p. 42.
Burg.
YEAP^.
Anglo-SaxonChronicle.[MSB. A-D.]
^tliclflaod
Eadweard
^thelflsed
Eadweard
^thelflc'cd
Eadweard
Bremesburg .
ScergeatBridgnorthHertford (Northern Burg'WithamHertford (Southern Burg)TamworthStaffonl
Eddesbury
"Warwick
Buckingham .
ChorburyWedensboroughHuncornBedford (Southern Burg)]\Ialdon .
Cledemutha (Gladraouth
Towcester
Waymere
Huntingdon .
Cok'hesterStamford (Soutliern Burg)(Nottingham (N()rtlu'rn\
I Burg)TbelwallManchester(Nottingham\ Burg)Bakewell
(Southern
Hertfordshire
Shropshire .
Hertfordsliire
Essex . AHertfordshire j
Staflbrdshire.
Cheshire
Warwickshire
("Buckingham-
\ shire
Shropshire ,
Staffordshire
CheshireBedfordshireEssex .
South "Wales
jNorthamp-\ tonshire .
Hertfordshire
(Huutingdon-
\ shire
Essex .
LincolnshireNottingham-
shire
CheshireLancashire ,
Nottingliam-shire
Poakland
/(b. c.) 910\
t (D.) 909 ./
(b. c.) 912 .
(b. c.) 912 .
(A. B. CD.) 913
(a.b.c. D.)913
(b. c. d.) 913(B. c. D.) 913(b. c.) 914 .
|(B. c.) 9141
\ (D. 915 ,/
> (a.b.c. D.) 915
(B. c.) 915(B. c.) 915(B. c.) 915(A.) 919(A.) 920(c. D.) 921
(A.) 921
(a.) 921
(A.) 921.}
(A.) 921(A.) 922
(a.) 922
(A.) 923
(A.) 024
(A.) 924
911
913913913
914
914914915
915
915
916916916916917
918
918
918
918919
919
920
921
921
Eadwcard"s knowledge or consent. Apparently, therefore, there was a party
in I^Iorcia opposed to the claims of tlie West Saxon king, as indeed we should
expect tliere to be.
INTRODUCTION. liii
Whenever a burg is completed we find that submission is
made by the dwellers in the immediate neighbourhood,
^thelflaed's first burg was built subsequent to a victory which
she had gained over the Danes at Tettenhall or Wednes-
field.* This at least appears to have been the case, though
the connection between the two events is not clear. It is
probable that the "West Saxons and Mercians fought together
against the Vikings, and that the battle took place in a.d.
911.t Whether therefore it was brought about by ^thelflsed's
work, or was the cause thereof, must be left doubtful.
When Eadweard had built his burg at Witham, we read
that a good deal of the folk submitted to him, which were
before subject to the Danes.J
But it was not to be expected that these works would go
on without opposition on the part of the ' Danes.' In a.d. 914* the Army rode out from Northampton and from Leicester,
and broke the peace, and slew many men.' This ' army
'
was eventually defeated. Except in the early account of
the peace between Eadweard and Guthorm Eiriksson, weonly now and then hear of kings being concerned in these
risings. And we may conclude that a very large part of
Danish England or Viking England was at this time
Tinder a republican form of government (see what is said
above, p. xxx). Possibly we may divide Viking-England
into three distinct divisions—East Anglia, where the pro-
portion of Viking, or at any rate of Scandinavian blood was
comparatively small, but which had been and probably was
still a kingdom ; Northumbria, where the people were anxious
to have a king as a counterpoise to the English kingdom
;
and the middle region, parts of Cambridgeshire, of Hunting-
donshire and Bedfordshire, Northamptonshire, Eutland,
Leicestershire, a great part of Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire
and Lincolnshire, where the Danes were settled in large
* Tetteuliall in the Chronicle ; Wctlncsfield in ^thelwcanl and Florence.
t Stecnstrup,xVorma)int /•;((', iii. 13 tf^/'/., sliows tlie identity of the hattUs of
Tettenhall and of "\Vt dne.slield. The site of the battle is in Staliordahire
;
but Danes from Hertfordshire may have taken part in it.
t A. S. Chron. s. a. 913.
liv INTHODUCTION.
numbers (this in tlic great region of * bys ' and ' tliorpcs '),
but settled under a very Iooho form of government, divided
into difl'creut * armies ' under different chiefs. One group
of small republics was that known as the ' Five Burgs.'
AVe have in a.d. 915 an account of a new Viking raid. It
was directed first against the Welsh. The invaders took
prisoner the Bishop of Llandaff, and were eventually defeated
by the men of Hereford and Gloucester, Eadweard's severest
struggle with Vikings at home took place in a.d. 921. A great
army was gathered together from the land of the Mercian
Danes, and of the East Anglian Danes. These men sought on
their side to raise fortifications : they built a fort at Temps-
ford in Bedfordshire, and from Tempsford they marched
on Bedford. But this rising only led to further defeats of
the Vikings. Tempsford was taken, and the ' king ' [of that
body of Vikings] slain. ' ThurferS and the holds, and the
Army, which belonged to Northampton, north as far as
Welland, the peasantry (landleoda) such as were left, sub-
mitted to King Eadweard, and sought his peace and
protection ; a great number of the folk, both in East Engle
and in Essex, who had before been under the power of the
Danes, submitted to him ; and all the Army in East Engle
swore oneness with him, that it would will what he willed.'
' And the army which belonged to Cambridge chose him to
be lord and protector as he arede.'*
AVe gather from these quotations, in what form Eadweard
extended his power over England. The English folk in
many places threw off the lordship of the Danes and became
Eadweard's subjects once more : the Danish folk not singly,
but in their constitutional bodies commended themselves to
him ; not thereby w'hoUy abandoning their earlier form of
constitution.
No doubt among themselves the Danish communities con-
tinued to be small republics within the state. These ' armies'
rise again to the surface in the troubled years of ^thelred
II. So do the Five Burgs, only now grown into the Seven
Burgs, which notwithstanding seem to have been incorporated
A. S. Ckron.s.a. 921.
INTRODUCTION. \y
in the English kingdom in Eaclweard's reign, or at the
latest in that of his son Eadmimd. We know too that all
Viking England—all Danish England if that expression be
preferred—eontinned to be governed by its own laws till it
once more obtained a Scandinavian sovereign in Cnut. Butfor larger purposes of administration—for the furnishing of
an army, for example, and the manning of a fleet—we maybelieve that England south of the Humber was now one.
Certain verses quoted in the Chronicle, speaking of
Eadmund, Eadweard's son and second successor, assign to
this king the especial credit of having subdued the Five
Burgs. But that must, one thinks, have only been subsequent
to a second revolt. For .^thelstan struck coins at two (or
three) of these five towns.* And, as we have said, the Five
Burgs are still a sort of political unity long after the days of
Eadmund.In every respect the reign of Eadweard the Elder is one Coinape of
of reviving prosperity for the English, and this character- i^j^'l^^'iaril the
istic is sufficiently reflected in his coinage. Alfred's later
coinage (the Exeter and Winchester coins for example)
are a great improvement upon his earlier ones ; and these
later types are continued in the earlier coins of Eadweard
his son. But, presently Eadweard's coins undergo a further
improvement. The busts upon them are sometimes beauti-
fully modelled and engraved, and remind us of the best
drawings on Anglo-Saxon MSS. of the period. The letters
in the inscriptions are better made and more clearly cut
than heretofore ; and, in their reverse types, the coin-
engravers launch out, as it were, into a series of elaborate
* The nttribution of the coins of iEthclstan assigned to Chester wasadopted subsequent to the publication of a paper on the mints of Chester
and Leicester by Mr. Ilynian IMontagu (Ntim. Citron., 3rd Ser., Vol. xi.
p. 12 sqq.). Previously the coins were assigned to Leicester. The reader must
1)6 referrc^d to the paper for the arguments by which ]Mr. IMontagu sustains
the attribution which has been followed in the catalogue. They arc of great
weight. But at the same time it must be acknowledged that the time when
we first find ai> Engli.sh king beginning to strike at Nottingham and Derby,
is precisely the time when \\v sliouM look fur a lioicester coinage also. It
may be, therefore that the supposed Chester coins are Leicester coins after all.
Ivi INTUODUCTION.
ornaments and dcsif:^ns (tlio hand of Providence,* tho
rci)rcs('ntation of buildings, &c.), the like of wliicli are not
to be found either before or after—unless indeed we go far
back to the peaceful and prosperous reign of OfTa, king of
Mercia, tlie reign which saw the first faint warnings of that
great Viking invasion of which Eadweard in a certain sense
saw the end.
It might even be fancied that the types of a building
or a wall, such as those of the reverse of PI. viii. 13 and 14,
were commemorative of the building of the burgs, which
had done so much to free England from the yoke of the
foreigners.!
The Scandinavian populations in the British Islands, or
even in the Scandinavian world generally, were at this
moment entering upon a transition era which separates what
may be called the First Viking Age from the Second Viking
Age. When we read in the English Chronicle, as after an
interval of forty years we do once more, the accounts of
attacks upon England by various bodies of Scandinavians
which begin almost directly after the accession of ^thel-
red II., we might fancy we had gone back two hundred
years and were reading the history of the outbreak of the
Viking era at the end of the eighth century. The names
and expressions which we have been used to in the earlier
age, ' the Danes,' ' the Army,' appear again in these ac-
counts. But it would have been impossible for the Scandi-
navian people to remain stationary during these two
hundred years ; and, as a matter of fact, we know that
they did not do so. Great changes had taken place amongall the Scandinavian peoples since the moment at which
* This type of the 'haud of Providence' occurs on some imperial coins of
tho period (Danncnbcrg, Deutsche Milnzen, pi. 24, 503). This fact is interesting
in view of the relations of Eadweard's son (and daughter) to the Gerniaa
Emperor.
t Originally they were no doubt derived from the ' temple ' type of Lewis
the Pious. It is possible that this type (like tlie monogram type) was intro-
duced by tlie Vikings, and that the coin of ^Ethelred I. which bears this
type was struck by Viking invaders in East Auglia (cf. Vol. I. p. 94 ; Vol. II.
p. 27). In any case the buiklings ou EadwciU'd's coins are only remotely
connected with this parent type.
INTEODUCTION. Ivii
they first emerge into the light of history. "We may place
the ending of the First Viking Era about the year 912,
which is the date of the treaty of St. Clair-en-Epte.* At
that date the extent of the conquests of the Scandinavians
was practically complete. During the era which preceded
it, out of the three parent Scandinavian countries had
gradually been built up a vast congeries of states, a
Greater Scandinavia. This Greater Scandinavia, with the
older countries, included (counting from the East to the
West) a huge district in the North and West of Eussia
extending from Kiev to Lake Ladoga. It included Sweden,
Norway, and Denmark, and a strip of land in North Germany(Mecklenburg), Northern England, Man, most of the Western
Scottish Islands, the Orkneys and Shetlands. There were,
further, large settlements in Ireland grouping themselves
into what were known as the three kingdoms of Dublin,
Waterford, and Limerick. Then there were the Scandi-
navian Colonies, the Faroes and Iceland, to complete this
great stretch of territories which were all inhabited bypeoples closely allied in blood, in speech, and in customs.
Here were ready to hand all the materials for forming a
great northern empire ; and at one time it was quite within
the bounds of possibility that an empire might have been
formed out of these elements. For not only had the
northern states expanded in the way we have described, but
the constitutions under which they were governed had beenchanging likewise. In the three older kingdoms at any rate
monarchies had been established on a tolerably secure basis
;
and the establishment of these strong powers in Norway,Sweden, and Denmark no doubt had an influence on other
Scandinavian settlements. The earls of Orkney (Orkney,
Shetland, and Caithness) were nominally vassals, for a portion
of their territory, of the kings of Norway, for another part, of
the kings of Scotland. But the earls of Orkney who appear
upon the stage of history at this period were men of very
strong character who made themselves into practically
* This date has been disputed by Mr. Iloworth (Archicologia, xlv. 244 »v/.).
But not ill our judgineiit ou sufficicut gruuuda.
Iviii INTRODUCTION.
indcpondcnt Rovcrcigns. Wo know less about the rulers of
tlio Western isLuulH iind of Man, or again about the kings iu
Ireland. But we may feel sure that in these countries also
the very nebulous groups of Vikings, which resembled the
different ' Armies ' which our English Chronicle speaks of
as settled, at the beginning of the tentb century, in East
Anglia and Mercia, were beginning to group themselves into
stronger and better-governed states.
There is another way in which the second era of Scan-
dinavian conquest in England stands contrasted with the
first. When the Vikings first came to England, or to any
of the other countries of Christian Europe, they came as an
army rather than as a navy. In other words, the Viking
ships were not originally designed to take part in naval
engagements, but were only ships of transport. The earlier
Vikings could not fight at sea, for the simple reason that the
Christian powers had no fleets to oppose to them. Amongthe Christian powers the English were the first who set
about the building of fleets. And in the earlier naval battles
between the English under -^thelwulf, or under -Alfred,
and their invaders, the former were generally victorious.
During the period of the Second Viking Age all the
Scandinavian powers had learned to fight at sea, and naval
battles were their chief delight.*
We have not yet arrived at the outbreak of the Second
Viking Age, but so far as England is concerned at a transi-
tion era between the two. Among the English, as in other
* The era in which the word ' Viking ' is found in commonest nse, in the
Sagas, &c., is during the latter part of the tenth century and the begiuuing
of the cleventli. ' A'ikuig ' signifies in this use neither more nor less than
sea-rover, sea-advcnturor. But this is not the etymological meaning of the
word riJi-ing. Etymologically it is either the man of the vik (bay) in the
general sense, or else the man of the Vik (the Bay par excellence) i.e. the land
on the northern side of the Skager-rak. This etymological mt.auiug must be
the earliest oue ; so that the change in meaning to the general sense which* Viking ' has in the Sagas, implies a change in the chiuacter of the Vikings
themselves. These changes in meaning may be compared, in the first place (aa
a mere expansion), with the change iu the meaning of the word ' Hellene ' ;
iu the second place (as a change from a proper to a general name), with such
words as ' myrmidons,' the modern French ' suisse,' and so forth. Scc
Cleasby's Icelandic Dictionary (Vigfusson), s. v. ' Viking.'
INTRODUCTION. lix
countries, an instinctive tendency towards centralization and
stronger government made itself felt. This tendency was
strengthened by the vigour of the "West Saxon kings who,
during the two generations which follow Alfred, expended
all their energy in absorbing into their kingdom the Danes
south of the Humber. All the lesser armies or the smaller
republics, such as those five burgs, Lincoln, Nottingham,
Leicester, Stamford, and Derby, lose their distinct indivi-
duality and became levelled away into a larger Dane-Law,
a district subject to the English kings though governed
according to Danish law and custom. The country north
of the Humber, however, remained, and we may surmise
became more homogeneous and stronger by the same pro-
cess which was simplifying and strengthening both the
English and the Scandinavian states. So that a good deal
of the sense of nationality among the Northumbrians, even
among the English of Northumbria, rallied round the
Danish kings of that district, and we actually find an Arch-
bishop of York, an Englishman, taking the part of these
foreign kings against the kings of Southern England.
The Vikings of Northumberland came very near to sub-
mitting to iEthelflsed. But they would not submit to her
brother Eadweard. There had been talk, as we saw, of
marrying ^Ethelflaed's daughter to Kagnald, a Norse king
of Northumbria. This Kagnald was a ruler whom the
Northumbrians had imported from Ireland. And he was
only the first of a series of Northumbrian kings who all
belonged to the same house; collectively this house is knownin the Chronicles as the Sons of Ivar (' Hy-Imhair ' in Irish*),
and Ivar, the founder of the house, has been identified with
Ivar, a son of the half mythical or wholly mythical Kagnar
Lodbrog.f The biographies and the coinages of these kings
of the house of Ivar were given in the last volume,! andit is not therefore necessary to repeat their history here.
But what we have to note is that during the reigns of the
* Todd, War of the Gaedhil ivith (he GaiU (R. S.), pp. 2«;S sqq.
t Tlio iilciilificafiuii is probahly mistaken. Sec Vol. I., lutroductioii, p. l.\ix.
X Vol. I. pp. liii., Ixviii. Ixxii., 231-2;J8.
Ix INTRODUCTION.
three sons of Eaflwcard, TEthclHtan, Eadmund, and Eadred,
these kings do not at once disappear before the power of
the West Saxon kings, as did no doubt the petty rulers in
Mercia and East Anglia.
^thelstan, about whose title to succession there was some
doubt, was not at the beginning of his reign in a position to
attempt the conquest of Northumbria from her new kings
;
the less so that (as we have said) the English Northumbrians
showed that they had enough of the spirit of nationality or
separatism left in them to make them ready sometimes to
side with their heathen conquerors, rather than allow them-
selves to be incorporated in the West Saxon kingdom.
One of iEthelstan's first acts was to make peace with the
present king of Northumbria, Sihtric Gale, and to give him
his sister in marriage. Sihtric Gale died the next year, and
iEthelstan was then able to take over the kingdom of York,
and add it to his own kingdom. He may have done this as
heir to King Sihtric, or as protector of his sister. The act
was not in all respects a prudent one : for it produced the
first great alliance of lesser British princes, directed against
the power of the English king. Howel, king of the North
Welsh,* Constantino (III.), king of the Scots, and Eadred,
king of Bamborough
—
i.e., Bernicia, the portion of Northum-
bria which had still been left to the Anglian kings though as
under-kings only—were the members of this coalition. But
they were, the Chronicle says, subjugated by iEthelstan, and
compelled to swear oaths and give hostages to him. Guthfri^
[Godfred], king of Dublin, who was a relative of—according
to William of Malmesbury he was the son of—Sihtric Gale,t
tried to make good his claim to the kingdom of Northumbria,
iEthelstan, however, drove him from the kingdom. Guth-
friS went first to the king of the Scots ; but he did not deem
himself safe there from the power of ^Ethelstan, and so
returned to Ireland. A little later another unsuccessful
attempt on the Northumbrian kingdom was made by one
TurferS. It was probably subsequent to these events that
* ' West Welsh ' the Chroiiicic says, by a slip of the peu.
t Wil. Muliu. 0. li. A. (E. II. S.), p. 212.
INTRODUCTION. Ixi
yEthelstan assumed the title ' Eex totiiis Britannise ' which
we see on his charters and his coins. (See below p. Ixii.)
Then followed seven years of peace, the most glorious
years which any king of Wessex had yet known. That the
titles which ^Ethelstan assumed were not empty boasts, but
that his position was recognised by foreign princes we
know. We know that many foreign princes sought tho
hands of his sisters, the daughters of Eadweard the Elder.
The most famous of these marriages was that of the Princess
Eadgith (Eaditha)] with the Emperor Otto I. Charles the
Simple of France married Eadgifu (Eadgiva). This queen and
her son Lewis, amidst the troubles which surrounded the late
Carlings, sought asylum in England ; it was from England
that this Lewis was brought back to be crowned king of
the West Franks. Whence he is known in history as Ludo-
vicus transmarinus, or Louis d'Outremer. Eadhild (Ethilda)
married Hugh the Great, the father of Hugh Capet ; and
Ealgifu (Ealgiva) married Louis, king of Provence, son of
Boso, and nephew of Charles the Bald's second wife,
Kichildis. .^jlthelstan had thus intimate relations with
nearly all the Christian princes of Western Europe.
^thelstan's greatness was recognised by the northern
powers. Harald of Norway, now nearing the end of his
reign, sent an embassy to England.
There are many accounts of the relations of JEthelstan
and Harald. The best known story, the one told in Harolds
Saga Harfagra, represents the intercourse of the kings as
hardly friendly. But we may believe the stories of tho
practical jokes (for such they really wore) which ^thelstan
and Harald played upon each other are apocryphal. We must
only accept the outcome of the legend that -^tlielstan did
really become godfather to ITarald's son Hakon, who was called
Hakon ^thelstans-fostri. Harald Fairhair had no cause to
love the Norsemen who were the foes of iEthelstan; for
they were the men, or the sons of the men, who had fought
under the banner of Kjutvi and his allies at Hafirsfjord. So
that friendship between Harald and iEthelstan was as
natural as were the friendly relations of Harun-el-Kashid
and Charlemagne. This relationship between England and
Scandinavia is of interest; more especially in view of the
Ixii INTRODUCTION,
part wliicli tlio English coinage played in inaugurating a
Scandinavian currency.
In the reign of Tli^tlielstan we Lave the carlicKt numis-
matic record of the conquests of his father in the coins
struck by the son at certain mint-places in Mercia, viz. at
Chester (?), Derby, Nottingham, and a record of his own
conquests in the coins which he struck at York. Another
feature of the coinage of iEthelstan is the appearance on it
of the title REX TOTIUS BRITANNI/E [REX TOT. BRIT.] of
which we have just spoken. We find that this title appears
on nearly all the coins with mint names ; though in one
instance, a coin of Derby, we have a reversion to the antique
form Eex Saxonum.* We have already said that the title
7'ex totius Britanniie was probably first assumed after the
submission at Eamot (Emmet) of the Scottish and Welsh
kings and of the Northumbrian GuthfriS.t
* Which never occurs on the charters of ^thelstan.
t On the probably genuine charters of iEthelstan in Kemble we find the
king signing or described as follows :
—
Charter no. 345 (date uncertain), ^^clstanus rex Anglorum, per omnipa-
trautis dcxteram totius
Britannise regni solio sub-
limatus
„ 347, A.D. 929 . . „ regnum totius Albionis deo
auctore dispensana
„ 348, „ „ . . ,, rex Anglorum
„ 353, „ 931 . . ,, rex Anglorum, per omnipa-
trantis dcxteram totius
Britannise regni solio sub-
limatus
„ 356 (date uncertain). „ rex Anglorum et asqne totius
Albiouis, . . . rex totius
Brytannias
,, totius Britanni.TB basileus
„ apice totius Albionis sublima-
tus, . . . totius Britmniaj rex
„ rex et rector totius hujus
Britannia! insulw, . . . rex
totius Britannia)
3G4, „ 934 . . ,, rex Anglorum per omnipa-
trantis dexleram totius
Britanuife regni solio sub-
limatus
:{(i9. „ 937 . . ,. rex monarchus totius Britan-
ni;o insula' . . . rex totius
Britannia'
357,
INTHODUCTION. Ixiii
In A.D. 934 Constantino III., king of Scotland, rebelled
against -^thelstan ; and the English king sent a fleet and
an army to invade Lis country. It was either just before
or just after this event that Constantino married his daughter
to Olaf Quaran, a Norse King of Dublin, and likewise,
according to one tradition, the brother-in-law of Olaf
Tryggvason, subsequently King of Norway.* Three years
after this harrying of iEthelstan's in Scotland, Olaf Quarancame back to Scotland bringing with him another Olaf, Olaf
Godfredsson from Dublin. A new coalition was formed
against .^thelstan. Owen of Cumberland joined it. Thefleet of the allies sailed up the Humber and took York.
iEthelstan must have been taken more or less by surprise.
He craftily opened negotiations with the two Olafs. Butin the interval he and his brother Eadmund hastened the
muster of an army. At length the English troops en-
countered those of the allies at the battle of Brunanburg,
and gained that memorable victory the fame of which lives
in song.
From this time to his death (a.d. 940) the reign of ^thel- Eudmimd.
stan was undisturbed. On his death he was succeeded by his
brother Eadmund, who was then only eighteen years of age.
It was natural that when the firm hand of ^thelstan waswithdrawn Danish England should think once more of revolt.
The Northumbrians chose Olaf Quaran, the son-in-law of
Constantino the Third, and one of the two Olafs who hadfought at Brunanburg t (Vol. L, pp. Ixx., Ixxi.). Wemust remember that the last king of Bernicia had been
driven forth, and there was now no ruler to represent the
nationality of the Northumbrians. It is likely that since
the time (a.d. 870) when Halfdan first ' gedseldo ' (divided)
the Northumbrian laud among his followers, not wholly
dispersing the English, a modus vivendi had been established
* Vol, I. p. Ixx ; dlafs S. Tryggvas. c. 33.
t ' Anlaf of Ireland ' tho Clironiclo (D.) calls him. But this title is far
from distinctive, as almost all tiie Olafs (Aiilafs) who appear in history at this
juncture came from Ireland. Tlie Ciironiek! is extremely coiifiisiiif; at this
point, and the different ]\ISS. (D. E. F.) must he compared with eaeli otlier
and with the corresponding' portions uf tlie hi.>lory of Simoon of Durliam.
Ixiv INTRODTTCTION,
iK'twoon the t^YO races, and that the Engli.sh even were not
nnwillinp; to welcome a Norse king from Ireland in default
of a kiufjj of the old Bornician stock. For we find that the
Archbishop of York, Wulfstan, allied himself with Olaf. The
Danes of the east too—of East Anglia and of East Mercia
—
acknowledged him as king. It was for these republican
' armies ' now a choice between Norse kingship or English,
Olaf marched first on Northampton ; but this place he
failed to take. At Tamworth he was more successful. The
town was stormed with great slaughter on both sides. Ead-
mund upon his part had collected an army ; he marched
therewith to Leicester and nearly succeeded in capturing
both Wulfstan and Olaf; but they escaped during the
, night.* Eventually, through the mediation of the cele-
brated Odo, himself by descent a Dane,t who had been
lately raised to the Archbishopric of Canterbury,^ a peace
between the two armies was brought about. The contest
had lasted for at least a year. The effect of the peace was
to make of Northumbria a legally dependent but practi-
cally separate Norse kingdom. Olaf accepted baptism ; and
Eadmund stood sponsor for him, as Alfred had done for
Guthorm ; or as the Emperor Lewis the Pious had done 116
years earlier for one of the first converted Danes mentioned
in history. § This event took place in a.d. 942. Olaf
Quaran and his cousin Olaf Godfredsson, probably divided
the Northumbrian kingdom between them.|| But Olaf God-
fredsson apparently died in this same year 942 ; and
Eegnald, another son of Godfred, became the second king in
Northumbria.
* A. S. Chron. s. a. 043.
t Vitd S. Oswaldi, Arch. Ebor. (Eaine, Archbishops of York, R. S.), T- 404.
X Stut)hs, Rog. Sac. Angh, p. 14.
§ Einhaid, Annates (Pertz, i. 212); Thegan, Vita Lud. P("/ (Pertz, vol. ii.
697, sq.); Ermoldus Nigellus, Carmina 1. iv. (Ibid. ii. pp. 501-516).
11See Vol. I. pp. Ixx.-lxxi. Ohif Quaran is supposed to have been tlie
brother-in-law of a third Olaf, Olaf Tryggvason, the king of Norway(see preceding page and cf. Corp. Poet. Boreale, ii. 84), and the con-
version of the Irish king may have been the determining cause of the
conversion of his more distinguished brotlior-in-Iaw. If so, this baptism of
Olaf Quaran was an event of capital imiiortaucc in the history of Scandinavia.
INTRODUCTION. IxV
If, however, Eadmund was compelled to behold a Norse
Northumbrian kingdom established upon a more or less
legal footing at one end of his dominions, he gained an
equivalent by adding to the latter the whole of eastern
England. Simeon of Durham, indeed, says that Watling
Street was the boundary between the English and North-
umbrian kingdoms.* But this is certainly a mistake, a
reminiscence, perhaps, of the terms of the -^Elfred-Giithorm
peace. The Chronicle specially mentions that the Five
Burgs were added by Eadmund to his kingdom.f Whatthe exact meaning of this statement is it is not possible
to determine. For on the one hand we find ^thelstan
striking at at least two of these five towns, and possibly at
three; on the other hand, we read of the burning of the
seven ' burgs ' (and these seven certainly included the
earlier five) as much as seventy years later in the reign of
^thelred Il.t
Still, though we cannot define with precision, it does not
seem that we have any authority to reject the general sense
of the statement that Eadmund made, more completely
than his predecessor had done, these Danish republics of
East Mercia and East Anglia an integral part of the terri-
tory of the West Saxon kings. On the other hand there
is no doubt that all Danish England, all the ancient
Danelaga, continued to be governed by Danish law andruled with a certain independence. Before Cnut came anddivided all England up into earldoms, we find earls ruling
in East Anglia and in Northumbria.
The kingdom of Olaf and Eegnald in the north lasted
only two years. In a.d. 944 Eadmund drove out both
these kings. He gave part of their dominions to Malcolm,
king of the Scots ; no doubt with the object of forestall-
ing any such hostile combination against the English as
that which had threatened iEthelstan at J^runanburg. Twoyears after this Eadmund was murdered by Leofa at
Pucklechurch.
* Simeon Dunelru., H. li, ii. p. 94 (RoUa Series).
t A. S. Chron. a. a. 943. J A. i>. Chron. a. a. 1015.
/
Ixvi INTRODUCTION.
Eailrcd. IIc wag Succeeded by Eadrod tlic tliird of tlie sons of Ead-
wcard tlio Elder. In a.d. 047 Eadred received at Tadcaster
(in YorksLiro) an oatli of allegiance from the Nortlmmbrian
Witan with Archbishop Wulfstan at its head. But in a.d. 948
the Northumbrians again revolted. This time they did not
look for support to tlie Irish Norsemen, but elected as their
king Erik Blooox, the son of Harald Harfagr. Erik had
been expelled from the throne of Norway by his half-
brother Hakon, known as iEthelstan's foster-son. Erik,
who had carried with him into exile a large fleet and army,
came to York, and was there received as king. Eadred
marched an army into Northumbria, and as an act of
vengeance, fearfully ravaged the country. Eipon Cathedral
was among the buildings burnt by the English army.
Eventually the Northumbrians made peace with Eadred,
and Erik was driven out. But before long the Northum-brians once more took Olaf Quaran for their king, and then
Erik for a second time.* Eadred died in a.d. 955.
Undoubtedly during the last two reigns we find a certain
recrudescence of the power of the Norse kings in Northum-bria. And in many ways the coins struck by the princes whoreigned alongside of Eadmund and Eadred are evidences of
this. The coins struck by the kings of the House of Ivar
are very different from those struck by the mysterious Cnut(GuSred-Cuut) and Siefred of the Northumbrian kingdomduring Alfred's reign. They are not barbarous fabrica-
tions such as those earlier Danish-Northumbrian coins ; but
are modelled upon the contemporary coins of the "Wessex
kings, iEthelstan, Eadmund, or Eadred, from which in manyinstances they are clearly copied (cf. Yol. i. PL xxviii. 4[Eagnald] xxix. 4 [Olaf Quaran] with Yol. ii. PI. ix. 1, 3,
7-12, 14 [.^thelstan] ; Yol. i. PI. xxix. 5 [Olaf], with
Yol. ii. PL xi. 9 [Eadmund] ; and Yol. i. PL xxix. 8-11
[Olaf and Eric], with Yol. ii. PL x. 5, 6 [yEthelstan] xi. 2-8
[Eadmund], and xii. 2-6 [Eadred]).
Again, how much power Eadmund and Eadred possessed in
Northumbria during the periods in which they were nomin-
* See Vol. i. pp. lx.\i.-ii.
INTRODUCTION. Ixvii
ally kings of that country it wonlJ not be easy to determine.
Against the representations of the historians is to be weighed
the fact that Eadmund struck but one coin with the name of
the York mint and Eadred none. Bat then neither of these
princes affected very much the placing of mint names upontheir coins. ^thelstan's York moneyers are Adclbert,
JE^ehed, Arnulf, Ecbcrht (?) Hcldalt, Eaegenald or Eegnald,
Eotberht and Siuard (Siward) ; and of these eight names,
four, viz., Arnulf, Ecberht (spelled Ecgbriht), Eaegeuald or
Efegcnold, and IJotbert (Eodberht), occur on the coins of Ead-mund without mint names ; two of the names, Arnulf andEaegenald, are, though not rare, sufficiently so to be fairly char-
acteristic, and Eotbert is somewhat rarer. We may assume
therefore that the coins struck by these moneyers, even whenthe pieces bear no mint-name, were struck at York. Arnulf
and Eotbert occur again on the coins of Eadred. We have to
add Eadmund's known York moneyer Ingelgar, who struck
for Eadred also. This might in itself be taken as evidence
of a continuous currency at the city of York. But on the
other Land we have good reason for believing from a com-
parison of different writers that, as is said in Vol. i., Olaf
Quaran reigned at York from a.d. 941-944, and again from
A.D. 949-952, while Erik BloSox probably reigned from
A.D. 948-949, and from a.d. 952-954. These dates are
arrived at after a careful comparison of different authorities;
for the evidence in regard to dates and periods is very
conflicting at this point. It would be difficult to believe
that Olaf with an array of eight moneyers and eighteen
types, or Erik with his five moneyers and eight types, could
have held the kingdom of York for a short period only. Let
us further note that Olaf's and Erik's lists of moneyers have
several names in common (Ascolu-Aculf, Farman, Ingclgiir,
Eadulf). Eadmund has two of these moneyers, Farman andIngelgar (the latter his known York moneyer). Of Erik's
moneyers Hunrcd strikes also for Eadred.
It may be noted, by the way, that the occurrence of
these names, Ingelgar, Farman, and Hunred, on coins of
the Norse and English kings of York alike seems to dis-
pose conclusively of the theory tliat the moneyers were
Ixviii INTRODUCTION,
not local people, but mm who travelled in the service of
the king.
By the expulsion of Erik shortly before the death of
Eadrcd, England gained definite and final possession of the
Northumbrian kingdom, and under Eudwig a considerable
York coinage is once more found.
Put more concisely, the facts with regard to the coinage
at York are :
—
Under ilEthelstan there is a considerable coinage at that
town.
Under Eadmund and Eadred it almost disappears.
It reappears under Eadwig.
Then again
—
Under Eadmund and Eadred we have a considerable
Norse coinage at York.
Under ^Ethelstan and under Eadwig we have practically
none.
If then we are to assume a continued extension of the
power of the English kings during the reigns of the sons of
Eadweard the Elder, we must suppose that during the
reigns of his two younger sons the English rule was
extended especially towards eastern England, among the
Danes of the Five Burgs, of the rest of Eastern Mercia,
and of East Anglia. This is of course more or less in
accord with what the chroniclers tell us, for they represent
the conquest of the Five Burgs as the principal achievement
of Eadmund's reign. Eadred's great achievement was the
subjection of the Northumbrian kingdom, though the efi'ects
of the achievement were felt not in his reign, but in those
of his nephews.
Eadwig. We may consider that England's practical immunity from
Viking troubles dates from the accession of Eadwig, not
from that of Kadgar the Peaceful. This was a sort of anti-
cyclone between two storms, and it lasted for twenty-five or
twenty-six years.
It was of evil augury for the future that England madethis period of calm the occasion for bitter intestine quarrels,
which at one time practically went the length of civil war.
With the ecclesiastical disputes of this period we have
INTRODUCTION. Ixix
nothing directly to do ; as it is impossible to see any way in
which they could have affected the coinage. Their only
interest for us is the degree in which they weakened Englandand prepared the way for the disasters which overtook the
next generation. The first effect of the unpopularity of
Eadwig was the separation of Mercia from Wessex, which
took place in a.d. 957, two years after Eadwig's succession.
We may, I think, assume that Eadgar who now obtained the
rule of Mercia, ruled as under-king to his brother, just as
the former kings of Kent, when they were brothers or sons
of the king of Wessex, ruled as under-kings to the king of
Wessex ; or as .3^thelbald, even though king of Wessex, ruled
as under-king to his father the king of Kent.* We mayassume, for instance, that the five moneyers who struck for
Bedford under Eadwig did not all strike between a.d. 955 and
957. For though three of them were moneyers of Eadred
(Baldwine, Boiga, Grim), the same three also struck under
Eadgar. No doubt the effective rule belonged to the younger
brother ; and to him belongs the credit if, during Eadwig's
reign, the Norsemen made no attempt, even partially suc-
cessful, to wrest Northumbria from the English kings.
Eadwig died in a.d. 959, and then followed the reign of Eadgar.
Eadgar, the fifteen most glorious years in the history of the
kings of the house of Cerdic.
During this reign the English and the Norsemen found
fields for struggle outside the boundaries of the English
kingdom. A disputed succession in the kingdom of North
Wales invited the interference of English and of Norse
troops. Eadgar espoused the side of Howel against his
uncle Jago. The latter was assisted by troops sent byMaccus, the king of Man. Howel was successful ; he paid
allegiance to Eadgar as his over-king ; nay, it seems that
Maccus was himself compelled to do the same. Cumberland
again—a larger country than the modern county—which
had been over-run by Norsemen from Ireland and had long
before been freed by Eadmund and granted as a fief to
* I.e., tliat if he struck coins for Wessex Lc placed liis father's name uponthem.
IXX INTHODUCTION.
Malcolm I. of Scotland (or Alban *), was confirmed to
another IMalcolm hy Eadgar.f These three princes, IIowcl,
Maccus, and Malcolm, were three of the eight nnder-kings
who gave token of their subjection by rowing Eadgar nj)on
the river Dec. The remaining princes were Kenneth, king
of Scotland, Dufnall, king of Strathclydo, Juchill, ' king of
Westmoreland ' (it is difficult to understand a king of West-
moreland by the side of a king of Cumberland and also a
king of Strathclyde), and Siefer-S or Siefred and Jacob
who are also spoken of as kings of Wales. Is it pos-
sible that this Jacob is the same as Jago, and that the
uncle and nephew had found some sort of modus vivendi
in North Wales ? This celebrated row upon the river Dee
—
or say universal homage to Eadgar, as 'basileus totius
BritannisB,' took place in a.d. 973, two years before Eadgar's
death.
Of the coinage of Eadgar we have only to note that in the
excellence of design and execution, in the number of the
pieces struck, and in the number of the moneyers employed
to strike them, it fairly well carries out the impression of
magnificence and prosperity which the chroniclers attribute-
to this reign. We have also to note that there is now a con-
siderable increase in the number of mint-places recorded on
the coins. There exist coins of Eadgar struck at Bath,
Bedford, Cambridge, Canterbury, Chester (?), Chichester,
Derby, Dover, Exeter, Gloucester, Hereford, Hertford (?),
Huntington, Ilchester, Ipswich, Leicester, Lewes, Lincoln,
London, Lymne, Norwich, Oxford, Eochester, Shaftesbury,
Southampton, Stafford, Stamford, Tempsford (?), Thetford,
Totness, Wallingford, Wilton, Winchelsea, Winchester, and
York.
Eadwcuid II. The short reign of Eadweard the Martyr (a.d. 975-979)
intervenes, and then we come to the reign of England's
great disasters, that of -^thelred II. As generally happens
in history, iEthelred's character has borne the chief part of
the blame for the misfortunes which fell upon England
during his long reign, .^thelred's sohriqud of Unready does
* SkouL', Celtic Scotland, i. p. 3G2.
t Malcolm J., sou of Donald, was slain in 954.
INTRODUCTION. Ixxi
not of course, as everybody knows, bear its motlorn significa-
tion, but means the Counselless. Freeman gives it rather a
technical meaning of one who acted without advice of the
Witan. But it is by no means just to lay the chief blame
for all the misfortunes of England upon its ruler. Thetruth is, we see, during the whole of this reign, evidences
of a most extraordinary degeneracy in the English people,
for which it is impossible adequately to account ; we see
treachery on all sides among the nobility, and very fre-
quently cowardice among the people. It may be conjec-
tured that the English really had very much deteriorated
during the foregoing generations. The country was like a
human body which has been overfed on too nourishing or too
stimulating food. It had not yet absorbed the large foreign
element which had settled in the country. It is probable
that the religion of the people had altered very much for
the worse. This is only to be expected when we rememberhow very rapid and superficial had been the conversion of the
Vikings. The efforts of Dunstan and Odo to reform the clergy
were rendered necessary by the scandalous condition into
which church discipline had fallen ; and no doubt the corrup-
tion of the clergy only reflected the corruption of the people.
In trying to understand the history of this new era womust never lose sight of the fact that there were two lines
of cleavage among the inhabitants of England at this
moment : one a distinction of blood, and the other of
religion. The party which represented the secular party of
the previous reigns, the party opposed to Dunstan w'ould be
the people among those of English birth who were, whenthe time came, the least bitterly opposed to the half-heathen
Svend in his claim to the throne of England ; while of
course among the two nationalities who lived side by side in
England at this moment, the descendants of the Vikings in
the East and North, would be far more favourable to Svend
than the English in the South and West.*
* Note in this connection nn expression used in a verso in the A. S.
Clironicle {s. a. 1011) in .speaking of .^Ifheali tlio marfjT
—
Wiub id nuiiling, so iSo lur w;oa iieafod
Aiigelkyunid and Cri«t(.udomes.
Ixxii INTRODUCTION.
Suporficially, as we have already said, the points of like-
ness between the beginning of this second Viking age and
the beginning of the first one, are almost absurdly striking.
It is curious, moreover, that the second age begins almost
exactly two hundred years after the first. We read howthe first age was preceded by a supernatural warning— a rain
of blood which Alcuin saw descending upon the minster at
York, Just before the beginning of the second age, that is
to say on the accession of iEthelred, a bloody cloud was
remarked in the sky. Probably it was only an aurora
borealis; but still it was accepted by the people of the
times as a warning of some coming terror; and the very
next year ravages on the coast began, just like those that
(to read the accounts in the Chronicle) began in England
towards the end of the eighth century.
It is probable again that the first invaders in ^^thelred's
reign came either from Ireland or from the Western Islands,
and we know that that holds true of the first invaders in
Ecgbeorht's time. Down to Eadgar's time there had been
considerable fighting in the outlying parts of Great Britain
between the English troops and the Vikings of the islands,
and the relations between the English and the Norse
islanders were becoming strained. Maccus, the Norse king
of Man, took, as we saw, one side in the quarrel over the
succession in North Wales, and Eadgar took another.
But these and other points of resemblance in the first and
the second era of Scandinavian invasion are chiefly super-
ficial. We have already pointed out how many points of
diff'erence there were between the two classes of invaders
;
this one among the rest, that this second army of Vikings
came in well-armed fleets ready to fight both by sea and land.
In A.D. 980 we read that a naval force ravaged Southampton;
another ravaged Chester, and Thanet also was attacked.
The next year there was another fleet on the south coast
;
Padstow was harried and the fleet likewise attacked Wales.
In A.D. 982 three ships came to Dorchester ; and afterwards
they sailed round to London, which was partially burnt.
There were other attacks in 983 and 986 ; and in 989 Watehet
was ravaged. This year, too, is memorable for the death of
INTRODUCTION. Ixxiii
Dunstan. All these attacks were like the attacks which
opened out the first Viking period, merely plundering
expeditions, and without any great significance; hut the
Northern powers in general were, as we have already said,
in a far hetter organized condition for making great con-
quests than they had been two hundred years before, and it
is quite certain that both Denmark and Norway had their
eyes upon England, which was already half Danish, and
which was much the richest country of any which lay at
all near the great belt of Scandinavian States which wedescribed upon an earlier page.
In A.D. 991 a fleet came to the east coast and attacked
Ipswich ; this fleet, it seems, was under the command of
three leaders, Olaf, Justin, and Guthmund. The Olaf was
the famous Olaf Tryggvason, who four years later was to
make himself king of Norway. There is a long and fabulous
history relating to this Olaf's birth, and to his early bringing
up in Eussia; but we really know nothing definite about
him before his appearance at this moment upon the stage of
history. It is very likely that he came from the WesternVikings, either from Ireland or from the Isles ; his first
wife, we saw, is said to have been a sister of Olaf, king
of Dublin. This year, 991, is memorable not only for the
appearance of Olaf, but for the battle of Maldon, in which
the English ealdorman Brihtnoth strenuously but vainly
endeavoured to resist the invaders, the memory whereof has
been preserved in a fine Anglo-Saxon poem. After this
defeat, the English paid their Hrst bribe (10,000 pounds of
silver) to the Northmen.
In A.D. 902 ^thelred gathered a great fleet at Londonintending to revenge the Maldon defeat and to drive the
invaders from the Eastern Counties. But he was betrayed
by one of his ealdorman, .^Ifric, and the enemy had time
to escape.
In A.D. 993, Bamborough, the Bernician capital, wasstormed ; the army then sailed up the Humbor and plundered
Lindsay in Lincolnshire. This was probably a Danish army,
for now a new Scandinavian foe had appeared in the field
—
the most powerful of all—Svend, king of Denmark.
Ixxiv INTRODUCTION.
Wc liavo said that the trouhlcs of this age are a fjood
deal complicated hy beiug a series of struggles, not merely
between the English and Danes, but between heathens or
half-heathens and Christians, or again between the high
church or monastic party, the party of Dunstan, and
the secular party : all these different interests acted and
counteracted. Svend may be reckoned the nearest ap-
proach to a representative of heathenism. His father,
Harald Blaatand, had been converted by force by the
Emperor Otto I, but he had apparently taken to his new
faith and become a rather zealous Christian ; for he did his
best to make Hakon, earl of Norway, his vassal, follow him
in his change of faith. Hakon resisted, and the result
was that Norway substantially threw off its vassalage to
Denmark and that Hakon became practically an indepen-
dent king. Svend, Harald's sou, who was often in rebellion
against his father, apostatized. He had now again become
nominally Christian, but his friendship with the earls of the
family of Hakon and his subsequent opposition to Olaf
Tryggvason, when he became the reformer of Norway, show
that his interests were rather with the heathen party than
with the Christian. Olaf when he came with Svend to the
English coast was still a heathen, but according to the story
in Olafs Saga after he had plundered in England this
year, he sailed to the Scilly Isles, where he met a very
reverent hermit who converted him by a display of his
prophetic powers. It was due to his change of faith that
in the year 995 Olaf showed himself willing to come to
terms with ^thelred and to receive confirmation at the
hands of the English archbishop.
From this time England had two or three years' peace.
In A.D. 995 an opening arose to Olaf Tryggvason to secure
the crown of Norway. Hakon, the old earl and champion of
heathenism in that country, had made himself odious by his
crimes, and now when Olaf arrived in Norway he found that
Hakon had already been hunted into hiding by his bonders,
and that everybody was ready to receive him as the re-
presentative of Harald's line. From that time to his death
(a.d. 1000), Olaf was fully occupied in spreading Christianity
INTRODUCTION. Ixxv
by force in Norway and Iceland, and in preparing himself
to encounter the growing hostility of his two Scandinavian
neighbour states, Sweden and Denmark, The Western
Vikings seem during part of the same period (a.d. 995-7) to
have been much occupied in Wales ; and Svend was probably
engaged during these years in an invasion of Saxon and
Sclavonic Germany.
Though ^thelred has received the most part of the blamefor the feebleness of the English resistance, it was hard for
him to find any among his thanes or ealdormen who were
to be trusted. A sentence of the Saxon chronicler mustsuffice us to explain the state of affairs, or rather to showthat no satisfactory explanation is possible. Whenever a
force was gathered against the invaders
—
' ponue wearS pser refrc, purh sum ying, fleam astiht.
there was ever through some tiling flight determined on.'*
AVhen the king did take active measures it is difficult
to see what purpose they had, unless they were merelydictated by desire for revenge on those who were mostopen to attack. His idea seems to have been to revenge
himself for the incursions of foreign fleets by the massacre
of the Norsemen or the Danes settled in his own country.
Between a,d, 995 and 1000, England was left almost at
peace. One fleet came in 998 to the Isle of Wight, another
in 999 to Kent. They were bribed to withdraw, .^lithelred
took this occasion for a strange display of energy. Thouf^h
he had failed to meet the fleets that assailed him, he nowset to work to attack the Norsemen settled in or hard byhis territories. We read that in the year 1000 ho ravagedCumberland and attacked the Isle of Man. Cumberland wasat that time very largely inhabited by Norsemen who hadcome over either from Ireland or from the Western Islands,
and it is quite possible that the men of Cumberland hadfurnished some contingents to the invaders of England.But that the foreign fleets, least of all those that liad comefrom Norway and Denmark, could be seriously injured by
* A. S. Chron. s. a. ms.
Ixxvi INTRODUCTION.
ihe harrying of the Norsemen in Cumberland was an ahsurd
notion. One authority states that yKtlielrcd likewise sent a
fleet to attack the dominions of the duke of Normandy.
Acts such as these quite serve to explain the still more
foolish and criminal act of two years later, the celebrated
massacre of Saint Brico. The order given was that on Saint
Bricc's day all the Danish men in England were to be slain.*
It is of course impossible to suppose that ^thelred con-
t(>m|)lated a massacre of all the people of Danish blood
settled in England, many of whom were, as Odo the Arch-
bishop had been, champions, not of Christianity only, but of
the high ecclesiastical party. Others such as Ulfketil, the
earl of East Anglia, were among the most capable defenders
of England against the invaders. But there can be no
doubt that this slaughter of Saint Brice was, as it is always
called, a massacre, and perpetrated upon men who were
settled peaceably in this country and had no reason to
expect attack. They may have been comparatively recent
comers, but they had been allowed to settle themselves and
become subjects of the English king.
The epoch of these two attacks—the attack upon the
Danes in Cumberland, and the massacre of Saint Brice
—
was a very important one in the history of the Scandinavian
nations. The year 1000 was the year of the great coalition
made between the three Northern leaders, Svend, king of
Denmark, Olaf, king of Sweden, and Erik, the son of Hakon,
former earl of Nor way. The coalition was directed against Olaf
Tryggvason. Sigvald, the leader of the Jomsburg Yikings,
a very celebrated little republic of fighting men situated at
the mouth of the Oder, was drawn into the alliance and was
induced to betray Olaf Tryggvason into the hands of his
enemies. The three allied potentates lay in wait for Olaf as
the former was returning from a friendly voyage to the
Slav king who ruled in the country of the Oder, and as he
and Sigvald were sailing in company past the island of
Eiigen. The battle which ensued—the battle of Svold—is
* Het ofslean calliv ya Doiii»can uku jc ou Augclcynno wa-ron.
—
A. S.
Chron. s. a. 1002, B. C. D.
INTRODUCTION. Ixxvii
one of the most celebrated in Scandinavian history. In it
Olaf Tryggvason fell, and his death was followed by the
partition of Norway, the southern part of which went to
Svend, the western part to Earl Erik, while a strip was
taken from the east and incorporated in the kingdom of
Sweden. It was natural that the king of Denmark should
have been a good deal occupied with these events and with
the settlement of his rule in Norway. But when the news of
the massacre of Saint Brice came from England it found the
king of Denmark more powerful than he had ever been, and
fully prepared to undertake in a more thorough fashion than
he had yet done the invasion of England. According to the
Northern Sagas he had always intended not merely to ravage
the country, but to make himself master of it, and to drive
iEthelred from the throne. He is said to have taken an
oath to do this at his succession over the Bragi cup ; but
now for the first time he saw himself in a position to put
his purpose in execution, while the Massacre of Saint Brice
had given him a sufficient pretext for so doing.
In the year of the massacre, it should be noticed,
iEthelred had married Emma (iElfgifu, the English called
her, after ^thelred's first wife), the sister of Eichard the
Fearless, duke of Normandy ; by this act a new influence
was imported into English politics. We shall have here-
after to notice the gradual spread in England of the Normaninfluence, which was, as we shall see, the counterpoise to the
spread in this country of Danish influence, or of Scandinavian
influence generally. It is curious that in the first year of
definite Scandinavian invasion we find these two influences
brought into connection in the betrayal of Exeter to Svend's
army by a certain Count Hugo, a Norseman, who had been,
through the influence of Emma, made the governor of that city.
It was in a.d. 1003 that Svend returned to England to
avenge the slaughter of his countrymen. He began with the
siege of Exeter, which was betrayed to him by the above-
mentioned Count Hugo. In a.d. 1004 Svend turned his fleet
against the eastern counties, burning Norwich and Thet-
ford. This was the country under the rule of an earl or
ealdorman of Danish descent, Ulfketil or Ulfkcl Snilling,
Ixxviii INTRODUCTION.
as lie is called in the Northern Sagas,* who was son-in-
law of iEthelrcd. Ulfkctil was one of the most capable
and devoted defenders of the English against the Danes
;
and this year he succeeded in heating back the enemy from
East Anglia. In a.d. lOOG a very severe attack was made.
The fleet came first to Sandwich. They then settled them-
selves in Wight and harried everywhere in Hampshire and
Berkshire. Eventually 36,000 pounds of silver had to be
paid to them. If Svend was willing to retire with these
bribes, his intention of conquering England for himself
could not have been very fixed.
iEthelred once more and for the last time made deter-
mined efforts to collect forces to repel the invaders. Alaw promulgated in a.d. 1008 levied a universal land-tax:
for the support of a fleet. The law is the forerunner of
certain taxes instituted by Cnut and Harthacnut for the
support of a standing fleet and army which constitute the
real danegeld known to English law, a tax which takes an
important place in the compilation of ' Domesday.' At the
time of the levy of Charles I.'s ship-money these laws were
quoted as a precedent. We must take these laws into
account as among the concurrent causes of the large coinage
of ^thelred's and Cnut's reigns, along with the heavy pay-
ments made to the invaders—the danegelds of our history
books. We have already said more than once that taxes
and tributes more than internal commerce are the origin
of large issues of coins at the period about which we write.
All the efi'orts of the English king were rendered abortive
by the mutual jealousies and the acts of treachery of the
thanes and ealdormen who surrounded him. Fresh Danish
attacks followed in the years 1009 and 1010 ; and in the
latter year iEthelred paid a fine of 18,000 pounds of silver,
the heaviest ransom that had yet been exacted.
The year 1012 saw the martyrdom by the Danes of
* 6lafs Saga kins Hdga, cc. 13 & 23 (linger, neim^liriugla). In the
earlier passage Ohif the Saint is said to liave taken the English side in a
battle fought by the Danes and English on Ilringinara-hoath (Hring-
niiirnheiiSi) in I'lfkel SniUing's hmd. In chapter 23 we are told that Ulfkel
was killed by Erik, carl of Norway. See p. Ixxx.
INTRODUCTION. Ixxix
ArcliLisliop ^Iflicah (Elpliegns), wliich was the typical
martyrdom of this second invasion as that of Eadmund was
of the first. The two ' passions ' were much the same in
origin and circumstance; each victim sacrificed himself to
save his people or his flock from further sufferings at the
hands of the conquerors.
Finally, in a.d. 1013, Svend sailed for England with the
largest fleet which had yet been seen upon our coasts—and
now the definite and decisive conquest of England was
undertaken. The Danish king received the submission of
all England north of "Watling Street, and a little later on
of all England except London. From London king iEthclrcd
sent his wife, Emma, and her two children, Alfred and
Eadweard, to Normandy to place them under the protection
of Emma's brother, Duke Eichard the Fearless. In
January of the year following (1014) .^thelred himself
followed, abandoning his crown to the Dane.
But Svend himself died the next month. It was said that
he desecrated the shrine of St. Eadmund, the martyr of the
first Viking invasion, in whose honour so many coins were
struck ; and that the dead saint from his tomb struck kins:
Svend with a mortal illness to which he almost imme-diately succumbed.
Then ^Ethelred was recalled by the English party, by the
Witan and by the Londoners. He was brought back fromNormandy by a Norse fleet belonging to Olaf Haraldsson,
or Olaf the Saint, who had already borne arms against
Svend ; and this fact is interesting, for it is the beginning
^f the long enmity between Olaf and Cnut. On the other
side, Svend's son Cnut the Great (Canute) was proclaimed
king by the Danish fleet and army. But as a new kingthere were necessarily difiiculties in his way. There wasa pretender in Norway as well as in England. For a timetherefore iEthclrcd seemed to carry all before him. Hewas supported by a stronger personality than his own—that
of his heroic son, Eadmund Ironside. Cnut returned to
England in a.d. 1015. He came in an immense fleet, part
of which was furnished by his brother-in-law, Olaf, king of
Sweden, known in history as Olaf Skotkonuug. Tliis Olaf
Ixxx INTRODUCTION.
had boon one of tlic three powers allir'd against Olaf
Tryggvason at tlic battle of Rvold ; another of the allies,
Erik, the Norwegian earl— celebrated already as a victor
in two of the most famous engagements of the Scandinavian
world—joined Cnut with his contingent. 'He,' says the
Olafs Saga hins ITdga, * was present at the taking of the
castle of London, where he slew Ulfkel Snilling '—Ulfketil
the East Anglian earl, iEthelred's most doughty champion.
Eadmund London was not in fact taken during the lifetime ofIronside.
iEthelred, but he himself scarcely ventured outside of its forti-
fications, and there he died in a.d. 1016. His son, Eadmund,well called Ironside, was universally chosen as .^thelred's
successor by the English party. He did all that it was
possible for a man to do to vindicate his rights. Hefought against the Dane with doubtful results at Pen Sel-
wood by Gillingham, at Shoiston, and he relieved London
which the Danish fleet was investing. But at last he
suffered a severe defeat at Assandune (Essiugton), a defeat
brought about by the desertion of one of his thanes, Eadric
Striona, who had acted in a similarly treacherous manner on
several occasions.
Cnut, says the Chronicle, there won him aU the English
people (_pser ahte Cnut sige & gefeht him ealle Engla )?eoda).
Still the Danish king thought it wiser to come to a com-
promise with Eadmund, and at the treaty of Olney, England
was divided in much the same way that it had been divided
by iElfred after the peace of Wedmore in a.d. 878. Cnut
took the whole of the country north of Watling Street and
the Lea. Later on in the same year Eadmund was mur-
dered — according to the Norse writers by the afore-
mentioned Eadric Striona [' Henry ' Strionaj.* And Cnut
the king took all the English empire.f Eadmund Ironside
struck no coins and can hardly be reckoned to have really
reigned in England.
Coinage of In reviewing the coinage of ^Ethelred II., it must be.ffithelred II. owned that in appearance it does not by any means tally
' Heinrekr Strjona,' Olafs S. hins Helga, c. 24.
t A. S. Chron. (A) s. n. 1017, Her on pissimi gcarc feng Cnut cjuing to
callon Angeleynncs rycc.
INTRODUCTION. Ixxxi
with the picture of terror and suffering which the chroniclers
draw for us during this reign. It has already been said
that a large currency is not at this historical period anevidence of commercial prosperity to the degree that it is
with us at the present moment. For coins were used muchmore for the payment of dues, taxes, or tributes than for the
ordinary purpose of currency. It is evident that a large—nay
the larger—number of coins coined by ^thelred II, were
used for the payment of ransom to the invaders. For at
this day larger hoards of his coins have been found in the
Scandinavian countries than in our own ; and, as we have
said above, the National Museum at Stockholm is richer in
this series than our own National Collection.* But at the
same time it is hardly possible that such an immensenumber of coins could have been made unless there was a
good deal of wealth in the country ; and a good manythings lead us to believe that in spite of the disorders in
which England was plunged during all this reign, the
wealth of the country was increasing. Professor Thorold
Rogers has noted that the same thing took place during
the Wars of the Roses.f It is not only that ^thelred's
coins far exceed in number those of any previous reign
;
that might be an accident of discovery ; but that there were
in this reign more minting places than there ever were
before, and a much greater number of people employed in
striking coins.
At any rate there can hardly be a doubt that the wealth
of England had grown enormously during the century which
followed the death of il^]lfrcd, and still more rapidly during
the years subsequent to the accession of Eadgar. Thewealth of England made a great impression upon the
Scandinavian states of the north.| And the effect of the
English wealth and the English currencies was more felt
during zEthelrcd's reign than any other.
It is for this reason that in the history of the Numismatics
* Compare the catalogue by B. E. Hihkbrand, A)iglo-Sach8i8ha Mynt i
Svenslm k. Mijntlitth.
t History of I'rief)', Introduction to Vol. iv.
X 6l(i}'« S. kins lleh/a, c. 139 (HcimsJixipijla}-
9
Ixxxii INTRODUCTION.
of Nortlieni Europe, yl^^thelrcd's reign is the most im-
portant of all during the period over which our inquiry
extends. Owing to the fact of his heavy payments to the
Norse and Danish invaders, iEtlielred's coinage became
known over the whole Scandinavian world, and evidently
constituted a regular currency among the Norsemen in
Ireland; to a somewhat less extent among the Norsemen of
the Scottish islands and of Man ; to a greater extent again
in Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. And as in the early years
of the eleventh century, the kings of these three last
countries began to bethink them of issuing coinages of their
own, they one and all modelled them upon the types of
^Ethelred's coins. Or, to speak with greater accuracy,
in almost every instance they modelled their first issues
upon one of two types of iEthelred. These types are our
nos. iii. and iv. The earliest Scandinavian coins struck in
Denmark, Sweden, and Norway respectively were issued by
Svend, by Olaf Skdtkonung, and by Earl Hakon Eriksson.*
It is curious that in this way we find the coinage of
^thelred II. symbolizing, after a certain fashion, the wide
empire which was enjoyed by his successor on the English
throne, Cnut the Great. And this fact, the fact of the
contrast presented by the wide spread of iEthelred's coins
among the Northern people, with the strict limitation
of his power of which these very peoj^le were the instru-
ments, should be a warning to us as to what conclusions we
draw from the study of coins.
The only new types of importance introduced in this
reign are those with the Agnus Dei and the Dove.
Cnut. The accession of Cnut forms a supreme moment in our
history. We have more than once spoken of the Greater
Scandinavia in Europe, that vast chain of Scandinavian
states which stretched across the north from Eussia to
Iceland. England, which was now half Scandinavian in
blood, stood almost within that huge arc. And if, out of
this congeries of separate states, anything of the nature of a
Scandinavian empire were to be created, it was before all
things desirable that England should be drawn into it.
* Cf. Num. Ckron. 3rd Series. Vol. vii. p. '233.
INTRODUCTION. Ixxxiii
The creation of such an empire Cnut effected. But as
soon as he had completed the conquest of EngLand he became
an English king much more than a Danish. England became
in reality the central state and the seat of government of
Cnut's empire, which included this country, Denmark and
Norway. The kings in Scotland, not the lowland king of
Scots only, but two highland kings, likewise acknowledged
his supremacy. That he had any power in Ireland seems
doubtful. Coins with the name of Cnut were indeed struck
in Dublin ; but so also were coins with the name of ^thelred.
The latter certainly could not have been struck by ^thelred
himself: they were only imitative coins, the predecessors
of a regular Dano-Irish coinage. In the same way we have
no reason to assume that Cnut's coins with Dublin mint-
marks prove that he had any actual rule in Ireland. Still
his power was so great that but for one fatal flaw in the
Scandinavian system of government, there seems no reason
why his empire should not have been extended over the
whole Scandinavian world, with the exception possibly of the
Swedish states, i.e. Sweden proper and Scandinavian Eussia,
or Greater Sweden as it was called. For Cnut, as ruler of
Norway, possessed Iceland and the lesser colony of the
Faroes which were dependencies of Norway.
Cnut began his reign in this country harshly by putting
to death several of the chief men in England who hadpreviously opposed him or whose power he feared. Amongthose who were executed was Eadric Striona who, as the
Chronicle says, suffered deservedly enough.* Cnut likewise
levied an enormous tax of 72,000 pounds of silver for
England at large, and 15,000 pounds for London alone; an
incidental proof of the high position in the country which
the chief city of England had attained, of whicli there are
many other proofs in the history of this time, and to
which again the large London coinages of ^thtdred and
Cnut bear witness.
Taxes of this kind were no doubt licavily felt by the
* A. S. Chron. s. a. 1017. The chronicler however only attributes basetroaclicry to Ejidric. iml Die nuirdcr of Eailiniinil.
./ 2
Ixxxiv INTRODUCTION.
English; but they were necessary to the imperial aspirationw
which Cuut cherished. He introduced the traditions of
the Vikings and of the Scandinavian nations into English
politics by constituting for the first time a standing army
and a standing fleet. Neither was very large. The Stand-
ing J'leet consisted actually of forty vessels ; the standing
army was the crew which manned it.* At other times they
formed a body-guard round the king. These men who were
the far-off descendants of the Comitatus of the Prince in the
days of Tacitus's Germani t—went by the name of huscarls.
The designation was well understood in the north. Nodoubt most of the members of this small standing army
were Scandinavians, and they would serve the secondary
purpose of guarding the king against plots or violence on
the English side. We read of one of the most famous
Earls of Orkney, that he had been commander of Cnut'a
huscarls.
In A.D. 1017-18 there was a meeting of the Witenagemofc
held at Oxford, which may be taken to mark the cessation
of the severities consequent upon the conquest. At this
assembly it was decreed that the laws of Eadgar should
be observed : we may understand by this expression the
laws which were in force during Eadgar's reign. Both
Danes and English united in this decree, which foreshadowed
the principles upon which Cnut intended to govern his newly-
acquired kingdom. The reign of Cnut was as regards
* Saxo, p. 524 (Miiller) says that Cnut's standing army was 6000 strong
(GO ships, 100 armed men on each). If tlie fleet was of 40 vessels, 4000
would be the number of troops.
t Mr. AVilliam Hunt says (Die. Nat. Biog. s.v. Canute) 'the hu.<irarh have
been frequently compared with the comitatus. Their strictly stipendiary
character, however, seems to make the comparison invalid.' But it must be
remembered that in days before a regular currency existed, the comitatus
could hardly have a strictly stipendiary character ; and so far as concerns the
Scandinavian and English people we may believe that the companions of
the king did in very early days receive payment in the precious metals,
i.e. in the armlets or necklets which constituted a sort of currency. Tlie
words hringhrjdtr, ImUjgifa, kc which are less epithets than synonyms for
prince, mean, it would seem, essentially the giver of rings (money) to the
household soldiers (coinites, thegns, or what not) ; in other words, the enter-
tainer of a large standing force
—
ctti plnrimi comites, as Tacitus says, G. c. 13.
INTRODUCTION. IXXXV
Britain almost a repetition of the reign of Eadgar. His
conduct showed that he did not hold the throne as a con-
queror, but as the lawfully elected king of the whole people.
It is a marked contrast to the policy adopted by William of
Normandy half a century later. The majority of Cnut's
troops were sent back to Denmark ; and he only reserved
forty ships, the crews of which constituted, as has been said,
his famous army of huscarls.
The terms of this agreement of Oxford were to a certain
extent embodied in a series of statutes identical with or
similar to those which bear the name of Cnut in the collec-
tion of Anglo-Saxon laws. We may assume that the coins
with the legend 'Pax' (PACX) have some reference to the
agreement at Oxford, or to the promulgation of Cnut's
laws, and to the theory that the peace of Eadgar had been
re-established.
We remember that the peace of Ead gar's time was byhis descendants first broken through ecclesiastical disputes.
In Church matters Cnut was a complete contrast to his
father. It is quite possible that the story of St. Eadmund'smiraculous vengeance is a contemporary legend. At anyrate we find Cnut richly endowing the shrine which his
father had desecrated. And on every side the Danish king
was a liberal endower of churches and monasteries, not in
this country and in his native Denmark only, but even on
the Continent. No course could have been wiser from a mere
worldly point of view ; though we have no reason to suppose
that Cnut was actuated chiefly by worldly motives. Thefounders of the second German Imperial house—or say the
first truly German Imperial house—the Brunos and Liudolfs,
dukes of Saxony, from whom were sprung Henry the Fowler
and the emperors of his line, had been famous for their
liberality to the Church. If Cnut desired that his power
and wealth should be recognized by the continental princes,
and that he should take his due place among the European
powers, he could find no better way of bringing himself to
their notice than by allying himself as he did by marriage
with the German Imperial family, by endowing abbeys in
France, and by making a pilgrimage to Rome.
IxXXVi INTUODTICTION.
With regard to bis own government Cnut adopted a system
not unlike that adopted hy the emperors in Germany. Hedivided all his domains into great earldoms. Wessex waa
one earldom ; it was governed by the celebrated Godwine.
Mercia was another ; its first earl was Eadric Striona, who,
we saw, soon met the reward of all his treachery, being put
to death at Christmas, a.d. 1017. East Anglia—under
Thurkill, a Norseman who had at one time been a comrade
of Olaf (the Saint) of Norway—formed a third ; Northumbria
—under Erik Hakonsson of the House of Hlade, the king's
brother-in-law—formed a fourth ; Norway, when Olaf had
been driven from the throne, was entrusted at first to Hakon
the son of Erik, whose house had given so many rulers to the
country ; but afterwards it was made into a kingdom, and
Cnut's son Svend was made king of it. Denmark, when
Cnut succeeded to that country, was ruled by Earl Ulf, the
brother-in-law of Cnut, and likewise, through his sister
Gyda, the brother-in-law of our Earl Godwine. Later on
Ulf entered into a sort of conspiracy to make Harthacnut,
Cnut's son, king of Denmark; and though Cnut seems to
have consented to leave his son in possession of regal powers,
his share in this conspiracy cost Earl Ulf his life.
Never therefore, during her history, were the prospects of
England brighter than they were during this reign. Though
England had been conquered by the Dane she was really
the centre of his Danish empire ; and if that empire could
have been extended to include all the Scandinavian countries,
she would still have remained so. The superior wealth of
the country, the greater antiquity of its habitation, and the
density of its population, its position in the centre of the
great arc—say rather great cvsjJ—of which we have often
spoken, its proximity to the Continent, all tended to secure
it a foremost position. But what more than anything else
ruined these hopes, as they almost always ruined the hopes
of extended Scandinavian rule, were the customs of inheri-
tance which obtained among the northern nations. That
which proved fatal to Danish power in this country,
was the same cause which weakened the edifice of power
which Harald Harfagr erected in Norway, the custom
INTRODUCTION. IxXXVii
of inheritance which divided the estate equally among the
sons of the deceased. Thus one of Cnut's children succeeded
in England, another in Denmark, and a third in Norway.
The result was not in strict accordance with the inten- Harold I.
tions of Cnut. Harthacnut was the son of his wife of
highest rank, in fact, his only legitimate son. Besides
this, it had been agreed between Emma and Cnut on their
marriage, that if she had any son he was to follow his father
in England ; and Harthacnut was the son of Cnut and Emma.Cnut had two sons by his first wife or mistress -^Ifgifu,*
Svend (Sveinn) and Harold ; Svend he always designed to
succeed to the kingdom of Norway, and Harthacnut during
his lifetime became, as we saw, king of Denmark;probably
he was intended to reign both as king of Denmark and
king of England, so as to keep intact the greater portion
of Cnut's empire. It does not seem that any place was
assigned to Harold.
From what we know of the two brothers, Harold appears
to have had the stronger character; they were equally
unscrupulous. Harold found a party of Danes ready to
support his claim to the throne on the death of his father,
and, as Harthacnut was absent from the country, all the
advantage was on his side. He was however opposed by
Earl Godwine and the more English part of the population.
If Harthacnut had at once come from Denmark to assert his
claim, a civil war might have arisen ; but as he still stayed
away his party became reconciled to Harold.
Harold's principal and most disgraceful act was the
measure he took to get rid of one of his rivals, one of the
children of Emma and iEthelred II. ^Elfred, the iEtheling,
was enticed over to England and murdered, many people
said by the connivance of Godwine. In the scries of
events which followed Cnut's death, we sec the fatal process of
decay which seems among the Scandinavians always to follow
a prosperous reign and a period of extended empire. How-ever great they were in other things, these people seem to
* Called Alfifa in the loclaudic Sagaa, cf. Olafg saga hins Uelga, c. 252
(Hcimskringla).
IxXXviii INTRODUCTION.
have lacked some political instinct, tlie want of whict pro-
ventodtlicmfrora takinf:^ tlieir proper place in history. Harold
and liis brother were inferior to tlicir father in character, and
Harold was mnch lesi? popniar in England than Cnut, so that
the eyes of the English turned towards Eadweard (Edward
the Confessor) the son of iT^thclred, It was just the same in
Norway, where the third brother Svend was imable to retain
his hold on the kingdom. Soon after Cnut's death the chief
Norse lendermen and the people generally reverted to their
loyalty to the old line, and sent to Eussia to recall the son
of Olaf, Magnus the Good. Svend made but feeble resistance.
In the course of a few years we find the tables turned
between Norway and Denmark. While Harold was reigning
in England, Harthacnut's power had very much decreased
in his own kingdom, and Magnus succeeded in recovering a
great part of the territory which had been taken from
Norway and attached to Denmark. He might have carried
his conquests farther, but an agreement was come to between
Magnus and Harthacnut, whereby it was decided that the
survivor of the two kings should be the inheritor of both.
Harthacnut's two years' reign (a.d. 1040-1042) as king of
England presents but few events which bear directly on his
coinage. The most important was the levy of an extortionate
danegeld to provide pay for the crews who manned the ships
which accompanied the king from Denmark. The levying
of this tax led to serious riots throughout the country, but
more especially at Worcester, where a general massacre of
the huscarls took place. The city paid heavily for this act
of rebellion. The king came in person with his army of
Danes, put the inhabitants to the sword, burnt their city,
and ravaged the neighbouring country.
By such acts the Danish princes became more and more
hateful to this country; and England, as Norway a few
years previously, was anxious to revert to her old line
of kin^s. After Harthacnut's death a new claimant to the
throne of Denmark, of much greater abilities than the last
king, appeared in the person of Svend Estrid's son, a son of
Earl Ulf and a nephew of Cnut by his sister Estrid, or
AstriS.
INTRODUCTION. Ixxxix
The coinage of the period of Danish rnle from Cnut to Coinage of
Harthacnut shows in its general appearance a continuity ^^j^^^"^
with that of the previous reign. In especial the likeness of
the two series in the formation of the inscriptions and in
the reverse types is to be noticed. For in these respects
the coinage of iEthelred is distinguished somewhat—not
perhaps from that of his brother Eadweard—but certainly
from the coinage of Eadgar his father. The double cross
on the reverse first becomes common under ^thelred II.
(Cf, PI. XV. 1, 3-5, 7, 10, 11 ; PI. xvi. 2, 7, 11, 12). This type
has a certain fiscal significance ; for the double cross was
made to facilitate the cutting up of the coin into halfpence
and farthings. This type of reverse becomes still more
usual under Cnut and his immediate successors (cf. PL xvii.-
xxi. passim). It was not afterwards abandoned ; and, as
we should see if we continued our inquiries into the later
English coinage, it long survived the Norman Conquest.
The whole appearance of the coinage of ^Ethelred II.,
as compared with that of the previous reign signifies an
increase in fiscality, that is to say, in the use of a circulating
medium, consistent with what was said above of the possibly
increased wealth and trade of the country, even during the
severest days of Danish invasion. Unquestionably the
whole history of our Anglo-Saxon coinage points to the
fact that if our Northern conquerors were great despoilers,
they were likewise great founders of trade and commerce.
In all these features the coinage of the kings of the Danish
line is but a continuation of that of /Ethelred II.
But in minuter points there are some changes. Especially
we must note the introduction by Cnut of two varieties of
obverse type : (1) the head wearing a pointed helmet, and
(2) the head wearing a crown. The representation of the
pointed helmet is interesting. It is the same helmet which
we frequently see upon the Bayeux Tapestry. But historically
this type has no special significance. With the crowned
head it is difi'erent. It may have been a purely original
device. But it may with equal likelihood have been copied
from a similar type to be found on the coinage of the
XC INTRODUCTION.
Emperors in Gormany about the Rame period.* It is to bo
noted that on the Continent a wider and wider divergence
in typo and general character between the coinage of France
and Germany was at this time declaring itself. Though
both series were descended from the earlier Carlovingian
denarii, the types of different varieties of this coinage
were becoming appropriated to the two divisions of northern
Europe, the German-speaking and French-speaking terri-
tories. We have seen (long before) one type of Carling
coinage—the monogram type—suggesting a type to
Ecgbeorht. Another Carling type, the temple, suggested
a rare type of ^thelwulf, and perhaps was afterwards
copied by some king in East Anglia. But before the period
at which we have now arrived the direct influence of the
Carling coinage is quite lost sight of in the English
currency. Not so, however, its indirect influence through
that of Germany. If we accept the theory that the crowned
bust of Cnut was copied from the crowned bust on some
coins of the German emperors, this would be the strongest
example of the influence of the German coinage on that of
England.
This is in such complete accord with the political history
of England at this moment that there does not seem to be
any valid reason for doubting that Cnut, who framed his
Scandinavian empire so much upon the pattern of the empire
of the German emperors, who had his earls of Norway, of
Denmark, of Northumbria, of Mercia, of East Anglia, and
of Wesses, as the German emperors had their dukes of
Saxony, of Lotharingia, of Franconia, of Swabia, and so
forth, deliberately adopted the crowned bust upon his coins
in imitation of the crowned bust of the German emperors.
Under Cnut the number of mints does not diminish ; and
most of those cities and burgs which exercised the right
of mintage under ^Ethelred continue to do so in this reign.
Of the new mints which appear we shall speak under a
* Cf. Danncnhcrg, Deutsche Miinzen der sdclis. u. frank. Kaiserzeit, PI. 15,
3il. [Otto III., 983-1002].
INTRODUCTION. XCl
special heading.* We have referred above to the coins of
Cnut which bear the mint name of Dublin.
The exact chronological arrangement of the types of
Cniit is rendered not difficult by paying a due regard (1) to
the types of the preceding and succeeding reigns, and (2) to
what may be called transition types, those which combine a
new obverse with an old reverse, or vice versa. Types i.-iii.
correspond closely with those which occur on the coins of
iEthelred. It may therefore be concluded that these com-
prise the first issues of Cnut. They could not however have
been struck before the death of Eadmund Ironside and Cnut's
accession to the western portion of the kingdom. For the
mints at which coins of these types were struck are Bath,
London, Norwich, Oxford, Shrewsbury, and York. Coins of
these types must have been issued in very small numbers, as
they are all rare. The National Collection only possesses
one specimen of type i. ; and that so indistinct as to makethe mint place illegible. Of types ii.-vii. it possesses no
specimens. Types viii.-x. were evidently coined in large
numbers, as numerous specimens of all are known. Of these
types nos. v.-x. are all closely allied, and contain the two
forms of the royal bust spoken of above, the king wearing a
pointed helmet or a crown. While the idea of the crowned
bust was, as has been said, probably suggested by the
coinage of the emperors, the crown itself is no doubt
the exact form of one worn by the king. We find himwearing a similar crown with three fleurs-de-lis in a
contemporary MS. in the British Museum. This manu-script records the dedication of the abbey of Hyde, near
Winchester, and there Cnut is represented presenting a
golden cross to the abbey.f Types xi.-xvi. were probably
issued during the second half of the reign, and they are
nearly as common as those which immediately precede
them ; whilst types xvi.-xx., which occur also on coins of
Harold I. and Harthacnut, are found in very small numbers,
and may reasonably be assigned to quite the end of the
reign. We have referred above to the inscription PACX
Sec below p. fviii. S'/'/. t I^- M. Stowi-, 'JGO.
XCll INTRODUCTION.
which occurs on the coins of Cnut. Type xvi., on which
the king is shown hokling the Danebrog or Danish national
standard, is perhaps the most interesting of all the types
of Cnut. A similar representation is that which occurs
on Northumbrian coins of Sihtric and Anlaf [Olaf]. (See
Vol. I., PI. xxviii. 3 and 5, and PI. xxix. 1.)
The types of Harold I. follow in the like order. Nos.
i.-iv. are but repetitions of the later types of Cnut ; and
nos. V. and vi. we find again occurring during the reign of
Harthacnut. It is a curious fact that of all the types of this
last king published by Hildebrand, only nos. i, and ii. are
represented in the National Collection, and the dearth
of his coins of other types is general. They have never
been found in this country. That they are English weneed not question, as they bear on them the mint names of
London, Norwich, and York. The general scarceness of the
coins of Harthacnut is of course primarily due to the short-
ness of his reign ; but the fact that his coins are more
common in the Scandinavian countries than here, shows
that the English treasury was drained to support the armyand fleet which Harthacnut had to maintain in Denmarkagainst the ambitious designs of Magnus the Good.
Edward the When Harthacnut died, a portion of the English, or rather
Confessor. of the Danish population of England, desired to keep the
Dano-English empire still united by ofiering the crown to
Svend Estrid's son. But it may be doubted if Svend was at
that time strong enough to accept it. Magnus of Norwayhad laid claim to the succession in Denmark, guaranteed
by his treaty with Harthacnut, and for some time he
continued to assert his claims. Meanwhile the more English
party, headed by Earl Godwiue, decided to offer the crown
to Edward, iEthelred's son, then an exile at the court of
the Norman duke. Earl Godwine acts in these negotiations
the part of General Monk at the Restoration of Charles II.
After Edward's restoration the carl of Wessex retained a
position of much greater power than Monk was ever able
to attain. The history of England from this time forward
is almost more the history of the house of Godwine than of
the house of Cerdie.
INTRODUCTION. XCUl
But at the same time a new element was beginning to
enter into Englisli history, namely the introduction of Normaninfluence; as Freeman says, the Norman Conquest really
began in the reign of Edward the Confessor. The reign
of Edward the Confessor is of great importance in the
history of England on this account alone. But it is a
curious fact that no trace of the Norman influence is to
be detected in the coinage of this reign. The coinage of
Normandy, under the contemporaries of Edward—Robert
or William—is undistinguishable in its general character
from the other French coinages, royal or feudal. The
coinage of Edward the Confessor, on the other hand,
is continuous with that of the previous reign ; and where
it does show originality in types these changes are
certainly not due to the influence of any French coinage.
What is stranger still—though this matter lies outside
the subject of the present volume—the Norman coinage
in this country has no sharp line of demarcation from the
Anglo-Saxon coinage, and it owes nothing whatever to the
coinage of the dukes of Normandy. It is probable that
for a while William himself continued to strike two dis-
tinct classes of coins— for his English subjects and for
his Normans in Normandy. After that the coinage of
Normandy ceases for a century and more.
It is not necessary therefore to trace at great length the
growth of the Norman influence in England before the
Conquest. We know that during the earlier years of
Edwaid the Confessor's reign there took place a con-
tinuous influx of Normans into this country, and that the
new comers gradually absorbed more and more the offices
of State. Up to the year 1051 the history of this
country is the history of the decline of the power of
Godwine and of his house and the rise of the power of the
Normans with Eobert of Jumieges, who in a.d. 1050 became
Archbishop of Canterbury, at their head. In a.d. 1051 took
place the banishment of Godwine. This was followed, how-
ever, in the next year by a counter-revolution ; and English
influence was once more supreme. This state of things
continued not only till the death of Godwine in a.d, 1053,
xciv inthodhction.
but, under his licir HaroM, during all tlio rcmuindor of tlio
reign of Edward, which was indeed as much the reign of
Harold as the reign of Edward the Confessor.
Harold II. Harold II. 's reign, which sees the end of this reaction
towards the Scandinavian side of English politics, is
marked by the same tokens of weakness which sooner or
later manifest themselves in the government of other
Scandinavian countries. The different earls whom Cnutbad appointed to govern under him in England,—the
earls of Wessex, of East Anglia, Mercia, and Northumbria,•—had during the weaker reigns of Cnut's sons once more
split England into a series of smaller States, and the
triumph of the Dano-English party meant the revival of
the power of these earls. Wherefore as soon as Harold
bad overcome the rivalry of the xsormans he had still to
encounter the rivalry of the other earls in England, some
of whom were members of his own family.
Let us note how the same sort of thing had been going on
in other Scandinavian countries, how that Magnus, who had
once all but succeeded in extending his empire over Denmark,
had since found a rival in his uncle, St. Olafs half brother,
Harold Sigurdsson or Harald Hardrada (HarSra^r). "When
Harald returned from his long residence in the Greek empire,
he claimed half the kingdom of Norway. Magnus divided his
kingdom with Harald, and they reigned together on com-paratively good terms till Magnus' death in a.d. 1048, whenHarald Hardrada became sole king of Norway. TheEnglish Harold did not settle matters so amicably with
his kinsmen. The most serious of all the disputes and
rivalries which had arisen among Edward's earls wasthat between Tostig, our Harold's brother, and the earls of
Northumbria and Mercia, Morkere and Eadwine. Harold,
we know, eventually sided with these earls against his
brother, and Tostig was banished.*
There were two external forces threatening Enirland.
Magnus had once extended his claim as heir of Hartha-
cnut, not only to Denmark but to England. So far as
A. S. Chron. s. a. 1054-5. Wil. Malm. G.Ii.A. § 200. (E. H. S.)
INTRODUCTION. XCV
England was concerned he had gone no farther than to
make some naval preparations and to send an embassy
to Edward the Confessor to assert his rights.* Harald
Hardrada, who was more adventurous than Magnus, and
had probably a larger army of mercenary troops at his
command, entertained, from the moment of his accession,
the thought of asserting in a more active manner his
claims to the throne of England. This was one danger
by which the power of Harold Godwineson was threatened.
On the other side of this country lay the territory of William,
duke of Normandy, who, claiming to be the heir designate
of Edward the Confessor, and the favoured of the Pope,
was a more serious rival than Hardrada, and had stronger
claims than his. When Tostig was driven from this
country, he had thus a choice between these two powers,
both of which were threatening England. He turned first
to William of Normandy and obtained a fleet from him,
with which he harried the south coast of England, but
was eventually driven off. Then he turned, with far
more memorable results, to the other claimant, Harald
Hardrada. t
It is extraordinary to see how in this brief space the
position of England in northern Europe had been entirely
changed. Under Cnut, as has been pointed out, though she
was a conquered country, England was in reality the
greatest of all Scandinavian states, and stood in a position
to become the seat of empire over them all ; now that
she had been shaken, as it were, from her moorings, andthe other Scandinavian countries had drifted into separate
policies of their own, she lay a prey for two rival
claimants, the duke of Normandy in the south, the king
of Norway in the north. The results of the prosecution of
these two claims is well known. The fact that Englandwas ruled at this time by one of her most capable
sovereigns only brings the inherent weakness of her
* A. S. Citron, a. a. 1046 (D). Magnus S. Goia CHeimskr. ed Unger), cc.
37-39.
t Ilarulds S. Ilarirdda, c. 82.
XCVl INTRODUCTION.
position into greater relief. Before the dcatli of Edward
the Confessor and the coronation of Harold, DukeWilliam had bci^ain his preparation for an invasion of
England; for he knew that ho could not acquire the
crown by peaceable moans only. At the same moment
Tostig succeeded in persuading Ilarald Hardrada to under-
take the invasion of the same country from the north.
The Norse army arrived in Yorkshire, and sailed up the
Humber. ITarald Hardrada received liostages from all the
northern provinces. He had only just done this, when
there appeared upon the field an army which the English
Harold commanded. Then followed the battle of Stamford
Bridge, in which Tostig and Harald Hardrada were deci-
sively defeated, and both were slain. Meanwhile the Duke
of Normandy, having completed his preparations, set sail
for England ; and by the time that Harold had brought
his fatigued army back to the south, William had effected
a landing. Then followed the battle of Hastings, which
brings our period of history to a close.
Coinage of We have the same criteria for determining the sequence
CoXbw and of Edward the Confessor's coinages, viz. the survival of
Harold II. types from the previous reign, the occurrence of transition
types, and the survival of one type into the succeeding
reign, which were our guides through the coinages of the
Danish kings. We may assume that the types with a
beardless bust are the earliest of Edward's types. Not
probably because the king, who was in his fortieth year
when recalled to ascend the throne of his ancestors, and
about sixteen years older than the half-brother who
preceded him on it, was ever without a beard. Wehave in the anonymous Vita Mdivardi Regis, a contem-
porary description of Edward :' Hominis persona erat
decentissima, discretae proceritatis, capillis et barba canitie
insignis lactea, facie plena et cute rosea;
'* and on the
* JISS. Hail. 526. Publ. in Lives of Edirard the Confessor, ed. Luard
(Rolls Series), p. 396. Barba might of course stand for moustache, were
Edward ever represented, like Harold Godwinc's son, with a moustache
only.'
INTRODUCTION. XCVll
Bayeux Tapestry, the king is always represented -with a
full beard, and is indeed the only figure who wears one.
Harold and Duke William alike wear their hair after
the Norman fashion; that is to say, they shave all but the
moustache. It seems on the whole reasonable to suppose
that the beardless bust of Edward the Confessor is a meresurvival of the type of the previous reign.
The majority of the reverse types with the beardless bust
occur also in previous reigns ; they are the small cross pattee,
the short cross voided beneath quadrilateral ornament, and
the PACK typo (types i.-iv.). The types with beardless
bust which are new are the cross with expanding limbs, and
the short cross with limbs terminating in three crescents
(types V. and vi.). This last type is the connecting link
between those with the beardless and with the bearded bust
(type vii., &c.). The most remarkable of the new types of this
reign are (1) types ix. and x., known as the sovereign types,
which show the king upon a throne; (2) the types with a
facing bust (xiii. and xiv.). The obverse of the sovereign
type, which represents the king seated facing, holding
sceptre and orb, is probably adopted from late Koman coins.
The martlets in the angles of the cross, on the reverse
of type ix., are commonly called the arms of the Con-
fessor. The facing bust appears now for the first time
on coins of the English kings ; but it is a type destined to
survive all the others. This type likewise may be derived
from Byzantine coins;possibly, however, it comes from the
German coinage. Type xvii. with the reverse type PAX
between two lines connects the coinage of Edward with
that of Harold II., who adopts this type only. Whetherthis was mere chance, because it was one of the latest,
if not the last typo of his predecessor, or whether it was
adopted designedly, we need scarcely discuss. Harold knewwhen he accepted the crown of England that he was beset
by enemies on all sides, and his greatest desire therefore
might well be for peace—a desire which, unfortunately for
him, was not realized. Or we may suppose that ho meant
by adherence to this type what Cnut meant when ho first
adopted it, that the ancient laws of the country, the laws of
h
XCVlll INTIJODI'CTION.
Eadgiir, wonltl 1)0 iiiaintainod in their integrity, an<l the
peace between EngliHlinicn and Norsemen reign as here-
tofore.
MoNEYEns. The names of the moneyers contained in tlie present
volume complete the list, of these officials up to the time of
the Conquest ; and the whole list furnishes us with a larger
contribution towards an Onomasticon Anglo-Saxonicum than
is given by any other series of documents, not even ex-
cepting the Charters. But there are some special difficulties
in the way of making use of these names on the Anglo-
Saxon coins which it is necessary to point out here.
In the first place, we are not dealing with the writing of
lettered men—men lettered, that is, up to the standard
of their age— as we are in the case of the charters. For it
must be remembered that the names of the witnesses to the
charters were always written by the clerk who drew up the
document. The duty of the witness was not to sign the
instrument, but to attest it by placing his finger on the
cross in front of his name;
just as we to-day deliver as
* our act and deed ' a transfer of land or of shares by
placing a finger on the wafer which is attached to the
document. The result is that we do not see any great dis-
crepancies in the spelling of the names on the charters
:
an ' ^Ifhere dux ' or an * ^Selwold episcopus,' whose nameappears on some half-a-dozen different charters of about
the same date, has that name spelt generally in the same
way on each. Exactly how the signatures upon the coins
were made it is impossible to say. We possess no in-
formation as to the manner in which the various mints
throughout the country were provided with dies for striking
coins. In later times, at all events from Henry 11. down-
wards, the supplying of dies appears to have rested with the
Exchequer, even in the case of those which were used at
the London mint. Should this system have been in force
before the Norman Conquest, we can then well account for
a great similarity of workmanship and minute resemblances
which sometimes characterize coins of the same type albeit
struck at diflerent mints. This stroncf similaritv micfht also
INTRODUCTION. XCIX
have boon brought about })y tlio sonding of workmen provided
with patterns to the various towns.
But even if the types were supplied in this manner, there
can be little doubt tliat the process ])y which the names of
the moneycrs were finally transferred to the dies was in the
hands of unlettered people, who were capable of almost any
kind of mistake in copying an inscription placed before them.
It does not affect the question whether these engravers
were placing their own names upon the pieces or not
;
because, even if they were doing so, we must suppose them
incapable of signing their own names, and ignorant of the
value of the letters which expressed them. If, as is most
probable, the great earls and thanes would have been unable
to sign their names below a charter, it is not likely that an
obscure coin-engraver in Norwich or Exeter would have been
able to sign his name upon a coin. It follows therefore that
the first class of errors in the proper names would arise from
the mistakes which the engravers made in copying the
inscriptions, through mere ignorance of the phonetic value
of the signs set before them.
A further and subsidiary group of errors would arise in
the mechanical process by which the inscriptions were
copied and preserved. We have not now to do with menwielding a pen and writing upon parchment ; but with
engravers making use of one or two tools to punch in
letters upon a coin-die. It would seem that they had
two implements, or two classes of implements, to work
with. One class we might liken to a blunt chisel on a
very small scale—or even a screw-driver ; the other class
was of the nature of a gouge. The one implement makesthe straight line in the letters, which is generally wenotice rather wedge-shaped, showing how the cut has
broadened out at the end of tlio stroke; the other implement
made the curves. In the formation of each letter the
engraver uses one or other of his tools several times. Thusin the commonest form of S for example he uses it four
times (a) ; in B he uses it thrice (13). Here, then, we have
another and a subsidiary cause of error. It is so easy for a
man who understands very little of the use of the signs bi'
h 2
C INTRODUCTION.
is engraving to leave out or to misplace one of the three or
four strokes which make up his letter ; or to use the wrong
implement, the straight one instead of the curved one or
vice versa ; or even to alter a letter by the mere alteration
of the angle at which he holds his tool. Thus B mayhecome P ; R may become F ; D may become P, wliich might
then be either P or W. The slightest stroke will change
L into c. The faintest shake of the hand may transfer C
into F. A and H constantly interchange ; so in fact do H and
M ; still more frequently do H and N. In this last instance
we have another source of error, the confusion between the
Runic H [ = N] and the Roman N : it would appear that this
confusion long survived the disuse of the body of the Runic
alphabet. The smallest stroke gives us D in place of C(Sec for examples of the changes of A into H and N, pp. 398
sqq. of the coins of Edward the Confessor.)
These errors of the engraver give us by far the largest
number of mis-spclliugs with which we have to deal.
Familiarity with the inscriptions gives the numismatist a
certain ^a«V for these mistakes. But he must always allow
a very large margin for errors of this kind.
It has been necessary to dwell at some length on this
point, on account of some of the criticisms which were
made upon the first volume by writers who are not them-
selves accustomed to the handling of coins; and of the
evidence which these criticisms afforded of how far the con-
siderations which we have detailed above were liable to be
overlooked by such writers. These critics supposed that
there was no difficulty in deciding what name the moneyer
had intended to write—as would have been the case had webeen dealing with a clerk writing upon parchment—and that
therefore the right reading of the name upon the coin was
far more a question of philology than of epigraphy. This
is by no means the case. The epigraphical considerations
must first be weighed ; the etymological come after. If, for
example, we find a number of coins in one reign, or in a
succession of reigns signed by a moneyer 'Earduulf,' and
only one or two signed ' Eaduulf,' it is more probable that
the engraver has in one or two instances left out the R than
INTRODUCTION. CI
that a new moneyer lias appcarctl who only signs one or
two coins. This opigraphic question is not affected hy the
consideration that Eardwulf and Eadwiilf are perfectly
distinct names. The same argument would apply to such
names as ' Eadmund ' and ' Eadhun ' ; seeing that H is
throughout these coinages constantly used for M, and that
the last letter of a moneyer's name is very frequently
omitted.
CYTELM would naturally stand for Cytel Monetarius
;
and the name Cytel is very common in this coinage. Butif we had a numhcr of pieces in one reign struck by
Lytelman and this form CYTELM only occurred once, it
would he more probable that the engraver of the coin had
made the slight, it might be almost infinitesimal, error of
changing L into c than that a new moneyer Cytel had
appeared in this reign. Any number more of such changes
might be instanced which, slight in themselves, would
convert one moneyer into another. And though both the
names might in themselves bo perfectly natural, we should
yet have to consider (after the manner of Hume) where the
fallibility of the human instrument was most likely to
manifest itself. All attempts to decide such questions upon
prima facie considerations of philology are therefore to be
deprecated.
The reader of this catalogue may here be warned against
a possible source of error which is inseparable from any
printed catalogue of coins. In the present volume about
a hundred difierent alphabetic forms are used, including as
many as twelve a's, not fewer G's, seven D's, seven or eight e's,
seven R's, seven S's—this is of course speaking only of the
single letters ; when we include the compound letters the
number of types used in the following pages is increased
very largely. But it is impossible to give all the inter-
mediate forms which actually occur. Take, for example, the
two letters n and F. We have among our types one inter-
mediate form t which is neither one nor the other. But as
a matter of fact there may be infinite variations in the way
the two horizontal strokes are attached to the perpendicular
stroke. It is extremely hard for the cataloguer to decide
Cll INTUODUCTION.
to which of two normal forms ho in to rch;^ute any pur-
ticiihir intormcdiato one. The same applies to the grada-
tionH hctwccn H aud N. We have one intermediate form H;
but the gradations of the middle stroke are really infinite.
M varies indefinitely between that form and n, and some-
times merges into H, at other times into N. p and D have
the same number of intermediate forms ; and B and D, B and
R, V and Y, are very difficult to distinguish.
To set against those difficulties w^e have the advantage
derived from the repetition of the same name a number of
times upon the coins. For each variety of coin in the
catalogue implies that a different die has been used for the
piece, and therefore that the engraver has had a fresh oppor-
tunity of correcting his error. And, as has been said
before, familiarity with the kind of mistakes that engra-
vers commit allows us to strike an average between manydiflferent kinds of spelling and to approximate to the original
form which the engraver has probably had before him.
As a matter of fact it is only with regard to quite the
minority of names that we are left in any serious doubt.
We may get a considerable variety in the spelling of a
quite recognizable name, such as Burnwald, Byrnwald,
Birnwald, Brynwald, &c. But on the whole the names
range themselves into easily recognized forms. During
the earlier portion of our history, both in this volume and
in the previous one, the moneyers' names are of normal
Anglo-Saxon character. That is to say, they are either
monosyllabic, such as Brid, Dun(n), Man(n) ; dissyllabic,
ending in A, such as Bosa, Buda, Diga, Ella, Hussa, Ifa,
Lulla, Oba, Tata, Tocga, Tuma, Wina, &c. ; or else ending
in one or other of the characteristic old English termina-
tions, such as -beald (bald), -bcrht (bryht), -brord, -el, -friS
(fer b), -gar, -geard, -hsed, -heah, -heard (hard), -helm, -here,
-hun, -ing, -lac, -laf, -mod, -mund, -no^, -red, -ric, -sige,
-stan, -wald (weald, wold), -weard, -wig, -wine, -wulf (ulf),with
a few rarer terminations, -hysc, -uc (Duduc, Lulluc). Pre-
cisely the same is the case with the names attached to the
charters of the same era. No doubt there arc some peculiar
names, but by comparison very few.
INTRODUCTION. CHI
Wo might expect to find here, as in the charters, a cer-
tain number of Latin and biblical names. But as a matter of
fact we hardly find any among the moneyers of the earlier
period. Presumably these names were borne chiefly by eccle-
siastics, and the moneyers were all laymen. When we come
to iiElfred's reign we have among the moneyers a Samson,
a Simon, and a Stefanus. There is nothing in these names
to suggest that the bearers of them were not Englishmen.
But as we have already seen it is different when we get
to some of the ' Viking ' coinages which are contemporary
with the coinage of Alfred. In these we find two varieties
of un-English names, some which appear to be Frankish,
and others which are certainly Scandinavian. The former
are at first the most frequent, but later on the latter become
the commonest. It is not easy, amid all the varieties of spell-
ing to which the moneyers' names are subject, to distinguish
with certainty between English and Scandinavian names.
But we see that certain very characteristic and quite
unmistakable prefixes and suffixes are to be found on the
coins of the later period : such prefixes as Arn-, Nor-, Od-,
Ulf- ; such terminals as -cy tel, -fara (Irfara), -fugel, -leda.
Ulf as a suffix cannot be distinguished from uulf, the proper
Anglo-Saxon form—for the two forms are constant through-
out the coinage (as on charters likewise). Dreng again is
undoubtedly Scandinavian ; so, we may believe, is Winer,
which is probably the 0. N. vinr, slightly Englished. Odaagain is Scandinavian. Some of the Scandinavian names
are particularly interesting, such as Sumerleda, Winter-
leda, Sumerfugel, Winterfugel. Those forms with ' winter'
(instead of ' vetr ') appear to be hybrids, or forms slightly
corrupted by English influence.
Fastolf is a good Scandinavian name, which has, further,
no small interest for us both historical and literary. It is
especially interesting to find Fastolfs at this date striking at
Thetford and at Lincoln,—quite in the country, that is, of
the well-known Caistor family, the family of the Sir JohnFastolf of the Paston letters, the prototype (however really
unlike him) of the far more famous Sir John Falstaff.
Concerning the exact status of the moneyers, something
civ INTRODUCTION.
was said in tlio Introduction to the first volume ; though not
much more can be said than that we are left without precise
information on the suhjcct. As was noticed in the first
volume, the extract from the laws of TEthclstan there given
seems to point the moneyer out as the actual fabricator of the
coin. At any rate he must have been at the smithy to super-
intend its fabrication. For if the coin was debased, he was
to be punished by having his hand cut off and stuck up' over the mint-smithy.' The story which Eadmcr relates of
how Duustan insisted on the punishment of three false
moneyers who were his villeins {qui in potestate viri erant*)
shows that as a class they were men who were more or less
in a servile condition. This would not, however, prevent
them from being men of some wealth ; and it is likely that
at the end of our period the right of coining was farmed
out to the moneyers. This at least is implied in one or
two passages in ' Domesday.' t It appears from all these
entries that the moneyers received dies, and it is implied in
most that they had to go somewhere (generally to London) to
get them. If, therefore, the monetarius usually paid a sum
down for the right of coining, he was without doubt a person
whose position enabled him to put money in circulation.
He would be in something of the position of the tradesmen
who issued copper tokens when a copper coinage was scarce
at the beginning of the present century ; or still more like
the earliest issuers of a token copper coinage in England,
such as John, Lord Harrington, in the reign of James I.
The inscriptions on the reverses of the coins throw no
light upon the position of the moneyer. These inscriptions
* Eadmer, Vila S. Dutistani, c. 27, p. 202, Ed. Stubbs (Rolls Ser.). The
pimishmtnt inflicted was tliat decreed in the law of ^thelstau, the loss of a
hand.
t E.g. concerning the town of Worcester: 'In civitate "Wirecestrc habebat
Rex Edwardus banc consuetudiueiu. Quando moneta vcrtebatur quisque
monetarius dabat sx sulidos ad Lundoniam pro cuneis moneta) acoipiendit?."
And of Hereford in like manner we read :" Septem monetarii erant in civi-
tate. linus ex liis crat monetarius episcopi. Quando moncbx rcuovatnr dalxit
qui.'iiiue eorum xviii solidos pro cuneis reeipiendis et ex eo die quo redibant
usque ad uiium mensem dabat quisque corum regi xx solidos ; ct similiter
habebat epit^eopud de suo monetario xx sulidos.' The entries for Dorchester,
BridiHjrt, and Wareham are similar to tliat for Worcester.
INTRODUCTION. CV
are, it is known, at first the name of the moncycr only,
such as DUDD, LULLA, &c. Then a portion of the word* Monetarins ' is added BlORNFREO MONETA, (<cc. Finally
the mint place appears, and we have at first ELI BAD, BOIGA
MONET DEORABi, EENARD M~ON EXE. These forms give
place to the universal one with the name of the moneyer
followed by ON (in), and then the name of the town.
It has been disputed whether the monetarius was or was
not sometimes an itinerary moneyer travelling in the
service of the king. There may have been a few moneyers
of this kind, but the evidence of the coins is opposed to the
belief that there were many.*
We must note that, though the earlier English coins
contain a certain number of difi'erent contractions such as
MON., MONET., &c., almost from the very beginning of the
coinage the form MON ETA becomes the usual one after the
name of the moneyer. Later on it becomes—till the ap-
pearance of the mint-names—almost the stereotyped form.
In some cases, notably for example in the case of the
type introduced by ^thelwulf (no. xvii.), and continued
by his successors and on the contemporary coinage of
Mercia,t it is obvious that this word 'Moneta' is no
necessary contraction, the exact number of the letters in
the inscription being carefully arranged beforehand. Thequestion therefore arises whether at this time ' moneta
'
could really have in the eyes of the coin-engravers stood for
* monetarius.' If it did so, why should they have voluntarily
* Mr. Ernest Willott gives some statist ios with regard to the moneyers
of Edward the Confessor, represented in a Large hoard found in the City
—
'In the aecouut of the City Hoard, Table V. (Num. Chron., vol. xvi.,
p. 37.')) occur 220 different moneyers' names, and an examination of the list
will show that 15.5, or nearly three-fourths, occur in one town onhj. Of tho
remaining (J5, 32 occur in only two towns, and II in but three, reducing the
number of widely distributed names down to 22, or just one-tcntli of the
whole. Of these one, Lcofwine, occurs in 19 towns, Godwine in IG, Elfwino
in 13, Godric in 12. The rest arc distributed as under : four occur in 7 towns,
four in G, three in 5, and eleven in 4.'
—
Nam. Chron., 3rd Scries, vol. i., p. 33.
These facts arc ccrtaiidy opposed to the notion of peripatetic moneyers.
t See pp. 21, 23 S(in. of the present volume, and Vol. I., pp. 75, 7G. Com-pare also zElfred, type i.
CVl INTRODUCTION.
assisted at this unnatural abbreviation? It is quite possible
that the form * moncta ' at first was a contraction, but that
afterwards it became a substantive word. In tlie latter use it
could only have signified ' money,' * coin.' And in that use of
the word a legend such as TORHTVLF moneta (p. 21) could
only sij:];nify Torlitulf's money. It is not necessary to suppose
that the engravers or the users of tlie coin were sticklers
for grammatical accuracy. It would be enough for either
to understand that * moneta ' meant money, and for them
to see the name of some moneyer before it to interpret
the legend in the sense we are supposing. And the sup-
position that they did so interpret the word ' moneta,'
receives confirmation by an observable tendency in the later
coinage to put the name of the moneyer in the genitive.
Under ^thelstan we get the form Paules, on which it would
not be wise to insist as it may very well have been intended
for Paulus. But such forms as Amyndes (Amundes),
Durandes, Gotae, Keg^eres, Sigares, Wihtes all under Ead-
mund ; Agtardes, Boigaes, Crimes, Inguces (Ingulfs ?),
Obelrices under Eadred; and Cnapees,* Dunnes, Fre^ices
under Eadwig, are in the possessive case. It seems impos-
sible to explain the occurrence of even of only these dozen
or so of possessive cases better than on the supposition that
when they were engraved, at all events ' moneta ' had come
to stand in popular repute for ' coin,' ' money ' only. But
if this were the case, it rather implies that the ' monetarius,'
or person who signs the coin, was the issuer thereof, in the
same sense, that is, that Lord Harrington was the issuer
of the copper token coinage in the reign of James I.
TvvEs. The coins described in the present volume present no
varieties of type to compare in interest with some of the
types described in the previous volume. We have no such
series as the sceattas or as the coins of Ofia, king of Mercia.
* Boigaes, Cnapees, are of course ungrammatical forms, comparable to the
uugrammatical perfect and past participles (shooted, catclied, etc.) -which
uueducated people use to-day. It is possible that the OBAN on p. 215
is really ODAN tor ODA (see no. 77, same page). This is a regular English
possessive case.
INTRODUCTION. CVU
The majority of the coins present on the obverse a bust, on
the reverse some religious symboh The varieties of these
reverse types are moreover not numerous. We have first in
frequency some variety of the cross, the cross pattee, the cross
crosslet, and the cross moline; then we have A and Cx) combined,
and the ^ ov P . Very often these symbols appear on both
sides of the coin. There are a certain proportion of coins
which bear inscriptions in place of types on one or both
sides. These are most frequent in the reign of iElfred. The
coins of Eadweard the Elder stand out conspicuously by
the variety of designs that they show, floral patterns, the
hand of Providence, and various forms of buildings—one
device seems to be that of a church, possibly the minster
church of St. Peter at York.
Until the reign of Edward the Confessor the bust when
it appears is always in profile. It is a traceable descendant
from the bust on Eoman coins, as for example on the
soUdi of Honorius or Arcadius, and at first following its
prototypes is always a filleted bust and is beardless. Under
iEthelstan we get in one type a crown or the suggestion of
one, and this appears once more in the coinage of Eadgar.
The coins of ^thelred II. show us for the first time the
king wearing a helmet. It is a round helmet, and sometimes
seems to have a spiked crown outside it. Under Cuut
appears the pointed helmet such as we see on the Bayeux
Tapestry, and for the first time a conspicuous crown similar
to the crown on the coins of the German emperors. But of
the types of the later kings we have already spoken at
sufficient length.
During this period the busts on the obverse begin to
show often unmistakable signs of attempted portraiture.
The busts of Ecgbeorht, iEthelwulf, iEthelbearht, and
iEthelred I., are purely conventional. iElfred's coins show
some attempt at portraiture which becomes much more
apparent in the coins of Eadweard the Elder, PL vii. 8 and
9, of iEthelstan, PI. ix. 13, and PI. x. 2, 3 and 10, of
Eadmund, PI. xi. 10, and of Eadgar, PI. xiii. 9. The
workmanship of many of these coins is highly artistic. The
beauty of the work is still more striking when we take into
Cviii INTRODUCTION.
consideration the extremely low relief of the engraving.
Witli tlic accession of Tl^^tlielred II. the art of the engraver
conspicuously declines, and wo lose all traces of portraiture
for a time, tlie hust being again quite conventional, but wo
find a revival of the latter at any rate on the coins of Edward
the Confessor, whose beard is as conspicuous and as much
of a personal distinction on the coins as it is in the Bayeux
Tapestry.
The whole of the coinage described in the present volume
is distinguished in its general character by its indepen-
dence of the coinage of the Continent. The dissimilarity is
greatest between the coinages of the two nearest countries,
England and France. We have seen one type of Ecgbeorht
copied from the monogram type of the Carling denarius;
another type, the ' temple ' type, imitated on a few rare
coins of ^thelred I.* We have seen that the crowned bust
of * Cnut ' may have been suggested by the crowned bust
of the German emperors. The crowned bust, facing, of
Edward the Confessor may have come from a like source.
But in almost every other case where we find an approach
between the coinage of England and that of any continental
people, it is an instance of copying from England, and not of
the reverse process.
The rapid growth of mint-places, and their importance as
showing the increasing domination of the kings of Wessex,
have already been noticed. Of the laws which regulated the
constitution and the working of the mints, we know little or
nothing. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle afi'ords us absolutely
no information on these points. f The laws of ^thelstan,
however, arc a little more explicit. In the first volume
reference was made to the enactments of the Synod held at
Greatleyt in Huntingdonshire, in a.d. 928, when it was
ordered that there should be one kind of money throughout
* PI. iv., nos. 5, 6.
t The Charter in which Eadgar gives one moneyer of Stamford to the
abbey of Medeshamsted (Peterborough) is of doubtful authenticity (sec
J. >S. Chron. s. a. 9G8, and Kenibk-, oTa).
J Scbmid, Gtsdze dir .1.6'. pp. 13S-9.
INTRODUCTION, CIX
the whole rcahn, and that no one shouhl coin save in a
town. Each burg was entitled to have one moneyer : but
certain places, on account of their importance, were to have
two or more moneyers. Thus, Canterbury was to have seven
—
four for the king, two for the bishop, and one for the abbot
;
Colchester three—two for the king, and one for the bishop;
London eight; Winchester six; Lewes two; Hamtunc[Southampton] two ; Warcham two ; Shaftesbury two
;
Hastings and Chichester, though specially mentioned, were to
have one moneyer each. Many of the burgs availed them-
selves of this privilege granted by iEthelstan : yet we have
no coins struck during that reign of even some of the places
specially mentioned in the edict of Greatley ; such as
Chichester, Colchester, Hastings, and Lewes. It does not
follow, of course, that these places did not strike coins at
that time : all that we can say is that none are at present
known. A find of Anglo-Saxon and Oriental coins in Skye
in 1891 * has brought to light tlie new mint of Ward-
borough, one of the burgs founded by iEthelfiaid. This
is of importance, as future finds will very probably in-
crease the number of mints during the reign of iEthelstan,
and thus show that the privilege of coinage was of wider
extent than at present it can be proved to be. During the
successive reigns of Eadmuud, Eadred, and Eadwig, the
number of mint places decreases, but with Eadgar they
again increase, till in the reign of ^Ethelred 11. there was no
place of any note which did not exercise the right of coinage.
There is no doubt that the frequent and heavy payments
caused by the Danish invasions was one great cause of the
growth of the mints. The fines and taxes had to be paid in
coin, and this could not have been done had the numljcr of
mints remained restricted. It was the easiest and readiest
way of levying a tax. Religious houses as well as very
small towns and even villages must have had to share in
the burdens ; and this would in some way account for manymints only existing for a very short time. Among such
places may be mentioned Bedwin, Brewton, Darcnth,
Otford, Sidbury, Welmesford, Weybridge, Witham, Sec.
* Proc. Soc. Aut. Scot. 1891-92, Vol. xxvi. p. 225.
ex INTKODUOTION.
The mint towns mentioned in Domesday form but a
very small portion of such as wore actually coining moneyduring the reign of Edward the Confessor, and at the
time of the making of the Great Survey.
The identification of the various mints is rendereddiflicult from the fact tliat as a rule only the three or
four initial letters of tlie names are given in the inscription.
London is often written in full, lvndene; sometimes
LVNDONI, LVNDONIA. Lincoln is sometimes found written
LINCOLNE, but we also have the form lincolla. Wehave DEORBY, GIPESFIC, CEOTFORD, and in two instances
DEORBii, -DEOTFORDE. For Salisbury we have the forms
SERBY and SERBl, which are enough to show that the whole
inscription would have been SEREBYRIG or SEREBIRIG.
These forms arc no doubt, properly speaking, those of the
oblique case. But it is equally certain that (like the Celtic
Kil- in place names, which is also an oblique case) this is
the form of the word which survived the longest, and that
from this termination ' byrig ' in iEglesbyrig, Cadanbyrig,
and the rest, the modern forms Aylesbury, Cadbury, &c.,
are derived. The Latin writers nearly always use this
form, and we have in them frequently such phrases as 'quod
Glastingabyrig nuncupatur,' ' quod Sceftesbyrig nuucu-
patur,' * qui Searesbirig nominatur.'
It is evident from the passages in Domesday cited on a
previous page* that the establishment of a large number of
local mints was a source of considerable revenue to the
king, which was augmented by the frequent changes of the
types of the coins. The entry under Worcester which
directly mentions the reception of the dies at London is
important ; it probably shows that the practice of issuing
them from the Exchequer existed during the reign of
William I. To what extent this custom prevailed we do
not know. In later reigns it was general. But in these
later reigns the position of the moueyer would be greatly
chan<'-ed. He was no longer the actual maker of the die on
which his name occurred, but he became only the officer in
* P. civ.
INTRODUCTION. CXI
charge of the mint, and as such was responsible for the true
standard of weight and fineness of the coins issued by him.
The mints described below are either doubtful or else have
been identified for the first time in the course of preparing
the present volume of the Catalogue of English Coins.
Ashdown (^sbedune or ^scedun) in the parish of Blew-
berry, co. Berks, now usually called Aston-Upthorp, is first
mentioned in A. S. Chron. s. a. 648, when Coenwealh, king
of the West Saxons, gave 3000 hides of land there to his
kinsman Cuthred, It was probably the scene of the famous
victory of iEthelred and Alfred over the Danes in a.d. 870.
In A.D. 1006 it was occupied for a while by the Danes,
"Why a mint should have been established at this place we
have no evidence to show. The only known coins attributed
to this mint were struck during the reign of ^thelred II.*
Bedwin (Bedewind or Bedewine) in the union of Hunger-
ford, Wilts, is better known as Great Bedwin, to distinguish
it from the smaller place of that name. There is an ancient
camp in the immediate neighbourhood In a.d. 675 it was
the scene of a battle between Wulfhere, king of Mercia,
and iEscwine, king of Wessex. iElfred gave land there to
his elder son, Eadweard.f Edward the Confessor signed a
charter there J ; and a grant of land at that place was made
to the monks of the church at Abingdon. At the Great
Survey * the king held it, as also did Edward the Confessor
:
it was never assessed or hided.' The only coins of this
mint in the National Collection were issued during the
reign of Edward the Confessor. §
Brewton or Brutun (Briutune) in the union of Wincanton,
Somerset, was distinguished as the site of a monastery
founded by Algar, earl of Cornwall, circ. a.d. 1005, for monks
of the Benedictine order.||
It was for a time annexed to the
abbey of St. Martin of Trouarn in Normandy. The manor
was a royal one before the Conquest, and was hold by
William L, who granted it to William de Moliun, in whose
* Hildtbrand, Angl. Mynt., p. 37.
t Birch, Cart. Sax., .'Jd:^ (Alfred's Will).
X" Istud fiiciuiu est ad villniu nomino Bcdcwiudo in camera regi:*," Koiiililc,
9il. § Sec p. R12.II
Collint;un, 7A/.s7. of Somu-i'if, vol i. 'ii:!
ex 11 INTRODUCTION.
poRseRfiion it was at tlio timo of tlio Great Survey. Tlie
coiuH of tills plaeo were issued in the rei^n of Cnut. It
is probaMo that the mint belonged to the abbot of the
monastery.
Bridgnorth (Brydiga, Bricge, or Brigge) in Shropshire,
a ])urg built by TEthelflajd in a.d. 912.* There appears
to be no further record, of this place till after the Conquest,
when the castle and land there were held by Robert do
Bclcsme, son and successor of Roger do Montgomery,
Earl of Shrewsbury.
Cadbury (Cadanburh or Cadebcrie) in the union of Wincan-
ton, Somerset, was the site of a Roman camp or city, as manyRoman antiquities, coins, &c., have been found there. Wehave however no records of this place during the Anglo-
Saxon period. At the time of the Survey it was held by
Turstan Fitz Rolf, a Norman, who also resided there.
Alwold held the manor during the reign of Edward the
Confessor, and it was assessed to the geld of twelve hides.f
South Cadbury (Sud-Cadeberie), close by, was also held by
Alwold, and later on by Turstan. The coins of this place
belong to the reigns of ^thelred II. and Cnut. (See p. 258,
and Hildebrand, An(j. Mijiit., pp. 41 k 207.) Though there
seems no reason why Cadbury should have a mint, there
can be little doubt of this attribution, as on the coins of
iEthelred II. the name of the place is given in full,
* Cadanbyrig.'
Castle Rising (Roiseng or Risinges) in the Lynn division of
the Freebridge Hundred, Norfolk. The evidence of this place
having been a mint during the Anglo-Saxon period has been
discussed by Mr. H. Montagu. t It is based on the doubtful
reading of the monogram on the reverse of the coin of
iElfred (no. 155, p. 54). Mr. Kenyon read the monogramCROINDEN for Croydon; BIr. Haigh read it ROISENG or
ROISENGER for Castle Rising (?). With this latter reading
we are more inclined to agree, and the coin is ascribed to
Castle Rising in this catalogue. Castle Rising was a place
* A. S. Chron. s. a. 912. t Domesday.
X Xuin. Chrou., I^rd Si-rics, ix. .3.S5.
INTRODUCTION. CXlll
of considerable importance from a strategical point of view.
It stands on the Wash and in a district frequently attacked
by tlie Danes. No other coins which can be assigned to
this place occur till the reign of Stephen, when the mint
appears to have been revived for a short period.
Corbridge (Corabridgej in the union of Hexham, North-
umberland, was a lioman settlement, and during the Anglo-
Saxon period the site of a monastery. There exist however
no records of this place earlier than a.d. 1138. The only
coin which has been ascribed to this mint reads on the
reverse OIERHD MO. COR.* It was struck by ^thelred II.
The attribution is, therefore, very doubtful.
Darenth (Darentune, Dserentan, Derent, or Tarent) in the
union of Dartford in Kent, derives its name from the
river Darent. In a.d. 934 yEthelstan gave a grant of land
at Darenth to .^Ifwald.f In Domesday it appears as be-
longing to the Archbishop of Canterbury. There is only one
coin known which can be attributed to Darenth. It was
issued during the reign of .^thelstan, and is in the posses-
sion of Mr. H. Montagu. It is of type v., and reads on the
reverse beorhtvlf darent . VRB. In the catalogue it is
erroneously given to Dartmouth (see list of moneyers,
Beorhtulf, p. 101).
Dereham, East (Deorham or Dyrham), in the union of
Mitford and Launditch, Norfolk, was the site of a nunnery
of Benedictines founded by Anna, king of the East Angles,
in A.D. 650 for Withburga, his youngest daughter, whom he
made prioress. The nunnery was subsequently destroyed by
the Danes ; but the remains of Withburga were disinterred
and translated circ. a.d. 974 to Ely, to which see the manor
of Dereham was given by Edward the Confessor. J The
only coins which can be attributed to this mint belong to
the reign of this king.§
Dorchester (Dorceastre or Dorecestre). There were
two Dorchesters in Anglo-Saxon times, both places of
great importance, and either likely to have possessed a
* Hildebrand, Anq. Mynt. p. 17. t Kcmblc, 3(54.
X Komblc, 907. § P. 35G, nos. 200-202.
ex IV INTRODUCTION.
mint. It ronmins to determine whether tlio DOR on the
coins is Dorchester in Oxfordshire or Dorchester in
Dorsetshire.
Dorcliestcr in tlic union of Walliugford in Oxfordshire
was an ancient British and Roman settlement. In a.d. 654
an episcopal see was established there, and Birinus was its
first bishop. It ceased to be a see from a.d. 705-870, in
which year Leicester having fallen into the hands of the
Dancr", Dorchester was made the seat of the united bishopric
of Dorchester, Leicester, and Lindsey. It continued to be a
see until a.d. 1085, when it was transferred to Lincoln.* In
ancient charters this place is styled villa ejnscojxdis. There
is no mention of Dorchester in Oxfordshire having received
the right of coinage or of a mint.
Dorchester in Dorsetshire was also a British and Eomansettlement. The first mention of it is in a charter of
Ecgbeorht, a.d. 833,t containing a grant of lands at
Weunland to three sisters, Beornwyn, Alfled, and Uualen-
burch. The town is there styled villa regalis. In Domesdayit is again spoken of as a royal demesne. As, moreover, weare expressly informed in Domesday that in this Dorchester
there were [in the reign of Edward the Confessor] two
mint-masters, each of whom paid to the king one markin silver and twenty shillings upon a recoinage, it is evident
that Dorchester in Dorsetshire was the mint place during
the Anglo-Saxon period.
GeoSaburh or Jobaburh. This place is identified with
Jedburgh by Hildebrand.J Piaine and Dixon identify in
like manner JucJanburh with Jedburgh (Archbishops of
York, vol. i., p. IIG ; cf. A. S. Chron., s. a. 952; also
Toller and Bosworth, A. S. Did., s.v. Jutianburh). It would
seem, however, that the usual names for Jedburgh were
Gedword, Geddewerde, Oedewurth, ttc. It cannot, there-
fore, be said that this identification is other than doubtful.
Jedburgh is not a likely site for the event mentioned in
A. S. Chron. s. a. 952.
* Tarker, Uift. of Dorchester, pp. 19-22. t Komblc. 232.
X Aug. Mijnt. p. 497.
INTRODUCTION. CXV
Hamtune (Southampton or Northampton). Both places,
Southampton and Northampton, are called in the Anglo-
Saxon Chronicle and at this period simply * Hamtune.'
Southampton, as the chief port in the west, was a place
of considerahle importance even in lioman times. It wasoccasionally the residence of the Anglo-Saxon kings ; and it
suffered much from the incursions of the Danes. Frequent
mention is made of this town in the charters of Edwardthe Confessor, and from Domesday we learn that it possessed
two moneyers. The Hamtune mentioned in the Edict of
Greatley ahove referred to* is also undouhtedly South-
ampton ; for all the other towns mentioned in the edict are
in the ancient dominions of the kings of Wessex.
Northampton was captured by the Danes in a.d. 917 and
served as their head-quarters circ. a.d. 921. In this year,
being defeated by Eadweard the Elder, the Danes evacuated
Northampton and for nearly a century the town remained
undisturbed. The year 1010 witnessed another invasion bythe Danes, during which Northampton was burnt to the
ground; and in a.d. 1064, during the rising against Tostig,
it was plundered and the inhabitants outraged. Duringthe reign of Henry II. it received the right of coinage. Butthe balance of probability is that Southampton alone enjoyed
this right in the Anglo-Saxon period. The ' Hamtune
'
mint was in active operation from the time of ^thelstan
to the Conquest, though coins of all the reigns are not
represented in the National Collection.
Horndon (Horninduna, Hornyngdone, or Torninduna) in
Essex is divided into three parishes, a division which appears
to have existed since the time of Edward the Confessor.
(1) East Horndon was held in the reign of Edward the
Confessor by Aluuin, one of the king's thegns. Odo, Bishop
of Bayeux, also had twenty acres there. (2) West Horndon,
otherwise called Little Horndon, was held by two freemen
during the same reign. At the time of the Survey the
manor was held by Edward son of Algot. (3) Horndon
on the Hill was in the reign of Edward the Confessor
CXvi IMTIIOhfCTION.
held by Uulric ii freeman, probably the Hame who held
East ITorndoii ; but Knstacc, Earl of Boulof,'no, and his
undrr-icnuut Garner held it at the time of the Survey.*
The only coins of this mint were issued during the reign of
Edward the Confessor.
Jedbiirgli, sec GcoSaburh.
Lowik or Luffwick (Luueic, Lufwyk, or Luhwic) in
Northamptonshire. Of the early history of this place
scarcely anything is known. From Domesday it appears
that the manor there was divided between the Bishop of
Constance and the crown; as Edwin and Algar held one
virgatc of the former and Sibold one virgatc and a half of
the latter. The attribution of the coin reading lvveic
(no. 20, p. 195) to this place is therefore very doubtful.
Lymne (Liman, Limna, or Limene) in Kent. This is the
Portus Lemanus of the Eomans, one of their most important
harbours. The harbour fell into decay at an early period
of the Saxon occupation, and Hythe sprang up to take
its place. In the early part of the eleventh century the
lands at Lymne were divided up into several manors. The
most important of these was that of Aldington, which became
part of the estates of Christ Church, Canterbury, in a.d. 1032.
In Domesday it is entered under the general title of terra
militum archiepiscopi, i.e. ' land held of the Archbishop by
knight's service.' Coins of this mint range from Eadgar to
Edward the Confessor.
]\raldon in Essex and Malmesbury in "Wiltshire, The
similarity in the spelling of the names of these two places
makes it, when we have only the initial letters to guide us,
almost impossible to distinguish between the coins of the
two mints.
Maldon is found as M9eldune,Mealduna,Mealdune,Meldune,
and Meldunum ; and Malmesbury as Mailduifesburh, Malmes-
biriensis, Mealmesburh (Mealmesbyrig), Mealdemesburh, and
]\[eldunum. Both places were of considerable importance
during the Anglo-Saxon period. The first mention of Maldon
* Morant, Uist. of Essex, vol. i. pp. 207-21G; "Wright, Hist, of Essex,
vol. ii. p. 2.")0.
INTRODUCTION. CXvii
is in the A. S. Cliron. s. a. 913, when Eadweard the Elder camewith some of his forces into Essex at M?eldune, and encampedthere whilst a town was building and fortifying at WiSam(q. v.). Again in a.d. 920 the same king came to Mteldune andrebuilt and fortified the town. In the next year Maldon wasunsuccessfully besieged by a joint army of East Angles or
of Vikings from over the sea, and was again besieged andcaptured in a.d. 993. At the Great Survey Maldon formedpart of the royal domain, as the king had in it one house,
and pasture for 100 sheep, and also 180 houses, which the
burgesses held of him.
The first mention of the town of Malmesbury during the
Anglo-Saxon period is of the burning of the burg by the
Danes, circ. a.d. 878. The town was afterwards consumedby another fire and rebuilt by Eadweard the Elder. In
A.D. 1015 {A. 8. Giron.) after the murder of the thanes,
Sigeferth and Morkere at Oxford, the king ordered that
Sigeferth's widow should be taken to Malmesbury. Thetown owed its origin as well as its name to the celebrated
abbey founded in the seventh century by Maildulf, an Irish
monk, and is made illustrious by the writings of William of
Malmesbury.
Newark (Newarcha or Newerke) in Northamptonshire wasan ancient chapelry in the parish of St. John the Baptist,
Peterborough. There exists some doubt whether the coin
attributed to this town (see no. 13, p. 160) may not have
been struck at Newark in Nottinghamshire, in which city
a castle is said to have been built by Ecgbeorht. This
manor was subsequently held by Leofric, Earl ofMcrcia, and
in Domesday Godiva, his Countess, appears as paying the
danegeld for it.
Newport (Niweporte), in the hundred of South 13radfield,
Shropshire, is situated near Watling Street. There appear to
be no records of its early history. Sir John Evans identifies
this mint with Newport in Cornwall, the Celtic name of which
was Laustephadon, or the town of St. Stephen's Church.*
Northampton, see Hamtune.
* Nam. C/iroM., 3icl Series, vol. v., p. 257.
CXVlll INTRODUCTION.
Otford (OSnford, Ottaiifortla, &c.), in the hundred of Cods-
hoatli, Kent, wiis tlie scene of the victory (jljtained in a.u. 773*
by Oflii of i\Iercia over Eulhmund of Kent (cf. Vol. I., p. xlv.),
and also of the battle in a.d. 10 10 in which Eadmund Ironside
defeated the Danes. OflTa gave the manor of Otford to the
Church of Canterbury, and at the Great Survey it was
assigned to the Archbishop, and continued to form part of
the possessions of the see till long subsequent to the Con-
quest.f There are no coins of this mint in the National
Collection. A penny of iEthelred II., reading LEIFDOO .
MO . OON, is described by Hildebrand, Auf^. Mynt., p. 130.
It is of type iv. var. a.
Eichborough (Ricyeburh) in^ Kent is the Tortus Iiutupiae
of the Romans. Traces of Roman work are discoverable in
the ruins of the castle. There are in fact no evidences
of Saxon occupation. Such occupation, however, might
very well have taken place, and yet have left no durable
traces either in buildiu<:i;s or in walls. It is therefore with
considerable doubt that the coins with the legend RIC (see
pp. 289, 422) have been attributed to this place. There is
no mention of Richborough either in the Anglo-Saxon
Chronicle or in Domesday.
Sidbury(Si'besteburhor Sideburh), a parish near Sidmouth,
Devonshire. This manor was granted to the see of Exeter
by Edward the Confessor during the episcopacy of Leofric,
and it was in the possession of that see at the time of
the Great Survey. The attribution of the coins described
at p. 231 and p. 292 (^thelred II. and Cnut) is
doubtful.
Sidmouth (Sidmes, Sedemunde, or Sedemude), a seaport in
Devonshire. The most ancient name appears to have been
Sidemen. Numerous Roman antiquities and coins have
been found there. At the time of the Conquest, Gyda, mother
of Harold II., was in possession of the manor of Sidmouth;
but shortly after the Conquest and prior to the Great Survey
it was bestowed by William on the monastery of St. Michael
'in periculo maris,' Mont St. Michel in Normandy. The
* A. a. Chioii., c. a. 773. t Uastcd, Uist. cj Kent, vol. i., p. 322.
INTRODUCTION. CXIX
only coin attributed to this place has the mint nameSIDMES.*
Southampton, see Hamtune.Tcmpsforcl (Taemeseforda or Temesanford), in the union
of Biggleswade, co. Bedford, was fortified by the Danes in
A.D. 921. Later on in the same year it was taken byEadweard the Elder, ' who beset the burg and fought against
it and slew the King, and Earl Toglos and Earl Manua, his
son and his brother, and all those who were there within.'
The city appears to have remained undisturbed till a.d. 1010,
when the Danes took it and reduced it to ashes. The coins
attributed to this mint (pp. 173-174) were struck before
the place was burnt by the Danes.
Tonbridge (Tonebricg, Tonebrug, &c.) in Kent. Of this
place there are no records before the Conquest. There
was an ancient castle there which is supposed to have been
built before that time. In Domesday the only reference to
Tonbridge is in speaking of Eichard de Tonbridge, alias Fitz
Gilbert, who held the manor there and was also possessed
of land in various other parts of Kent. The attribution of
the coins of iEthelred II., ascribed to Tonbridge by Hilde-
brand, is doubtfuLf
Totleigh or Totley (Totleah or Totele) in the union of
Ecclesall-Bierlow, Derbyshire. Of this place there appear
to be no early records. The coin of Cnut, which is ascribed
to Totleigh, reads TOTEL.$
Wardborough (Weardburh) in the union of Wallingford,
Oxfordshire. We have scarcely any records of this nowsmall and unimportant place. In A. S. Cliron. s. a. 913, wo
find that iEthelHaed, lady of the Mercians, built ' in the next
year after midwinter that (burg) at Cyricbyrig (Cherbury)
and that at Weardbyrig,§ and that same year before midwinter
that at Kumcofa (Euncorn).' Land at Wardborough was
granted by Eadmund to Wulfric a.d. 944.|1 Of this
* Hildcbraiid, Aug. Mynt. p. 137.
t lb. p. 14!», 3828-9.'
% Ih. p. 301, .S5GG.
§ Steenstnip, Normannerne, vol. iii., p. i'i, idoutifics this pliico with
Wi^densljorfnigli in ^tuffonlsliire (.-^ei.' above p. Hi )
IIKemble, Ills.
OXX INTRODUCTION.
mint only one coin is known. It is of TEthelstan, type v.
p. 1015, and Inmrs on tlie reverse the inscription BYRHTELMMOT p>EARDBV. This coin formed part of the Skye hoard
found in 1891, and the presence in the same hoard of coins
struck at Oxford renders its attribution to Wardborough
beyond question.
Warmington (Wcrmington), in the hundred of Polebrook,
Northamptonshire, formed part of the possessions of the see
of Peterborough, during the Anglo-Saxon period; though
the documents which profess to record the grants of it are,
as in the case of Welmesford (q.v.), not of the date which
they profess to be.* At the time of the Survey the abbey
of Peterborough still held seven hides and a half at
"Warmington. Coins attributed to this mint read p>ORi or
|>0RIME, &c. They were struck during the reigns of
iEthelred II., Cnut, and Harold I.f
Welmesford, Walmesford or Wansford (Welmesforda), in
the union of Stamford, Northamptonshire, was also an ancient
possession of the see of Peterborough. The passage interpo-
lated in A. S. Clirou. (E.) s. a, 657 records tlie supposed grant
of the manor to the abbey of St. Peter, St. Paul, and St.
Andrew, at Medeshamstede, i.e. Peterborough, by Wulfhere,
son of Penda, king of Mercia; and a spurious charter in
Kemble (575) is supposed to confirm the grant. Welmes-
ford is not mentioned in Domesday ; but appears to have
been part of the knight's fees which Anketil de St.
Medard held of the abbey. The attribution to Welmes-
ford of the coin of Cnut with mint name p>ELMlAE (no. 556,
p. 296) is open to doubt.
Weybridge (Weybricca, Weybrugge, or Wibricg) is in the
union of Chertsey, Surrey. Two hides of the manor of
Weybridge were granted by ^thclstan to the abbey of
Chertsey, a.d. 13 Dec. 933. | This grant was confirmed byEdward the Confessor in a.d. 1062. § At the Great
Survey the abbey still possessed two hides of land at Wey-
* Cf. A. S. Chron., s. a. 9G3; aud Kemble, Coil. Dipl. Sax., 575.
t Hildebruml, Aikj. Mynt., pp. 1G5. 314, 375.
I Kemble, 3G3. "
§ lb. 812.
INTRODUCTION. CXXl
bridge, and Alured held them in the time of Edward the
Confessor, and after his death. The coins having the mint
name [>ib or [>IBR, struck during the reign of Cnut,* can
only be doubtfully ascribed to Weybridge.
Winchcombe (Wincelcumb) in Gloucestershire was a
place of residence of the Mercian kings. Offa of Mercia
founded a nunnery there in a.d. 787. Two years later
Coenulf of Mercia laid the foundation of a Benedictine abbey
dedicated to St. Mary, which took the place of the nunnery.
Coenulf was buried there in a.d, 822. The monastery
suffered severely during the Danish ravages and was in a
ruinous condition in the reign of Eadgar, when Oswald,
bishop of Worcester, rebuilt it, and it was reconsecrated
to the Virgin Mary and St, Kenelm.f The only coin
which can be attributed to this place is that of Cnut,
no. 597, p. 299.
Witham (Wi^am) in Essex. This burg was built byEadweard the Elder in a.d. 913.$ There are no further records
of it till the compilation of Domesday, from which we learn
that it belonged to Earl Harold (Godwine's son) during the
reign of Edward the Confessor. At the time of the Great
Survey, Peter the Sheriff kept it in the king's hands, and
it was some time part of the estate of Eustace, Earl of
Bouillon, who married Goda, sister of William I. It subse-
quently reverted to the crown, and Stephen gave it to the
Knights Templars. § A coin reading Pi£)A, struck during the
reign of Harthacnut|1
is attributed to this mint.
In completing, as we do in this volume, the description Summauy.
of the whole series of coins struck between the time whenthe English first began to strike money and the NormanConquest, it may be well to review in a few words the
contents of the two volumes together, and sum up very briefly
* Hildebraiid, Aug. Mijnt., p. 307.
t Rudder, Ilii't. of Glosttrsliire, pp. 825-2G.
X A. S. Gliron. s. a. 913.
§ Wrif^lit, 7/^'^^ of Esxex, vol. i., p. 21(3.
11 llildcbraud, Any. Mynt., p. -108.
cxxii introductkjn.
the chief points of liistorical and artistic interest which the
whole series of Early English coinage has to offer.
English coinage hegan, as we saw, with the series of
imitations of the money current among the Franks of the
earlier Merovingian dynasty and of their neighbours the
Frisians. AVo saw also reason to conjecture that, at the time
at which this first English money was made, some Roman
silver and gold coins and a very large number of small
Eomau copper coins were still current in this country.
The first series of English coins consisted of a few gold and
a very considerable number of silver pieces (sceattas), which
were no doubt chiefly current in the districts nearest to the
French coast. But they evidently spread through middle
England as far as Northumbria, for we have coins of this
series with the name of Mercian and Northumbrian kings.
In Northumbria it is probable that the sceattas did not dis-
place the chief currency of the district, which still consisted
in the small copper Eoman coinage of which we have before
spoken, and the result of the introduction of the sceattas was
that these coins assimilated themselves in appearance to the
small Eoman coins. The Northumbrian coinage, called the
Styca series, changes from a silver to a copper one, and this
Styca series endures until the conquest of Northumbria by
the Danes in the year 868.
South of the Humber, the history of the English coinage
is affected by the changes which took place in the coinage of
Francia. In the latter country the house of Heristal intro-
duced, before the end of the eighth century, a new type of
silver coin by the coinage of what was called the new
denarius ; and this money was speedily imitated in England
in the penny coinage of Off'a (probably struck in Kent) as
also in the penny coinages of the kings of Kent, the Arch-
bishops of Canterbury, and a few of the kings of East
Anglia, Between the battle of Ellanduue in a.d. 825, and
the death of Burgred in a.d. 874, we watch the other South
Humbrian coinages disappear and that of ^Yessex alone
survive. As we have pointed out, the early so-called Wessexcoins were probably at first struck only in Kent.
The two classes of coins, then, which mark the beginning
INTRODUCTION. CXXIU
of an English coinage—the sceattas of the seventh and
eighth centuries and the pennies which succeeded them—were
both derived, so far as regards their general appearance and
fabric, from similar (;\Ierovingian and Carolingian) coinages
on the Continent. But from the very beginning of the
English coinage a great originality is shown in the details
of the fabrication, such as in the choice of the types, in the
forms of the letters in the inscription, &c. In truth the
originality is even more conspicuous on the earliest coins,
—
in the sceattas, for example, and on the first coins issued byOffa, than it is on the later pieces. Still on the whole wemay say that in respect of type and general appearance the
English currency throughout is markedly independent of
influences coming from the Continent. The continental
coinage develops into two distinct branches, the French
and the German. The English coinage stands apart from
both as a distinct series. All these facts argue a very con-
siderable wealth and remarkable commercial activity in this
country.
The incursions of the Vikings and the first coins struck
by a Scandinavian people during the latter half of the ninth
century form the next important feature in the history of
the English coinage.
One of these difi'erent series of Scandinavian coinages is
imitated rather from the Frankish coinage than from the
English. (See Vol. I. pp. 204-229, and PI. xxiv.-xxvii.) All
the other coins which were struck by or under the influence
of Scandinavian conquerors in England, are no more than
debased imitations of the current coinage of the country. It is
at this time that the names of the moneyers upon coins
begin to show a curious infusion of foreign elements, and
not Scandinavian elements only, among the population
of England. In iElfred's reign we have to note the
beginning of the practice of adding the names of mint-
places upon the coins, the only mint-places which had
before his reign been mentioned on any coins being London
Vol. I. pp. 10-11) and Canterbury (Vol. I. p. 41 and Vol. II.
pp. 6, 13-14). The chief interest to be found in tlic mint-
names on the coins begins during the reign of iEthclstan.
CXXIV INTRODUCTION.
For in the wliolo series of coins from this reign down to
the reign of Eadgar wo have continuous evidence of the
recovery by the kings of Wesscx of the country from the
hands of the Danes. With the exception of three reigns,
those of Eadmund, Eadred, and Eadwig, the number of
mint-places recorded by the coins goes on continually
increasing to the time of ^Ethclred II.
After the reign of Eadgar we notice a certain change in
the appearance of the coins. The dies appear to have been
made more roughly than heretofore, and we may infer that
a greater number of coins than previously were struck from
the same die. It is difficult to describe in words this
change in the appearance of the English coins ; but the
general eflfect of it on the eye and mind is to suggest that
after the death of Eadgar, or at any rate after the accession
of iEthelredlL, the number of pieces issued was considerably
greater than at any previous time, and that the more purely
commercial character of the coinage was exclusively kept in
view, while a striving after art in the manufacture of the
dies almost disappeared. Indeed the amount of money
coined in the reign of -^thelred II. must have been enor-
mous. The payments which are recorded to have been
made at various times in this reign and the next—10,000 lbs.
of silver, 16,000 lbs., 45,000 lbs., 87,000 lbs.—imply an
enormous currency, even though we admit that these large
sums could not all have been paid in specie. That such
payments in any form should have been possible despite all
the misfortunes of England implies that her commercial
prosperity had been continually on the increase.
In the reign of iEthelred II. we have further that
important event in the history of the English coinage, in
some respects the most important event of all, the initiative
which it gave to the creation of a Scandinavian coinage
—
currencies initiated by the Danes in Ireland and in Scotland
and other currencies for Denmark, for Sweden, and for Nor-
way. As we have already said, the coinage of -^iEthelred and
its imitations symbolize the wide rule of Cnut, who might
have built up a lasting Scandinavian Empire if Cnut had
had worthy successors, or if the Scandinavian customs of
INTRODUCTION. CXXV
inheritance could have been broken through. Undoubtedly
this enormous currency of ^thelred's coinage, and of imita-
tions of it throughout all Scandinavian lands, must have led
to an increase in trade between England and other northern
countries and paved the way for intercourse of all kinds.
We know how much the English chronicles are concerned
with Norwegian and Danish history at this time, and howmuch the Icelandic Sagas have to tell us about English
history.
Some further tokens of the power and the ambition of
Cnut are given by the adoption upon the coinage of a
crowned bust, probably copied from the bust on the Imperial
German coins ; and one or two instances which occur at this
time of the copying of German types upon the English
money, or the converse, suggest that our relations were
(through Denmark and Frisia) rather more with the GermanEmpire than with France. The whole state of affairs
changed when Edward the Confessor mounted the throne,
and Norman influences began to be felt in this country.
This history of the spread of English coinages in the
North marks the end of the influence of English coinage
before the Conquest. As we have said, the influence of the
new power—the Norman—though it began to be felt
during the reign of Edward the Confessor, is not reflected
so far as we can gather upon the coinage. Perhaps in one
case we may see a reflection of it in the so-called ' Sovereign
type ' of Edward the Confessor, which is the first appearance
of what we may call a coat-of-arms upon coins.
Thus far as regards the historical interest of the English
coinage. Its artistic interest is, of course, very muchsmaller ; but still it is not without artistic interest. In the
earliest series of all, the sceatta series, we have a number and
variety of designs which in proportion to the extent of the
issue is perhaps without precedent in any other coinage of
the world. The designs on the sceattas are not themselves
for the most part artistically beautiful, but in any history
of the development of ornament they ought to take a
conspicuous place. They present, as was shown in the
first volume, some striking examples of the degradation of
ox XVI TNTllOnilCTION.
typcfl, and throupjli degradation of the evolution of fresh
types. In the first volume a good deal of space was
allotted to tracing the origin, the development, etc., of these
designs.
Then, again, the coins of Offa arc in a way monuments of
artistic excellence ; and in the history of Anglo-Saxon art,
and of its development out of Celtic art, these coin-types
deserve a place alongside of the illuminated manuscripts of
the period. After Offa's reign we continue from time to
time to have coins which are artistically beautiful. Some
heads on the money of Eadweard the Elder afford the best
examples perhaps of the kind of work of which we are
speaking; these, again, could not he neglected in any his-
tory of Anglo-Saxon art. But after this time, or at any
rate after the reign of Eadgar, as we have just stated, the
English coinage ceases to have any artistic merit, and an
artistic coinage does not again appear in England until the
reign of Edward I. of the Angevin or Plantagenet line.
In the preparation of this Catalogue the compilers have
been under special obligations to Sir John Evans, K.C.B,,
Treas. E.S., who has read the proofs of the Catalogue, and
to. Mr. H. Montagu, F.S.A., who has placed at their disposal
his manuscript notes on the early coinage of Wessex, and
has supplied lists of unpublished moneyers. Their thanks
are also due to the Eev. E. McClure for his notes on that
portion of the Introduction which deals with the mints.
az<
ozUJ
a.
<
M
CATALOGUE.
CORRIGENDA.
P. 1, add name of Eanwald to list of moneyers.
P. 21, 1. 2, dele in Kent a.d. 858.
P. 27 »i, for Xristiano road Xristiana.
P. 101, 1. 51, first col., for Dartmouth read Darenth,
P. 394, 1. 5, for 0«bcrn read 0«grim.
P. 409, 1. 6, for „ read/ECELPIC.
CATALOGUE OF ENGLISH COINS.
ANGLO-SAXON SERIES.
KINGDO^I OF WESSEX.
ECGBEORHT.Srcc. A.D. 802 ; died a.d. 838* or 839t.
Moneyerg.
Aenred. Ifa.JEfel-, see E?el-. 01»a (Canterbury).Andred. Osmund (Cautcrbury).Beagmund. Sigestef.
Boornheard, Beornhart, &c. Sweflieard, Swefherd (Canterbury).Beornmod, Biorniuod, <&c. (Canter- Swene.
bury). Tideman.Biosil, Bosel [cf. Bosa] (Canterbury). Tiluuiue (Canterbury).Bosa. * Timbearht [cf. Ti^-beaiht] (Caiitor-
iJehis. bury).Diorniod [cf. Biornmod] (Canterbury). Ti^lnaritf.
Dynyn [Duniug V]. Werlnard.EStlmod. Wulgar.
Description of Types.
Obverse.|
Reverse.
Type i.
Bu.t r diadtuud. Around, inserip-; jionofrram f& for DOROB 0^
tion between two circles, divideil by i
"^^f) *
bust. (Dorol)iriiia Civitas). Around, in-
1 8crii)tion between two eireh .s.
[Cf. PI. I. 1.]
* Stiibbs. f 'riicopivM. See Iiitnxluction.
J This monogram has bcpii likewise read fcCBOR; but this rrailinf; seems scarcely
ailmissiblc. It is pos^ibb' tliat lliis type is a Uegrudatidn from the type of Archbishop Wulfred(a.i>. 803-83U). See Vol. I. p. 73, I'l. xii. 7 ; anU the Introiliiction to the ]>rescnt volume.
VOL. n. u
A
WESSEX.
Obverse. Reverse.
Type i. vnr. a.
t^imilnr ; iuncriptinn not divided hy 1 Same,hunt.
I
[Kvans Coll.]
Type ii.
Bust r., (liadomcd. Around, inscription iMonogram •^- ( A and CO). Around,
between two circles, <livi(led by bust. I inscription between two circles.
[Cf. n. I. 2.]
Type iii.
Bust r., diademed. Around, inscrip- I Cross, two liml>s nioline, two limbs
tion between two circles, divided by pattes. Around, iiis('rij)tirin betweenbust.
I
two circles.
[Cf. n. I. 3.]
Type iv.
Head r., diademed. Arou7id, inscrip)- i Cross crosslet. Around, inscription he-
tion between tico circles. ticeen two circles.
[Rud., n. 14, ].]
Type V.
Head r., diademed. Around, inscrip-|
Cross potent. Around, inscription he-
tion between two circles. tween two circles.
[Rud., PI. 27, 1.]
Type vi.
Head r., diademed. Around, inscrip- Lozenge-shaped pellet, surroundi d bytion between two circles. four crescmts, liorns outwards.
I Around, inscription between twoI
circles.
[Cf. PI. I. 4.]
ECGBEORHT.
Reverse.
Type vii.
Ue(idr.,(li(t(himed. Around, inscription I Cross pattee. Around, inscription be-
between two circles. tween two circles.
[Saiothill, Olla Podrida, PI. 20, 7.]
Type viii.
Head r. diademed. Around, inscrip- I Cross pattee, with wedge in each angle(cross pattee over another cross pat-
te'e). Around, inscription between
I
two circles.
[Cf. PI. I. 5.]
tion between two circles.
Type ix.
Head r., diademed. Around, inscrip- I Tribrach moline. Around, inscription
tion l)('t\v(en two circles.1
between two circles.
[Cf. PI. I. 6.]
Type X.
Cross pattee. Around, inscription be- I Cross crosslet. Ar<nind, iiiscrijition
tween two circles.|
between two circles,
[Cf. PI. I. 7.]
Tyj>e xi
Sun ?—piriht rays patt(fs issuing fromrirrh enclosing pellet. Around, in-
scription between two circles.
Cross pattee. Around, inscription be'
tween two circles.
[E. J. G. PifiFard dll]
Type xii.
Sun?—nine rays pattcs issuing fromcircle enclosing pellet. Around, in-
scription between two circles.
[Cf. PI. I. HJ
Tribrach, limbs fourche's. Around, in*
pcripfion betwc ni two <irclc8.
B 2
WESSEX.
Obvcrnc. RevcrBe.
Type xiii.
Cross potent. Arjiiiid, inscrijitiou be- I Ciohh potent. Around, inscription be-tween two circles.
|twcou two circles.
[Cf. ri. I. !».]
Type xiv.
Monogram ^fjL** Around, inscripfion
between two circles.
Cross potent. Around, inscription he-
tween two circles.
[Num. Chron., N. S., iii. 4G.]
Type XV.
Cros* palt^e. Around, inscription be-
tween two circles.
Six rays or limbs patt^s, issuing from acommon centre. Around, inscription
between two circles.
[Riid., n. 27, 2.]
Type xvi.
Cross of six limbs pattes. Around, in- I Cross of five limbs pattes. Around, in-
scription betwei^n two circles.\
scription between two circles.
[Evans Coll.]
* The monogram horc given correctly rc})re!ients that on tbe coin. The figure lielow is takenfrom tlie only publislioil repre^-cntatioii ot the coin. Since the figure was done the comi>ilers havehad an opi>ortuuity of seeing tlie original.
ECQBEORHT.
Obverse. Reverse.
Type xvii.
Small croxs jmtte'e icitldii four crescents,
horns inwards. Across, inscription
between two circles.
Cross pattee. Around, inscription be-
tween two circles.
[Boyne Cull.]
Type xviii.
S/^oT fj^ (SAXON) irregularly
placed. Around, iuscriptiun betweentwo circles.
Cross pattee. Around, inscription be-
tween two circles.
[Cf. PI. I. 10.]
Type xix.
Cross piitent. Around, inscription he- I Monogram PA (for SAX). Around,
tween two circles. | inscrijition between two circles.
[Num. Chron., N.S., iii. 46.]
Type XX.
SAXInscription ONIO in three lines across
RVMfield. Around, inscription between
two circles.
Cross patttfe. Around, inscription be-
tween two circles.
[Jlurdiison C.dl.]
WESSICX.
Descuiition ok Coins.*
No.
ECGBEORHT.
No.
WESSEX.
No.
AETHELWULF.
AETHELWULF.Succ. A.D. 838 or 839; died a.d. 858.
(Resigned Wessex to bis son Ae'Selbald in 856 and reigned in Kent only.)
Moneyers.
Mtal-, see E?el-.
Beagmutid.Biarnmod or Biarmod.Biarnno^ (Canterbury).Brid (Canterbury).Degbeariit.
Deineab (Canterbury).Diar (Canterbury).Duduiue.Dun(n).Ealgmuiid [Ealbmuiid ?] (Canter-
bury).
Eanmund (Canterbury).Eanwalil.
Eardwulf.EJelgeard l= ESelheard ?]
Eielheard.
E^elbere.E'Selniod [or ESelno^ ?].
ESelmund (Canterbury).ESelno'6.
ESelred? (Canterbury).
Hebeca? (Canterbury).
Hedeheald [for Herel>eabl?].
Herebeald (Canterbury).
Herebearht.Hunbearht [Hunbeant] (Canterbury).
Hun red.
l.ialm or Liuba.
Mauiuc [Manninc] (Canterbury).
Manna, Mann, &c.
Osmund (Canterbury).
Tiruald [Tiduald ?].
Torbtulf.
Torbtwald.Uermund.Uueallieard, Uuelheard, &c. [= 'Uelm-
heard ?] (Canterbury).
Uuelmbeard L=Uuealhi.'ard?]
Uuilheah or Wilbeah [of. Uuelbeard](Canterbury).
Weineali [of. Deineab.]
Description of Types.
Obverse.
Trjpe i.
DORIBI or DOR IB irregularly writ-
ten. Around, inscription betweentwo circles.
Monogram ^P!^ . Around, inscription
between two circles.
[Cf. PI. n. ].]
Sumo as reverse of preceding
Type i. var. a.
I
Same as obverse of preceding.
[Cf. PI. II. 2.]
Type ii
DORIBI or DORIB irregularly writ-
ten. Around, inscription betweentwo circles.
In centre i^Ci. An)uud, inscription
between two circles.
Monogram ^f^^between two circles.
[Cf. PI. II. 3.]
Ty
Around, inscription
Type iii.
Cross patte'o, in angles CYMT(CANT?) Aromul, inscription be-
tween two circles.
[Cf. PL II. 4.J
10 WESSEX.
Obveriic. Keveree.
Type iv.
Moii„-riin Sj^ (SAXONV). Anmiul,
iiiscriiitiiin ijutwcuii two ciirk'S.
CroBS puttee over anotlitr crobs jiattee.
Around, iiiecriptiou bttwceu twocirclcB.
[Cf. ri. II. 5.]
Type V.
Crtiss piitteo over aiiotlicr cross pattec.
Arounii, inscriptiuu between twocircles.
SAXInscription ON 10 in three lines
R/Macross field. Around, inscription
between two circles.
[Cf. PI. II. 6.]
yanie.
Type V. var. a.
SAXSimilar, ONIO and around, between
RVMtwo circles, OCLI DENTALIVM, in-
stead of money er's name.
[Cf. PI. II. 7.]
Type vi.
Bust r., diademed. Around, inscrip-
tion between t\¥0 circles, divided bybust.
Christian monogram ^. An uud, in-
scription between two circles.
[Cf. PI. II. 8.]
Type vii.
Bust r., diademed. Around, inscrip- y . JTB a , . . ,
tion between two circles, divided by ^"^ "^^^^^ *^- Ground, inscription be-
bust. tween two circles.
[Cf. PI. II. 9.]
Type viii.
Bust r., diademed. Around, inscrip-
tion between two circles, divided bybust.
In centre «^. Around, inscription be-
tween two circles.
[Cf. PI. II. 10.]
Type ix.
Bust r., diademed. Around, inscrip-tion between two circles, divided bybust.
Cross patte'e, pellet in each angle.Around, inscription between twocircles.
[Cf. PI. II 11.]
AETHELWULF. 11
Obverse. Reverse.
Type ix. vur. a.
Head r., diademed. Around, iuscrip- I Similar; smaller cross pattc'e ; notion between two circles.
|
pellets in angles.
[Cf. PI. II. 12.]
Tijpt X.
Ilead r., diademed. Around, iuscrip- I Cross potent. Around, inscription le-
tion between two circles. tween two circles.
[Rud., PI. 27, 2.]
Tyye xi.
Bust r., diademed. Around, inscrip-
tion between two circles, divided bybust.
[Cf. PI. III. 1.]
Cross crosslet. Around, inscription be-tween two circles.
Type xii.
Bust r., diademed. Around, inscrip-
tion between two circles, divided bybust.
[Cf. PI. HI. 2.
J
Star of six raya pattes. Around, in-
scription between two circles.
Bust r., diademed. Around, inscrip-
tion between two circles, divided bybust.
[Cf. PI. III. 3.]
Type xiii.
Cross pattc'e over another cross patte'o.
Around, inscription between twocircles.
Type xiv.
Bust r., diademed. Around, inscrip-
tion between two circles, divided bybust.
Cross pattee over cross pomme'e.Around, inscription between twocircles.
[Cf. PI. III. 4.]
Type XV.
Bust r., diademed. Around, inscrip-
tion between two circles, divided bybust.
Cross, two limbs pattc's, two molino.Around, inscription between twocircles.
[Cf. PI. HI. 5.J
12 WE8SEX.
Obverse. Reverse.
Type xvi.
BuH r., diatlrinrd. Around, inscription
bcttrotn two circles, divided by bust.
Cross, tico limhs cross crosslet, two pat-tes. Around, inscripliun between twocircles.
[INIontagu Coll.]
Type xvii
Bust r., sometimes diademed. Around,inscription between two circles, di-vided by bust.
Moneyer's name, &c., upon limbs andbetween angles of cross formed ofbeaded lines.
[Cf. PI, III. 6.]
Type xviii.
Cross pattr'e over another cross pattee.Around, inscription between twocircles.
In centre >^. Around, inscription be-
tween two circles.
[Cf. PI. m. 7.]
Type xix.
Cross patte'e over another cross patte'e.
Around, inscription between twocircles.
Plain cross, the ends of which touchthe inner circle, over cross pommee.Around, inscription between twocircles.
[Cf. PI. III. 8.]
Type XX.
Cross patte'e over another cross pattee.Around, inscription between twocircles.
Same as obverse type.
[Cf. PI. III. 9.]
Type xxi.
Cross pattc'e over another cross pattee.Around, inscription between twocircles.
Cross crosalet. Around, inscription be-tween two circles.
[Cf. PL III. 10.]
Type xxii.
Cross patte'e over another cross patte'e.
Around, inscription between twocircles.
Cross moline. Around, inscription be-tween two circles.
[Cf. PI. III. 11]
AETHELWULF. 13
Obversp. Reverse.
Type xxiii.
Cross pattce over another cross pattee. I Cross, two limbs pattes, two moline.Around, inscription between two Aroimcl, inscription between iwocircles.
|circles.
[Cf. PI. III. 12.]
Description of Coins.
No.
14 WESSEX.
No. Obvorso.
12
13
14
15
IG
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
^EOELVVLF REX.\'<ir. I'dlct ill centre
Hcverae.
»t.MANINL TONETAWt. 17-8.
[I'l. II. 1.]
^E+)ELVVL-F REX
4<EOEL^VVLF4^ REXV(ir. Pellet in centre.
i^ECELVVLF REXVar. Pellet in centre.
i<EDELYYLE REXVar. Pellet in centre.
t-EOELVVLF REX
4^0$MVND M0NET7\Wt. MO.
^VVESLHESRD TOETRWi. 20-0.
^VVE7\LWE7\RDWt. 190.
t.YYELWE7XRDWt. 18-G.
"I^VVILhEH MONETSWt. 19 1.
Type i. var. a
i'E+)ELVVLF RE€e>^ J-NEREBEYLD MONETAVar. N^D : pellet Var. Pellet in centre
in centre.
^E4-)ELVVLF RRXVar. Pellets in field.
»1«ERFLVVLE OE«^
Wt. 191.
^NVNBEANT NONETWt. 22-6.
I-NVNBETXNT MONETWt. 20-0.
[PI. II. 2.]
Type ii.
«I«E4")ELVVLF REX 1 +D17\R MONETAFar. Pellets in type. | Wt. 17o.
[PI. II. 3.]
Moneycr.
Osmund.
Uueallienrd,
Uiiellicard.
Uuilheah.
Hereb'ald.
Hiinbearht.
Type iii.
>I*E+)ELVVLFE RE^Var. Pellet in type.
•^NEBEEA M0NET7\DOR
Wt. 190.
Wt. 18-5.
[PI. IT. 4.]
Var. Order of let-
ters in anjles of
cms.? [CNTY]Wt. 190.
Diar.
Hebeca ?
AETHELWULF. 15
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
Reverse. Moneyer.
Sertes B. Without Name op Mint.
Type iv.
J-AEOELVVCF REX I ^EANp>ALD MONETAI
Wt. 19-G.
[PI. II. 5.]
^E+)ELVVLF RE: X
REX
Type V.
J-DIAR I lONETAWt. 19-4.
•J-I-EREBEALD MOhETWt. 207.
L-F „ MVIANNA MONETAWt. 19-0.
L-F „ ^OJMVMD MOIN/ETWt. 21-2.
L-F „ ^0$MVND MONETAWt. 20-5.
[PI. II. 6.]
'fTORH->ALD MOhETWt. 18-7.
Type V. var. a.
•^SEOELVVLF REX I •i^OEEIDENTALlVMI
Wt. 200.
[PI. II. 7.]
Var. Pcllot opposite
each limb of
smaller cross.
Wt 20-2.
Type vi.
^E+)ELVVLF REX I t.DEIHEVH MONETAI
Wt. 23-3.
[PI. II. 8.]
Type vii.
^E-DELVVLF REX I fO^MVND MCNETAI
(Hlul<cli.)
[PI. IT. !».]
Eanwald.
Diar.
Herebeald.
Manna.
Osmund.
Torhtwald.
Xo Mone3'cr.
Deineali.
Osmund.
10 WE8SEX.
No.
AETHELWULF. 17
No.
18
AETHELWULF. 19
Reverse.
4<AEOELVVLF REXVar. Head iliadt-mcd.
Var. Head diademed.
^MAN-: \A\L MO N ETAWt. ^O'O.
^TIRVA LD MO N ETAWt. 22-7.
I-TORHT VLF MON ETAWt. 21-0.
»i«VERMV ND MON ETAWt. 20-7.
Type xviii.
4-AEOELVVL REX ^BRID TONETSWt. 21-4.
Muncj'cr.
i^SEOELVVLF REX ^VVILHESHVar. Tliree pellets
around central
letter.
Wt. 20-G.
[PI. III. 7.]
^f^lLHESH TOKETSVar. Tliree pellets
around central
letter.
Wt. 180.
Tijpe xix.
. . EDELVVLF [REX] I J-TT^N [NIN] C T(Fragment.)
[PI. III. 8.]
Type XX.
^AEOELYYLF REX I -i^DVN MONETA
Manna.
Tiruald.
Toilitulf.
Uerniund.
Brid.
Uuilhoah or
VVilheah.
[PI. III. 9.]
Type xxi.
^EOELVVLF REX I ^BEffCTVND
[PI. III. 10.]
•i'BEAQT'VND)> >)
)> »
Wt. 18-3.
Wt. 19 0.
Wt. 200.
JIaniiiuo.
Dun.
Beaf'niund,
4<BEA[L]T'VVND(IJrokon.)
20 WEflSEX.
80
87
88
89
90
EOELVVLF REX ^VVELMhEARP T\Vt. 19-7.
Type xxii.
4«SE€)ELYYLF REX I -J-OVN TONETA
[PI. III. 11.]
AVt. i:)0.
fSEDELYYLF REX I ^DYYN TONETffWt. 19-2.
Type xxiii.
•I<EOELYYLF REX I ^EOELHEREI
(Chiiii>od.)
rri. III. 12.]
^YYELHI-ESRDWt. 18-2.
Monpycr.
Uuulmhoard.
Dun.
ElSelherc.
ITuclhcard i>r
Uueliiiliciird.
AETHELBALD. •21
AETHELBALD.Succ. IN Wessex, a.d. 85G; in Kent, a.d. 858; died a.d. 860 or 8C1.
3Io7ieyers.
Beahmund. Tarhtulf.
Description of Coins.
No.
i2 WKH8EX.
AETIIELBEARHT.
Rice. IN Kent, fee* a.d. R^>H; in \Ve8hkx a.d. 801 ; mkk a.d. H(JG.
Moneij<ri<.
yT]1*icl-, nf-e KTiel-.
ISaill'IDIIIIll
UiiiltiioTi.
Ucainmind or lUiilinniml.
Iliiirniniid [or Uiarmio?>].
IManuiiiK;.
]{iirim.il<l.
Ciiil.iinl [Cealheard?].C( nrcd.
Ccuuoald.CuncfroTi [cf. Cynfrc^].Dialla.
Degliearht.
Oe-laf.
DtuciiHiud.
l)iarniod.
Eailulf.
Kaldred.Eicl^'oardEt^elhcre.
E?clui)>.
E?olr.iI.
E?elu.ald.Ebdulf.E?ered [= ESelred?].
II(;uJKarlit [ = IIercbtarlit ?].
Hen'l.fald.
HcTofn;?.Ill RKtard.H< rcinund.
Iluubearht.
Hunred.Lialjincpf.
Luecman or Lyccman ?
ManiDC [Manninc].NoTulf.
Osbearlit.
OsluTC.Sct'relS or Sclfrod.
SekTcd[= Selfred?].
Sii^clirrc.
Turlitimind.
Torhtulf.
Uerniunii?Uilitmund [Uiolitmund].rinu?> [Uiliio5?].
Ulaiiccard.
Uulfl.ear.l.
Uunhf-arlit or L'ynbcarht [cf.
Himboarht].Wilno't) [ = lino^'''].
Descriftion of Types.
Obverse. Reverse.
Typp. i.
Bust r., liair unbound. Around, in- 1 Moneyer's name, &c., upon limbs andscrijition betwceu two circles, di- between angles of cross formed ofvided by bust.
|beaded lines.
[Cf. PI. IV. ].]
(Similar to Aethelwulf, Type xvii.)
Type ii.
Bust r.. diademed. Around, inscrip-
tion between two circles, dividetl bybust.
Floriated cross with leaf in each anfjle.
Around, inscription between twocircles.
[Cf. ri. IV. 2.]
• lu Kent, Es*ex, Surrey aud Su:>6ex.
AETIIELBEARHT. 23
Description of Coins.
Obverse. Reverse.
Type i.
•I<AE£)ELBE7\RF REX
y
10
11
12
13
It
15
I^BA DEM
>Wt. 20-2.
•i<B7^DEN OO MON E-T--A-
Wt. 18-2.
•I-BEACM VND MO NETAWt. 18-8.
•I^BEAHT VND TO N ETSWt. 22-8.
•I^BEAHM VND MO NETAWt. l'J-7.
-I-BIARNVI : OD MO:N E :-TA
Wt. 208.
i-BmRNV INE MO NETAWt. 18-4.
4<BVRNV ALD MO N ETADot in euc'h anisic of
cro!S8. (Cliippud.)
^EEALE ARD MO N ETAWt. 20-t).
I-EENR ED MO N ETAWt. 20-0.
•t'EENVE ALD TO N ETAWt. 281t.
•J-EVNEFR ED MO NETAWl. 18-0.
^EVNEFR ED MO NETAWt. 2 10.
4^DEAL: L?f MO NETAWt. VJG.
•fOECBEA RR- MO N ETAWt. 21G.
Moneytr.
BadLiiuiiiil.
BadeiiolS.
Bcaj^niiiiKl or
liciiiimuiul.
Biiirmno<l.
Binrnuino.
Btiiuuald.
Cealeard.
Ccnicd.
Cfuucald.
CllIlc|lo^.
Dcalla.
Dogbcarlit.
24
AETHELBEARHT. 25
No.
26 W'KSHKX.
Nu.
AETHELUEI) I. 27
AETHEIiRED I.
Slcc. in Wessex, a.d. 863; in Kent, a.d. SOU; uieu a.d. 871.
Moneyers.
Miel-, see E?d-. Ella.
Buorneah or Biarncah [Boornhae]. E?elrerl.
Beornhae [cf. Beuriieah]. Heahiiiod.
Biaromod. Herebeald.
Burg^no^. Hereulf.
Cu^belm. Hussa.Dealla. Liabiiic[g].
Deneuald. l.ulla.
Diarulf. Maiin.
Diga. IMaimiuc.
Diidda, Dudd. Oshere.
Dunn. Toilitmund.
Elbcre. Uuiiie.
Description of Types.
Obverse.
Type i.
Bust r., diademed. Around, inscrip-
tion between two circles, divided l>y
bust.
Moneyer's name, &c., in tliroc lines
across field ; upper and lower por-
tions enclosed in lunettes.
[Cf. PI. IV. 3.]
Type i.
Same. Similar: inscription diiidtd by tico
lines icith curved ends.
Type ii.
Bust r., diademed. Around, inscrip-
tion between two circles, divided bybust.
Moneyer's name, «S:c., in four lines
acroos field, divided by three straiglit
lines ; the upper and lower ones
with curved ends.
[Cf. ri. IV. 4 ]
Type iii.
Facade of Cliristiau temple. Around,inscription.*
Cross crosslet, pellet in each angle.
Around, inscription between twocircles.
[Cf. n. IV. 5.]
Type iii. var. a.
Fa9ade of Christian temple, &c., sameas the preceding but of rude work.
Cross pattee. pelkt iu each angle.
Around, inscription between twocircles.
[Cf. ri. IV. 6.]
• Comp. " Xristiano Rcligio " coins of Charlemagne, Louis the Ptous, &c. The facade on Ihcsc
coins is piuliably that of St. T'eter's at Rouio.
•J8 WEHHEX.
Dehobiitiom ok COINH.
No. Moncycr.
Seuiich a. With Bcst.
Type i.
•i<AE+)ELRED RE-i^
REX
^EOELRED R EX
•i«7^EOELRED REX
10
11
^^EOELRED R EX
HhT^EDELRED REX
^TXEOELRED M REX
AOELERED REX
4«AE€)ELRED REX
HMOBIARNEANETA Wt. I'y5.
Var. HMOWt. 20-8.
Biarneah.
DMOBIARNVIONETA
DMOBIARNMONETA
liiariunfxJ.
Wt. I'J 5.
Wt. 190.
Var. DMO Wt. 200.
OD MOBIARNMNETA Wt. 19-4.
D MONBIARNVIOETA-.-
AETHELRED I. 29
No.
•M) WE88BX.
No.
^n
20
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
Obvrrae.
+AE+)ELRED REX
^AEOELRED „
i<AEOELRED REX
Rovcr»e. WowytT.
MONEOELRED
ETA
D MOEDELRENETA
LD MOl-EREBEANETA
MONHEREVLF
ETA
MONLIABINLETA
•M-^N.LVLLA:ETA-
MONMANNETA
. MON.MSNN•ETS-
[PI. IV. 3.]
\Vi. 17-7.
V,ir. MONWt. 20-3.
Wt 10-8.
VVt. 180.
AVt. 18-5.
Wt. 18-3.
Wt. 180.
Wt. 10-7.
Wt. 19-7.
HercbcuM.
Herenlf.
Liabinc.
LuUa.
Mann.
3i
35
36
37
Var. MONWt. 180.
Var. . MON .
ETAWt, 18-7.
Tor. : MON :•
•: ETA :•
Wt. ITS.
MONMANNINGETA Wt. 18-4.
Maniiinc.
AETIIELUEL) I. 31
No.
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
Obverse. Reverse.
'i'T^EOELRED REX
•^AEOELRE D REX
MONMANINCETA
MON05HERE
ETA
ND MOTORFTMVNETA
ND MTORHTMVONETA
.-.MON.VVlNEi-.-ETA-.-
Type ii.
: A :•
CVDHELMMONE
TA[PI. IV. 4.]
Wt. 20-5.
Var. MANINCWt. 20-2.
t'AEDELRED REX: A :•
TORHTMVKDMON
ET
Wt. lG-7.
Wt. 17-2.
Wt. 18-5.
Wt. 19-8.
Miiiipvcr.
Oshore.
Torlitimuid.
Wt. 200.
Wt. 180.
Fniiic.
Cu?.helm.
Toilitnnind
Series B. Withoit Bust.
Type iii.*
46 /EDELRE-D REX|XHEAHmOD MT Ilcalinind.
IWt. 21-5.
[I'l. IV. 5.]
47
Type iii. for. a.
^E-€)EL:R-ED- RE|+BE0RNHAE
[PI. IV. 0.]
Wt. 21 -G.
Beoruhae.
See Vol. I.i>. !)».
32 WEH8EX,
AELFRED.
Sicc. A.I). S7l ; HIED A.n. 'jOl.
Mmieycrs.
AImdcI.AdiK'iird [Kailuciinl V].
yKllHtim or Kirstiin (London).
yKlfwald or Klfuald.
^Criliif [or il':«iliilf ?] (Roieeng).
i'ET'cdntiiu or E?c'lstiin (( aiit( rlmry).
iE^crrd or Kl'cred (('iintcrburv;.
i5'>cl-, »*r nlno Ki"rl-.
Aluuiidii ? [AluiiiiM or Luda ?]
A7(diilf [= yErdulf].
IJi'agntan.
Bi'orniiuuT or Bourniiicr.
Bfornrcd or lifrnnd (Cauterlmnj).
Bercluild or Bcrntald [cf. Ikrnuald,&c.].
BerhtiTC.
Beriuald, Bcrnald, Birnuald, Hiiirn-
Uiild, Birnuald, BurnualdorByrn-uald, &r. (Canterbury, Oxford).
Biare?; [< r Biarnrtd ?j (Canterbury f ).
Jiiarnuulj.
Biarnrcd, Biornrcd (Canterbury).
Birnri'd [ = Birnrcd for Biarnrod, &c.].
Birued, (=<« Birnrod.
Boga.Bosa.Bri'fard.
Brnnod [for Biarnrcd?] (Canterbury;.
Buga [= Boga?].BurijTui'fi.
Bumhere or Byrnhcre.Bumelm or Byrnclni.
Cenred.
Cerman ? (Canterbury).Cialniod or Ciolmod [CiolnoT) ?].
Ciahilf or Cioluulf.
Circsriin or Hoirsirie?
CudU'rlit and Cu berbt.
Cuneulf or Cyneulf.Cui iiulf.
Dealine or Dealing.Dealla, Dela, \e.
Drigniund.l)iarald or Diaruald.Ditirhchtt.
Diarniund.Diaruald (Canterbury).Jfwld.
])>i(ii'icine.
Dudig.Duiiie for Duiiinc,
Dunna or Dunn.
Dunnine or Dunine (Cantirbury).Ktullifhn.
Eadslan.I'.aduald, Kadui aid, kc. (CaiiUrbury).Kad\ieard [i-f. AdueardJ.Kaduulf.Eaetati [= Eadstan].Ealduulf.
Eebcrlit.
Eeiiulf or Ecwulf.Edeulf [or Edwulf ?] (Canterbury).Eilelstan [= E<5el8tuu].
Elhi-n.
Elda.Elfstan (Canterbury).Elf-, ste also yElf-.
Eli (Batli).
Erieuuald.E' elhetih.
E? elmod.E^elmund,E^dred.El'eluine (Canterbury).E?.elulf.
E?el-, see also iE?el-.
ESered, see ^6ered.Ferlun ?
Fiih-ard.
Franhuld.Gni-uinc ?
Gelda.G«Wh-«Z/ [= Ciolwulf].Goda.Gu liere.
IlaMbert- [ = Bereliald or Btrehold].
Ileainilf (London)-Hi-beea ?
>leliean?
Hertliald.
Hirelxrt or Heribert (Lincoln).
Hereferd or HereferT* (Canterbury).Hereniod.Heremund.Hireuulf.Hunl>erlit..
lluutreS (Canterbury).Ida ?
ludclbard.
Eiabinr.
LiiijKuld.
Ludii or Lnde ILyde'].
AELFEED. 33
Ludeca or Liidig.
Lulla.
Luiihig.
Manninc.Moclf?Nebeca [Hebeca].Osgeard.
Oshcre.Osric.
Osuulf.
Reginrjfed [Iifging,vr'\.
Resaud ? (Canterbury).Sseris ?
Samson.Sefre«.
Sigcstef, Siestcf, &c.
Sigeuuald.
Simun.Stcfanus.
Tata.
Tidbald.Tilcfcin [Tileuinc?].
Tilouuine (London).Tikuoif [Tilouuine ?].
Tiruald or Tirueald (Canterbury).Torlitiiiund.
Uigbald or Uuigbald.Uuinc.Uuiniger, Uuinicr, &c.
Uulfard.
Uulfrcd or Uulfre^.Uuynberht or Wynbcrht.Wiard.
Description of Types.
Obverse. Reverse.
Type i.
Bust r , diadonicd. Around, inscrip-
tion between two circles, divided bybust.
Moncyer's name, &c., in three lines,
across field ; upper and lower por-
tions enclosed in lunettes.
[Cf. PI. VI. 1-2.]
Same.
Type i. var. a.
I
Similar : lunettes broken in centre of
curve.
[Cf. PI. VI. H.]
Same
Type i. rar. h.
I
Similar: lunettes broken at tlio angles.
[Cf. PI. vr, 4.]
Same.
Type i. rar. c.
Similar: inscription divided l>y twolines with curved cnd.s.
[Cf. PI. vr. ).]
Typr ii.
Bust r., iliaileiiied. Around, inserip- I ]M(ineyer's name, itc, within and witli-
tiun, divided \>\ bust; inner circle.|
out leaves of quatri'roil ; over whicli,
I
cross paltce with circle in centre and
I
wedges in angles.
[Cf, PI. VI. 0.]
m WKHSKX.
Revene.
Type iii.
In»rn'])tvm nrruvynl to fnrm n rroRn;
in i(irh iinijle of rrfi^n, a rnitipnrt-
vnnt cimtdiiiinij ti trr/iril *]{ppcif, andill ri litre, H'liuire oimpartmriit cm-It tin iiuj circle.
Opin f/untrff(>il ornnmml trifh rpinlre-
fiiil ill raiilrc. ; h:nvin (xijiiih) in ruKpn ;
moiicyrr's mime, Ac, in cumpartmetd*
iif qu'itre/oil.
[Num. Climn , vol. v. |). 14.]
Type iv.
riii4 r., <1i(i(hmed. Around, iiiscni
tiiin hitirccn two circles, di tided hy
l,H^t.
ip-
ini
Tico rude figures (lifinan Emperrrrf.')
facimi ; gh})e hitween them; ahtire,
rude hiigt with icings (angel). Around,inscription.
[Montftgu Coll.]
Type V
Bust r., (liadcmod. Around, inscrip-
tion, divided by bust.
Sanio.
Same.
Cross pattec within lozenge, from eachangle of which issues a beadedstraight line extending to edge ofcoin and dividing moneyer's name,lie. ; crossbar at each angle oflozenge.
[Cf. PI. VI. 7.]
Type V. rar. a.
I
Similar : no crossbar at angles of
Ilozenge.
[Cf. PI. VI. 8]
Type V. rar. h.
I
Similar : limb of cross moline T* at
jeach side of lozenge.
[Cf. PI. VI. a]
* Coins (soliili) of this typo were first stnick hy Vnleniinian I. a.d. 364-375 (sec Vol. I. p. 2,
ri. la .iiiii -•">. The spr.iineii in Mr. Moiitaini's collection is uiiii|ue.
AELFRED. 35
Obverse. Reverse.
Type vi.
Bust r., diademed. Around, inscrip-
tion.*
Name of mint in monngrnni fVvpv(Londonia) : ornaments in r^slj/field.
[Cf. PI. V. 2-6.]
Type vii.
Very rudo bust r. Around, moncyer's I Name of mint in monogram iVvrvname, I (Londonia) : ornaments in r^\lil
Ifield.
[Cf. n. V. 7.]
Type viii.
Rude bust r., diademed. Around,moneyer's name. (LincoUa) : ornaments in M^sT
field.
Name of mint in monogram(Linfield
[Cf. PI. IV. 14.]
Type ix.
Bust r., diademed. Around, inscrip-
tion.
Name of mint in monogram |Vvr\(Londonia) between money- \y\j})er's name, &c., in two lines
across field : ornaments in field.
[Cf. PI. V. 8.]
Type X.
Small cross pntt^e. Around, inscrip-
tion in four divisions.
Name of mint in monogram {Londonia)between moneyer's name, Ac, iti ttrn
lines across field : small cross paU€ebefore arid after monogram.
[Num. Chron., 1870, PI. iv. 8]
Type xi.
Small cross pattee. Around, inscrip-
tion in four divisions between twocircles.
Name of moneyer in monogram Parbetween name of mint (I, in- " B E-
coUa) in two lines across Held.
[Cf. PI. V. 1.]
• A Penny of this type, of barbarous fabric, with bust to left, was in tlie Murchison Collectii'n.
It is described in the Sale Catalogue, IH66, No. 189.
D 2
.'u; WE8HEX.
Ol»ver«e.Reverse.
'J'ljlii' xii-
\\un\ r Artniml, in-nriji Namn of mint in monosrrain ^t^(lioisong ?) Ixdwcen nionfjtT'H niiiiK-,
&c., in two lines acroaa field.
[Cf. n. V. 12]
Type xiii.
Small cross pattc'o. Around, namoa i In centre yj^. Around, name of St.
of kina and mint (Dorolicrnia) bo- Eadmund between two circles.
[Cf. ri. IV. 8.]
1 ween two circles.
Similar: name of kin^ only.
Type xiii. rar. a.
ISame.
[Cf. ri. VI. 10.]
Type xiv.
Small cross patte'e. Aroimd, inscrip- I IMoneycr's name, &c., in two lines
tion between two circles, generally across field : ornaments,
in three or four divisions.I
[Cf. PI. VI. 11-1.^).]
Tyjic XV.
Small cross patte'e. Around, inscrip-
tion in three divisions and between
two circles.
IMoneyer's name, &c., in two lines
across field, divided by three crosses
patte'cs.
[Cf. PI. VI. lG-17.]
Type xvi.
Small cross patte'e. Around, inscrip-
tion between two circles.
V T at extremities of even-limlx>d
Ncross*: REX in .ingles
[Cf. PL VI. 18]
Type xvii.
Small cross patte'e. Around, names of
king and mint (Dorobemia) between
two circles.
Moneyer's name. See., in two lines
across field : ornament-.
[Cf. PI. IV. !»-ll.]
TyiK xviii.
Names of king and mint (Orsnaforda)
in three lines across iiehl : oina-
mints.
IMoneyer's name, Arc, in two linosacross fielil, divided by three crossespatte'os : ornaments.
[Cf. PI. V. 9-10.]
AELFRED. 37
Obverse. Reverse.
Tyjie xix.
Names of king ami mint (OrsnaforJa)in throe lint-a across field : orna-ments.
Monoyer's name, &c., in two linea
aeross licld, divided by long cross ontwo steps, sideways ; pellets in
angles of cross : oruameuts.*
[Cf. PI. V. 11.]
Bust r., diademed. Around, inscrip
tion.
Type XX.
"P limbs extended by beaded lines to
edge of coin dividing name of mint,
&c. ((.Ucawaceaster).
[Cf. PI. IV. 13.]
Tyjie xxi.
Name of king, &c., in four lines across I First three letters of mint (Exanccasterfield.
I
and Winccaster) in pale : ornaments.
[Cf. PI. IV. 12 and V. 13.]
Tyi^e xxii.
Name of king, &c., in four lines across I Name of moneyer, &c., in two lines
field.I
across field : in field, pellets.
[a. PI. V. 14-15.]
Ty2)e xxiii
Small cross patte'o. Around, inscrip
tion between two circles and fre
quently in three divisions.
Moneyer's name and mint (Ba'^an) in
two lines across field : ornaincnts.
[Cf. PI. IV. 7.]
* In the Cuerdale find was a Halfpenny of this type. It is a debased imitation, the cross havingno steps, and the legends being blundered. It is figured in the -Yum. Cliron. vol. v. p. li'2.
«8 WEHHKX.
Dewchiition ov Coins.
No. Obvorito.
AELFRED. 39
No.
40 WESSKX.
No.
AELFRED. 41
No.
42 WESaEX.
No.
AfiLFREt). 43
Ne.
44 WE8HEX.
No.
AELFRED. 45
No.
10 WESHEX.
Nil.
AELPRED.
Kcversf Moneyer.
84
85
8G
87
88
89
90
91
92
LONDONIA.[Londuu.]
Type vi.
>CrhRD REX [V- (N (LONDONIA).b^Viy relkts in O;
[ri. V. 2.]
/elfre::: D rex
/ELFR ED REX
/ELFR ED REX
"^ I) >> )>
/E „
above, • • • ; below,
Wt. 230.
Wt. 250.
Pellets in O
;
ftbove and on left,
pyramid of dots
;
below, cross pat-
te'e.
Wt. 23-4.
Pellets in O
;
above, cross pat-
te'c ; below, pyra-mid of dots ; onleft, -•
Wt. 23-8.
Wt. 25-5.
Pellets in O
;
above, cross pat-
tec ; below, pyra-
mid of dots.
Wt. 23-5.
Wt. 240.
Pellets in O
;
alx)vc, cross pat-
ttic ; below, ...
;
on left, • • •
Wt. 243.
One pellet only in
O ; alA)ve, cross
pattoe ; below, •!•
Wt. 250.
[PI. V. 3.]
No Moneyer.
48 W ESSEX.
No.
AELFRED. 49
Obverse. Reverse. Moneycr.
/EL.. . D REX
/ELFR I
ELFR... EX
ELFR E
ED RE-i*
ELFR +
.. FR
/ELFRED RE
LF IE
Fragments.
[PI. V. ;-).]
(LONDON I A) partly
seen.
Pellets in O ; alx)ve,
cross patte'e.
Below, cross patte'e.
Pellets in O; below,
No ornaments in
field.
Crossline of N runsupwards
; pellets
in O ; below,
cross patte'e.
Halfpennies.
m[PI. V. G.]
(LONDONIA).Pellets in O
;
above, cross pat-
te'e ; below, .-.;
on left •!
Wt. 8-0.
No pellets in O ; onleft, :•
Wt. 107.
Type vii.
"EROT ;• BOLT(Parbarou.^.)
(LONDONIA).\y\^ Above nn<l below, •'.
IWt. 22-2.
[PI. V 7.1
No Moneycr.
No jMoneycr.
Uncertain.
50 WK8HEX.
Ill
115
IIG
117
lis
ll'.t
120
Kcvcree.
TiJi,r' ix.
/ELFR:- !- ED RE AELF-i-
!
^TAN1
[PI. V. 8.]
\Vt. 22().
/ELFR-t- 4^ED REX
4-7\ELF RED REX
/ELF... . EX
|-£AE^ Vur. Aljove
IV)[^ J. monogram.
[yS^y cross puttue.
VVLF4-\Vt. 24 0.
TILEVINE
M0NETA
Jl....
(Fragment.)
Wt. 28-2.
Moneycr.
/Elfstftn.
Heauulf.
Tilouino.
•4-RSN7\/ELFREDF^o:RDA
•9-RSHAELFRED'I'F-4-RDA
•o:RSNA/EFRED>^F^b;RBA
ORSNAFORDA.[Oxford.]
Type xviii.
BERIV
ALDIO
[PI. Y. 9.']'
BERIVJ< ^ 4^
ALDM^.
BERII7Xi" "^ "^
TtLDMO
Wt. 22-0.
Wt. 22-5.
Wt. lS-3
Uncertain.
Boriuald(Bcmuald ?).
Bemald( = Bemuald).
AELFRED. 51
No.
52 WESSEX.
131
l.li
133
134
135
136
137
138
13!)
140
<i|)vor»e.
AELFKED. 53
Obverse.
•9-RcoHAELFRED.I<F-9-RDI
OVSII7SELFRID"^F-6)RD7^
:b::RSHAELFRED«i«F«:RDI
ORSNAELFREDFOR DA
•*RCV)HAELFRED^F-9-RDI
ORSNAELFREDFOR DA
•6-RSl/IA
ELFRED^F-»RDI
ilouej-er.
BERIIV•I* Hh ^ALDIIO
BERHV
ALDUO
BERIIVJ* !< ^ALDIIO
BERIIVi* ^ i*ALEDI
BERIV4« .J. ^ALEDIO
BERIIV^ ^ ^
ALRDIIO
BERIIV•^ 4^ 4^
ALRIIO
Wt. 20-7.
Wt. 22-5.
Wt. 20-4.
Wt. 22-1.
Wt. 22-0.
Wt. 20-0.
Wt. 20-9.
Blvndeuki) Pennies.
iwmiamd33FiaiA
OHiilAa3ydi3DhORDA
•o-ABIIA
XEFFREDFiZcollV
BERNV4^ ^ ^ALDNO
BI3FIIV
i* t' ^ALDMO
Ji ^ 4^
vrano
Bernuald.
Wt. 21-2.
Wt. 21-8.
Wt. 207.
54 WESSEX.
No.
AELFRED. 55
Obverse. Reverse.
PINCEASTER.[Wincliester.]
Type xxi.
156
157
4*;kelFREDREX SAXOMVM
^AEL[F]RED R[EX]SAX
[PL V. 13.]
Wt. 24-6.
(Fragment.)
Moneyer.
No Moneyer.
Series B. Without Name of Mint.
158
159
56 WKSflEX,
N...
IGO
IGI
1G2
16:5
lOi
165
166
167
168
169
IlcvcrHC.
Type i.
I-aelbred:-: rex
:••• REX
•i^AELBRED RE
REX
^AELFRED: REX
»i<AELBRED: REX
n ty
^ELFRED REX
•i^AEBBRED REX
• MJ^N-l-BO • SA :
• ETA-
AELFRED. 57
No.
58 WESSEX.
No.
178
i7y
ISO
181
182
183
184
185
186
Obverso.
AELBRED RE^*
Revenc.
MON4-DVINCETA .•
[I'l. VI. o.]
Wt. 15 5.
[Hh?^ELFRJED REX
T///)e ii.
[EO ERJ E • D M • [ONET|A
(Fragment.)
[PI. VI. 6.]
}<7\---ELFRED REX
Tyjye v.
I
4<DI AR MV NDVar. Ends of bead-
I
dl line floriated.
I Wt. 10-3.
[PI. VI. 7.]
^/ELFRE D REX $
D REX-:- S7\X
+7XELFRED REX SAX(Legend undivided.)
ELFRE D REX
. ED REX $AX(Legend undivided.)
D R
DVI/1 \A7\ -.- MOH ETAVar. Opiiosite each
side of lozenge, .-.
(Broken.^
EOLE M ETAVar. Oj)posite oneside of lozenge,
small cross.
(Fragment.)
LVL LA-.- MON ETAWt. 22-2.
^OT RH TM ViSDVar. Dot opposite
each side of lo-
zenge.Wt. 17-0.
LF MON ETVar. Cross opposite
each side of lo-
Moncyer.
Duinc(Duniuc?).
E«ered?
zenge.
(Fragment.)
LVV(Fragment.)
Diarmund.
Dunna.
E^elmod.
Lulls.
Torhtmund.
Uncertain.
Uncertain.
AELFRED. 59
No.
60 we8sp:x.
No.
AELFRED. 61
No.
62 WESSEX.
No.
'217
218
21'>
220
221
222
223
224
225
22(;
Obverse. RcvcrM.
-hr-L FH ED RE
4^EL FRED RE
I-EL FR ED RE
^ „ „ „ „
AEL FRE DREX
7\EL .,
TlfEL FRE DREX-:
BVGn
MON
BHNH
ERE
BVRN
EREA
BVRN
ELM-t-
BVRH
ELM4<
Wt. 24-4.
Var. Oriia-
mintn, •'. '.-
Wt. 240.
Wt. 24 0.
Wt. 260.
Wt. 24 4.
Wt. 20-5.
Wt. 2H-5.
Wt. 240.
V(tr. Oina-ment.-',
Wt. 24-4.
[PI. VI. 11.]
228
Z(EL FRE DREX
EL FR ED REX
+/EL FR ED RE
BVRN
AELFKED. 63
No.
64
AELFRED. 65
No.
m WEHSEX.
No
AELFRED. (J7
No.
08 NVKSSEX.
No.
AELFRED. 60
No.
7U WRRHKX.
No.
811
'Mb
SIG
817
81»
319
320
821
322
323
Obrenw.
+EL FR ED RE
HhAE LFR ED RE
4<EL FR ED RE
ReverM. Moncyer
4«EL ER ED REX
4«AE LFR EDR E
^EL FR ED RE
>> >> »>
•i«REFDiiRHAED RE'
^EL FR ED RE
EOELV
HEM*
EOELV
LFM*
Wt. 21-2.
Wt. 21-3.
E«i-lalf.
Var. Oriia-
inoutH,
Wt 22-7.
Wt. 21-5.
EDERE
DlM)<l/l
EOER
EDM*
EOERE
DM+ N
EBRVE
EBM*
FER
LVN
Wt. 220.
\Vt. 22-5.
Wt. 23 4.
AVt. 23-7.
Wt. 20-5.
AVt. 200.
E^ered.
Ferlun ?
AELFRED. 71
No.
321
325
32G
327
328
320
330
331
332
333
3;ii
Obverse.
^EL FR ED RE
^ „ ,. » „
^ ., » „ „
^[EL FR]„ „
EL XH RE ED
4^EL FR ED RE
^EL FR ED RE
fEL FR ED RE
3f\Q3 f\3 J3J{
WESSRX.
N...
HS/i
!t3);
837
338
339
310
341
312
343
314
315
31G
()l)vcriic.
XEL FR ED RE
Hh ..
^ELX,.
><EL „ „ „
4<ELF RED RE-:-
><EL FR ED RE
«i«EL FR ED RE
^E LF RE DRE
•l-AID ID D RE
•I-EL ED ED RE
AELFRED. 73
No.
71 WE88EX.
Ni..
X)'.)
•MO
;jGi
30li
•M:i
3G1
365
30(3
3G7
3G8
3G'J
370
Obverse.
EL FR ED REX
ELFRED REX 5
J<EL ER ED RE
^'EL FR ED RE
EL FR ED RE
,, ,, „ REX
•JhEL FR ED RE
EL FR ED REX
» » )» »
RcVCfHC. Monoyer.
LVDIC
LVDIC
MON
• R7\V
05VV
LFMO
05VVL
FMOM
o$vv
FMON
OiVVL
FMOUE
S/ERIS
IHIVI
ZILE
VVSLD
SI M VN
MEFEt-
[I'l. VI 13.1
Wt. 24 0.
\Vt. 180.
LVLLA
MOMET Wt. 20 7.
AA0EL
IHOINrWt. 12 8.
Wt. 20-8.
Wt. 23-2.
AVt. 23- 1.
Wt. 230.
Wt. 23-9.
Wt. 20-2.
Wt. 22-5.
Wt. 20 0.
Lulla.
Moelf?
Uncertain.
Osuulf.
Saaris?
Sigcuuald.
Simun.
AELFRED. 75
No. Reverse. Moncyer.
371
372
373
374
375
370
377
37S
379
380
381
382
EL FR ED RE
^EL FR ED RE
% „ „ „ „
ELFRE DR EX
EL ER ED REX
I-EL FR ED RE
ztf:-
AMVS
tile:-
VOIE
TILE :
vvine;-
TILE •
VVNE
TILE
VVNE
Var. Four pellets
aiouud cross.
AELFRED RE
"t-EL FR ED REX
Wt. 19-4.
Wt. 19-3.
Wt. 21 0.
Wt. 23 •->.
Wt. 25-0.
Wt. IOC.
Stefuuus.
Til. uoie
(Tileuuine ?).
Tileuuiiic.
TILE-.-
76
No.
883
asi
:{85
3SG
387
388
389
3U0
301
392
393
Olivcrsc.
4.EL FR ED RE
+ ..
4* ,
+EL ER E[D] RE
+EL FR ED RE
^ „
>> >i >>
EL FR ED RE
^ „
4-ELFRED RE
WESSKX.
AELFRED.
No.
78 WE88EX.
No.
400
•J07
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
ObvcMc.
Hh/EL FR ED RE
/EL .-.FRE DRE
/EL FRE DRE
/EL FRE-.- DRE
I-AE LFR EDR E
J^/EL FR ED RE
i«REIH^m EXI
•i«EL FR ED RE
^EL FR EDRE
•i'EL FR ED RE
I-/EL F REDRE
Rcvcnie.
VVLF
RED^J*
VVLF
RED-.-
VVLF
RED
Wt. 230.
Wt. 23 7.
Wt. 24 0.
Var. Oina- . . .
mcnts,
Wt. 23 6.
VVLF
REDM
^JVV
Wt. 23-2.
Wt. 22-8.
Moni-yer.
VVLF
RIEDI^
AELFRED.
So.
80 WERBKX.
No.
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
43G
437
438
Obrewe. Rcvcnto. Moncycr.
Fhagmenth oil IlAI.I-ri:NNIE8.
L FR ED. . VRNV
MX
^'EL
. . . FR ED . .
4-. . . . ED RE
D RE
T^EL .. .. REX
ERHT[PI. VI. 14]
RHT
DVDIG
!
-^
j
COD
1 VVLF
Halfpennies.
4-EL • RF • DRE •
.\AR\B
"IQM-f
[PI. VI. 15.]
^/ELFR ED HE
ELF FD REX
^•ELFBDENAba(Inscription reatlinj:
ritrlit to kit, from
luluw.)
^/ELFRFDEE
EVDB
ERHT
laVD
Tiaa
DRVI
ADII-f
EADV
VT^LD
Byrnuald ?
Cudberht?
Dudig.
God a.
Uulfred ?
Bimuald ?
Wt. 100.
Cudberht.
Wt. 9-5.
Wt. 7-4.
Wt. 9 0.
Wt 7-7.
Unrortaiu.
Eailuuald.
AELFRED. 81
No.
82 WESSEX.
No.
( «3 )
EADWEARD THE ELDER.
SCCC. AD. 901 ; DIED A.D. 925.
Moneyers.
Abba.AdalberJit.
Adualcl.
iE^elfred ?
^iehed.JE^elstan, Eielstan, &c.
JSScluuine.^^eluulf, AiehiJf, &c.
^8el-, see also ESel-.
.^Sered [iE«elred ?].
Agnes.Alhstan or Ealbstan.
A«ulf.Badda.Beahstan.Beamed [= Bcornred ?].
Beornere.Beomfert.Beornred or Biornred.
Beornuuald, Bermiuald, or Biuinuuald,&c.
Beornuidf.Berlitred.
Berngar.Biorhald [Biornald? = Bt'orniaudd?'}.
Biornard, Byrnard, &c. [= Beornrod ?].
Biornhelm [= Byrnelin].
Boiga, Boga, &c.
Brece or Brege.Briht {London).BryMwald.Buga [cf. Boiga].
Burden ?
Bumelm or Byrnelm.Cenhriht.
Ciolulf.
Clip.
Cudberbt.
Cutfer^ ?
Crjnestan.
Deora, Diora {^Deoramod ?]
Dcorniod, Deoramod.Deornrtd [= Beornred?].Deoruuald.Dryhtwald [= Bryhtwald?'].
Dudig.Durlac, see purhtc.
Eadered or Eadfrcd ?
Eadhelm.Eadmuiul.
Eaduuald.Ealbstan.
Eardwulf.Eared [Eadred ?].
Earnicidf.
Earward.EaiL-idf.
Eclaf or Ellaf?Edelgar.Eicmimd, Eignmnd.Eofrmund.Et'ile.
E^elwulf [see iE«cluulf],
Faniien.Framuuis.FrioUdf.Fri^.
Fri^eberbt, FriMberhf, &c.
Gaeald ?
Gareard.
Garulf.
Grimwald.Gundherlit.
Gunne.Gtinter.
Hadebald or Ha^ebahl.Heardber.Herebald.
Heremfretia ?
H( rcmod.He^ul?IIItnfred.Hunlaf.Igereii.
lofermimd.Irfara.
lua.
Landc-B ?
Lanfcr.Lioflielm.
Magiiard.
Mann.Marbert.
Odn.
Onlulf.
Oslac.
Osulf.
7Vj.>i/or.
ritit.
Rrogenulf.
liiunard, liinard, Sec.
84 WE88EX.
Itiornhed ? [or Riomred f].
Hiplirnnd.
Sip-t.
iSim/«[rt/<Z ?].
Stear.
Tilii [or Tisa"], see Etilc.
Turhthdm.Twin.lUf.
Uiiak'inan ( 11 alhnan).
Uuarmor.Uuealdhclm.
Utwfred [Uun/rcdy}.Uil/rf'd
•>
Uuilhif\_UyUa'].
Uulf-^'iir.
Uulfli.jard [Uulfanl].
IJulfrcd.
Unl/nlge.
Uvid)crht or Wynbcrbt.\Valt<rc.
Wan'mcr [= Uuarmcr].Wujhard.^\' ill' gear.
purlac.
Description of Types.
Obverse. Reverse.
Type
Name of king, &c., in four lines across
field.
First three letters of mint across field ;
above and below, ornaments.
[Cf. PI. VII. 1.]
Type ii.
Small cross pattc'c. Around, inscrip-
tion between two circles.
Moneyer's name, &c., in two lines
across field ; crosses, pellets, i'c,
Bymmetrically arranged in field.
[Cf. PI. VII. 2-5.]
Type iii.
Bust, 1., generally diademed. Around,
inficription between two circles.
Moneyer's name, tSrc, in two lines
across field ; crosses, pellets, &c.,
symmetrically arranged in field.
[Cf. PI. VII. 6-9.]
Type iv.
Rude bust, r. Around, inscription
U'tween two circles.
Moneyer's name, &c., in two linesacross field; crosses, pellets, &c.symmetrically arranged in field.
[Cf. PI. VII. 10, 11.]
EADWEARD THE ELDER. 85
Obverse.
Type V.
Small cross 2Mtt^e within circle. Around, I Moneyer's name across field, divided by
inscription. saltire formed of rosette and four bn rs
Ipomm^s ; above and below, cross patte'e.
[Trans. Chester Arch. Soc., 1864.]
Type vi.
Rosette icithin circle. Around, inscrip-
tion.
Moneyer's name, dec., in two lines across
field, divided by pellet between two
rosettes of dots ; above and below,
curved lines pommes, enclosing pellets.
[Trans. Chester Arch. Soc., 186i.]
Type vii.
Small cross patte'e. Around, inscrip- I Moncyer's name, &c., across .ficlJ and
tion butweeu two circles. |between two lines.
[Cf. PI. VII. 12.]
Same.
Type vii. var. a.
I Similar ; no lines above ami below
Imuneyor'd name.
[Cf. PI. VII. 13.]
Small cross patteo. Around, in.scrip
tion between two circles.
Type viii.
Moncyer's name across field ; abovoami beluw, star of eight rays pom-mes.
[Cf. ri. VIII 1]
8(1 WESSEX.
Obvcrao. Reverse.
Hniall croHB imlU-c. Around, inacrip
liou botwutn two circles.
Type ix.
MoDcyer'a nnmfi, &c., acroBS field, Bur-
uiounted or ilividtd by floral de-
sign.
[Cf. ri. VIII. 2-9.]
Type
l^mnU crosf patt&. Around, inKcrlption
Wtiveen tiro circles : border of dots.
Moneyer^a name across field; above bird
l,feeding fn/m branch (Dove and olive
brunch) ; below, '": border of dots.
[Riul. n. 16, 7 and 16.]
Type xi.
Small cross pattoc. Around, inscrip- I Hand of Providence from clouds;
I
moneyer's name, &c., in field.tion between two circles.
[Cf. PI. Till. 10-12]
Type xii.
Small cross pattc'o. Around, inscrip-
tion between two circles.
Moneyer's name, &c., in two lines
across field, divided by building(fa9ade of church?).*
[Cf. PI. VIII. 13, 14]
Type xiii.
Small cross pattoe. Around, inscrip
tion between two circles.
Moneyer's name, &c., across field
;
above, lino, on w^hich church ; be-
low, cross patte'e.
[Cf. PI. VIII. 15.]
Type xiv.
Rose formed by cross pomme'e with i Moneyer's name, &c., in two lines
Voided centre over cross moline. across field ; cross, voided in centre,
Aruuiul, inscription between two ' between two circles dividing legend
;
circles. above and below, A.
[Cf. PI. VIII. 16]
• This fafade much resembles the type of the Prsetorian Gate on coins of Constantine the Great
and hie successors.
EADWEARD THE ELDER. 87
Description op Coins.
No.
88 WESSEX.
No. ObvcfBC.
10
11
12
13
14
15
IG
17
•pEADVVEARD REX
^E«DVVEZ[RD „
HhETXDVVET^RD „
^EADVVEARD „
E7\DVVE7\RD REX
«5<E7SDVVEXCRD REX
I<E7\DVVE7XRD REX
» >)
EZfDVVEARD REX
'i'EADVVEARD REX
AOEL+|h ^ .f.
VLFMO
TJOEL't'
^ ^ ^VLFM"©
AEBEL*A^ *A^ *i*
VVLFMO
/ECER•^ ^ ^
EDM~0>^
/E€)ER^ ^ ^EDMO>i<
/EOER^ ^ ^EDMO
/EOER
EDMO
/EOER
EDMO
BEAHX4^ >!-< iXi
TANMO
Wt. 21-5.
Vit. 24 7.
Wt. 27-4.
"\Vt. 24 2.
Wt. 24-5.
Moii'-yr.
iE«cluulf.
Miered.
[PI. VII, 2.J
Wt.
EADWEAED THE ELDEE. 89
No.
90 WESSEX.
No.
EADWEARD THE ELDER. 91
No.
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
Obverse.
^EADWEARD RE^
"I'EADVVEARD REX
"^EX^DVVETJRD REX
^EADWEARD REX
^ETXDVVEARD REX-
EZtDVVETXRD REX
Reverse.
02 WESSEX.
No.
EADWEARD THE ELDER. 93
No.
94 WE88EX.
No.
EADWEAED THE ELDER. 95
75
7G
77
78
79
80
81
8'2
«i<EADVVEARD RX
Reverse.
BIORW^ 1^ .J.
VLDUO
[PI. VII. 6.]
Wt. 19 3.
•i^EADVVESRD REX
I^EADVVEARD REX
»i<EADVVEARD REX
CVDB* • *ERNT^
DVDIG
MONE
DVDIC4* !< "^
MON •
.'. <i* •
ealh's4* ^ 4"
TANMO
Biornuuald.
[PI. VII. 7.]
i«EADVVEARD REX
Wt. 25-7.
Wt. 2t-3.
(Double struck.)
(Broken.)
Wt. 25-4.
^3flaflA3VVaA3>i<
^EADVVEARD REX
.'. 4< .'.
FRAMVJ* 4* I'VISM-O
viiAflk'
•J" ^ •t'
OIISIV
DAREJ, ^ 4,
ARDM"0
GRIMP•^ •!• 4^
ALDM'O
Wt. 24-8.
Wt. 27-7.
Wt. 23 4.
Wt. 24-5.
Cudberht.
Dudig.
Ealhstan.
Frnmuuia.
Qaroard.
Grimwftld.
on WESSEX.
No.
EADWEARD THE ELDER. 97
No.
98 WEBSEX.
No.
EADWEAED THE ELDER, 99
No.
105
Obverse.
"J-EADVVEARD REX
106
107
108
109
110
111
Reverse.
OiVLF Above and below,
curved branchesforming 3.
Wt. 24-6.
[PI. VIII. 9.]
Type xi.
»i<EADVVEARD REX AL HJ Var. Hand open,TA N witli crucilbrm• MO nimbus.
Wt. 21-8.
[PI. Vm. 10.]
R REX A Q Var. Hand open,L vfithout nimbus.
V FZ
[PI. VIII. 11.]
wt. 24-4.
D X Var. Hand givingDE or benediction (La-MO DM tin—third and
»i< fourth fingers
closed).
Wt. 240.[PI. VIII. 12.]
Type xii.
EA DVm ND
•i^EADVVEARD REX
[PI. VIII. 13.]
•i«EADVVEARD • REX IR FARA MO
[PI. VIII. 14.]
'Type xiii.
•i^EADVVEARD REX VVLFLAR
[PI. VIII If).]
Wt. 251!.
Wt. 18 4.
Wt. 24 C.
Monevcr.
Osulf.
Alhstan(Ealhfitan).
A«ulf.
Deormod.
Eadmund.
Irfara.
I'^ulfgnr.
II 2
100 WE8HEX.
No.
( 101 )
AETHELSTAN.Succ. A.D. 925; died a.d. 9i0 or 941.
Moneyers.
Abba [= Abun ?] (Chester).
Abonel (Hertford, Muldon).Abun (Exeter).
Adelbert ( York).
Mlfno-f>.
Alfred (Wareham).JElfric or Elfric (Canterbury).uElfntan (I.ondf.n).
^Ifwald (London).
Mlfwine (Chester).
MU-, see also Elf-.
jE^elberM.jESclfcrS (Canterbury).
^^elra [.^ helmed?] (Winclioster).
JBSelmod [ASclmod].Jb'iehioTS or E«elnoT> (Derby, Notting-
ham).JE^elred (York).
JE^elsige (Cwderhury).JE^elstan [yE^elstaii].
iESelwold [cf. Ha«elwold] (Glou-cester).
JE^elicine (Shaftesbury).
JE^cl-, see also AiSel-.
JHiered (Chester, London).Alet.
Alfeah.Alhstan.
Amclric (Winchester).
Arc [Ere ?].
Arnulf, Arnalf, &c. (York).
Asalf or Asulf.
Aielm [A<5elraod or A<5elmund]
( WalUmjford).A^elmodA^elmund.A^elwold.
A^elwnlf ( Winrlirster).
A«el-, see also vESel.
A^ulf ( Winchester).
Balilric.
Ihdd trine.
Barbo (Norwich).Bardel or Burdcl (Norwich).
Barifer^ \_l>(irnj'erd !'].
Beahrcd or Ih-anred (London).Belcja or Brlfje.
Beorard [cf. Beorncard] (Chester).
Beorhtidf or Biorhtulf (Batli, Dart-mouth').
Bconiwald and Byrnwald (Walling-ford, Warchani).
Berhtelm [Berhtliel] Byrhthehn, &c.(Langport, Siirewslmry).
Bernard [cf. Beorneard].Bernere.
Btrngar.
Biorhtric.
Biorhtivald [= Bryhtuald].Biorneard, Biarnmrd, &c. (London).Boiga or Boigalet (Chester, Derby).Brylituald.
Burhtehn [cf. Berhtelm] (Ward-borough).
Burdel [= Bardel?} (Norwich).Burneld.Burnhelm.Bus?Byrhtehn, see Bcrlitelm.Byruwald (AValliugford).
Cenapa or Cnapa (Chester).Cenherht or Enberht (Shrewsbury).Cialelm.
Clac.
Clad?CnaTi ? (Chester).
Credard.Cristign.
Cugeli ?
Cugem ?
Cunidf.
Cyneivald.
Begn.Deorerd (Chester).
Dcorulf or Diorulf (Chester).Deoruuidd, Diarnwdd, lic.
Domences, Dominic, &c. [ = DominicuslBorlfe?Drylituald [= Bryhtuald?].Duriaiit.
Eadgar (Norn-irk).
Eadqild (dniferhury).Eadiaf or Eadiilf (Chester).Eadmund or Edmund ((Jln:ator,Sknu-s-
bury).
Eadric (Lewes ?).
Eadstun.Eadulf.Ealkst,in.
Eardulf (Oxford, Stafford).Enrnnlf.Eel H Tilt (York).Ecgkcrd (Sh rtwsbury).Eclaf or Ellaf (London).
102 WESSEX.
E<lr<<l [Fadrod] (Shrowsbury).
Klranl (("I.ihI.t).
Kifillxrhl V lluigilbcrhl ?].
Phnnrd.Ele? (^Lnmlon).
Elfric, «ee MUrio.Elfwie.
Elf-, »ev ftlHo MM:Elhif, i>.'e Ei'liif.
J^iiqiUHrht, luiiplberht, &c.
Euferimmd, E/ermund, &c. (Shrews-bury).
Eranl [= Efmrd ?] (Chester).
Ere (London).
.Brjc.
Etram {Canti^hury).
E?>el-, «ee ^Xcl-, or A^el-.
Faicle [Pawlo?] (London)Folcred.
Fram.Fmrd [= Efrard] (Chester).
Fre^<ird.
Fri^ehriht.
Frotgcr, Frofger (Shrewsbury).Frotierm ?
Fugel.Fulrad.Gareard (London).
Garidf.Genard [= Conard?] (Exeter).
Giencea ?
Giongbald (Norwich).GislGislemer.Gota.
Grimicald {London).H.rgenrede (Derbij).
Hargi'r [= Hcrigar?].
Ua^elberht [JETSelberht?}.
Ha>olwold [^Selwold?].Hcldalt (York).
Herebtar?Horntod.ILni<'(r>ath).
lUdulf lllildulf].
Hrodear [= HroSgar] (Norwich).Hiiugar.
Hunlif (Hereford).
Hunric.Igere or Here (London).Jlde})erht.
Inga.
higellwrld.
Ingelric (Oxford).
lohann.
Ismll= Snel?].
Landac?Lei\tric ( Wincliester).
Liting, i/()i*/;ij7, &c. (Xoncich).Liofliehn (Lomlon).Litihuan (London).
Mn^ldomon (ChoBtcr).
Miurtcn (Chester).
Magnard.Mali.Manna, Manne, Man, &c. (Canterbury,
London, Norwich, Tamworth).Manninc.Mantian (Norwich).M(Cf-ehr<,hl7 [= IlaTSelwold or Mf>ii\-
woldV](Oj/orr/).
MegenfreiS (Canterbury).
Megrt'd (Chester).
Mon«ign [Mon pegn ?] (Warwick).No?ier.
Nybahl (Shrewsbury).
Oda or Odo.
Oslac [= Oslaf ?] (Chester).
Oslaf, Osulf (Chester).
Oswart.Otic (Wincheeter).
raid, Panics or Paulus (Chester).
Pitit.
IlngenaJd, Regnald, &c. (Exeter,YoTk).
lljcgcnulf and Rsenulf (Chester, TT'in-
chester).
Begengrim.Begenicard (Oxford).Kcgnald, see Exgencdd.Bcinere.
Benard or Binard (Exeter).
Binkdd [= Regnald?).Boghard.Rotborht (York).
Salces ? (Chester).
Sandae, see Landac.S>gar\_es'}, Sihares (Derby).
Sigebrand.Sigedrald ?
Sigefer?) (Chester).
Sigeland (Exeter, Oxford).Sigeicidf.
Sigfold[es].
Siuard [=Siward] (York).
Smahi.Snel (CItester).Sota.
Sprone ne.
Stefan us.
Steland.
Tidgar, Tidger, &c. (Chester).Tda.Tiotes or Totes (Chester).
Torhthehn (Canterbury).Turstan, see JTnrstan.
Uuealdhelm.Uuilluf or UuiUaf (Shrewsbury).Unilric.
Uulfgar (Chester).
Uulfhoard (Winchester).Uulfsig or Uulfsige.Uulfstau or Wulfetan (Chester)
AETHELSTAN. 103
Uuynelm (Oxford).Uuynsige (Langport).TPdelric {Oxford).Welnberht.
Wiard (aiester).
Wihtemund, Wimund, &c. (Stafford).
Wilebald.
Wilne.
Winele.Witil.
Wulfhelm (London).Wul/man or Uulfnuin.Wyltsig.purine.
purstan {Lincoln).
Description of Types.
Obverse. Reverse.
Type L
Small cross pattee. Around, inscription
between two circles.
Moneyer'e name, &c., in two lines
across field ; crosses, pellets, &c.,
symmetrically arranged in field.
[Cf. PI. X. 5-6.]
Type ii.
Star of six points, between two pellets.
Around, inscription between twocircles.
Moneyer's name, &c., in two lines
across field; crosses, pellets, &c.,
symmetrically arranged in field.
[Cf. n. X. 7.]
Type iii.
Small cross patte'e. Around, inscrip-
tion between two circles.
Moneyer's name in two lines across
field ; three pellets between ; aboveand below, floral ornament.
[Cf. PI. X. 8.]
Type iv.
Small cross pattee. Around, inscription
between two circles.
Straight line dividing field ; alwvo,building (church ?) ; moneyer's name,&c., above and below or wholly Ixlowthe lino.
[Cf. PI. IX. 2 & X. 9.]
Type V.
Small cross pattee. Around, inscrip- I Small cross pattee. Around, inscrip-
tion between two circles.I
tiun between two circles.
[Cf. PI. IX. 1.]
Same.
Same.
Type V. var. a.
Small cross patt(fo surrounded by fourpellets. Around, inBcrii)tion be-tween two circles.
[Cf. PI. IX. 3.]
Type V. var. h.
I Cross pattee voided. Around, inecrip-
I
lidu between (w.n-iri-bs
[Cr. I'l. IX. II.]
104 WESSEX.
Obvene. Beverae.
Sumo.
Type V. var. c.
I
lUiHf'tto of (lots. Around, inacription
I
lK;t\vccn two circlcB.
[Cf. ri. IX. S.]
Type vi.
KoHcttc of (Idts. Around, inscription I Kosetto of dote. Around, inscription
between two circke. |between two circles.
[Cf. n. IX. 9.]
Same.
Type vi. var. a.
I
Small cross patte'e. Around, inscrip-
I
tion between two circles.
[Cf. PI. IX. 10.]
Type vii.
Bust r., diademed. Around, inscrip-
tion between two circles, divided bybust.
Moneyer's name, &c., in two lines
across field ; crosses, pellets, &c.,
symmetrically arranged in field.
[Cf. PI. X. 10.]
Type viii.
Bust r., crowned. Around, inscription I Small cross pattce. Around, inscription
between two circles, divided by bust. | between two circles.
[Cf. PI. IX. 13 & X. 2, 3, &c.]
Type ix.
Bu.'^t r., crowned. Around, inscription I Smnll cross patte'e. Aroimd, inscription
between two circles. between two circles.
[Cf. PI. X. 4.]
Type X.
Bust r., in hisb relief, with traces of
crown. Around, inscrijition Ix'twcen
two circles, divided by bust.
[Cf. PI. IX. 4.]
Small cross patte'e. Around, inscription
between two circles.
Same, but bust 1.
Type X. var. a.
I
Same.
[Cf. PI. IX. 5.]
Type xi
Bust r., in biph relief, with traces of
crown. Around, inscription betweentwo circles, divided by bust.
[Cf. PI. IX G.]
Cross crosslet. Around, inscription
between two circles.
AETHELSTAN. 105
Obverse.
Type xii
Bust r., hclmcted and crowned. Around,inscription between two circles, di-
vided by bust.
[Cf. PI. X. 13.]
Cross crosslet. Around, inscription
between two circles.
Type xiii.
Head r., liclincttd and crowned.Around, inscription between twocircles.
[Cf. PI. X. H.]
Cross crosslet. Around, inscriptionbetween two circles.
Descbiption op Coins.
No.
106 WE88EX.
No.
AETHELSTAN. 107
No.
108 WESSEX.
No.
AETHELSTAN. 109
Obverse.
»i«/EBELS-TAN RE»^TO BR
•i</EBELSTAH REX TOBRT
i^/EBELSTAN RE-i^ TOBR
•I</EBELSTAN RE4< TOBRT
Var. Aunukt oncither side of
cross patte'e.
BR
BRT
/EBELSTAH RE^ TOBRIE
p/EBELSTAN RE«iH TOBR
/E&EL$TAN RE>1< TOBRIE
>i«EBEL$TAN RE>^ TOBR
«i</E&EL5TAN RE^ TOBRT
/EBEL5TAN RE«I< TOBR!
Reverse.
•J-EADMVND MO LEDCF:
Wt. 24-4.
•i-EADMVMD M-O LEGEWt. 23-7.
I^EFRARD fyrO LED CFWt. 25-4.
•I<M/ERTENE MO LEDEEF
Wt. 24-8.
«I<0$LFE MO LEDE CIFWt. 25-2.
^PAVLES M^O LEDECIF4<
Wt. 24-2.
^PAVLESM'O LEID EF(Chipped.)
^R/ENVLFM'O LED CFWt. 240.
-i'SIDEFERB MOHlEDE EFWt. 2(J-5.
P'SIDFERB MO LEDECFI
Wt. 24-2.
«i«TIDDER MO IN LEDEEFI"!*
Wt. 24(J.
I-VVLFDAR MONLEDCEWt. 25-6.
tVVLF^TAN M~0 LEDEWt. 21G.
-^PLFSTAN M~0 LEDCWt. 24t).
Sfonej-er.
Type V. var. c.
/EBEL$TAN RE TO I I-ABBA MO IN LEDE CFEBLXE I Wt. 2:t G.
[PI. IX. 8.]
Eadmund.
Efrard,
Marten.
Oslaf or
Osulf.
Paul(c3).
Rwnulf.
Si<rcfer'8.
Tidgar.
Uulfgar.
Uiilfstaii or
Wulfbtiin.
AblKl.
no WESSEX.
No.
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
Obvorsc. lI.viTH".
/E&ELSTAN RE'h TO I ^OSLAC MON LEIEC^BR I Wt. 24-4.
Tijiyi vi.
^/EBEL-ST-AN RE-hTO BR
Var. Above rosette, co.
I-BE-OR-ARD MONLEIE EFAVt. 24-5.
[PI. IX. 9.]
*/EBEL$TAN REX TOBR
i</EBELSTAN RE-J^ TOBRI
BR
/EBELSTAN TEX TOBRI
i</EBELSTAN RE* TOBR
^/EBELSTVN TE* TOBr
i-/E&EL'STAN RE^'TO BR
^EBELSTAN REX TOBR
4«/EBELSTAN RE* TOBR
*DEORVLF MOI LEIDCVar. To loft of
rosette, tmnulet.
Wt. 23-5.
*E-ADMVND MONLEIE •
Wt. 23-6.
•i-EFRARD MON LELEEWt. 25-2.
*FRARD M~0 LEIDECIF
Wt. 23-4.
*M/ELDOMEN MOLELC
Wt. 24-4.
*MELRED MON LEDICF
Wt. 23-8.
*OSLAC MON LECEEWt. 24-6.
•i«PAVLES MOI LEICCWt. 23-3.
*TIDL7XR MON LEG EFWt. 24-8.
*TIDLER MONETLEIE CFWt. 24-3.
* • VVLFLAR MON •
LEIE-Wt. 24-0.
*VVLFSTAN M-OLEICC
Wt. 250.
Oelac.
Bcornrd.
Doorulf.
Eadmuud.
Efrard.
MfeldomeQ.
Megred.
Oslac.
Paul(ea).
Tidgar.
UtdfgM
Uulfstan.
Struck ou a coiu of AelfrcU ?
AETHELSTAN. Ill
Xo.
112 WESSEX.
No.
AETHELSTAN. 113
Type viii.
«J</E€)ELST7XN REX ^VVYNELM-M-0-OX-VRBIS
Var. Four jHllets
in field opposite
each end of cross.
Wt. 240.[PI. IX. 13.]
SCROBBESBYRIG.[Shrewsbury.]
Monovor.
Uuynelm.
Type V.
}<E€)ELSTAN REX TOBRIT
^BERHTELM SCROBWt. 2i-3.
•i^BERHTEL M"©BRIT SER0B
Wt. 23-8.
[PI. IX. 14.]
Type vi
EELZTAN RE^ TO B&
^/EO- EL -STAN REXT0 B
•^ECELSTAN-RE'I- TOBRIT
•tEDRED hrO SEBOBWt. 20-4.
«^E-0-FERMVND MSEROBWt. 24-8.
^FROTCER MO XCROBWt. 250.
SNOTINGAHAM.[Nottingham.]
Type V.
•I'EDEESTAN RESA^ORVM
HhEBELNOB ONSNKTENCEHAM
Wt. 22 7.
[PI. X. 1.]
Berhtelm.
Edred.
Eofermuud.
Frotprer.
Erclno*.
114 WESSEX.
No.
85
86
87
88
89
Moncycr.
P/ERINCPIC.
[Warwick.]
Type V. va r. c.
p/EBELSTAH REXTOI BR
^mO\AB\L\A MOH VERIVar. On r. of ro-
sette, 8.
\Vt. 22-7.
PELINGAFORD.[Wallingfurd.]
Type viii.
Ht«/EOELSTAN REX
*/E€)ELXT7\N
^/ECELSTAN
•J-BEORNrSLD- M"0 •
PELWt. 23-6.
^BVRNPSLD MONPEWt. 21-6.
Hh/EOELSTAN REX
«I<BYRNPALD MOPELINLSWt. 26-8.
[PI. X. 2.]
PERHAM.["SVareham.]
Type viii.
I
"t/ELFRED MO- IN
PERH-AI Wt. 24-6.
[PI. X. 3.]
MoiiTiig^
(Men pegn?).
Beornwaldor BjTnwald.
iElfred.
AETHELSTAN. 115
Reverse. Moneyer.
WINCEASTRE.[Winchester.]
Type viii.
^/EOELSTAN REX
REX
^AMELRIC-M-O-VVINIIWt. 24G.
"i^VVLFHEARD- MOWIN • CI
Var. Pellet abovecross.
Wt. 24-6.
Type ix.
^/EOELSTAN REX TOBR
^/E€)ELM"MO- WIN •
CI-Var. Small cross
patte'o above cen-tral one.
Wt. 23-0.
[PI. X. 4.]
Series B.—Without Name of Mint.
Type i.
•I*/EBEL$TAN REX
4^/EDELSTSN REX
I-/EBELSTA-N REX
^/EOELXTAH RE
ABBA
MON
116 WESSEX.
No.
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
Hcvcrsc. Moncycr.
AAEGLXTTTN REX ZtREM
i
OH ETA
•t/EOELSTAN RE-
^/EOEL-STJKN RE
^/EOEL-ZTRl/I R
»I-/EOELXTAN REX
ARNY^ 4« ^LFMOI
^\E€)EL-STAN RE|
ASVL"i^ *I^ ^FNEN
ELSE^ t' 4<
MONE
ERIS-J. ^ ^TIEN
/E€)EL-$TAN REX DOMENi< i^ -^
CESM-0
DOMI^ ^ ^NIC-M
EADMVj^ 4< ^NDM~0
t/EOELSTAN REX TO EZtDVBRIT- •t'>l<^
LFM~0
^EBELSTAN hEX EEBE
RHT
(CLipped.)
Wt. 22-2.
Wt. 22-5.
Wt. 237.
Wt. 22-3.
Wt. 22-0.
Wt. 23-8.
Wt. 24-8.
Wt. 21-3.
(Chipped.)
Amulf.
Asalf or
Asulf(cf. Oslaf).
Clac.
Cristign.
Domenceg or
Dominic(= Domini-cus).
Eadmund.
Eadulf.
Ecberht.
MS
AETHELSTAN. 119
Obverse.
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
/EOEL-STN REX
-i«/EOELSTAN REX
/EDELST^KN RE^
•^/EOELSTZJN REX
'i'/EBELSTAN RE
/EOELSTAN REX
SOTAJ. }, ^4
NOUE
J,
WEALD^ ^ 4*
l-ELNVIO"
VVIL^ ^ ^LVFM
VVLFI-EJ. 4, ^ARDM-0
VVLF4< ^ ^ZTAN
PINE^ •J' "i*
LEM-Q
PINE4. }< !<
TEM^O
Blundered.
/EOEL$TAN REX
^EADE^cuTAH REX
ASAEL4^ ^ "^
N ± V O
IEA30^ .^ }Dl O R
Wt. 23-4.
Wt. 17 4.
Wt. 240.
Wt. 23-8.
Wt. 23-4.
Wt. 23-8.
(Chipped.)
Moneyer.
Wt. 2 10.
Wt. 23 5.
Sota.
Uuealdhelm.
Uuilluf.
Uulfheard.
Uulfstan.
Winele.
Asalf?
Dioralf?
WES8EX.
No.
AETHELSTAN. 121
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
15G
Obverse.
Type viii.
^/EOELXTN REX
^/EOELSTAN REX
^/EOELSTANREX.
•i«/E£)ELSTAN REX
^/E-DELFREO MON Ji3?ielfie«
\\L 21-7. (^Selfert).
^AOELFRMD M"ONNE ^«elfreS?Wt. 17-4.
^7\LFEAV MONET"M't. 21-0.
^DRYHTVALD MON
Alfeah.
Drvhtuald
[PI. X. 11.]
Wt. 230. (= Bryht-nald?3.
/edeltv/ian rex
^LIFING MONEl/lWt. 23-2.
Type X.
I
-I'ADELnOD+ARNVLFI Wt. 23-0.
[PI. X. 12.]
^/EOELSTANREX
^/EOELSTAM^EX
"t/EOEfrv^T X
/E€)ELXTAN REX
«i</E€ELXTAhfiEX
Type xii.
! ^BALDRIE HOMTWt. 220.
[PI. X. 13.]
^EINARD MOIETAWt. 23-8.
• ElUARD M0H . .
(Broken.)
i^SMALA MON ETAWt. 230.
'I'PIARD MONETAWt. 21-4.
Type xiii.
/E€>;EL$TAN rex O I-CfiMALA MONETAWt. 25G.
[PI. X 14.]
Lifincr.
A'Selmodand Arnulf.
Baldric.
Einard,
Smala.
Wiard.
Smala.
122 WESSEX.
EADMUND.Suco. AD. 910 on 'J 11 ; died a.d. 94G.
Al.l.un(Abbu?).AhilK'l.
Adtlirerd,
Addwine or iESelwino.
^dtilf.iEi'lric [= iElfric].
^gii uce 'I
yl'fl/rrd.
yT'i/'rir.
il«:ifs(an.
il'^irwalJ or Elfwald.
yT'lfirine.
jElficinig.
iEl'f.-, Hvc nlso Elf.-
yErnulf or ArnuJf.
y7:,>(/7)i [ = Mielmund'].iETielinod.
J^J^ilmund or A^elmund.
y]-J^elul/ or ATielulf.
.3<37itlwiiie or A'i^ehcine.
iE^cl.-, see also ASel.-
jEiered [^^eZred].
Agtardles ?].
Alberic?Amund or Amynd[es].Are.
Arnulf or iErnulf.
A>:h1/ or Asulfnen.
Atenn?AT>elulf [= ^«elulf].
A^eluueard.AJ5el.-, see also ^^el.-Baciager or Bacialer.
Baldric.
Balduuine.Barbe [Barht] (Norwich).
Beahred.Bencdictus.Beoncald (^Wallingford).
Bcrhtclm.Jlerhtred.
Bcrhtwig.Jkrna^.Bernsige.
Bese or BeseJ.
Bianulf.Biiirhtulf or Biorhticulf.
Biriieanl, Biomcanl, &c.
Boot; [ = Boiga?] (York?)Boign, Boga, iVc.
Boinsulf, 'Boinul/l= Biornulf?].
Bonsom.Burnhelm.Burnric or Bijnncic.
Moneyere.
Byrnferfi.
Byniwald.Cenherht.
Cialberht, CiolberJit, &c.
Clac {Exeter, London).Cnapa or Gnapa.Oundferi.Dxodulf.Demonec, Domences, &c. [ = Domi-
nicus].
Deorwald, Diarwald, &c.
Diarelm.Dorulf.
Drcgel, Dregl, &c.
Dudelet ?
Dudig.Duraint [ = Durandes].Durand[c3].Eadgar.Eadgild,Eadmund.Eadred, Edired, &c.
Eadstan.Eaduueard.Ealgeart ?
Eardulf.
Ecghriht.
Edired.E/eireos ?
Eferbrd [Efericerd ?].
Eferulf.
Efgeulf?Egered.Einard.Elaet.
Elferd.
Elf.-, see also ^If.-Eofermund.Erconbald [= Ercimbald].Erembald.Ere^ic.
Ergimbalt [= Ercimbald].Ericil.
Eulg-art [= Ealgeart?].
Eielsige.
EtSel.-, see also .^?el.-
Furaman, Farman.Faromia? (Leicester).
Folcard, Ftilcred.
Frard[= Efrard?].Fredard [= Fre<Sard].
Fref<ic[^es2-
Fugel.Gciindfer^ or GundferT*Giongbald (Xortcich).,
EADMUND. 123
(xis[lemer ?].
Gnapa or Cnapa.Gota or Gotaf.
Grimwald.Hadebald.Hana, Hanen, &c.
Hereman.Horemod.Hereuuig.Hildeomert.
Hotaf.Hrodear or Hrd^gar (NonvicW).Hunhf.Hunsige.ledulf.
Igere.
Ingelbert.
Ingelgar (York).
Landwine.Leofric.
Liafinc.
Ligeberd [= Sigeber«?].Liofhelm.Litilman.
Mield or M?Dldomcn.Mserten or Martin.Man, Mana or Manna.3Ianeta.
Manticen or Maunicen (Norwich).Megred.Nansige.Oda.Ondres ?
Onunman 7
Oslac.
Osmund.Osulf or Oswulf.
Oswald.Otic.
Oneiric [= JE^elric^.
Oietiorcel.
Paul, Paules, &c.
Pitit.
Frim.Bxgenold.Handulf.Regnulf [=Raegenulf].Reg^ier.
Eeingrim, or Eegegrim {Oxford).
Bodherht.
Bodmr or Bodgar (^Norwicli).
Salciarene ?
Sarauuard.Saxsa.
Scurua ?
Siadcman or Sideman.Sigar[e8] or Sigear[es^.
Sigeher^ ?
Sigwold.Smerel.
StefJian.
Telia.
Ulf (Chester).
Ulgebert ? [Ingelbert ?].
Uuihtes or Uuihtseg.UuQaf.Uuitelm.
Uulfstan.
Uuynsige.Warn [= Warin].Waringod.Werlaf.
White.Wigard, Wigeard, or Wigheard.\Vinuc ?
Wulfgar.Wulfhclm.Wulfric.
Wvnhelm or Wyunclm.Peodulf.permod.
Description op Types.
Obverse. Reverse.
Type i.
Small cross pattc'o. Around, iuscrip
tiun between two circles.
Moncycr's name, &c., in two lines
acTdss field ; crosses?, pillets, iVc,
syniiuetrically arranged in lield.
[Cf. PI. XL 2-6.]
Type ii.
Small cross formed of pellets. Around,inscription between two circles.
[Cr. PI.
Moneyer's name, &c., in two linos
across field ; rosette, pellets, andornaments symmetrically arrangedin liild.
XL 7.]
124 WESSEX.
ObTone. Revenc.
RoBottn of p«'llcta. Arnuml, iiiHcription
l>ctwoen two circles.
Type iii.
Moneycr'fl name, &c., in two linos
ftcross fiolrl ; five rosettes sym-metrically arranged in field.
[Cf. ri. XI. 8.]
Type iv.
Small cross patteo. Around, inscrip- |Rosette of dots. Around, inscription
tion between two circles. between two circles.
[Cf. PI. XI. 1.]
Type V.
Small cross pattcc. Around, inscrip
tiou between two circles.
Moneycr's name in one line across
field ; above, straight line fromwliich springs a rose between twocurved branches ; below, seven-
])ctalled flower.
[Cf. PI. XL 9.]
Type vi.
Bust r , crowned. Around, inscription I Small cross patte'e. Aroimd, inscrip-
between two circles, divided by bust.|
tion between two circles.
[Cf. PI, XL 10, 11.]
Type vii
Kudo bust r., helmoted and crowned.Around, inscription between twocircles, divided by bust.
[Cf. PL XL 12.]
Cross crosslet. Around, inscription
between two circles.
Description of Coixs,
No.
EADMUND. 125
No.
126 WESSEX.
Xo.
EADMUND, 121
No.
128
EADMUND. 129
38
39
40
41
Obverse. Reverse.
»i«EADMVHD RE
^EADMVMD RE«i«
»I<ESDMVND- REX
42
43
44
45
4G
CNAPJ< .J, ^AMO~N
DEMEN^ "^ ^EEMOT
DEMEN
EEMOT
DOMEN
CESM"0
[PI. XI. 3.J
i«EADMVND REX
^EADIAIVND RE
EADMVHD REX
fE-A-DMVND RE
^EADMVND REX
DIARE^ ^ ^LMM^O
DORV
LFM-O
DORV!< 4^ 4,
LFEM
DREDJh J^ 4,
' LMOT-
DVDEi" •} 4^
LETM O
Wt. 24-8.
Wt. 22 0.
(Chipped.)
M't. 24 0.
Moneyer.
Wt. 20-0.
Wt, 25-0.
W^t. 24-9.
Wt. 200.
Wt. 22-4.
Cnapa,
Dcmonec orDonienccs
(= Domini-cus).
Diarelm.
Dorulf.
Dreffol.
Dndolet
(= Dudig?).
:!() WERSEX.
No.
EAUMUND. 131
Obverse.
»}<EADMVND REX
^ET^DMVND REX
Keverse.
^EADMVND RE^
EADS^ ^ 4.
TANO
CO
EADVVEi^ "^ 1^
A R D MCO
[PI. XI. 4.]
EARD
VLFM
^EADMVNDREX
^EADMVND REX
J^EADNVMD R
^EADMVND REX
EARD^ ^ 4,
YLFM"0
EFER•^ ^ ^VLFM-Q
EFER^ "^ t'VLFrO
ECERED^ ^ ^MO N ETA
ELEERD•^ ^ •!*
MO N ETA
EOFERM^ "^ ^VHDM^O
Wt. 23-8.
Moneyer.
wt
lO^
EADMUND. 133
No.
134 WESSEX.
No.
EADMUND. 135
No.
lao WESSEX.
No.
EADMUND. 137
No.
115
IIG
117
lis
119
120
121
Obverse. Reverse. Moneyer.
•i'EADMVND RE^
•i'EADMVND RET^
REX
•i^EADMVND REX T©
^EADMVND RE
>i<EADMVND REX
122
123
124
OX>AJ< 1^ .^
roMo
OZFA»J< "t" ^LDMO
OTIC^^ ^ .J,
M-ON-E
OTIC^^ ^ ^MON"E
PAVL^ ^ ^ESMO
PAVE^ ^ .Ji
LSMO
PITIT
MONE
fEADMVND
[PI. XI. 5.]
RECN^ ^ ^VLFM
>> »
^EADMVMD RED»f REC»E
REXM0T
"Wt. 22-0.
\Vt. 23 0.
Wt. 250.
Wt. 250.
Wt. 23G.
Wt. 24-6.
Wt. 23-2.
Otic.
Pauses).
Pitit.
Eegnulf.
Wt. ?A-S.
Wt. 21-3.
AVt. 19-2. I
Rpg><er.
138 WESSEX.
No.
125
12G
127
128
"tEADMVND RE
•frEADMVND REi*
^EADMVND REX
EADMVND REX
Ucversc.
SARA•i* •b 'hWARD
SAXSA©J. .f. .J-
•333W
SIADE
MANM^O
ilBAR^ J^ ^ETMOT
[PI. XL G.]
129
130
131
132
133
EADMVN REX
^hEADMVND RE
EADMVND REX
•i^EADMVND- REX
RET
VVIHT^ "^ J"EriMOl
VVILA^ ^ ^FEMO
VVLF->J< ^ ^STAN
VVYNT T" T
SICEM"0
PARN»}< ji !<
MOIIE
Wt. 25r,.
\Vt. 21-5.
Wt. 22-6.
Wt. 20-6.
"Wt. 24-7.
Wt. 23-3.
Wt. 24-4.
Wt. 22-7.
Wt. 22-4.
Moneyer.
Barauuard.
Sax8ame fecit ?
Siadcman(or SiJcman).
Sigar.
Uuiht(c8)(or
Uuihtscg ?).
Uuilaf.
Uul&tan.
Uuynsige.
Warn(Warm).
EADMUND. 139
No.
no WESSEX.
No.
EADMUND. 141
Ko.
142 WESSEX.
EADRED.Suco. A.D. 946; died a.d. 9o5.
j'Elfnipc or ^Ifsic.JFJUiiu.
Griper.^tard[cH] or Agtard[e8].JE«elm [^Tiolinund ?]
JE'^eJmund or ASclmund.
Ai^elwald.iESel.-, see also A8el.-^Ured.Agtiird[e8] or ^tard[e8]Albert.
AUige [= ^lf8ige?].Anna.Anoeret.
Aje.Amulf.Asphr ?
A^elmund or JE^elmund.AMirerfi.A^cl.-, see also iE?el.-
Baldric.
Baldiuiine.
Bernard or Burnard.Bernere.Bcrnfei-tS.
Bese.
Biorhtwulf.Boga or Boiga.Burnard.Cali
Calismert ?
Canceret^
Cenberht.Cilieni.
Clac.
Copman.Crist in.
Culein[= Culfin?].
Deinenco [Dominions].Deorulf.
Dreml ?
Dudig.Duran.Eadmund.Eardulf.
Eferulf.
Elfred.
Engilbred.Eodin.£orofi [ = Fro^?].Erimes [= Grimes?].
Moneyers.
E^elnof>.
Frard [=Efrard ?].
Fredard or Frcdrod.FretSic or Ferric [see FroSric].FrotS [= FroSric ?].
Fro<5ric.
Fynnelm [=Wynnelm ?].
Gilles.
GisleJielm.
Gislcmer.Godin.Grim.Heremod.Herigar.
Uihlulf.Ilroigar.
Htmlaf.Hunred.Hunsaft.Huscbald.Iiigelgar.
Inguces [= Ingulf ?].
Ive.
LandferS.Leofric.
Lifine.
Maneca [cf. Mannecin].Manna, &c. (Xurwich).Mannecin.Martin.
Munred.Norbert.
NorSgar [=Hro*gar?].Oeirheri [= Oneiric?].Osfer^.
Osgod.
Oslnf.
Oswald.Osicine.
Oneiric.
Prin.
Rffiduine.
litedes.
Reg'cSer.
Rcinfir?>.
Rei^ereil.
liiculf.
Binuc [Rinulf?'] cf. Winno.liinulf.
Rodbert.
Saruurd r=Saruard].f^njrua ?
EADRED. 143
Secge [ = Secgcstef ?] (Norwich).SieferetS [cf. Sifert].
Sicgred.
Sifert.
Sigar[e8].
Smertcali.
Suince.
Swerlinc ?
Swerting.
Tyleadrex [= Tyleadred orWealdfred ?].
Unbein.Uualdfre^.Uuarin or Warin.Uuerstan.Uuilaf.
Uuildaf[=UHildul/?lUuilehert.
Uuilfred.
Uuinetin.
Uulfstan.Warin or Uuarin.Walter.
Wigerofi.
Winuc [ = Winulf?].Wulfbald.Wulgar[c8].Wijnnchtim [ Wymielm].\)eodhnrht.
peodmaer.\)eodred.
peodulf.pwr/tT?!.
purmod.purulf [cf. Deorulf].
Description op Types.
Obverse. Reverse.
Small cross pattee. Around, inscrip
tion between two circles.
Type i.
Moncycr's name, &c., in two lines
across field ; crosses, rosettes, pellets,
&c., symmetrically arranged in field.
[Cf. PI. XII. 2-4.]
Small cross patte'e. Around, inscrip-
tion between two circles.
Type ii.
Floriate stem with two branches en-closing moneyer's name.
[See No 103, p. 154.]
Type iii.
Small cross patte'e. Around, inscrip-
tion between two circles.
Rosette of dots. Around, insoriptiun
between two circles.
[Cf. ri. XII. .'i.]
Rosette of dots. Around, inscription
between two circles.
Type iv.
Moneyer's name, &c., in two linos
across field; rosettes of dots syui-
nictrieally arranged in field.
[Cf. PI. XII. G.]
Typt' V.
Bust r., crowned. Around, inscription I Small cross patte'o. Around, insrrip-
between two circles, divided by bust.|
tion between two circles.
[Cf. PI. XII. 1 A- 7.]
144 WESflEX.
Description ok Coins.
No.
EADRED. 145
10
11
12
13
14
15
IG
17
"I^EADRED RE
>{EADRED RE^.Var. In field, M.
EADRED REX
EADRED REXVar. lu field, M.
•J-EADRED REX
Reverse.
-^EADRED REX-
I^DH EADRED REX
^ERDRED REXVar. In field, thrco
pellets.
EADRED REX
AETAR^ ^ ^DEXmOT
ALTAR'^ "T* -i^
DESmOT
ARNVL
FmONT
AOEL^ 4« >I<
MVND-
ACELM
VNDM-Q
BALD4< 4^ 4<
RIEM O
BALDV
IVINH^O
BALDV^ ^ ^VNHO
BERN
ARDfn
Moneyer.
.^tard(es) or
Ajjtard(e8).
Wt. 21-5.
Wt. 20 0.
(Chipped.)
Wt. 20-5.
Wt. 23-2.
Wt. 19-5.
Wt. 180.
Wt. 21-2.
Wt. 21 -2.
Wt. 20 7.
Arnulf.
A%elmund.
Baldric.
Balduuine.
Bemnrd or
Burnard.
11 (; WESSEX.
No. RcverBC.
18 ^E??DRED REX
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
i-EADRED REX O
EADRED REX
^EADRED REX
EADRED REX
BVRH
ARDM O
BERN
EREH
BER14F^ ^ "f-
ERomo
BESE
MOllT
BOCA
ESmOT
BOILAVar. In field. M. .^ >^ >5h
,ExmoT
EADRED REX CENBEAN6L0R-~ "^ "^ «^
RHTM0
EADRED RE^
[PI. XII. 2.]
EOPOi. "f 4<
WAZO
DEMEM^ ^ ^CEPflOT
Wt. 22-5.
(Chipped.)
Wt. 230.
Wt. 21-5.
AVt. 210.
Wt. 20-8.
Wt. 24-8.
Wt. 19 0.
Wt. 19 0.
Moneyer.
Bern ere.
Bemfer?.
Bese.
Boga or
Boiga.
Cenberht.
Copman.
Demence(Dominicus).
EADRED. 147
27
Obverse.
EADRED RE
28I
EADRED REX
29 i'EADRED REX I
30 fEADRII REX
31 ^EADRED RE^
32 EADRED REX
33 ^EADRED REX
34 RE»^
35 ' ^EADRED RE-i* O
36 >^EADRED R E^^
Reverse.
J^fl
EADKED. 149
No. Obverse.
47 "^EADRED RE^
48 ^EADRED RE-i* O
49 EADRED REX
Keverse.
DISLE•i* "h "hIIETM
CODIN
MOTI
CRim^ ^ ^EXmOT
Wt. 23-6.
Wt. 21-3.
Moneyer.
Gislemer.
Godin.
Grim
[PI. XII. 3.]
Wt. 20G.
50 •I-EADRED REX
51 "t-EADRED REXX
52 ^EADRED RE-
53 I'EADRED REX
54 i^EADRED REXl
55 ^EADRED REX'
HVN^ ^4 !<
RE'Di
HVN
REDX
HVN
REDC
HVNR
EDIAIO
HVNR
EDMO)
HVNR4, 4^ ^EDMOT
Hunred.
W'L 220.
Wt. 22 0.
Wt. 20-3.
Wt. 23 0.
Wt. 21-5.
Wt. 210.
150
No. Obverno.
56 •pEADRED RE'I- O
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
WESSKX.
HVN
^AFT
ncvcr«e.
HhEJ^DRED REX • HVXEBVar. In field, four i t' "t" !«
pellets. ALDII O
65
"tESDRED REX I
•i^EADRED RE'J':
•I-EADRED REXO
•I^EADRED REX"
EADRED REX
•t'EADRED RE-i^
REX
•I'ERDRED RE
INCEL't' ^ >^
LAR'MO
INGELJ< p. ^
CAR- MO
I NGVJ< .J^
!<
EE5M0T
LAND
FERO
LEOF
RICM
^LIF.I
NEMO
Wt. 2G-8.
Wt. 230.
Wt. 22-3.
(Chipped.)
Wt. 21-5.
Wt. 22-5.
Wt. 20-5.
Wt. 20 0.
Wt. 23-3.
Wt. LM-3.
Moiieycr.
HuDsaft.
Huseb.ild.
Ingelgar.
Inguces
(= Ingulf?)
Landfert.
Leofric.
Lifinc.
EADHED. 151
No.
152 WESSEX.
No.
7G
78
80
81
82
83
84
Obvprsc.
HhEADRED REX
^EADRED RE-P- O
EADRED REX
Ena3flaA3fl«^
•1<EADRED REX
Reverse.
REIN
FIRO
5IEF-E
REOIO
SILAR4< 4^ »Ji
E5moT
lYLEADJ^ ^ 1^
T0mX3fl
VVALD
FREO
^E7\DRED REX
i-EADRED RE
EADRED REX
[PI. XII. 4.]
WAR-
IHM~0
P7\RI
^ 4^ "PNMON
VVERSO "^ OTANNO
VVIL7\
FMON
Wt. 16-2.
(Chipped.)
Wt. 20-3.
(Broken.)
Wt. 21 0.
AVt. 17-4.
Wt. 20-6.
Wt. 22-2.
Wt. 230.
Moncyer.
Keinfir%.
SiefereS
(cf. Sifert).
Sigar.
Tvleadrex(=']}iead-rffl or
Wealdfred ?).
Uualdfre'8.
Uuarin or
Warin.
Uiierstan.
Uuilaf.
EADRED. 153
No.
1.>1 WEHSEX.
No.
08
9i)
100
101
Obverse.
4«EADRED- REX
JCEADRED REX
I-EADRED REX
EADRED REX
Rcvenie. Moneyer.
OEODM^ ^ ^AER M
BEOD
VLFM
ORMO
DEMO
OVRMo»i<o
ODMO'H
102 "i-EADRED REX
103
104
4«EADRED RE«i«
OYRM•r T* TODH"
Type ii.
1 NOR BERT
Wt. UO 0.
\Vt. 23-7.
Wt. 25 4.
Wt. 21-8.
Wt. 22-2.
Wt. 17 5.
peodulf.
purmod.
Type iii.
4-EADnED REX ^EVLEIH m~0Wt. 200.
[PI. XII. 5.1
Norbert
Type iv.
105,
I'EADrED PFX- DVpy
I
FLmo
[PI. XII. G.'l
Ciilein
(Culfin?).
purulf(cf. Deorulf).
Wt. 20 6.
EADRED. 155
No.
Ir.».; WESSEX.
EADWIG.
Succ. A.u. 055; uii;u a.o. 959.
Moneyers.
Abenel (Htrefunl ?).
iElfred.
yKI/Ki(][e'\.
JEiiri'ij.
yEtard [^=Afjlanli'\.
yUftlgnr.
yj^rhtan or I'Jiehtitn.
A^eluuerd or /Edeluiwurd.
A,lt„rd.
Aiinind[eg].
Afnl/ {Linuloti).
JiithJn'c {SoiitlKimpton).
Baldwiue (Bedford).Jierenard.
Biruer.
Boi<;a or Boga (Bedford).
Briuninc [= Bruuine].Cuape[es].
Clac (Newark ?).
Copman.Crin . . .
Cntel 0TCytc\ [=Gytel?].Demence [DominiruK V].
Deorulf [= purulf V] (York).
Driuning.J)tidema[n'].
Dunn.Duiiinc (Huntingdon).Eadmund (York).
Eadulf.Eaenolf [= Ecnolf?].Efrard.
Eofercd (York).EoroTS ?
Erim [= Grim?]E«el.-, see also ^8el.-Fanael ?
Frard [= Efrard?] (York).
FreXic [= FroTiric ?].
Fro«gar (Bedford).
Fro^ric or Frederic (York).
GodeferlS.
Grim (Bedford).
Gijtd, see C'ytel.
Heremod.Herewig.Heriger.Leofstan (Bedford).
Leuinc [= LifincV].
Lifiiic.
Litclman.Manngdd or Maneod (South-
ampton, "Winchester).
Mann or Manna.Manolet.
Oswald.Otic (Winchester).
Sedoman [= Sideman].Uuferin [= "Warin ?]
Wilehert.
Wihig.Wul/gar.])urmod (Yorh).
\)urfer^.
purulf [cf. Deorulf].
Description of Types.
Obverse. Reverse.
Type i.
Small cross pattee. Around, iiiscrip- I Moneyer's name, »S:c., in two lines
tion between two eircles.|
across field ; crosses, rosettes, pel-
lets, &c., symmetrically arranged in
Itield.
[Cf. ri. XIII 1, 2.]
EADWIG. lo7
Obverse. Keverse.
Type ii.
Small cross pattee. Around, inscrip
tion between two circles.
MoiK-yor'd name, Av., in two line.s
across field, divided by name ofmint ; crosses, rosettes, pellets, Sec,
symmetrically arranged in field.
[Cf. PI. XII. 8-13.]
Type iii.
Small cross pattee. Around, in.scrip-
tion between two circles.
Moneyer's name between two lines
across field. Above and below,rosette.
[Cf. ri. XIII. 3.]
Type iv.
Small cross pattee. Around, inscrip-
tion between two circles.
Moneyer's name iu one line acrossfield, divided by mitre-shaped or-
nament ; below, T
[Cf. PI. XIII. 4.]
Type V.
Small cross patti'e. Around, inscrip-
tion between two circles.
Small cross pattee. Around, inscrip-
tion {Moneyer's name, Ac.) betweentwo circles.
[Lindsay, ' Coinage of the Ileptaicby,' PI. 5, 115.]
Type vi.
Bust, r., crowned. Around, inscrip-
tion between two circles, divided bybust.
Small cross pattee. Amund, inscrip-
tion (Moni'yir's name, &c., awlMint) b'twi'en tiro rircli's.
[Rud. PI. 20. 1]
ins WK8HKX.
No.
DEscjuirrioN of Coins.
Obverse. Reverse.
Series A. With Nami: ok Mint.
Moneyer.
BEDANFORD.[B.xlfunl.]
Ti/pe
«i<EADVVIL RE-.-^ BALDBE-i^DAPINE-
[ri. xir. 8.]
^EADVVIC REX":--
i-EADVVlG REX O
^EADVVID.-.RE-
^ETXD.VVIG REX
BOIDA•i^BE^'DA'tMONETA
FROD-BE-^DACAR M
CRin.BE'l'DAMON"E
LEOFSBE^DAT7\lhMO
EOFERPIC.
[York.]
Type ii.
•i«EADVVIQE RE DEOR03«^N^0VLFM
Wt. 23-3.
Wt. 22-2.
Wt. 150.
Wt. 20-5.
Wt. 18-2.
Baldwine.
Boiga.
FroSgar.
Grim.
Leofstan.
Deorulf(cf. purulQ.
[PI. XII. 9.]
Wt. 22-3.
EADWIG. 159
No.
Hid WESSEX,
No.
1:5
H
ObveiM. Reverae. MoDeyer.
NEPE.
[Newark* ?]
Type ii.
4-ESDVVIC RE-I- CLAC^IIE'l-PEMONE
Cliic.
Wt. 14 2.
[PL XII. 12.]
PINCEASTRE.[Winchester.]
Type ii.
^ESDVVID REX MANN
DODMO
Manogod.
Wt. 23-5.
15
IG
17
18
[PI. XII. 13.]
Series B. Without Name of JIint.
Type. i.
^EADPIC REX I
T'or. Ill field, M/ELFREDJ< ^ ^EXM0N
iElfred.
Wt. 21S.
[PL XIII. 1.]
^EADPIL REX
4«EADVVI RE
•tETXDVVIL RE>i«
/ESEVV-"T* •r' "r"
LFM-Q-
ADEL
VVERD
BOr^A-
•MOIETA
Wt. 180.
Wt. 20-7.
Wt. 13 0.
.Sscuulf.
AiSeluiierd.
Boiga.
In Korthamptonsbire.
EADWIG. IGl
No.
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
2G
27
Obverse.
'i'EADVVI RE-i* I
I'evcTso.
^ETXDVVIL REX
BRIV-
l/IIHC
[PI. XIII. 2.]
CYTEL^ "^ 4*
MONE
i-EADPIC REX DVNNVar. In field, M. ^ "^ "^
EXm^ON
I«EADVVr RE^
^EADVV[I]D REX
•I<EADVVID REX I
•i<EADVVIC R-E^-.-
{"EADWIG REX.-.
't'EADPIL REX'
Sloneycr.
Briuninc
( = Bruniiic).
Wt. 22 4.
Wt. 207.
Wt. 18-8.
E7SEH
\{\'2
( 163 )
KINGDOM OF ENGLAND.
EADGAE.
King of ^Mercia ad. 957 ; of all E.ngl.\nd a.d. 059 ; died ad. 975.
Moneyers.
Adelavor or Ai*.elaver.
Adelgiir or yl^fichjar.
Adelwold [= JEielu-uhl] (London).Aden.iElfgar (Thetford).
.iElfnocS iLondun, Wiuchelsta).Alfred or Elfrod.
.iElfsigo (Ik'dford, Chester, Exeter,
Staffonl Wilton, Winchester).
JElfstan or Elfstau (Chester, Derby,Exeter).
.ffiscmau {Chester, Exeter, Lincoln,Stamford).
iEsculf.
^tfer^.JE'tielaver or Adelaver.JEtelbrand.
jSa&elfer^ (Ilchester).
^ielgar or Adelgar.iETielred (London).^(Selsie or J]]^elsige (Bath, London),j^'fielstan (Canterlnnj, Lymne).JE^ehcecird.
^iehviiie (^Oxford).
uE^elwold or Adelwold (London).^<5ercd (London).Albart ? (^Cambridge).
Albutic.
Aldcwine.Alfer^.
Andreas.AsferS.
Azjua ? (Linroln).
A?cl.-, see Adol.-, and /E8cl.-
A^ulf (London).Baldric {Bidford, Snuthumpfo)}).
Baldwin.Benedict U.S.
Beorhtric {]\'allinriford).
Berenard.Bernfer<5.
Birgstan.Boga, Bofjea, Boign, Sec, see also Fiis-
tolf (Canterbury, Chi-strr, Wilton).
Britfer?! or Brihl/,r^.Bruninc {Xonrir'h).
Byrhfir^ [ = BemrerS or Brihti\r'!S']
(Maldott).
Bi/rhtric (Lymne).Byrhticold (Shdj'teshury).
Capelin.
Careen [^FarScn?] or Corbelm.Cna])a (Stamford).Colenard.Cohjrini.
Copman.Cylm? (Southampton).Cynsige (Ch ichmttr).
Dcniencc [Doniinipu.s].
Deorlaf [ = D(.'orulf ?] (Chester).Deorulf (Tempsford ?).
Dodnor^.Dudeman or Dudsemon.Dun (York).
Durand.Eadmcr (Southamjiton).Eadniund (Chester).
Eadtil/.
Eadwino (Wilton).
Ealfsigc.
Eiinnd.l\,iim\\{ (Lincohi).
Eat.'^tan [=Eadstan ?] (WinHio.'ilcr).
Khd'ti.
J-:ilr.d or .Elfrcd.
Elfstau.
Elfwald.
Elf.-, see also iElf.-
Eoferard.
Eofcrmund.Eoferulf (Tem|)sford ?).
EoroS (Chester).
Erronhald (Xoririrh).
Eifern.
Ei^ehn.
p]Scluine.
Ei^el.-, see also /E?il -
Farni;in
M 2
IfU ENGLAND.
Ffti^on or Far^ine [ = CarScn ?].
FftHti.ll'(V('rk).
FftHlnlf mill Uuigft.
Fivstolf imil Odii.
Fastolf a 11(1 Ihifn.
Fiddimn.FKidf^cr (( 'hostor).
FoU'iiitrd (Nonrich).
F(>r'^<l(ir {Jiid/onl).
FnoSric or Fro^ric [=Frc«ic?](Clii'stcr).
Fiot^i('[os] or Frc*icin (Derby).
Fri/'^mu>i<l.
Giilus, Gillys, Gyllis, &c. (Chester,
llrrcfonl).
GiJm, see Cylm.Grid.Grim (Bed Cord).
Guunulf (Yorl-y
Guuund.Hacuir.Hcrcbert.Ui rc/erf).
Hercman.Heromod (Wallingford).
Hi'rijror.
Iicrolf(roj-/0.
HihJe.
Jlilttrine (London).
Hiugolf or Ingolf.
Himbcin or Unbein.Ingelberd.
Inficlhn'rg or Ingehics.
Ingolf or Hingolf.
IngolfcrS.
lohan, see luhan.loles.
Iscmbert.
luban [=Iohun] (Exeter).
Ivc.
Lecfert.
Lcfinc, Leofinc, Lyfmc, See. (Ipswich').
Lenna.Leoffjdr (Dover).
I.eofhelm.
TAofnil[=Leofhelm?].J.tn/ric.
Leofsigc (Oxford, Southampton, TI7?-
ion).
Leofirine (Tempsford?).
Liofirold ( Wilton).
Levig ?
Liofstan (Bedford).
Lowman.Ma'find ( Winrhe-':ter).
Ma^lsiu^an (Chester).
JIan (Tempsford ?, Winchester).
Maning.
Mnnna, Manan, Manne, &c. (LeiceHer,
V.irk).
^[iinmil or Mmitnt (Southampton).
iSIanlieon.
Marcer.MarHcalo or Mursrenle (Winchcbter).
Mertin [=Mii'rtin].
IMorgna [=M()rena?].
Niiniin, see Manna.Noriberd (Norwich).
Oda, see Fa.stolf.
Oeeman [ = Otjernan ?].
Ogca (Norwich, Stamford).
Ogt'imm.
dsferi.
Oslac or Oslaf (Norwich).
Osmnnd.Osulf (Derby).
Oswald.OUlriht.
Pirim ? see Wirim.Badstan.
Jia'gemdf, &c. (Winehester).
Rafn, see Fastolf.
liegenold ( Winchester).
Eiecolf or Ricolf.
Saydtine [=Saduting?].Sedeman, Sidcman, or Sydeman
(Rochester).
Sexhyrht (Lewes).
Siferb.
Styrcar (Leicester).
Tuma (York).
Unliein or Hunhein.ITuifer'8 or Wiferd [ = WiufcrS ?].
Uuilsig or Wihig.Wihfsige (see Wynsige).Wilsig or Uuilsig.
Wine.Winemes.AVinenr [= '\Vinern].
Wirim ? (Huntingdon).Wode.Wnlfbald (Bath).
Wulfgar or Wulgar (Stamford).
Wuifmaer.Wuifred (Oxford).
Wui/rir (York).
Wull'stan or Widstan (Leicester, Wal-ling/ord).
Wynsige or Wihtsige (Gloucester,
Winchester).AVyiistan or Wunstan (Totncss, Win-
chester).
peodgar (Lewes).\?inern [= Winern'].
purfei-t;.
purmod (Chester).
\?urstnn.
EADOAR.
Desciui'tiox Of Types.
I(j5
Obver-^e. Kevcrse.
Type i.
Small cross patt(?o. Around, inscrip-
tion between two circles.
Same.
Suiuo.
Sujue.
Same.
Moneyer's name, &c., in two lines
across field, divided l>y three crus.-es
patte'es ; above and below, triangle
of dots
JL, ^ j.^T" 'T' •r
[Cf. ri. XIV. 1.]
Type i. var. a.
Similar : ornam<nts varitd 4* "t* "i*
[Kud.. ri. 28, 2,]
Type i. var. b.
I-
Similar: oru;uneut.s varieil "i* "i" "t*
{,
[Cf. ri. XIV. 2.]
Type i. vur. c.
Similar; ornaments varied "t* •r' 4*
[Cf. n. XIV. 3.]
Type i. var. d.
Similar: ornaments varied O "t" O
[Cf. ri. XIV. 1.]
KKi ENGLAND.
Obverse. Revene.
Tyiie i. vnr. e.
Stiim-. Siiiiiliir : ornauienlw varitJ O O O
[L'i'. I'l. XIV. 5.]
Type i. var.f.
Similar : riKsette of d(it.i in centre. Similar : ornaments varied .*•: :•: :•:
[Cf. ri, XIV. C]
Type i. var. g.
Same. ' Similar : ornaments varied
[Cf. PI. XIY. 7.]
Type ii.
Small cross patt<5e. Around, inscrip- IVIoiieyer's name, &c., in two lines
tion between two circles. across field, between which name of
mint : ornaments symmetricallyarranged in field
O ^ O
[Cf. ri, XIII. 10 & 12.]
Type iii.
Small cross patte'c. Around, in-'crip- I Small cross patte'c. Around, iuscrip-
tion between two circles.|
tion between two circles.
[Cf. PI. XIII. 5.]
Type iv.
Eosette of dots. Around, inscription I Kosetto of dots. Around, inscription
between two circles.|
between two circles.
[Cf. PI. XIII. 6.]
Type V.
onI
Si
ist.I
[Cf. PI. XIII. 8-0.]
Bust r., crowned. Around, inscription I Small cross pattc'e. Around, inscrip-
betweeu two circles, divided bv bust. tion between two circles.
EADGAR. 167
Obverse. Eevcree.
Saiuo.
name.
Type V. var. a*Similar : four crosses pattccs arrangedaround central ono.
[Hud., ri. 20, 4.]
Type V. var. b.
Similar: three pclhls and cross pal-
tee arranged around central crvsg
patt^e.
[Rud., PI. 28, 1.]
Type vi.
Bust 1., diademed. Around, inscrip- I Small cross pattt'e. Around, intcrip-
tion between two circles.|
tion between two circles.
[Cf. ri. XIII. 7, U & 13.]
* The specimeus of tbe type (Nos. 37 & 211) in the National Collection are too imperfect for
illUBtratiou.
108 ENGLAND.
De8(-UI1'TI0N of Coins.
No. Obverse. Reverse.
Sebie.'j a. With Name of Mint.
BAOAN.[Bath.]
Type iii.
Moneycr.
+EADCAR REXANLLORVM
^:/E€)ELSILE MO BACA ^«elsige.EIFI
Wt. 21-8.
[PI. XIII. 5.]
2 »i>EADCAR REX
'i'EADC,
BEDANFORD.[Bedford.]
Type V.I
•i'/ELFSIL MONETA BE ^Ifsige.Var. Small cross
pattee above cen-tral one.
(Broken.)
HhLI TA BE Liofstan ?
(Fragment.)
Type vi.
•I«EADDAR REX ANCLCWl +LRIM IVJ-Q BEDAFOI (Pierced.)
C/ENTFARABYRIG or CANTPARABYRIG.[Canterbury.]
^EADLAR REXANCLCnX
Tijpc vi.
•I^BOCA M~0 C/ETPARA
Grim.
BogaWt. 23 5. (or Boiga).
EADOAR. i(jy
No.
170 EN(JLANI).
No.
E.VDUAl!. 171
No.
172 ENGLAND.
No.
EADGAR. 173
No.
171 KN(iI.A\h.
No. Obvcmc. Reverse.
4(i HhEADCAR RE
47
4S
t> »
EOFROT'J-EOLFNO
MOl/lOT'I-EOHAM
M<ineycr.
Eofcriilf?
(Cliippcd.)
Wt. 23-4.
PELEGAFORD ou PELIGAFORD.[Wallingford.]
49
50
51
i«EADLAR REXANLLORVM
Type iii.
I-HEREMOD MOPELEL-AFOR-.-
Wt. 230.
FILTUNE.[Wilton.]
Ti/jy; vi.
I-EADCAR REX ArCLOix ^/ELFXILE MO FILTV(rierccd.)
i ^-EADPINE M-OI FILTVN-I AVt. 250.
[ri. XIII. i:l]
PINCELSEA.
[Wincliclsea.]
Type vi.
^EADDAR REX ANCLOPC ^/ELFNOO M~0FEfCLES
Wt. 24-4
Man.
Heremod.
^Ifsige.
Eadwine.
^lfno».
EADfJAR. 17.'
No.
17G ENOLANI).
No.
EADGAR.
C8
69
70
71
72
Kcvcrse.
73
74
75
7G
I<E-7^-DC-AR RE
^EADCAR RE
•i'ET^DCTXR RE^
»i«E-A-DD7\R REw
i«E7XDC-7^-R RE>i«
J^EADCAR REI
"i^ERDLAR R-E-I^
i-EADDSR REXt
I-ESDCAR- REXVar. In ikM
/EDEL
ZIEHO
/EOEL
ZIENO
ALBy-T T" TTEMO
ALBV4< 4^ ^TENO
ALBV
TEHO
A$FER^ ^ ^anoN-
A$FER"t" J" ^CMON-
BENE
oiht:-
BERNHh *I^ *i"
FERO
Wt. 181.
Wt. 17 0.
Wt. 15 5.
Wt. 18-5.
Wt. 190.
Wt. 11 G.
Wt. 20 1.
Wt. 210.
Wt. 20 2.
Moneyer.
^Selsio( = iE«el.sige).
Albutic.
AeforiS.
Bcncdictus.
BcriiferS.
178 ENGLAND.
No.
77
78
79
80
81
ObvpiTic.
82
83
84
85
4«ESDLSR RE-h
•tEADL7\R RE^
HhET^DG-TX-R RE^t
tET^DC-TXR RE«I<
^EADLT^R RE'tO
riE^
RE^^
^'EZfDCTSR IJEX)
^EADLAR REX^
Reverse.
BIRII .-.
'i' "h "b
VllllO
BRIT*^ -^ *^
FERO
CAPE^ .J^ "i^
LINO
CARD
Eiimo
CNAP'i* *i* *i*
em5i-
\Vt. 18 5.
Wt. 190.
Wt. 16-7.
Wt. 22-3.
(Chipped.)
Moncyor.
Uncertain.
Britfer«.
Capelin.
Careen(=Far8tn?).
Cnapa.
CNAP^ ^ ^EMOI •
EADGAR. 179
No.
180 ENGLAND.
No. Obverse.
95
9G
97
98
4«E7\D[L-7\r r-E'i'
Reverse. Moneycr.
criD
MOUE
[PI. XIV. 1.]
ii^EADLAR RE
EADGAR. 181
No.
182
EADGAR. 183
No.
184 ENGLAND.
N...
EADGAR. 185
No.
18G ENGLAND.
No. Obvorne.
150 ^EADGAR RE
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
RE4^
Moncycr.
ALDE© >!-
PINEM
EADQ 'i' QMVl/ID
[PI. XIV. 4.]
RE
»» >»
REX
^EADC[A]R RE
•^EADCARE^
^EADCARE
EADO !- ONYN
EALFO •!- OSILE
EALFS'i'S>
1 GEM
EO[R]
OCM
FREO©4-0BRIE
GILO "^ OLYS
Wt. 23-4.
\Vt. 200.
Eadmund.
Wt. 19-8.
Wt. 21-2.
Wt. 20-9.
(Broken.)
Wt. 22-2.
Wt. 22 9.
Ealfsige.
Eoro<5.
FreoXrio.
Gillva.
EADGAR. 187
No.
188 ENGLAND.
OliVITHO. Monoyer.
ICG
1G7
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
HhEADCAR RE
Type i. var. g.
J,
/E€»ER
EDM~0
[PI. XIV. 7.]
Type iii.
Wt. 19-8.
iEXcred.
I-EADCAR REX Tl
t'EADCAn- REX-S
1<DVDEMV MOETlli
Dudcuian.Wt. 190.
•^DVRAND-E$ MOT]'(tr. In ficM, •.•
Wt. 210.
J^EZtDC-AR- REX ANC- ^DVRSNDIES MONETAVar. In field, •.*
IWt. 21-4.
Duraud.
•J-EADDAR REX
"^EADCAR! REX!
I-ESDLSR- REX-.-
^E-A-DCAR REX -$•
I •^EADLAR: REX)
i«EADDARTRE-X ANCL
^EADCAR- REX-.-Var. Pellet in field.
fEADQ-A-RREX"
•^ESDGSR REX AC
•i<FA$T-0-LF M-O-N(Chipped.)
^F-A-$TOL-.-F MONWt. 21-4.
^FSSTOLF : MONWt. 20-2.
*F-A-STOL-F -J-MONWt. 20-2.
•i^FASTOLF! MOKEWt. 21-8.
^FASTOLF! MONETA"Var. In field —
,
above and belowcross patte'e.
Wt. 20-3.
^FASTOLF-.- HOIVar. Pellet in field.
Wt. 20-7.
'i'FSSTOLF >X< HOIWt. 21-8.
^FASTOL-F-.ES MOT(Broken.) Wt. lS-2.
Fastolf.
•I-EADLAR-.- REX-T- •i'FAXTOLF ) ES MOTWt. 240.
EADGAR. 189
No.
180
181
182
183
184
185
18G
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
191
195
19G
Obverse. Reverse.
•i<ESDCSn-.- REX-S- 'i'F^rSTOLF^ ES MOWt. 22-2.
^ESDLAR i REX L
^ESDDAR REX 5
•i-ESDL-SR REX
I-FS-STOLF- BOILA^\ t. 19-5.
[PI. XIV. 8.]
^FSSTOLF- BOIGTfWt. 20'4.
4-FS5TOLF V OD-S-Wt. 211-9.
i^ETfDCAR- REX:Var. In field, —
^EADDAR • REX • ANGLOVi(r. Cross puttee
in field.
>i<E-A-DC-7X-R RE
^ESDCS-R: REX I
^ESDCSR-REX =
^EADGAR 1 REX^
«i<EADGAR-.- REXVar. Pellet in field.
i<EZ[DGAR: REX I
"i-EADGSR- R-EX T\
^ESDGSR- REX I
i-EXCDGAR REX AK.
•i«EADGAR RE'i« MT-
HhESDGSR) REX SrC
•i^FSSTOLF RSFNWt. 20-5.
-^FIODVAtJ MONETA G*Wt. 220.
^GRID NONE't'©Wt. 19-7.
"1-liEROLF A MON:\'iir. IVlkt in oneangle uf cross.
Wt. 18-i.
4-HEROLF O MONE-Wt. 24 0.
^HEROLF! MONEWt. 20-4.
MIEROLF: MONETWt. 21-4.
^HEROLF) MONE-T-Wt. 21-2.
MIEROLF^'ES MOTWt. 20-7.
Wt. 22 2.
^IG0LFERDE5 MOTWt. 18-8.
^LEOFNEL M0NETWt. 18-2.
I'LEOFINCiEJ MOT-
1
Wt. 19-6.
Moneyer.
Fasti ilf andiluiga.
Fa.st(ilf andOda
Fastolf andRaCn.
Fioduan.
(iri.l.
Herolf.
Ingulfcr}S.
LcofLelm ?
I^oofinc.
• This may be the initial of a mint, Gifelceaster or Uliioswic. The nioncycr'a name Fiwluan
does not occur on the cuina^^e of any Bub8C<iueut reign.
190 ENGLAND.
No.
11)7
198
199
200
201
202
203
201
205
20G
207
208
209
210
211
Obverse.
't'ESDLAR) REX Tl
•^EADCAR REX TO
"l^EADGAREX TO
Kevcme.
I-PVLFTAH MOI/IETWt. 20 7.
Type iv.
^/ELFSICE MOl/IEWt. 21S.
Moneycr.
4^ALDEYYIHE©
[Pi. XIV. 9.]
-i-EADDAR REX TOD
•i«EADLAR REX TO BR
t'EADCAR RE't-
"i-EADCAR REX TOD
RE^ T
Wt. 20-9.
i-EADMYND MOHWt. 20-7.
i-ELFSTAN MONETAWt. 17-4.
•i«YYIUIC MOTWt. 22-9.
+)VRMOD MONETWt. 20-5.
•• ADLAR REX
-i-EADDAR RE4-
REX
•i^EADCAR REX
RE
^EADCAR- RE^
+)VRM©D MOmWt. 21-9.
Type V.
"i^BAL • • IN MONETAVar. Ill field, .•.
(Fragment.)
«i<BRVNINC mONETAE(Chiiiped.)
[n. XIV. 10.]
^COLENARD mONETWt. 22-5.
-i-LIOFSTAN MONETAI(Chipped.)
"t-NANTIEEN MONETAWt. 22-2.
»i«SAYDTINE ^rmONVWt. 22-8.
Wulfbtan.
JEUa'igc.
Aldewinc.
Eadmund.
Elfatan.
Uuilsig.
purmod.
Type V. i<Tr. a.
^EADCAR [REX] I "fBIRLSCTAN MO]NII
(Fragment.)
Baldwin.
Bruninc.
Ci>lcnard.
Liofbtan.
Manticen.
Saydtine ?
(Saduting?)
Birg&tan.
( 191 )
EADWEARD II.
(The M.vutyh.;
Sccc. A.D. 975; McRD. a.d. 979.
MoTieyerB*
Adelnver.
iElfstiin or Elfstan (Bedford, Canter-
bury).
^Ifwald or Elfwald (Stamford).
JElfweard or Alfweard.iEscman or Escman (Stamford).
.^Sflred or jEiered (London).JE^ehtan, yE^cstan, or JEtstan
(Lyuine).
JE^elmild or Atelwold (Jjondon).
Alhstan.
A^dirold, see .E^ehmld.liuldic [= Baldric] (Bedford).
Beaniene (York).
Bemene, Bermene, &c.
Beola.
Boga, Boia, Boiga, &c. (Canterhnrij,
Chester, London, Stamford).
Brantinc {Norwich).Brilitfer« (Bath).
Biirhstnn or Burnstan (Gloucester).
Cnapa or Cnape (Stamford).
Cvlgrim.
Culm.Cyne?Deorulf.
Dun (York).Ifunic.
Eadnof> (Southompton).
Eadtcine (Wilton).
Eanulf (LiucoLo).
Eanute?Elf.- see iElf.-
Escmaii, see /Escman.ESehn or E«elii [=.E?elm?] (Luff-
wick ?).
Facer, see Lacer.
Fastolf.
Glonmilf?Grim (Stamford).
Grind (Linculn).
Oiinnidd.
Hat'irrim (Lincoln).
Ilancrent, see Nancrcnt.Jlangrim.
Hild (Stamford).
Huitan.
Indolf or Ingolf.
lohan (Extltr).
Isulf.
Knapa, see Ciutjui.
Lacer or Sacur [cf. Wacer^ (Stamford).
Leficold.
Leafen or Leo/rne (Ipsicich).
Levig [= Lifing?] (Lincoln).
Mxhuien.Mana, Manna, &c. {Tamicurth).
3Iannic.
Mantut (Soulhnini)ton).
Megered ( H^inchesttr).
Melsdon.Nancrcnt [=Haacreut?J (Southamp-
ton).
Oda.Ogea ? (Stamford).
Oia, see Boia.
Osniaer (Wartcich).
Osulf (Derby).
Ostadd (Southmnplon).
Biegenulf ( Winchester).
Rodbert.
Saccr, see Lacer.
Sehyhyryht or Sthxburht.
Styrgar.
Surclos, Sumlos, &c. (York).
Sinjrclinc.
Tunulf (Buclingham).J^ulfnd ur Will/ml.Uuiijnr, see WullVar.Willi r [cf. Lacer] (Stuuijurd).
Wigl'irf:
AViiit!<ige or Wynsipo (^Vincboater).
Wilebeart (Ii)s\vicb).
Wine (Cuntirhnri/, Lvmne, Stnmford).
^VullVar or WiilC'iir (Stamford).
AVulfm.vr (Il.rtfnrd).
Wulfi't'iii or Wulntau (Stamford, Win-'rhisii /).
Wynsigc (Wiuchcster).
\?eudgitr.
* The names of moneycrs without mints attached to tliem are rlilefly taken from Ihnlinn's
list. As tliat writer (fives the list of moneyers separate from that of the mints, it hut l>e»n
imposslhle to ronm-ct the former with the latter. The mints piven by Uu.llnK ami not rrpntkntrd
iu the above list, are C'uuibriJge. Lewes, Lydl'ora, O.\ford, St. Ldmuudsbury, aud Ihetford.
102 ENGLAND.
DEscniPTioN OP TypEs.
Obverso. Roverec.
T>,pe i.
IJusI, 1., dindcracd. Around, inbcrip- I Small cross patte'e. Around, inscrip-
tion betwoin two circles.|
tion between two circles.
[Cf. PI. XIV. 11- IG.]
Type ii.
lind r., (liaflrmed. Around, inscrip-
iiuH bdicetn tivo circles.
Hand of Providence, pointing down-
u-itrdx, between A 10. Around, in-
scription between two circles.
[:Montagu Coll.]
EADWEARD II. 103
No.
194 ENGLAND.
10
11
12
13
14
15
Rpvprnc.
HAMTUNE.[SuutUitmpton.]
Type i.
^^EADPEARG R4* I•i«l/lAI/lEREI/IT HAUI
AH EL AVt. 214.
HEORTFORD.[Hertford.]
Type i.
4<EADPEARD REX I "tPVLFM/ER M"0 IIERTArCLO Wt. 20-6
LIMENE.[Lymnc]
Moneycr.
Xancrcntor Hancrent ?
Wulfmaer.
-^EADFEARD REXANCLCOX
Type i.
^-/EOESTSN M"0LIMEN-Wt. 20-2.
^PINE M"0 LIMENE-Wt. 22-5.
[PI. XIV. 13.]
LINCOLNE.[Lincoln.]
Type i.
«1<E7\DVV7\RD E>pAHLL©
riE.^
7\NGL0
^EAD>EAR E^i-
ANDLCnX
•i«E7XNVrb M-©LINDCOLWt. 23-7.
•tCRIND N"0Wt. 22 2.
•i«HAFCRIM N"0 LlhCOLWt. 22 7
jE^cstan(^:«elatan).
Wine.
Eanulf.
Grind.
Hafgrim.
EADWEARD II. U»5
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Obverse. M'jncyer.
•i*E7\DVV7\RD RE^ NQf ^LEVD N"0 LINDOLNE LcvigNVt. -210. (= Lifiiig?).
^EADFEARE'i- Al/ILLCnX -^LEVIC H^O LUDCOL-.-I
\Vt. 2J 0.
[PI. XIV. 14.]
•^EADVVARD RE4-NCLCnX
•ThrEVIC N'OLINDCOL-.-
Wi.-JIT.
LUNDENE.[Luuduii.]
Tyite i.
"i-EADPEARD REX I •i'/EOELRED M^O LVNANILOVC Wt. 240.
LVVEIC.
[LuflFwick?*].
•I«EADPEARD REXANCLCW
Type i.
i^EOELN MTOLVVEIC •.•
Wt. 207.[n. XIV. 15.]
STANFORD.[Stamford.]
T,jp.' i.
i-EADPEARD REX 1 •i«/ELFP'ALD MOAr^LCW STANFOR-
I Wt. -jin;.
^EADFARD REX 4</EXCMAN MOAMILOVC XTANF-
Wt. 11)3.
i<EAD>ARD REX hHL\-~\ •i<ESCMAN MOSTANF-
I Wt. 213.[PI. XIV. 16.]
^'E!'clr«'<l.
E?cln
(= iE?elm?).
.ElfwftUl.
-Esomftn or
K.soinnn.
In Kortharoptonsblre.
o 2
1% ENGLAND.
No,
(1^'"
)
^THELRiED II,
Sccc. A.D. 979; vev. a. p. loi:!; hkst. a.d. luli; dikd a.d. RUG.
AbnXorb (York).
JRad-, xee Ead-.^dwino, Kee Eudwine.JEfic {Shrews.').
JKjlrhh (SJiretc^.).
JEfiflric (Bath, Shaft.).
JEijthcine {Loud.).
JE'qenulf (Loml, Sdif.).
jElewine or Eluwinc [= ^Elfwine](Chest.).
JLlfceM [= Ulfcefcl] (Derhij, Tbeff.).
^ifehn (Bardu., Jlrh., Winchel,Winrh> •:(.).
-lElfpar, Alfijnr, &c. (Aylfsb., Leiceit,
liond., Stmnf., Tamw., Wareh.,Wincht'l., Wincht'd.).
Mfged, JElfgef, Elfyft, &c. (Here/.,
Lond., SoiiUunnp., Stum/.).
.Sn/lieiih, /Elfcdh, \'c. (Hoch., Shreirg.,
Winchfitt.).
JElfmur (Ej-tt., Orf., WuUlncff.).
JEilno«, Elfno's, itc. {AxminM., Chost.,
Exct., Hunt., Leurn, Lond., Sididj.,
Siull..).
JElfrcd (('aid., HiiM.).
^Ifric (Until, Cambr., Exrt., Hunt.,
/>«'/o.,L«/((Z.,Xurw.,Soutliw.,Sudb.,
W'dlinqf.).
JEUryi or JElfnfi (Cant., Lond).^Ifsifio (Burdn., Ilrh., Line, Lond.,
\Varcli.. 117//., Winchf'st.).
^Ifstan, Elfstan, Ac. (Bedf., Chest.,
tlxct.,ir( n f'..Li<i\i\..Lydf'.,Shr(trK.,
Totn., UVhV/k.s/., Yiirh).'
JElfmdd or .'Elfwuld [«-»• aho Alfwold](Lond., Stiunf., Tlietf.).
.ffilfwcard or ..Elfweid \_»ee tdso Alf-nvn/] (Brift., Lcwca, Lond.,
Wallinpf., Wore).jElfiri. [ = yElfwig or .Elfwine ?] (B>df.,
Burl;., Cainhr., Chirk., L(>nd.,Sudb.,
WidUwjf.).
jElfn-ig or Elfirig(Camhr., Lrir., Lond.).
.^ifwinc or Alfirinr. (Camhr., Cln'.«t.,
Chirh., Colrh., Hir,f., Lond., Maid.,
Oxf, Shaft., South ic, Thrtf.).
JEJmair ( ]Vinch<»t.).
jEhrine [ = /Elfwine i'\ (Crichl).
JErgrcd.
^Eacmaii (Line, Stamf).
Moneyers.
AJ^rtl., .Ewtli, Sec. (L^md.).
JEmririg (Stanif.).
^?ulpar (Shaft., WiuchcHt.).JEfelm (Chirk.).
^?Llni:ur or Efrhn/vr (Line., Doul.,Oxf., .S/(.///., Ware).
JEfflman (Haric).-ESelnoS or Eielno^ (Line, South-
amp.).
.ESelric (Bath, Ilrh., Lond., Milton,
Oxf., Shaft., 'Wareh., Wane,Wore).
JEfchigr (Bath, Crirhl, Lond.,Southain/i.).
^Selstan (Hunt.. Winrhr^t).
^?el\verd, &e. (Harie, Utrti'., Lond
,
Siulh.).
jEiehn. [ = .Efelwiii or -Eyelwrini]
(Hrrrf, Lond., Skaft.).
.Efel trig {Jfvref., Leie, Skaft., Wore).jEJelwiiieor ESelwine (Crirhl., Heref.,
Line, Lond., Mahl., None, Oxf.,
liomn., Slanjf., Winrktiit.).
.E^^ibrod [ = .Eftltcold ?j ( Lond., Tlietf. ).
^Efthrold, A^elwold, &c. (Lond.,Thetf.).
JE^ehnjrd [ = .l>f/irt<ird?] (Stamf).yE?el.-, dec td*o E?el.- .
vES^ered or /ESenjd (Lond., Lydf.).
iEfestan or Efentan [= ..E^eLstan]
(Bath. Bedf., Bndqn., Chirh.,
Crirhl., Ex.t., Hunt., )>../.</., Lydf.,Lymnr, Shaft., Stanif; Wunr.,Win<lic.-.t.).
Alri>iq, (Chi*!.).
Aldr'td (Loud).Alf'iar, n»c ..Elfijar.
Aitnld, *,, Alfwuld.All'i'taii. Alfftiau. Mi< .ElfHtnn.
Aificrd [ = .Elt\V(ard] (Haft).Ailwald or AltV.il.l [= .Elfwold]
(Bath., /.(.;../, Oxf.. Staf., Stamf.,
Slanw ii'k, Thrtf., Widiingf., Warm.,Winrlo-t., Wore).
Arnrytrl ( York).
.{rn>or, Arnfur, Arfur, &c.
Ai>r,t<l, Aorytel, A'c. ( York).
Auril (Loud).Asewij; or E-wig (Stamf V
Anftri ( York).
1!»8 KNCiLANI).
AfiiKin (Line).Aitiiil [ = /liir/7:'] (hind.).
Ai»)lj\)r .1 «!///( Yorlc).
An'^rif' (.Vorir.)
A?irllllf (Luli.l.)-
A?ol.-, see aim) Ai'iv\.-
JhihU,'.
n,,ihhil/.
Jtiil'iiit.
Jl.'ul.u, ( y»rh).
BuorlinocS, Ikrlitna*, Byrhlno^, &c.
(Sitilh ,Winclicst.)-
flinriiiilf or lUnriiiilf {Hi itf., TjoikI.).
lit rill iii;ir, liiiUlm:ir, lUjilitmnir, &e.,
(Ui'l-rr, Lunil., Jtorh., H7«r/,<'.s/.).
H.Tlitnii* [=l{c()rlitn(.?i] (Windiest.)-
Jt, rhlirhir, linhiiriui', \c. ( Yiirh).
llhhljir^ [s/c uJ^o Jh/rhtfir^'} {Loml).Jfiiliixiiji; Jiijrhtxiiji', ike. {Biiriln., Exit.,
Loiul., W'lirih., Warir., W'incheKl.).
Bhicemnn {Ikrhij).
Boga, lioije, Boitj;a, &(;. (L'ant., Cliexf.,
Herir., Line, Loud., i>outhw.,
Thd/.).
Boia [= }} lijra] (Caut., Ihrtj'., Line,Shim/., Wilt.).
Brnntinc {Ipi<a:, Xonc, Soitthw.).
Jinstiui.
lirdi r„l {York).
Brilitlaf or Bvrlitlaf (Hortf., Lond.,
Sii.lb.).
Brihtnof', &c. [cf. BurlitnoX, &c.] (Lond.,
Siiiitliamp., Winrlii-xt., Yorlc).
Brildric or Bryhtric (ll'are/t., Win-chid.).
Brildiriiie, Byrhtwine, &c. (Ojrf., Totn.,
Yorh).
Brihtiriild or Byrhtwold (iojuZ., Sltaft.,
Windiest.)-
Brumnn (^Lond.).
Brtin or Bruna (Exet., Lydf.).
Bruiirjiir (.S/ocifs.).
Bnininc or Bryiiinr (Soiitliainp.).
Brun.-taii (Loud., AVindust.J.
Bruutat (Line, Lund.).
Bntnti^ ?
Bryhtred ( Winchr»t.).
Bryhtric, .s< *' lirihtrir or Byrhtrio.
Burhxiiin [ = Bniustau or Byrhstun?](Winrhi-st.).
Bynic (^Soiithdinp.).
Byoija {Dover).
Byrhsige [ = Byrnslije'} (Bardn., Exet.,
Lond., ]yiirih., Wdrn:, Windiest.).
Byrhstiin or Bi/mstan {Kyivt., Heref.).
Byrhtfer^ {E.rlt., Lond., Totn.).
Byrhiidf, »ee Bvrhtluf.
Byrhtrfm {l>iidh.).
Byrhtio'S [Byrhtno'&] {liinii).
Byrhtlaf, see Brihtlnf.
Byrhtmar, fic Bcrhtnmr.
Bvrlilru)^, Ac, nre ncorbnoiS.
Jl'yrhtrcd ( W'.nrhixt.).
JJyn.tri.' { = Bryhtrir'] (Exet., Sniilhw.,
Siidl,., 'I'Im'iI'., Wallinijf., Wanh.,Windi.st.).
Byrhliriiir, HI I' lirlhl irini'.
]{yrlilwold, «»-'• Ilrihlmtld.
Jtyri [= Byrnin'i'i^ {Southaniji.).
liyrnlmj [= Bruning?] {Suuthamp.).('iirifj (Loud.).
Carhi (Exet.).
Ckicc {Lond.).
Cinrir {Dunr, Norw.).(kiixi(ji', Ciimige, &c. (Dover).
CculiioS, CiolnuS, or Ojlnu^ {Lund..
Sidb.).
C'ltel, Ki'p. Cylel.
Ci)tii { Wiiichext.).
Cltelhe [Cytel?] {Yorlc).
Clem {Ciiinbr.).
Citit or Cynt [ = CnM<?] {Camhr.).
Coiyrim [ = Colgrim ?] {Lxmi'i).
Coldicine, we Goldwine.Coleman {Ox/.).
Colgrim or (jolgrim (Line, York).
Cristijin, Crintin, or CristUn {Stamf.).
Cudi {Exet.).
Cuna, Cunua, or Cynna {Chich..
Windiest.).
Cynsige or Cunsige (Dover, Lond.).
Cyid, [see also Cnif^ {Camhr.).
Cytel {Exet., York).Cytlbern or Cytlern {Line.).
Cytlrx 1= Cytlbern'^'] {Line.).
Jhrul [= Diendf, Deorulfi'\{Lond.).
Daiitin[x] (Y(irk).|
Deursiqe {Lund.).
Deoruhg? {Clint.).
Diliun (Heref.).
Diorenuin or Vyreman {Lond.).
Direicine or Dyrewine {Tliet/.).
Dirsi[ge '?] {_= Deorsige ?J {Lond.).
Doda or Dodda {Dover, Totn.).
Diidrig.
Duru-ine, [see also Direicine'] {Bed/.).
Dranting.Dreng (Line).Dnulf {Lund.).
Drhii-old IDrildiroldri {Land).Diida [.<rt Dud,,'] {Cant.. ]yinclted.).
Dudel or Diohle {Exet.).
Du/ndm [ = Dy/nehn?] {Chest.).
L)un {Leic.).
Duncild {Guild/.).
. Duustau {Chich., Exet., Guild/.).
Ditran [see Durtan] {Yorlc).
Diirand or Durant {Wore).Durtiin [ = )?urstan ?] {York).Dyremun, sec Dioremun.Dyrewine {Tliet/.).
DyrhtmnT.
^THELR.ED II. 199
Eadeafge [ = Ead8ip:e] (Wimhest.).Euililiit or Eihbu (tjnul.. liach.).
Eadf^ur (f ewes, Loud., Tliott".).
Eadliij (Loud.).
Eddiitiur (Exit.).
Eadnmiid or Edmund {Camhr., Colrh.,
Line, Lond., Norw., Sduthumi).).
EaduoS (liridijn., Cliicli., Loud., lioch.,
Wincliixt., York).
Eadric or Edric (Cambr., Chest., Exit.,
I^isiv., Lond., Taunt., Tlwt/., Wull-
in(jf., York).
Eadnioi [ = Eadno^?] (Land.).
ii(i(Y«/[;/ ?] {Dnnw., Lond.).
Eadsig, Eadsige, Edsigo, &c. (Dover,
Hast., Loud., Koch., tihnics.,
Winchcst.).
Eadsme [ = Eudsige?] (Lond.).
Eudiitan, Edstan,i>rii'a^s^(;i (Ashdoicn?,
Bath, Exct., Lijuinc, York).
Eadwacer or Edwunr (Xonc).Eadwerd or Edwcrd (Loud., Lijnine,
Kocli., Thef/.).
Eadiriov Edwi [cf. Eadwiiic and Edicni']
(licrtf., Lond., Borh., ^Y((»;//.,
Sndh., Thitf.).
Eadwiiif, Jvlwiiic, &c. (Canihr., Coluli.,
Exd., Lond., yionc., Iloch., SontJiic,
atiiinf., Thet/., Toni.i, H7/<., Win-clicst ^
Eadwod{_= Eadirold.'] (Thctf.).
Eadwdld or Ediculd (Caut., Lond.,
M(dd., TIatf.).
Eahl<i(ir (Loud.).
Ealdivd (Lond., Maid., Malm.).
Ealhstan, Eahtan, kc. (Lond.).
Earner (Line).
Eamnnd (Jjind.).
Eardnoi (Lond.).
East id/ [= Fastulf] (Thdf.).
Eidstan, see Eadstan.
Er/eri (Lond.).
Edwinnc, see Eadwino.Edaf, see Eihif.
Eda (C<(mlir.).
Edidhriht (Line).
Edclm (Lond.).
Edtlrir(Lon<l.).
Edi-red (Lond.).
Edid.-, see (dso JE^cl.-, and l'>ycl.-
Edfecer-i (Yorh).
Edric, see Eadric.
Edsige, see Eadsige.
Edstaii [= .ESestau?] (Hatli).
Edword, see Eadwerd.Edwi, see Eadici.
Edwiij (Lond., TIatf., WaUiwjf.).
Edwino, see Eadwinr.Edwinei [= Ed\vint;r'] (Hunt.).
Kh(Minc l-Elfwinii] (Chest.).
Eilaf or Eiloj[- Ecl<t/f\(\'nk).
Eilofa-ine (Sotithw.).
Elolniht [= Ellbriht ?] (Stanif.).
Elem<Hl [ = 7;/r/(oS or El/no's ?] (Cheit.).
Elenof, [ = AV/„oS?] (rh,-4., Lond.).
Elewinc [ = Kitwinu ?J (Cliost., Ctilch.).
Elfij't (Lond.).
Ell.-, Sre also .Elf.-
Eoda ( \\'ullin(jj.).
Eodman [lor CJodman ?].
Erowine (Derby, Thdf.).Esrea (Stamf.).
Erosiulf l=Erostuir}(York).EseiU'i (Limd.).
E-iwig, see Axewig.Eijrhitd (Exit.).
Eijrsifje (Wareh.).
Efdrine [Efdicinc^ (Lond.).
E5el.- see also iESul.-
EiL'llan (York).
E.rrf'i n (J^inc).
E.ts^ulf, see Eastulf.
Farenian\_= Farman7'] (Line).
Farman ( York).
Fast..lf, Fastulf, Fasulf, A:o. (Tamic,
Thitf, York).
Fiielnii 'i (Lijmne).
Fierseih ?
Folcard, Folcoard, iVo. (Xnrw., Thttf).
Frost iilf or Fros^nlf ( York).
Frv?iniuiid (Winchcat.).
Fij'hdt.-e ( Thelf.).
(iarlin (Linr.).
Gandf (Wore).(life (Line.).
Clioilivine, see Godwino.(I..d (Cadb., 7ij'./.,llch., Lond., Sudh.).
Cioda or Godda (Chest., E.\et., Jedb.,
I.ond., l>vdf., Shaft., Totn., H ore).
(Tddiog, Codi'ij, Arc. (Stanif.).
Godifer^, Godferh or Godifry^ (Gidb.,
Jjeices).
Gudihf, (iodolcof, Gmlleow, &c.,
(Stamf., Winrheh.).
Godt-man or (iodnmii (Cant., Cridd.,
DiiVir, Glour., llanr., Umf., Letce*,
Line., Lond., 'I'hdf., \Vini-hr.-,t.).
(,'.../,)• or (iodcro (Li.iid., Stamf.).
diidrii or Godiiil. see Godll'g.
(Jodinc(L/V., b.\f.).
(•<( iniaii, see Godcnmn.Godra (Lond.).
(iodric (Ihdl'., liridqn., Camhr., Caul.,
Colrh., 'lorCK I|V-,w., Loud, /,(/.(/.,
Lijmni', Staff., Stawf., Sudh.).
Godrii'o [ = (;o.i\vin<-] {Sidhunj).
Godu-ic [ = (i'("/(/V?J (liiiar.).
Godwiuf (Canilir., Cant., Coldi., Drrhij,
Dover, Exrt., (Jlouc, /^wir, Liue,,
Lond., Lijdf., liorh., Salish., Sid-
mes\ Sta'wi'., Siulb., Thitf., Tow i,
Totn., W'm'xw. Will.. Wiuehest.).
200 ENGLAND.
Cohi or <;,,ll,i ( Ynil;).
CohUInn (LririH).
(ioldiis (SiiUhU., Will.)-
(Joldwiiic (CaiiL, Loud., Korli.,
]Vinchi'M .).
(li<hjiiiii, Htr Ciilf^rini.
<;riiii (Line, Loud., Tliotf.).
<;iiiid (Line).(liiiKir, (tiinvr, fn\ (Drrlnj).
(iiiuhiriit {York).
GuithofuY (lu„nhof{(:h<d.).(iimni'(l{cdf.).
(Iitin'tiiii ? (Lhif.).
Jlanrrt'iif, Mniini'iit, or XaniTcnt.Jliiniryttl, >:ri' Ariirijtil.
llvii\\u\( (Chirli.J.inu\.. South ir.^Sudh.,
Wiiirhrsf.).
Hereht'ilif, llerebn-lit, Ilcicliyrlit, &c.
(Li'wcs).
Hiviilf or Hcnnilf ( ]]'i7irh('Kt.).
//, ,r»//- [ = Hoa\vulfy] iChich.).
jrianii >
JUIdnlfor Hildnlf (York).
Uihh'iq,' {B,dh).
Hundolf or llundulf [= Hildulf?](York).
Ifiiiicmtni (Tdtn.).
IIuiKwini' {Ex(t., T)mr., Tulii., "Watch.).
Hiiitiit [JIitni(i<i'} (Bardn.).
JIuniiia (Ihirdii.).
JfitiiKt<ni {C'Duhr.).
Jlicdi^mdii [Ifiridcmdn^ {Xoni\).
Umdamdii, Hwafenian, or Hwatmau{Ihrt'f., Norw.).
JA/.sv ( Wiinr.).
Ingelrie (Wincbcst.).
Iru, Ire, Irra, &c. (York).Jiti'ijd (Hdtic.).
Imjod, Isgod, or Jncitqad (Exct.).
Jiifiiic [ = Lufini'] ( W'lirr..).
Jiilsfdit [ = lus(a>t ?] {Line),luxtiiii {I^iiic.y
Ki/iiKi'ije, see l3yn.sigc.
La?of.-, see Leof.-
jM/e [of. Lefa] (iMml).I..cta, Lera, Leo/d, <tv. (Hast., Lcwcs).Lefinc, Looiinf, see Litinc.
liCf.-, see (dso Lcof.-
Leifwiue [ = Leofwiuc ?] {Letuj =" Line.?).
Lei/foTt)? (Of/ord?).
Leofa^lm [= Lcoflielm?] (Shrews.).Leo/ddg (Stamf.).
Leiifijar {Here}'.).
Leo/ij't {Mdhii.).
Leo/ijnil ((V/VA7., Soutlidnip., Wore).Leotlit'lm (Slirews.).
Lecfhese, Lenfhyse, or Leofhuse {Dover,Ilch.).
Leofinc, see Lilinr.
Leojine [= Leolwine] {Windiest.).
Leiifnuin {C'liisl., Ipitir., Line, Oxf.).
Jjeofmer {Norm.).
Lenfmon (('lirM.).
Leo/mo^ [ — L<-ofrio}5 ?] (7>>n/Z.].
Leo/n[oif]{llitnt.).
Jjeo/iiod, Lcofno?i, LiofnolS, &c. (lied/.,
ddmhr., Cdnt., ('hint., Lcwei),
Ijond., Mdhn., Hlireicn.).
Leafred. or Liofred{C(deh.. L(HuL,Sndli.).
Lcofric, Lefric, lAofrir., &<;. (('ant.,
Ihiver, Ezel., Ilurd., Ilrh., Ijisii\,
Line., Lund., Lyiniir, J^'orir., Koch.,
TnnuB., TlielJ'., 'Wulliiujf.).
Leqfriiie, see Ijcofwinc.
LeofrjiS (Lond.).
Leolnigo {Omdir., Glouc, Ilch., Ipsw.,
Slireifs., Sonlhiunp.).
Lcofstan, Liofstnn, &c. (Aylesh., Cant.,
Colrh., Jiisic, Ijeices, Loml., Xoric,
llomn., Southump., Southw., Urtf'i,
York).I.,enfsittiu {Exef.., Shrews., Windiest.).
Leofwig (Colcli.).
Lcofwinc or Liofwinc {Bnth, Bed/.,
Chest., Dover, Lewes, Line, Lond.,Mdld., Mdlm., Nevir?, None,Ilimni., iSoutlidmp., Stdnif., Sndb.,
Tiiniiv., Tdiint., Thilf., Walling/.,
Wilt., Winrhrsf., York).
Leofwohl or Liofwold (Cant., Colrh.,
Guild/., Lond., Sotitlutnip., Wane.Wilt., Winchest.).
Leo/fefjn {Thef/.).
Jjeortuin, see Leo/man.Leoivsige, see Lcofsige.
Ijeva, see I^efa.
Lifinc, Lifiiig, T^efing, Leofiuc, Lufinc,
Lyrinc, &c. {Bed/., Cant., Ijjsir.,
Line, Lond., None, Southamp.,Stam/., TT'((/ir.).
Lind {Lond.).
Lineri [= Lio/rir'], see Leofric.
Liof.- see Leof.-
Litman, see Lytclman.IJvegod or Liu/god {Lond., Stdm/.).
Living or Liwing {Lond., None.).Luda, Ludia, or Luddn (Exct.).
Lu/d \c/. Lefa] {Slui/t.).
Linnar {Here/.).
Ljye/ea or lAjva [of. Lefa] {Hast.).
l.iyfinc, see Lifinc.
^^'/./>';/'' [-Lnfsige?] {Dover).Lytchuan, Lyfeman, or I^itmnn (Ipsw.).
Mxrtin or Murtin {Shreics., Wore).Mdn or Miinn {Wtdlinnf., Wore).Miinn or Manna (E.xct., Line, Bornn.,
Tint/., Totn.).
^lanrri nt, see Hanerent.Mangoti (Exet.).
jMatiing or Manning {Dover, Norw.).Manicine {Coldi., Hunt.).
^TIIELR.ED II. 201
Mercicine (Leices).
Mna'i (Thet/.).
Nancrent, see Hancrent.Oban or Odun [cf. Oda] (York).Odii, (hhht. Odea, &c. (lp»ir.. Loud.,
WiiUiiKjf., Wareh., Winchtst.,Wore, York).
Odcofel [= O^cefi'l ?] (York).Otlirrim. see OJSgrini.
Odu [ = Od,i ?J ( Yorh).
Off? (Stanif.).
Of/M [ = Of/<(?] {Hunt.).
Oierhd ? (Curbrhhje ?).
0/j7„ ( Vorl:).
Onl.if (Lewes).Ur(ll)rij,'lit (Winehest.).
Osalf, Onolf, or Osidf (Derhij, Ipmr.,
Loiul., Tlietf., IW/t).
Onheren or O.x^eyvt {Thttf., Wilt.).
Oxcetel, Oscyte), &(;. {Cainbr., Cliext.,
Loud., York).
OsferS (Udvcr, /vr/c, Line, Loud.,Rorh., Thetf.).
Oxfnnii ? (Line).Osgar (Bed/., Derhij).
Os(jod, Osgdt. O.xLciit, &c. (Hunt., Line,jA»id., Winciie.^t., York).
Osmxr ( Wiireh., ]\'arw.. Won-.).
Osmund (Line., Loud., Stum/.).Osulf, see Osalf, &c.
Osverd.
0.swi[jr] (Bcdf., Lo7id.).
Oswold (Lcwcs, Lond., Xoni\, A'ott.,
Shrews.).
On^<irim, see O^j^rim.0?ibeni or Oufhern (Line).O^eneitr (Loud.).
0(5grim or Oii^grim (Line, York).
Oiulf (Chest., Yorh-).
Jl/egenhidd.
Jt-eqeinilf' ( Wiiichest.).
l{;el,u„ld [ = Ba;ejenold?] (Line.).
Itiifei, (Line.).
Hienlf (Chest., Shrews.).
Kodl)urt or Ilodbert (Line).Sicilnc? (K.xet.).
Sienian (8alisb.).
Surteff (So no.).
Hicwini! er Sin-ine (Criekl., Exel., Hunt.,
S(disl)., Shiift., Wilt.).
Scot (Slum/.).
Seertthrdnd (Sttim/.).
Seoleii or Sijoird (Soiithump., Wim-hi si.).
Sereloms [ = Stereol or Snurteol ?J ( Yorh).
Sihf, [cf. SilM)d,i'](Winehesl.).
Sihodii or Sdieodo ( Winehest.).
Sibw iiu> (Lciiid.)
Sib?ine?(L()nd.).
Sideman (llorh.).
Sidcwinc, Sidwine, Ac. (Cnnhr , I'ohh..
Creenirieh, Lond., IJcieli).
Siije/eri ( Wore).Kigeric (Watch.).
Si(jeul/ or Siijelu/ ( Walliug^f'.).
Siejeirine (Chest., Wore).SildodiCi (Mixflmii).Siol/[ = Si,jcul'/f} ( Walliwi/.).
Sired (Clour.).
Siric ( Winrhtst.).
Siwtdd or Siirold (Ipsw.).
Siiwine, nee yidwinu.Snelinij (Line).Snol/ (Line).Soi'iiiud [ = <'><«'»« 1/ HtZ ?].
Stegenbit (Line).Stefjeneiel (Line.).
Stcureer. Stirrer, Slyrctr. &.<•. (Line.,
York).
Stircol ( York).
Suiuerleda, Snmtrlefa, Siuiierlid, iic.
(Line, J\o//., Tiietf., York).Sitniijod [=Codsnnu'f] (Line., lAind.).
Sunol/ \,T SunnI/ ( Yorh).
fewartgar, Swe<irtcnr, &e (Sundw.,Stum/., Yorh).
Swcgen (Client., Line).Sirert [= Swertgnr'i^^Stam/., Yorh).
Swerteol, \e ( Yorh).
Swertiiie, Swvrtine, &c. (Xurw.).ISwetine (Colrh., Luud.).
Swetman (Loud.).
Swelijs (Lond.).
fewileuian oi Swilman (Southinnp,'\,\'iii-
C'llt'st.).
Wwyiling [= Swerting?] (Tlietf.).
Sijolat, see Stolen.
Toca or Toga (Cleh., Crirhl , L-.u.l
,
Miild., Winelost.)
I'lnnnie [= Tuma?J (York).Tuna (E.\et.).
'J'uni mnn (Sonlhic, Sudb.).
'I'liniiif (Buck.).
Udhrmf [M'/7/<,»H?J.
Linits, sir Winns.
lJI/[= Wnl/j (Clint., Line., Yorh).
Ulfeetel, iVe (Line, Xurw., i'ntln V,
York).
Ul/ijrim or Wul/ijrim (Line).
V'l/hi (Soul hum)).).
InUgn, Unbeiii, Ae. (Line)./ 'iiswoe (Shn ws.).
I ri (York).
I'nimnnd, sir Wilmund.W.il.iist, Welgi^t, W,dtist,k<.\ (Thclf.).
W.rl'is^ [= Wiehjisfl] (Thel/.).
Wallfer."" (IpHW*).
Wnnstiin, see \VtinHt4in.
IIW/7eWi n'liis, see Winri/os.
U: n'siiie [ = Wiii^'iqe] ( 117//.).
Wih^ilje (Clour.).'
]\'ihninid ((.'<iml>r.).
202 KN(;r,ANi).
Will or W inn ( W'nIliiiriJ.).
ir/m/[x] [=)i7/i«?j '(cv«z/>., rv.H-/.-.,
Jlrh.).
Whit: {Ihiihjn., Lymiir, Tnmir.).
Wiiu'il<iH, W'l/iiKjiiH, \'c. ( Yorlc).
Wiimiifi; Wyiisitjr, &c. {L'j'tl., Loml.,
SlimrK.).
Wintrrlxlu ( Ynrl).
II '/(//)( ()/•;), Wlllfhrnrn, &c. (Liiic).
W>ilf[sernUo'UI(}{CaHt.).Wiiilali {Liiir.l
'
Wn'UvUn or Wuinwlm (Cudb., Ildi.).
^Vulft?ar, &c. ((Ainihr., Hunt., Line,Land., Sfiimf., Wilt.).
Wnlfiintt, Wnlfijit, &c. (Le/c, Line).Widjiji-ini, xtc I'lfijrim.
Wuiiina;r, Widumr, &c. (i?arrfn., Jedb.,
Line, Lond., Norte, Shrews.,
Totn.).
WullnoS (Cok'h., Dorr/t., Jlirif., Lcir.,
Itoinn., Loud., Southavip., Thiif.,
AViiK-lifst.).
Widfiid, Widford, or Wul/njd (Lond.).
WuitVic (C/»W., Co/c7j., i/e)</., Xf/c,l.iiu'., I.tnul., Southamp., Wareh.,Wurw., Wore).
\\uW\i:c (Cumbr., Verljy,Exiii.,Li/nd.,
Vnrk).
WultVliui, (fee. (^y.?, Cant., f'olch.,
Jhrhij, iJovt-r, EzkI; Letcen, l><jiid.,
Slum/., AV'iiiclifHt.)-
Wiilt'wi or Wnlficiij (Cant.).
WuUwiiii- (Ciilrh., Ilth., Line, Lond.,(i.rt:, Wiiiiintrf).
Widhif i,Y WijIhifiChiHl.).
AViiI.-t'un [«< uho WulfHt;in] (Stamf.).
AVun.stiiM or Wjnstan {Bath, Chich-Winclifst.).
"\Vynsi<,'u (Kxut., Lond., Shrews.).
]?ciid(iiir (LciiX'n).
]y(,d\irhl pi'odfjyld, &c. (Line).pL-odrrd (Line, Lond., York).pif.uir (Lond.).
poniid (Chfst.).
porcetel,\)uTccte],&c. (Line, Southamp.,Torksev).
pore/ [ = porril ?J (Lond.).
\?or(jrini ( Yorh).
por.<i(jc (Lund.).
pon<t;in, por.-^lun, pnrstan, ic. (Line,Xorir., Stamf. , York).
pond/, purnll, &c. (Leie, York).
piiifjod (L'j:it.).
Desckiption of Types.
Obverse.
Type i.
Buist 1., diademed. Around, inscriji- I Small crosss pattc'e. Around, inscrip-
tion between two circles.|
tion between two circles.
[Cf. VI. XV. 2, \-c-.]
Similar; bu?^t r.
Type i. var. a.
I
Same.
[Cf. ri. XV. u.j
Tyjye i. rar. b.
Simihir : hii4 I.: in /runt, sceptre, I Same.
cross pomiue'c.\
ruii.l
JE'niELB.XD II. 'j(i:;
Obverse. Kcveree.
Type i. nir. c.
Similar; no suejitre in fn lut of Imst. I Similar; five crons^ea jinltt-Vrt tirmnged
I
in lurm of cross; ctnlral i<uv hirgeat.
[Cf. ri. XVI. Kl]
Type i. vur. d.
Similar ; bud I., dhkling hyend. I Siniifdr; fundi crogs pidt^i; <Ic., a$
[llild., ri. 'J, Type A. rar. c]
T(/y)e i. rar. e.
Similur; no inn>:r circle around huM. \ Same.
[Hild., ri. :i, T.jpr A n/r. /.]
7'.»//» ii.
liitd /., iliiultmcd. Around, aov;-/;*-
//o/( bttiriTU hro c•//v•.^^•.
Hand iif I'roridi'urf inituiiuj from
rliiitd^; nHLithertddi, A, (jJ. .-Iritj/Hf/,
iiiiicription hetirn u tiro virrlm.
[lliia . I'l ::. Tin.. 1$. 1.
Siiiiil:ir; Im.-I r.
Jypi- li. rar. a.
ISame.
[Cr. l'\. XV. S]
204 ENGLAND.
Obveno. Kcverae.
Simi'htr.
Type ii. vnr. h.
I
Shiiil'ir ; on cilhcr k'kIc of llanil, U) A.
[Tlild., ri. 3, Type B. 1, rar. c]
Type ii. vitr. e.
Similar; in front (f hrntf, Kcrptrc, cross|
Similor ; on cither fida (f Unni\, A GD.'pomm.€ii.
Similar.
Simihir.
[Hiia., ri. 3, Type B. 1, vor. I.}
Type ii. var. <1.
I
Similar; lines curved ()U_twards issuing
I
from clouds, and ^ W.[Cf. ri. XYI. 10.]
Type ii. I'nr. e.
I
Similar ; ^pithout letters on cither side
of Hand.
[Hild., VI. 3, Type B. 2, rar. a.']
Type ii. rar. /.
Similar; sceptre, crofs pa ttec. I Similar; Hand of Providence giving
Itlie Latin benediction ; i.e. thirdand fourth fingers closed ; cross in
Iclouds.
[Ct. ri. XVL 14]
JETHELRiED II. 205
Obverse. Ueveree.
Type iii.
Bust 1., diiulcmcd. Around, iuscrip-
tiou between two circLs.
Short crosrt, voided, frcquenlly witli
jiellet ill centre : in uii','k8, C R V "p.
Around, inscription belwecu twocircles.
[Cf. ri. XVI. 12.]
Type iii. tar. a.
Similar; in front of bust, sceptre, I Same,cross pummee.
|
[Cf. n. XV. 3]
Similar ; hast r.
Type iii. vcir. b.
ISame.
[Mild., ri. 4, Type C. var. c]
Ty2)e iii. var. c.
Similar ; sceptre, cross patt^e. Same.
[Hild., PI. 4, Tyjyt' C. var. d.]
Type iv.
Jhtd h, diademed. Annnid, inscrip-
tion hrtircen two circlcn.
Long rr(ni», voidrd, fn'/uintly trilh
pi'lUt in C( litre; tarh limb ttrmimi-
iiu/j in thric criHrtntt. Around,inscriiition : outer circle.
[Ilild.. ri. 4, Tyi>r D ror. n ]
20() ENGLAND.
Obverse. Reverie.
Tijpc iv. v<ir. II.
Piniilnr; rudo bust 1.; ins(!iii)tion I Sjiino.
(liviilcil by bust.|
[(Jf. ri, XV. 4.]
Type V.
Bmt I., in armour and radifde helmet. I Small cross prdf^e. Around, tnscrip-
Around, inscription divided by bust. \ tion between two circles.
[Hild., ri. 4, Type E. var. a.]
Type vi.
Bud I., in armour and radiate helmet.
Around, inscription divided by bust.
Long cross, voided, each limb terminat-
ing in three crescents : pellet in centre.
Around, inscription : outer circle.
[Ilild., PI. 4, Type E. var. &.]
Tijpe vii.
Bust h, in armour and radiate helmet.
Around, inscription divided by bust:
outer circle.
Long cross, voided, reaching to edge ofcoin ; pelht in centre ; iti angles,
C R V X. Around, inscription : oider
circle.
[Hild., PI. 4, Type E. var. c.}
^.THELR.ED II. 207
Obverse, Reverse.
Ti/pe viii.
Bust 1., in armour and radiate helmet.Around, inscription divided by bust
:
outer circle.
Square with tliree pellets at eachcorner: over it, bisecting; the sidi-s,
loHf^ cross, voided, each limb termi-
iiatint; in three crescents ; |H-llet
in centre. Around, in.scription
:
outer circle.
[Cf. ri. XV. 1.]
Type ix.*
Bud h, in nrmonr and rndiate hrlnut.
Around, inscription divided by bust
:
outer circle.
Long rroKs, roidtd, each limh tcrmi-
mttiiKj in three crc»rnit» ; in I ft andith angles, crescent. Around, inscrip-
tion : outer circle.
[Ilil.l., ri. 4, Type F.]
Type ix. var. a.
Similar ; rude bust I., dividing inscrip- I Same,tion. I
[Hild. Pi. 5, Type V. var. a.]
Type X.
TJie Agnus Dei r. ; belon; 7^ • C : vithin
border of dots. Around, inscription :
outer circle.
The Holy Dove. Around, inscription
outer circle.
[Hild., PI. 5, Type G.]
• Tlic Bfyle of this nnd the next type <b certainly Danish.
208 ENGLAND.
Obverse. Eevene,
Type xi.
Thr Aiinn* Dei r.; halow, on tithlet,
ACN. Around, inscription: outer
circle.
Small cross patttfc. Around, inscription
between two circles.
[Ilild., ri. 5, Type G. vnr. a]
Description op Coins.
No.
2ETBELIIMD II. 209
No.
9
10
Obverse. Reverse.
BAOAN.[IJutli.J
Type i.
•i'/EOELRED REX AN
ANC
I</EOE57\N- ON BROWt. 2«;-7.
Monoyer.
'I'ALFFOLD ON BA€)\Vt. 18«.
[PI. XV. 2.]
Tij2)e ii. rar. (Z.
«i^/E€)ELR/ED REXANCLCOX
-i^/EOELRIC MOBAOANAVt. 211.
7'(/j)e iv. far. a.
t'/EDELR/ED REX|
^-/ELFRIE MO© BADAfCLOR Wt. 20 7.
>^-/E€>ELRIi: MnO BAO7\rCL© (ricrctd.)
„ „ ' I'EDSTAN Mn© BA€>; Wt. 2U5.I
^EDXTAN M-n-O BAOANILCOX Wi. 2';\i.
BEDANFORD.[Bedford.]
Ti/ih; ii. viir. (t.
I^/EOELRED REX 4-O5PI MONETA BEDAFANILOVC
iWl, 2bi>.
Alfwold.
/K?Llric.
^Ifric.
iEiSelric.
Kdtitnn
(= JE»cbUu?).
08wi(g).
12
1.'}
vol,,
Tijpe ill. tvir. n.
^/EOELR/ED REX I i'/ELFSTAN MO BEDA' .i:ifBtuii.
ArcLcnx Wt. 21 :>.
Typt! iv. f'/r. (7.
^/EDELR/ED REX I ^'CVNNI Mt© BEDA j (Junni.
ArCL©I
Wi 27 2 '
II. !•
210 ENGLAND.
No.
iETHELR.ED II. lill
Ko.
25
2G
27
28
29
30
HI
32
33
34
Obverse. Moneyer.
"f/EOELR/ED REX ^^PVLFPI MO C/ENT WulfwiANGLCaX Wt. -JlL'. ( = Wulfwig?).
Ti/jte iv. wir. '».
*/E€)ELR/ED REX >^E/\DP0LD Mt0an:l0 C/ENT
\\i. 25 8.
t/EDELRED
Endwold.
AfCLO^CODPINE M-0 C/ENT I tJ.Khviije.
Wt, 22 3.
"^/EOELR/ED ., >->GODPINE MnOArsCLOVC E/ENT
Wt. 2G0.
I-LEOFRIE MnOC/ENT
Wl. 2t;4.
R-EX „ >^LE0FSTAN M\QI C/ENTI
"\Vt. 2J0.[PI. XV. 4.]
Type viii.
«i</E€>ELR/ED REX AN:
„ ANCL
^D0:DMAN M0 C/ENT\Vt. 182.
^L•E0F$TAN Mt0C/ENT
Wt. 20 2.
CISECEASTRE.[Chichester.]
Type iv. iv/r. <(.
•t/EOELR/ED REX 1 i«EADN0O MnO CISCANLLCW
I
Wt. 27 0.
[I'l. XV. 5.]
COLENCEASTRE.[a.lclio.stor.]
Lcofrio.
Lcofstaii.
OcHlmnu.
Lcofstnn.
Type i.
•i«/EDELR/ED REXANLL
^-/EDPINE MQNCOLENWt. I'.»3
KaJnoJ^.
vlMwino.
I- 2
212 EN(JLAND.
N.p.
3r>
3G
38
39
Ti/pc iii. v(tr. a.
(JJroken.)
^PVLFNOO M^O
H/EOELR/EJD REX i [•I-TOJCA M^O i:OLE[N]
COLNWt. 190.
Type iv. var. a.
4^/EOELR/ED REX I^LEOFPIG MQ© COL-
ANGLO Wt. 19-9.
Muneyer.
Trica
Wulfno«.
Lcofwig.
DEORABY.[Derby.]
Type viii.
•^/EDELR/ED REX AN! I •I'EREPI-NE MO DEi Erewine.Wt. 16-4.
DOFERAN.[Dover.]
40
41
42
43
^/EOELRED REXANCLOR
Type i. var. a.
^DODMAN M-QNDOFR
Wt. 20-4.
[n. XV. 6.]
Tyiw ii. I'ar. d.
^/EOELR/ED REX I ^OSFERO M"0 DOFRAANCLCOX
I
(Chipped.)
Type iv. var. a.
Godman.
l«-/E€>ELR/ED REXAhCLO
„ ArcLcax
^CODPINE MTO DOPEWt. 25 2.
^LyNSICE MQODOFERWt. 25 2.
Type viii.
"I--/EOELR/ED REX- I ^CyNSICE MOO DOPEAf^L Wt. 21 5.
Osfer«.
Godwine.
Cynsige.
Cvn.sijjo.
JiTHELli^U II. 213
No.
21 I ENGLAND.
No.
iETHELRiED II. 215
No.
72
73
74
75
76
70
80
81
82
83
84
Obverse. RfVirso.
•i«/E€)ELR/ED REX «i«£)yRSTAN MO EFERAN:L0 I Wt. 21G.
Type ii. rar. a.
•tEOELRED REX ^EILAF M-^O EOFERArCLO Wt. 20 4.
•^/EOELRED REX ^F/ELLAH M~0 E0FEArCL AVt. 21 G.
"t'/EBELRED REX AtilL J'FAXTVLF MO EFORWt. 172.
[•i<]/EDELRED REX ^^CHVJNDOLF M'O EFOANC-- (Broken.)
ii</EOELR/ED REX i'ODA MOhvETAANLLOK
.
EFERFIEWt. 22-5.
•i-/E€>ELRED REX HhTVnnE n^O EFERPICArtLCnX Wt. 2o 2.
Type iii. rar. a.
i'/EOELR/ED REX | I'OBAN M"0 EOFRPIAfNCLCnX
Type iv
•»j<-/e€)el-r/ed rexam:
t'/E-DELR/ED REXan:l0
•i-/EeELRED REXANGLO
p/EOELR/ED REXAr^LCW
HhEOELRED REX ArCL
85ANCL0
Wt. 20 5.
^EVTEL MQ0 E-0FRWt. 22 2.
•i-EADRIE Mt0 E0FRWt. 220.
^<LEOFXTAN Mt0EOFR
Wt. 27 2.
4<0OCRIM M0 EOFRWt. 21 4.
t-iVMERLDA MT0EOFR
Viir. Crops j>iitt«'<'
iu Olio untjlo of
cros.s iiiiil pollft
in nnotlit-r
Wt. 21 4.
I^VLFLETL MO EOFR •
\'iir Annult't in
li.i.i
Wl 2.'. 2
Moncver.
purstaa.
Eikf.
FiL'Uun.
Fastulf.
Ilundolf?
O.la.
Tummo( = Tuuiii ?>
Oban.
CytL-l.
Eutlric.
Ix-Sifstun.
O^prini.
Sumcrloda.
llfovliL
21G ENGLAND.
No.
8G
87
8S
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
Obverse. Reverse.
"i^NIEVNCII ONTI'ar. CroHH pattc'c
bcliiml liUHt.
•i^OEODRED ON EOWt. 170.
Type viii.
^/EOELREO REX TVfSC «^EOLCRIM MO EOWt. 21-8.
^/EOELR/ED „ T^r^LO I-HILDVLF M :0 EOFWt. 21 1.
•i«IRR7X MO EOFRWt. 21-8.
•I^NEOELRED REX TXfSC .^OBAN M~0 E:-OFRWt. 22 0.
.^/E€)ELR/ED REX i "^PVLFZICE MtO EOFR7\fsCL0 Wt. I'J-2.
•i<EDERED REX ANLLO I-OOiRXTrAN MO EOFVar. Crescnit in
one angle ofcro.«s.
Wt. 200.
GEOOA.[Jedburgh ?]
»i-/E£)ELRED REX7\n:lo
Type viii.
I'F'VLFM/ER Ml©LE0€)A
Wt. 20-4.
[PI. XV. 7.]
GIFELCEASTER.[Ilohcster.]
Type iii. var. <t.
^EDELR/ED REX, ^LOD M~0 LIFELE
AMILOVC Wt. 22-3.
•t/EDELR/ED „ „ ,
>^LE0FSILE M"0 CIFELI
Wt. 22 8
MoiipyjT.
peodred.
Colgrim.
Ilil.lulf.
Irra.
Ol.an.
Wiilfdige.
porstiin.
Wulfmaer
God.
Ijcofsiffc.
^PVLFELM M~0 CIFELj Wulfelm.Wt. 2.-)
„ GIELEWt. 18-7.
iETHELRiED II. 21'
No.
218 ENGLAND.
No.
^THELR.i:D If. 219
115
ik;
117
118
119
121
122
Obverse.
HEREFORD.[li.rrlonl.j
Type iv. i-ar. n.
•J^/EGELR/ED REX I ^ByRHSTAN Mt0AN:L0 I l-ERE
^Vt. 21 S.
•h- „ ,. "^DILION MO0 HERE7\ISCLCrV( Wt. 2J 2.
HUNTANDUNE.[Huntingdon.]
Ti/pe ii. vnr. n.
'i'/EOELRED REX 1 i'P'VLFC}\R M ONAfSCLCnX HVNTAN
1 Wt. 21-1.
Type iii. tvir. a.
>^/E£)ELR/ED REX I 4^/ELFRIC M HVNTArcLcnx
I
Wt. 21 2.
Type iv. ivir. «.
^/ECELR/ED REX ^/ELFRIC MOO NVNT
Moneyer.
Hyrbdtan.
Dillon.
Ar\CLav( Wt. 22 f).
•^©SDVT Mt0 NVNT7\fLLQ- I Wir. IVlkt iu li.ld.
I Wt. 25 0.
Type viii.
^EDELR/ED RE:X AhCI
^EDELXTAN MT0 HVWt. 22 0.
L/EPES.
[I -owes.]
7'i//ie i.
^EOELRED REX ^^/ELFfERD ©N :L/EP:EiANLLO Wt 21; 7.
Wiilfgar,
.Elfric.
.Elfric.
<)..gut.
.i%I%elfl(aii.
Jilfwcnnl.
220 ENGLAND.
No.
123
121
125
12G
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
131
135
Obverse. Reverse.
•^/EOELR/ED REX ^/ELFFERD ON : L/EP:E;ANCLO Wt. 21 G.
^ „ „ TIN I }<LEFA ON L/EHPE-AWt. \'J-5.
'h „ „ 7XNCI ^LEOFPIfJE ON L/EFEWt. 18-7.
-l-EeELRED REX ANDL- ^ONLAF MON LEFE
Type ii. rnr. a.
4-/EOELR/ED REX I .^EADCAR M"© • L/EPEANGLCW
I(^{base. Worn.)
Type ii. var. d.
Hh/EDELR/ED REXANCLCnX
4-HEREBREHT M'OL/EPE
Wt. 20-7.
•1^/E£)ELR/E[D] REX
ArcLcrpc
Ti/pe iii. var. a.
•i^LEOFNOO [M]-0L/EP
(Broken.)
„ L/EPEWt. 23-2.
^LEOFPINE M~0 L/EPEAVt. 21-5.
Wt. 22-5.
^OXPOLD M~0 L/EPWt. 2G-4.
«^/E€)ELR/ED REXAMLLCnX
Ty/je iv. rnr. o.
M-EREByRHT Mt0L/EP
Wt. 24 0.
LEIGECEASTER. Etc.
[Chester.]
Type i.
4^/E€)EL-RED REX ANC «^/ELFNOD ©N LEC-CWt. 20 0.
I
Moneyer.
Lcfd.
Loofwine.
Onlaf.
Eadgar.
Ilercbrcht
(Uereberht):
LeofnoS.
Leofwino.
Oswold.
Ilercbyrbt.
^lfno».
iETHELRJED II. 22 L
No.
•;•>•; KNOLAM).
No.
mo
ir.i
152
15:5
151
loo
15G
157
158
159
IGO
IGl
162
1G3
IGl
Obverse. Ucvcnic.
^/EOELR/ED REX -I-LODPINE- MOOANCL LINCOL-
I Wt, 210.
4^/EDELnED REX '
-fCRIHD ]A~0 LIHEL^\ALL W't. 21-2.
[I'l. XV. l».j
^/EOELRED REX ANDL 4-OOBERN MOO LINE(<lii].po.l.)
"^/EDELRED RE^I^ AUG- ^RODBERT I/I O Lll/ID
j
Wt. 22 4.
^/EOELR/ED REX -^VLFCETEL MO LINEANQL Wt. 20 4.
•t'PVLFRIL MO LINEOIAfSLLOR
IWt. 20 G
Type ii. rar. n.
«1</E€>ELR/ED REXAf^LCW
•I^/EOELRED REXAISCLO
•i^RODBART MOLIISDCOWt. 2G-2.
^VNBECN M~0 LINEOLWt. 20 2.
Ti/pc iii. far. a.
«I-/E€)ELR/ED REX . pSTECENBIT MO LINAWILCW Wt. 22 2.
,. AISCOVC ^VNBECN M"0 LINAVt. 21-4.
Type iv. var. a.
X-/EGL-RED R-E-X X/E-^CMAM N0 L- HE1\-\(D Wt. 24-2.
^/EDELR/ED REX ANIL •^/EOELNOO Mt0 LINE^Vt. 20 3.
^EOLLRIM MO-©ArciLox lin:
I wt. 280.
^/EOELRED REXANCLO Wt. 19-2.
^/EOELR/ED REX •^DRENC MOO LINIANIL- Wt. 25-2.
Moneyer.
(todwino.
(Jrin.l.
OSbcm.
Rodbert.
Ulfcctcl.
Wiilfric.
Rodbart(Rodbert).
Unbc<jn(Unboin).
Stegcnbit.
Unbegn(Unbein).
JEscman.
^SelnoS.
Col grim.
Drcn?.
iETHELR.ED II. 223
171
172
173
174
175
177
1G5
^24 ENGLAND.
No.
iETHELRiED II.
No.
194
135
19G
197
198
199
200
Obverse.
^/E€)ELR/ED REX ^COD M"0 LVNDONIANGLCOX Wi. 22 0.
„ „ ^LEOFSTAN MTQLVND
Wt. 23 7.
„ „ -^OSALF H ON LVWDIWt. 19 G.
Moneyer.
God.
Lcofstan.
Osalf or
Ubulf.
208
209
VOL
J«FVLFM/ER M-Q ' Wulfiua-r.
LVNDON '
Wt. 22 U. :
•i'PVLFRIC M^O I Wulfric.
LVNDONIWt. 22 7.
T-PVLFSTAN M^OLVNDOWt. 20 7.
Type ii. rar. d.
•i^/EOELR/ED REX I •i</ELFCAR M'OANGLCTVC LVNDO
Wt. 21 3.
201
22G ENGLAND.
No.
.IITHELK.ED II. 007
No.
22.S ENGLAND,
No.
/ETHELU.KD II. •1-1\)
No.
2; 50 ENGLAND.
No.
.ETHELR.ED II. 231
No.
287
288
289
2'JO
291
292
293
29-1
295
Obverse. Reverne. Moneyer.
•t'/EOELR/ED REX "I-EALDRED M"0 MALD Ealdrod.
ArCLOVC Wt. 23 G.
NORDPIC.[Nuiwicli.]
"I'EDELRED REXA-NLL-OI
Type i.
"^HPATEMN M"0 ' HwntemanNOROP: orHwatuiun.Wt. 19 8.
[Pi. XV. 1:5.]
Tijpe ii. ntr. u.
^/EDELRED REXArCLCW
^FOLEERRD MONORO
Wt. 25 0.
[I'l. XVI. 1.]
FolccarJ.
T^NILOVCI<M7\NNIC M~0 Manninj;
NOROPIE(Chipped.).
I
Type ii. vur. d.
>i>(InscrintiondouhIestruch.)\ ^M AN INC M~0 NORPI Maning.W t. 210.
i</EOELR/ED REX ^SPVRTirC M~0 NORO Swyrtinc (or
ANELOVC IWt. 21 1. : Swurtino).
Type iii. rar. n.
•i'/EOELR/ED REX]
"^SPERTIfSC MO NORO Swcrtinc.
ArCLcax Nvt. 25 1;.
Tyi>e iv. vur. a.1
^/EOELR/ED REX |i^/ELFRIC MO-0 N0RO .Elfrio.
AfCL Wt. 21 8.
Typi viii.
4«/EOELR/ED REX I •i'HPATMl MO N0RC,
IlwaU-mun.
ArCL- Wt. 22 7.
232 ENGLAND.
No.
MTBELTiJEB II. 233
No.
2151 ENGLAND.
No.
31 ;5
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
Obverse. Reverse.
SIOESTEBYRIG.[Sidbury V]
i^/EDELR/ED REXANLL-OR
Type i.
^EIOLNOO 0NSIOEXTEB:
"Wt. 21-3.
STANFORD.[Stamford.]
Type i.
•J^/ECELR/ED REX, .J</E£)ELPINE MO
ANLLO
J^/EOELRED REXArCLO
„ 7^N
•I^/E£)ELR/ED „ AND-
„ ANLL'
^/EDELRED REXANL-
ST-A-N-Wt. 23 0.
J-ZEDELPINE ONSTT^NF-^^'t. 24-2.
"I^EXPIL M-Q STANEWt. 170.
•i^LOD/EL M"0 STANWt. IS 0.
»I«L©DELE©E ONST7\-NFWt. 25-2.
"i'DODELEOE M~0 STAWt. lU-i.
„ AHF ! i'OEE M^O STAHF0I Wt. 19 2.
Tij}ic ii. var. a.
^/EOELRED REX I ^^PVLSTAN M"© XTANANCLO-
I Wt. 26 4.
[I'l. XVI. 6.]
4«/EOELRED REX T^fSCL
Wt. 26-2.
Moneyer.
CioInuS.
^iSelwine.
Eswig.
Godffig.
Godeleof?
Ofe?
Wulstan(Wulfstau).
/ETHELR.EU II. 235
No.
230 i:N(iLANl).
No.
^THELRiED II. 1^37
No.
2:;.s enclanh.
.ETHELR.ED II. 239
No.
240 ENGLAND.
No.
.ETHELR^D II. 241
No.
212 KNULANlJ.
No.
(^-^•>
)
CNUT.»
Rrcc. A.D. lOlG; died a.d. 103o.
Moniyers.
Aria or Aden (Cambr., Hunt.).^ad.- see Ead.-JEthmin (B>ilf.).
Miicc [= yEifric?] (Extt., None).JEijelUriht (Cliich., Ijisu:).
JFlfid/crii (None).Ji:gclm (Cbich.).
^gelmxr (Bath, Biiihjn., Line).iEgelric (ChM., aioiic, Ox/., Shaft.,
Southw., Windiest.).
^gelsige (Hast.).
JEgdicard or .^E^relwcrJ (Loud.).
iEgehvig or L'gehcig {Hch., Lcic,Winchcst.).
.^gelwine or Egelwine {Bath, Brist.,
Crichl., Liic, LonJ., Southw.,
More, York).
^gfrye[= iElfiydVl (Lond.).
JEgifinun or .iEisman [= Jilscnian ?J
(St;,ml).JElhriht 1= .r.gelhrihf] {Ii>nc.).
JFAilfdm, .Eltelm, &c. (lirewt., Cadb.,
Cainhr., Slirtics., Winchett.).
JElfige (lioch.).
JElfeh or ^EU'en {LonJ., Boch., Stam/.,
Wincliesit.).
^l/ere ( Yorh).
Al'lftr^ (None).JElfgxt or /W/git (Lond.).
M\i\i\xT (Bardn., Lond., Southw.,
Wareh.).
Mflieah or /Elflieh (Slinw*.).
yElfiioTS (Cbest., Hunt., Line, Salixb.).
yElfred or JElfnjd (^Cant., Hast., Lund.,
Salisb., Wilt.).
iEUrir-, JElric, tic. (AxmiuKt., Batli,
Brid., Cant., Chist., Chich., E.xet.,
Line, Lond., None, yiiaft.,
Soutliw., Wiucbest.).
JF.lfric Moglu (None),yld/nje [ = .7i7/r/cr] (Lmd.).^ilsige, >$^H>i g. -LV/xiV, &o. ("C «?!.",
Chest., illouc, Ilitnt., Hell., Linr.,
Lond., Southanip., Southie, Taunt.,
Walliiuif., Winchuat.).
uElfstan, jEUl^m, Aljft<in, &c. \Dorrr,Lond., None, Tumie, fVill.,
Wiucbest., York).
..lilfwouTil, yTJI/icard, JK\fvn iiI, .h'l-
iCfard, lie. (Aijltub, Chi ft., llaat.,
Jtdb., Lewes, Loud., Loiun., Soutli-
anip.. South te.).
2EUv.i or El/wi [ = .EIfwig. or JEK-wine ?] (A\lesb., Cambr., Cant.,
Htnf., Leic, Lond.,.s7<i)/i/., Thrt/.).
JElfici and Swencel (Limd.).
^Eltwig (Cambr., Cunt., Hire/., Hch.^Loud., WaUiufjf.).
.iElfwinc, .Ehvine, \c. (Bath, Breici.,
Brid., Buck., Ca;j<., Chest., Colch.,
Criekl., E.xet., Ileref., Ib-h., Lend,,Lydj., Maid., Or/., Salijtl>., Shaft.,
Southamp., Southw., Thetf., Totn.,
Wallingf., Wilt., Winchcst., Wore,York)
/L7/(rnR'J/us(/7<./i.).
yEl/icoll, fre Alfwold.yh'Igi'ltrine [ = iEgel\Nine ?] (Crichl.).
.Umxr [ = -iV//Ha.r] (Bch., Wilt).
jUgcnutn (SUnii/.).
JEscwme ( Wallintif.).
jEstan or Estan (liath, Winchiisl.).
yEdan Loc ( Winchtat.).
J&dhcrht or .Etdhriht (fptw)./milm (Chich).
iE?ebnii;r (TIch., Line).jTj' fhnan ( Wini-hmt.).
uE?ebln^ (Line).JEfdred (Winched).xEX.lric or /Eyerie (Datli, Chest., Oxf.,
Sha/t., Winchett).
Jh^ddan ( Winchid.).
^mdtcerd(Uunt.).jE^i hri or -4 ?( ltd [ = JEf'dtriq or .Ei'el-
wine](/W(.. I.^ie,Mahl.).
iE?el\vin<\ E^ehvine, ie. (Ai/bdi.,
Criekl., i/r/i.. Lane, Ltic, lAind
,
Maid, Southw., Winched., York).jTJf dirolil ( Sorie ).
.£lcric, tee iE^cIric.
• No coins arp known of fxlmnnd " IronsWo," fon of .f:tbilr»«l II.. «b«j rrlgtu-d. m rir»i MoKto Cnut, from Ai>ril lo Xnvcnibcr, 1016. In .Si>v. nib«r b* obUln«^ bjr uckly »«»• b«if of Omkingiiom (Wessex. Essex, and East Aiigllal, and dtrd the sam« niontb.
• R 2
ENGLAND.
(•III Hi ).
/i::".'.^.-tuiiI
.K''. l-.tiiMyl (Simiif.).
Ali'Hi oi J//-/ (.Kir>i-Vj (Clii.-l.).
AHwiil.l, AHwul.l, or .i:ij,rol,l (Until,
(ixt., JliM-h., Their., WinflioHt.,
ir..r.-.).
Air.-^.<' uImo .Klf.-
Ariii'flcl, Aiifi/lil, Iuiriiryttl,fcc. {X<itt.,
Won-., York).
Arm.If (York).
Axriitrf [.l-/////•=,l^/.';•^?] (}'„//.).
A^Jrrf' ( l.im:, JaiihI., Yorh).
Abgod, An^^out, Asguut, &.c. [ - Oagod ?]
(York).
Aglac [ = ()«lac] (Line).
Ax^rif) {Xorw.).
Ala [of. Ada] (Bardn.).
Bum mini, »rc Blacauiiin.
Jl.tlliir {Line).
Jl.ol.i, DoUiv, &o. (Glouo., Shdji.).
Ik-oni (Y'ork).
13liu-aiiuin, Blaccnian, &.c. (Guild.,
Nott.).
Bhimian (Xott.).
I{ojrji[= Boipi](Dovir).Bolhi, )*.r Binla.
Borstiix (Lond.).
Bnvntinc or Brunt iito (Line, Southic).
Brand {l<lamf., Yorh).
BrilitnocS, ncfi BrilitnocS.
Bronstaii or Brehdun [=Brunstau?](Malm).
BnfrroliYorh).BrimUin (M(dm.).Brid (Hast.).
Briluhn [= Brihthdm'] (SoutJno.).
Brilmtiin or Bruhstan [cf. Brenstau]{Midm.).
Briht/.r^ or Brildfr.vi (Lond.)Brihtina'r (Jhnr, Lond,, C^onlliw.).
Brihtiio?, Byrhlno^, Ac. (Cliich , jrast.,
Lond., Mtthn., Tlutf., Winchcst.,Yorh).
Brihtrcd (Cant., Land.).Brihirir (Linr.).
Brihticin {<>.rf.).
Brildiri [ = Briht\vinc?] (Creirk.).
BrihtwiiK' (Crichl., Land., Oxf.).
Brihtwnld (Lond., U inched.).
Brindiin, stc Brunstau.Brnina [ = BrunianVj (Lijdf.).
Bruniin or Briinuiaii (Colch., Loud.).Jhnn {Lond.)Itrnnrtnn, «< Brunstan.Brun-nir, Bryngar, &c. (,Lond.,
Shrews.).
Bruniuo, Briining, Brunnir, &c. (Bath,Lond.. Malm., Xott., Yorh).
Brnnman, ««> Brumau.Brutistnii, Briudint, &c. (Lond., Sand.,
Stmn/., Tiu If., Winchcft.).
Itrnnltil [= Briin8tnn?] (Line).
lirnnirln- (Staui/.).
Jlri/niii (Lond.).
Brijninr, nrt; liriitiinc.
Itiiri irinr ' Widliuiif).
Jtnrhirold or Biinrold { Winch:d.).
Jli/rhdiin or Jlyrndun (Taunt.).
Byrnni [= Byrnsigc ?] (Bardn.).
C'/i/'l (Ilch.).
Cicrla or Carhi (Exd., Jidh.).
Cwtil, gf'c CetcL('(iJdiirim' (Liir n).
Colic (Lond.).
Curil (Lond.).
Carta, Hce Cserla.
Cas (SVinchcst).
Catoelin (Stanif.).
Ctoca ( Winched.)Ccolno<5, Ceolnafi, Ciliwf, &c. (Chest.,
Dtrlrij, Maid., Yorh).
Cftol or Cijtil (York).
Ciniicig (Line).Cin.sige (Dover, Southamp.).Cindan (Dover).
Cniht, see Cyniht.
Cnofeln (Richb.).
Clint (Line).
Cnytcl [ = C///e/]("Cuet." =Cant.?).Codric, see Godric.
Colaman or Coleman (Lond., OjcJ'.,
Wallingf.).
Colbciu (Chest.).
Coleman, see Colaman.Colgrim, Colcrim, kc. (Line, Y'ork).
Coliini [= Colling?] (Lewts).C-orlae
Creiewine.Crinan, Crinna, or Crunan (Line,
Lond., Shrews., York).Croc or Crorl (Chest.).
Croa[ = C;w/](Chesr.).Crucau or Grucan (Y'ork).
Crurn or Gruru (York).
Ciinhof, see Guuleof.Cwulin, see Cairelin.
Cyniht or Cniht (Cambr.).Ci/nna (]\'inchest.).
Ci/til, src Cctel.
J)anJin[j-;\(Yorh).
Ihorinc (Land.).Piorsige or Dyrsige (Hert., York).Iknrine (Thetf.).
Ihnlda (E.ret.).
Jheni] (Line).Drojia or Drowa (Winclicomhe).Ihumjar [for Bruugar] (Shrcics.).
Dunstan {Lond.).J>nruig (Lond.).
Eadijar or Edgar (Lend.).Kadmund or Edmund (Lond., Xorir.).
Eaclno?, Ea'^nof', kc, (Hast., Hunt.,Lond.. Eoch.).
CNUT. 245
Fadred, Edrcd, &c. (Lnnd.).
J'Jadric (Ai/ltisb., Loud.).
Eadsi [= Ead^ige?] {Dover, LomL).Eadsige, Edsige, &c. (Dover, Exct.,
Jjond.).
Eadulf\_= Eadwulf] (Loud.).
Eadwc'urd, Eadwenl, Ivhvi rd, \c('LM\{\.,Sontlnc., tttaiut"., Waliiiigf.,
Wiucliixt.).
Eudichi or Edwig (Loud., Oxf., Thrt/.).
Eadwine, Edwiiie, &c. (Gimlir., Cunt.,
Colrh., Dover, I^xit., lifwes, Ijoud.,
Ox/., iSouthamp., Southw., Staiiif.,
Taunt., lliet/.. Walling/., Wln-chest.).
Eadwold, Edicold, &c. (Cant., Loml.).Eacrn (Li)nd.).
EuMabeard or Ealdeberd (Exet.).
Euldrcd (Litvcii, Loitd., llidf.).
Ealgar (Loud.).
Eardnoi or iVc/«o<5 [of . Eaduo<5](Zo«(?.,
liontn.).
Earncijtel, see Arncotel.Earngrim or Ennin'm (York).Eerie [ = Elric y] (Stevu.).
Edel.-, see .E?el.-
Edgar, see Eddijar.
Ednuer (Exet.).
Edric or Ediric [see aho Eadric]
(ILrrf., Tpxir., Lang., i/;ic., Luiul.,
U'aunt., TlietJ'.).
Edsie or Edsii [= Edi3ige?] (Dover,Exet.).
Edsige, siee Eadsigo.Edsigcwarc (E.xet.).
Eduta (Lond.).
Edwuld, see Eadwold.Eduar or Edward (Lewefi).
Edwear [= EadweardV] (None).Edwerd, sec Eatlwcard.
Edwig, see Eadicig.
Edwiiie, see Eadwiuc.Ejic (Xorw.).
Egelwig, see iEgelwig.Egelwine, see /Egclwinc.Egligt?(Bed/.).
Eilu-iije-^ [ = yElfwig?] (Th<f/.).
Eh,ri<i [= .Eir\vlg?i (Here/.).
Elf.- see .Eir.-
Eht(U(tst.).
Endiwern (Chest.).
Eoli (Ol^iis'O.
Estaii, see Jlistan.
Etsigc, &c. \_see also Eadsigc] (Dover,
Exet., Hast., Lomi., Stdi.^b.,
Shrews.).
Eistan [cf. ^h'stn7i:] (Here/., Shreic*.).
Etiige [ = Et8ige] (Shrews.).
E5ii.-, see iESel.-
Fxrgriin, Fargiim, &c. (Slam/., York).
Ficri'ciii, /'Vc/^of, Ear?ein, \c, (lluid ,
York).
Ealgar [= Ealgar?] (Land.).
Fadolf, Fastulf, ifcc, (Ipsw.).
Fereman.Vh c>.ifl (II( ref.).
Folherd or FoUired (Ip-sw.).
Fre^en-iiie or FriSiwiue (Steyn.).
Fre«i[c](Loiid.).
Fri^col (York).
Garidf(]nnchest.).Gcerlaf (Ipsic).
(iimulf, see Grimulf.Gnorine (Roch.).
God, Goda, Godd, kc. (Extt., Ilc'i.,
Land., Shaft., Winehest., Wore).Godaman, see Go Imaii.
Godan [ = Goda <>r Gudinan?] (Exet).Godcild, Gotcild, &c. (Wateh.).Godcira (iMud.).
Godefro?, ( Jodefri^i, &e. (Cant., Lewes).Godela^ (Hunt.).
Godeleof or Godleof (Hunt., Loud.,
Stamf.).
Godeman, see Godman.Goderc, Goddere, &c. (Lond., Maid.).Godgnd [=(to(Z] (Lond.).
Giidic (Gh)uc.).
(Iodine (Land.).
Godleof, S(e Godeleof.
Godiuiin, Godaman, Godeman, or Gor-man (Br 1st., Cant., Crickl., Dov«t,Hunt., Jjewes, Lond., Oxf., llomi.,
Tlietf., Winehest., Ynrk).Godrie, Goodn'r, Gotiie, &c. (Bed/.,
Cant., Chest., Coleh., Derby, Gloue.,
Hunt., Ilch., Lino., Ijond., Lyd/.,
Lymw, lioiim., Southamp., Stand'.,
Winehest., York).
Godric and Calic (Lond.).
(iodric and Swot (Lino.).
Godsiine or Godsnnu (Cambr., Cant.).
Godiri [ = Godwine?] (Chest., Lond.).
Godwine, Godwin, fee. (IJrdf., (.'amhr..
Cant., Chest., Crirhi., (J lone., Ilrh.,
Lane., Lang., Line., Loud., Maid.,Mylf., Norw., Oxf., Uoeli., Sidish.,
Shrews., 8t;imf., Thil/., Widlim/.,Warw., Winehest.).
Godwine Cas? (Winehest.).
Godwine and Ceoca, Ac. ( Winehest.).
Godwine anil Widia ( Winehest.).
Goerc [= Goderc?J (I.ond.).
Goine (iMnd.).
Goldus (Salisb.).
Gonian [= (;odninn] (Lond.).
Giiuwine, See (iodwinc.
Golsidin (Ipsw.).
Grim (Cambr., Tjond., Norw., Shrews.).
Griman.(Jrinieclel or Grimcytel (\Ano.).
(Jriinolf, (Jrimulf, Ac. (York).(irncan, ,«< Crne.m.G ridigar.
lilO ENGLAND.
(Jrurn, $re C'rnrn.
(Iiiiiliiritt ( York).
(Jmiliof or f 'iiM/«(»/(ClicHt.).
<liiu»iij(Itnnr).
(IuhIoii, (Jimlin, &c. [«« nlno lustiii]
(Mil.- ).
Ilntimin i>r llutnmn [= Ilwnliman?']
(Sorw.)Ifitirf'rrnut (J.inr., York).
ini.lolf or IliMnlt(Ynrk).
Jlil.lr.<l (Crirhl., Yorl:).
Iliiun or lliiuiiti (iU'i/m).
lluiiiin:m (Kxft., Soiithw.).
lluiicwino (Exct., Lntul, Watch.).
H iriihmnn or lIicatiiKtn (^Uurck., Nunc).Iliihl (TA^nd.).
Jiiiiniis (Li/mnc).
lr.-(Y(irk).
l^ajoil {Kx(t.).
Imirttnl ( Winrhed.).
luBtffrt'ii, lubtt'in, Iiutin, ludan, &c.
(liinc).
Tiadniier, see Leodmajr.Lnii'l/tri.
Lcoiwaf, [= Lpofwino?] (Stamf.).
J,rrif [ = Leofric ?j {Steijn.).
Lvfit, see liCofa.
Lrfti [= Leofa?] (Sonihamp.).
Lffxtan and Swcnc {Lond.).
Lcmriuin, see Leommmi.IjCinheii, scr I.cofd.-vn.
lA'0(liiia>r, liadiuaT, Leoi)uvr,&c. (Line.,
Wiiu'lu'st).
Leofii, Le/d, &e. (Chest., Lewes).Lciiftlicu [=Leof(legn?J (Staiul'.).
LcofJesCn] (Stamf.).
Lcofidxg [= Leofdegn3 (Stamf.).
Leo/qixr or Leofgxr (Here/., Lond.,Totn.).
Leojlii re (Hen/.).
litofiiic or Leofing, see Lifinc.
Leof, I [= LeofiioriV] (Here/.).
LeofnaH, LeofiioS, Lio/no^, &c. (Cant.,
Chest., Gloiie., Here/., Lewes,Southiimp., Wiiichest.).
Leofrod (Lund.).
Leo/red and Brun (Lond.).
Leofric (Dnch., Cunt., Chieh., Diinic,
Hert., Ijyuw., Line., Lond., None,Southic, St<im/., Theif.).
Leo/si, Leo/sig, Leofsige, &c. (Bath,B'df., Caiubr., Chest., Glonc.. llch.,
Ipsic, Leices, Lend., Stamf.,Warm.).
Leofstan, Leostm, Linfstan, &c. (Cant.,
Ipsw., Lond., Sidisb., Shreics., Win-che*t.. More).
Ijeofstegen (Ipsic).
Ijoofsunu (^V inoliest.).
X^i/iri Q; ?] {Chest, Line, Lond-,Wavfh., Wane).
Leoftriff(Cnmhr., Cliest.. Lond., Wanr.).
Liofwiiw, Li'ifwine, kc. (" Acxewo*'Hall,, llrdC, lirist.. Cant., (JIiohL.
CUi'h., Ci'ilrh., Dover, Kx<t., Hast..
Hunt., Ilrh., Lewis, Line, Lond..
Maid., Norsv., Itnrh., Honin.,
Shrews., 8idl(., Southufiip , St;inif.,
Thetf., Wal:ini;f., Wahlurjh.,
Wiirw., WinelnHt., Y'orh).
Leofwold (Lond., Shrews., Soutluimp.,
Stnnif., Wincliett.).
Leomnr [= Leodtn.-cr] (Jedh., jAmd.).
Leomman, Lcmman, Sec (Lond.).
Lcomred [=Leofred ?] (Loud.).
Jjeowi [= Lenfirig ?] (Chest., Warw.).
Leowidi (Che*t.).
IjCoSan (Line.).
Lerman (T<jtn.).
Jjewerd [cf. Liofwerd] (Lond).Lifine, Lcofmg, &c. (Chest., Crleld.,
Exel., ILrl., Ipsw., Line., Lond.,
Oxf., Ri-tf., Soulhw., Thetf., Warw.,Winrhent.).
Ufwidya (None.).
Ia(.-, see also Leof.-
Lindwin (Line.).
Liofhelm (Line.).
Lio/'man (Lond.).
Liofn (Bedf).Lio'fnoii [= Liofhelm?] (Line.).
Liofwerd (Ijond.).
Liof.-, see also Leof.-
Liwinc [= Liof\vine?] (Chest.).
IjOc ( Windiest.).
Loda [ = Goda?] (Cswa?).Lufa (Siiaft.).
Luferic [= Leofric ?] (Wore.).
Lufestan [^Leofotan?] (Salish.).
Lufwine [ = Leofwine?] (Dover).
Lyiinc, see Lidne.MacsuT>a[n] [= MateTian?] (Chest.).
Man, JIaua, ^lann, or Manna (Exet.,
Line., Norw., Tlietf., Wallingf.,
Welmcsf.).Mangod [cf. Godman] (Bedf.).
Maninc (Dover).
Mansige (Siidb.).
Mutan [= Mate«an?] (Line.).
Mutaian and Balhw (Line.).
MateTian, IMatSan, &c. (Line).Moglu (Norw.).
Moleman (Lond.).
Mas (llch.).
Nieici (Lond.).
Noridf (Stamf.).
Nor'fimin (Lewes).
Olm? (Fxind.).
Oda, Odea, or Ode ("Dnceniti" =Windiest.?, Ipsic, " Meonre,"Winchest.).
Ordltriht ( Winchest.).
Or.iric (Heref.).
Orisf, Orst, &c. (Camhr.).
CNUT, 247
Osharn or Osborii [gee also Oibern](Dorch., YoHO.
Osferft (Liuc).
Osfram [= Osgram?] (Line.)-
Os(jar {Dorch.).
Osgod, Osgot, Osgut, &c. {Line,York).
Osgrim, see O^grira.Osliic (Line, None).Oslaf {Lond.).
Ontnnnd (Line).Osulf (Loud., Theff.).
Onioard or Oswerd (Stamf.).Oswi, Oswig, &c. (Ilcli.).
Oswald (Norio., Nott., Stamf.).Oustman ( York).
OiSgrim or Oc^grim (Line, Yorlc).
Owulsige (Here/.).
O^au, OMii, 0«?>in, &c. (York).O'iharn or Othern (Line).Oibi (No7-w.).
Ot5grim, see Ou¥grim.Ofi^encar {Lond.).
Kicfen (York).Riciuilf, liienidf, or Iiinidf CSorw.)Kuiistiin [=Brunstau?] (Thctf.).
SiL'grim (Xott., Thetf.).
Sieman {Salisb.).
Ssewino {Brist., Exet., Hythe, Lijdf.,
Oxf., Shaft., Totn.).
Scula or Sculaa {Exet., Yorli).
Secoll or Sdecol [of. Snecull^ { Yorh).
Seolca { Winched.).
Sertino [= S\vurtiiic?] {York).
Siboda, s?e Sigboda.
Sihriht {Ijond.).
Sibivine {Oxf.).
Sidewine {Crichl.).
Sigar or Sigear (Winchest.).Sigbuda, Sipoda, or Sibode {Souihamj}.,
Windiest.).
Sigodia [ = Sigboda?'] CWiuchcbt.).SinoTS {Ijond.).
Sirioiid (Loud.).
Sired (Glouc, Loud.).
Siric [= Sihtric?] (Norw., liichb.).
Snuiwine or Sneaivine {Guild., Win-chest.).
Sneeoll [see also Secoll, itc] ( York).
Snel or Sitell {Cliest.).
Sneling {Line).Sola [cf. Swota] {Bedf).Spot, s<'e Swot.Sprafu! (WiiRdiist.).
Stiuiigriiu or Steingrini (Caiiibr.).
Staner {limit.).
Stanmnr {Thetf.).
Stirc, Stircar, or Stirrer (York).
Stircol, Stvrfol, .Vo. (York).Sti«nlf(Lond.).
Suurtcol { Wi i/h.).
Suetinc, Stcetinc, &c. {Land., Mijlt.).
Suinolf \_= 8unolf\ {York).
Sumerleda, Sumerlu<5a, Sumerlida, &o.
(Line, Lond., None, TJietf.).
Sunegod [cf. Godsune'} (Line).
Sunolf (York).
Surtinc, Syrtinc, &c. [= Swyrtinc]'
{Line, York).
Sivafa {Line).Swan (Lond.).
Swarnfuc or Swerafuc {Windiest.).
Swart, Swcarta, Swert, &c. (Line,Stamf.).
Swartafa, Swertafa, &c. {Dover).
Swartinc, Sweartinc, Swcrtiiic, &c.
(Chest., Derby, lAnc, Norie, York).
Sweartabrand, Swertebraud, &e (Line).
Swegeu (Chest., Southie, York).
Swenc, Swencel, &c. {Lond).Swet or Siceta {Cadb., Dorch.).
Swetinc, see Suetinc.
Swileman (Winchest.).
Swot or Swota (Bedf., Line, Shretvs.).
Stcrelinc [= Swertinc] {Soutlue).
Sicrunt {Thetf).
Syboda, see Sigtxida.
Svrtinf, .see Surtinc.
Tidred {Tlietf.).
Toca, Tooca, &e [=Toga?] (Crickl.,
Lond., Southie, York).
Trotan (Chtst.).
Uceadc or Ucede (York).
Ulf (Line, JUehb.).
Ulfbeorn {Line).
Uifcetel {Line, Lond., " Ustla," York).
Ulfgrini {York).
Umer^ {Line).
Ustman { York).
Unlgist {Thetf.).
Wa'dlos, Weeilos, &e {Line).
Wicdd {Baih).
Wxhjist {Thetf.).
Widrefan, Walrxffen, &c. {Line).
Ware? (Exet.).
Wataman or Wateman {Bridgen.,
None).Weddes, Wedles, &c. (Line).
Wdsit {Thetf.).
Wesig {Lond.).
Widia or Wudia {Stei/n., Wiitehc.<t.).
Widna [= ir/rZm ?J (Stevn.).
Wihred [cf. Winrcd] (Cant.).
Wihtsigf or Wihtsic (Wiucliest.).
1 1 7///(-- (/.;/-//.).
M'inas or Winus [cf. Wine] (Cadb.,
Crcwk.).
Wine or Winne (ExH., Winchest.).
Winean [of. Wine] (Thetf).
Winedicig, Wincdcig, Wineditj, &c.
(Cinit.).
Wiiteiiod [= Godwiui'] (Warm).
248 ENOLAN'l).
VVinrman (f^iJioh., Tliotf.).
AViiirrlor ir./Hm/frf. Wihrrd] (Cani.).
WiiiKtu [ -Wiiihtaii] (Ihnf).IIVhiii fcf. H'v/ic/) (hniil).
'WitiHluii or Wyn*tan (Sivlisb.).
'WitniH, dir ir/ri'/K.
"NVi^riii. Wiroriiic, Ac. (York).
H7l(/lr•^<;/n or n7<icJSc£^n (C(in<., Lei'c).
Wiiilid, mr Wiiliii.
"\Viill«rii, Wiillirorn, Wulfbcm, &c.
(T.inr., AViiuln-Bt.).
"WiillVi f =:\ViiIf8ig?J (Dover).
Mulhh (J),rh,/).
"Wiiir. iiii (Hell.).
MulOrd r^Wnlfred] (Land.)AVulf','ar(Lnn.l.)
Wiil/fjiii or Wiil/fiii (Line, S]ireicg.').
AVultrii.Tr, WiiIniiLT, itc. (C((»/6r., Jedb.,
J.dud., Oxf., liomn.. Shrews.,
Thitf., ^Vnrc.).
V\'ulfiio«,"\Vulno«, Wulnaf'^&c. (Chest,Glouc, Ijcic, Line, Ljond., limnn..
Shaft., Slam/., AViiichest., York).Wiilfrocl, Wiil/ri/d, &c. (Louil., S(dish.,
Slirews.).
Wulfric ("Ecornc." =York?, Exet.,
Jlerl., Line., Lond., Southw.,
^ynrw., Winched., York?).ir«7/*!/ [cf. Wulfsig] (Camhr., Qiest.,
Siuithic.).
"W'ulMfj, iVulMfir, W'lilsige, &c.(C'ninbr., Gudd., Hercf., Land.,Stam/., York).
WiilfMtni), Wid/Htin.oT Wiilntan (Brist.,
('(inf.. Ivxct.. JIunt., Liic., Jjind,,
South ic, York).
Wull'innl ( Kxcl., Glouc, Shrfwt.," Totrl.").
Wulfu-iri (Cant.yWuifwiiif! or Wulwino (Brist., Coldi.,
Crirhl., Leic, Line, Lond., Ox/.,
W(dlinrif.).
\Vulmiod [=\Viilfno«?] (Lond.).
Wnlu-i r = Wulf\vig or Wulfwiue ?]
(Oxf.).
Wul.-, Me al.so "Wulf.-
Wwm or Wyngi [= Wyn8ige?] (Lond.,Southw.).
Wynsigc (Jiri*t., Hunt., Lond.).^Vytl8tan (Ijond.).
Wlinicid (Cunt.).
pegcnwine (Exet.).
peodred (Lond.).
peorxi) or porei [= peodred] (Lond.).
perman (Jjond.).
porcitl, purcetl, &c. (Line, Lond.,Tories.),
punstnn [ = purstan or Wunstan](Land.),
pjircil [cf. purcetl'} (Lond.).
pureferh, purferd, &c. (Xorw., Thetf.).
purgod (Exet.).i
purgrim, purim, &c. (LJnc, Y^'ork).
purstan, pure>:tan, kc. (Lond., None.,Stamf., Taunt.),
pvrali (Line, Stamf.).
Description of Types.*
Obverse.
'
t Type i.
Bust 1., diademed. Around, inscription I Small cross patte'e. Around, inscrip-betwccn two circles. tion between two circles.
[Hiid., PI. 5, Type A.]
• Ilildpbrand, T\. 6, Types D. and D. far. a are Danish, and are therefore not included in thefollowing list.
+ The slnpl.- specimen of this coin (!«e No. 609, p. 300) in the National Collection, besides beingof an uucrtain nint. is too much worn to allow of being illu.~tratc<l.
CNUT. 249
Obverse.
Type ii.
Bust I.
circle.
Around, inscription : outer Long cross voided, each limJt terminating
in three crescents ; pelbt in centre.
Around, inscription : outer circle.
[Hild., ri. 6, Type B.]
Type iii.
Bust I., crowned ; in front, shield.
Around, inscription divided by bust
:
outer circle.
Quadrilateral ornament icith three
pellets at each angle, over ichich longcross raided, each limb terminatingin three crescents ; pelht in centre.
Around, inscription : outer circle.
[Ilild., n. 6. TypeC]
Type iv.
Bust I.
bust .
A round, inscription divided by
outer circle.
Over qnatre/oil zcilh pclht at apex ofeach cusp, lung cross voided, eachlimb terminating in three crescentJ<
;
pellet in centre. Around, inscri2>tion :
outer circle.
[Ilild., PI. 7, TypeE. var.f.'\
2:)U ENOLANK.
ObverM. Revcrne.
Type iv. var. a.
Jtu»t I., lUiKlemi'il. Aroniiil, iiiHcrijition I Same «« lad.
biiicvcn two circltH.
[Ilild., PI. 7, 'J'yj'i: E. var. </.J
Type V.
i^f/jf/ /., rroirited, wiiliiii quatrefoil. I Small crosa patt^e. Around, inscription
Aruund, inscription : outer circle.\
between tico circles.
[Ilikl., ri. 5, Type A. var. a.]
Type V. var. a.
Dust I., crowned. Around, inscription I Same,bitwven two circles.
[Uild., n. 5, Type A. var. h.']
Type vi.
Ihist I., diademed; sceptre in lift hand. I Small cross pat tee. Around, inscriptionAround, inscrijition divided by bust : i between two circles.
outer circle.
[llil.l., n, 0, 7>/v= A. car. r.]
CNUT. 251
Obverse. Beverse.
Type vii.
Bunt I., croivned, tcitliin qnatrefoil.
Around, inscription : outer circle.
Long cross voided, each limb terminating
in three crescents. Around, inscrip-
tion : outer circle.
[Hild., PI. 7, Type E. var. l:.]
Type viii.
Bust 1., crowned, witliin qnatrefoil ;*, On qnatrefoil, with pellet at apex of
with or without pellet inside eacli each cus]i, long ero?s voided, each
cusp. Aronnd, inscription : outer
circle.
limb terminating in three crescents;
pellet in centre. Around, iuscrip-
i tion : outer circle.
[Cf. PI. XYir. 1-3, &c.]
Similar; bust r.
Type viii. var. a.
I
Same.
[Cf. PI. XIX. 15.]
Type viii. var. h.
Similar ; bust 1. ; in front, sceptre.|Same.
[Cf. No. 220, p. 271.]
Type viii. var. c.
Similar ; qnatrefoil hrol-en hy huM, I Similar ; angles of qnatrefoil slightly
tchich divides inscription.|
arched.
[Ilild., PI. (J, Ty2)e E. var. h.]
* The qnatrefoils on the obverse and reverse vary in form ; on pome specimens the angles
arc much arched ; on others very slightly so that the ruiatrofoil approaches the lorra of a cirtli-.
'>V) KN(JLANI).
Obvenic. Rcvenio.
Tijpn viii. var. d.
Finiiliir; IhihI 1., dituli'inrd, within I Sumo aa l.itt.
iiuiilri'ftiil.{
[Cf. ri. XVIH. 2.]
Type ix.
Bu»t 1., icearing pointed helmet ; in
front, urejitre. Aroinid, inwriptionliiliriin tiro cirehx, ilirided hij IniHt.
On qnatrefoil, with pellet fit apex ofeach cusp, long cross voided, each
limh terminating in three crescents ;
pellet in centre. Around, inscription :
outer circle.
[Ilil.l.. n. 7, Type E. var. /i.]
Type X.
Dust 1., crowned, witliin quatrcfoil.
Around, inscription : outer circle.
On quatrcfoil, with three pellets at
apex of each cusp, long cross voided,
each limb torminatiug in threecrescents. Arouud, inscription: outercircle.
[Cf. ri. XYII. 12.]
Type xi.
Bust L, crowned, icithin qnatrefoil.
Around, inscription: outer circle.
Long cross voided, each limb termi-minating in three crescents; in eachangle,annuht enclosing pellet. Around,inscription : outer circle.
[Hild., n. 7, Type E. var. ?.]
Type xii.
Bust 1., diudomod ; scojitrc in loft
hand. Around, inscription divididby bust: out< r liid.'.
Long cross voided, each limb termi-nating in crescent ; in centre, circloenclosing pellet ; in angles, PA C X.Around, inscription : outer circle.
[Cf. ri. XVIII. 15]
CNUT. 253
Obverse. Reverse.
Type xiii.
Aromul, imcription divided ; Short cross voided, limbs united at baseby tico circles; in rack ciugle, annuletenclosing pellet. Around, inscriptionbetween tico circles.
J},ist hby J>ii.<t : outer circle.
[llil.l, ]'l. 7, Type G. var. b.]
Type xiv.
lUist 1., wearing^ pointed lu'lmot ; in
fioiit, sccplre. Around, inscriplion
between two circles, divided by bust.
Similar; Ini.st r.
Short cross voided, limbs united atbase by two circlf.s ; in centre, jjellet ;
in each an^le, bnjken annnlet en-closing i)ellct. Aroimd, inscriptionbetween two circles.
[Cf. PI. XVII. 5.]
Type xiv. rar. a.
I
Same.
[Cf. PI. XYII. 13.]
Type XV.
Jliist /., rrdinied. Around., inscription
between two circles.
Short cross voided, limbs united ot baseby two circles; in centre, pellet; ineach angle, brohen anmdet enclosingpellet. Around, inscrijdion betweentwo circles.
[llild., l'\. 8, Type G. var. c]
Tyjje xvi
Bust ]., diademed; in front, sceptre*
Around, insciiptioii divided by bust
:
outer circle.
Short cross voided ; in centre, circleeuclo.-sing pellet. Around, inscrip-tion between two circles.
[Cf. PI. XVII. 4.]
* The sceptre varies in form, terminating either in a fleur-de-lis, a flnlal, or a crozler (seeHiUlebrand, PI. 8, Types H., H. var. a, aud II. rar. 6.). The flciir-de-Iis t.\ pe is the ouly onerepresented in the National Collection.
2.-1 ENGLAND.
Beverae.
Type xvi. var. a.
Similar ; tM/orr hiixt, pennon. ISame.
[Ilild., I'l. 8, Tyj^e H. var. c]
Type xvi. var. b.
Similfir ; rude hmt tcithout diadvin;|Similar ; in centre, pdht ohJij.
sci'plre lerminates in Jleur-de-l is.
[KM., PI. 8, Type H. var. cZ]
r»/^e xvii.
lUist 1., fl iiidenicd ; .sceptre in k-ft
liiiiul. Around, inscription divided
l>y bust : outer circle.
Over short cross voided, quadrilateral
ornament with pellet at each an^leand in centre. Around, inscription
between two circles.
[Cf. PI. XVII. 7.]
Type xvii. var. a.
h'milar ; srepfre not held by hand. \ Same.
[Ilild., ri. 8, Type I. var. a.]
Type xviii.
Dust ?., wearing pointed lulmet ; in
front, ^cci'tre. Around, inscription
bttwten tav circle.s, divided by bust.
Over short cross voided, quadrilateralornament irilh pdlet at each angleand in centre. Around, inscription
between two circles.
[Ilild., PI. 8, Type I. var. c]
CNUT. 255
Obverse. Reverse.
Type xix.
Bust 1., (liadeiiK il ; iu front, sceptre
Aioiiiifl, iiiscriiition divided by bustouter circle.
Over ehort cross voided, qundrilateral
ornament with three pellets ateiich angle and one in centre.
! Around, inscription between twocircles.
[Cf. PI. XIX. 3.]
Type XX.
Bust 1., din(l(nif'd. Around, inscrip
tion divided by butt : outer circle.
Cros-', ronipo.^od of four oval.s unitedat base by two circle.-*. Around, in-
scription : outer circle.
[Cf. PI. XIX. 4.]
Type XX. var. a.
Similar; in front of hnf.t, sceptre.\Similar; in cent re of cross, pellet.
[Ilild., PI. 9, Ty^yr K. var. a.]
Description of Coins.
No.
2r)fi EN01-ANI>.
No.
10
11
13
U
Obverse. Rcverao.
BAOAN.
[IJiith.]
Tijpc viii.
I-CNVT REX ANDL0R:
„ RE^I^ ANCLORVM
„ REt
4</ELFRIC 0N BET^ONAVt. 22-3.
^/EOELRIE ©N B-7X07^
"Wt. 22-5.
«f/E£)EST7\N ©NBTXeTXNWt. 227.
[PI. XVII. 2]
R[EX A]NLL-0 [^/E€)E[ST7\].N 0N B7^£)
(Broken.)RVM
7XNDL-0RV
„ REX ANCL©RVM
•J-SL-FPZtLD ©N B7?€)
Wt. 17-3.
«i^7lLFF©LD ©N BET^ONWt. 220.
t'ENVT RECX:
^ENVT R EX ANL:
•^ENVT RECX.
•REEX.-
Type xiv.
I
^/EOESTAN ON B7X
Wt. 15-3.
^/EOEST7\N : ONB7\D7V
AVt. 170.
•i^ESTT^N ON B7\€)7^NN :
Wt. 16-6
Type xvi.
^/ELFRIC ON B7^€)AWt. 17-5.
•1«/E€)ESTAN ON B7\0Wt. lS-5.
BEDEFORD.[Bedford.]
Type viii.
•tENVT REX ANLLO I •^QODPINE M BEDRVM
IAVt. 20-0.
[I'l. XVII. 3.]
Moneyer.
iElfric.
iE(5cIric.
Alfwald or
Alfwold.
-^^estan.
Estan(=iESestau ?).
.^Ifric.
.^Sestan.
Godwine.
CNUT. 257
No.
258 ENGLAND.
No.
Hi
25
26
27
01)vcrie. Rcvoree. Moneyer.
CADANBYRIG.[Cadbury.]
Type \in.
•t-CNVT REX T^NDLO I >^/ELFEL-M ON CAD ^Ifelm.RVM
I
^Vt. 11-7.
[I'l. XVII. 6.]
C/ENTPARABYRIG.[Canterbury.]
Type viii.
^CNVT REX ANLL0R I ^PINEDEID ©N CEN- ' Winedeig.Wt. 12-3.
Type xiv.
^CNVT REX 7XNLL »i*LE0FN0O M-ON
TXNLLO
CENT:Wt. 16-8.
LeofnoS.
•t'PVLSTTXN ON WulstanEENTP7\ : (^VullstaIl).
Wt. 15-8.!
Type xvi.
28
CNUT. 259
No.
'iCO ENGLAND.
No. Obvoron.
42 I-CNVT REX ANLL©RVM
48
44
45
46
47
48
49
MINVT REX ANDL0RVM[I'l. XVII. 8]
Reverse. Moneycr.
•f-EOELFINE ©N CROC, ESclwine.Wt. lG-0.
"t-CODEMAN ©N CR©C Gr>dcmanWt. 23-2.
„ ANLLORV I'TOCA ON CROiCCIL
Wt. 14-8.
^•ENVT REEX
(Godman).
Toca.
CRUCERN.[Orcwkerne.]
Type xvi.
I
^PINVS ON CRVCE Winus?
IWt. 17-0.
[PI. XYII. 9.]
DOFERAN.[Dover.]
Type viii.
.l-CNVT REX AISCLORV ^QODMAN DOFWt. 16-5.
„ [AN]DL©R •i'PV[L]FC:l ON DOF:I (Broken.)
Tijpe xiv.
I^ENVT: RECX A: ^EINSILE OND0FRAN:
Wt. 15-5.
[PI. XVII. 10.]
Godman.
Wulfci (=Wulfsige ?).
Cinsige.
l^ENV- T R-EX A- •^L-EOFPINE ON DOF\Leofwine.
Wt. 16-8.
50 ' •i-ENVT REEX:
51 ,•I'ENVT -.-REEX:
52 ;>^ENV T RECX-
Type xvi.
^BOEA: ON DOFR 13o£ra
•I<EINSICE ON DOFR-Wt. 17-0.
^EDPINE ON DOFERA'Wt. 14-6.
Wt. 16-2. (Boiga).
Cinsige.
Edwine.
CNUT. 261
No.
202
CNUT. 263
No.
81
82
83
81
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
Obverse.
2G-1 E^ULAND.
No.
CNUT. 265
No.
2{;g KN(iLANI).
No.
CNUT. 267
No.
208 KNULANO.
No.
CNUT. 269
No.
270 ENGLAND.
No.
CNUT. 271
No.
21 'J
220
221
222
223
224
225
22G
227
228
220
230
Obverse. Reverse.
»i<CNVT REX ANLL0R ' 4*SIRED ON CLEPVar. Bcfuru liLt.d, 6 Wt. 16-6.
Ti/jje viii. var. b.
I^CNVT REX ANCL0: . -^CODPINE O CLEI Wt. 15-8.
«i<ENVT REX ANLL-0R ^LODPINE: DL-P]'ar. Pullut in each
angle of cross.
Wt. 17 3.
Type viii. var. d.
^CNVT REX SNLL-.- 't'C0DPINE 0N CLEPWt. 17-4.
[Pi. XVIII. 2.]
Type xiv.
I'E-NV: T REX 7^-N- i •i<B0L-L-A 0N CL-EPEWt. 16 3.
I<E-NVT R-EX TX-NC,«^C0D-R-IC 0-N LL-EPE
Wt. J 7-5.
i<ENV T RECX:
^ENV T R-ECX
•^ENVT -RECX-.-
Type xvi.
tCODRIC ON LEPE:Wt. 18-8.
I'SIRED 0N CL-EDE:Wt. 150.
tPVLNQO ON CLEPWt. 17-5.
GRANTEBRYCGE.[Cambridge.]
Type viii.
't'ENVT REX ANLLO I 4^5T/ENGRIM O LRAI
AVt. 11-2.
ANCL0R 1 -J-PVPZIL ON LRAI Wt. 110.
Type xiv.
I^ENVT REEX A I ^ADA ON CRANTI1
Wt. 11-3.
Moneyer.
Sired.
Godwine.
Godwins.
Bella.
Godric.
Godric.
Sired.
WuliioTi
(WuIfnoS).
Stasngrira.
Wulfaig.
A. la.
KNGLVNl).
No.
CNUT. 273
Obverse.
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
tCNV- T REC
•I^CNV T REC
HEORTFORD.[Hertford.]
Type xvi.
^CEORSICE ON l-EOWt. 15-7.
^LEOFRIC ON HEO:Var. Pellet only in
centre of cross.
Wt. 15-7.
R-EEX A
•REC-X:
I<CNVT: -T REX-.
^ENV -T REX-.-
Moneycr.
Deorsige.
Lcofric.
HEORWt. 15-5.
4<EE0FRIC ON HEORWt. 14-7.
i^L-EORIC ON HE-ORTWt. 17-8.
Wt. 17-4.
[PI. XVIII. 7.]
HEREFORD.[Hereford.]
Type xiv.
-i<CNVT R EX AN-I
»i^:FLEC-BIFL ONHREN
Wt. 13-5.
i^E-NVT: REX A-rC
i«-CNV T REC
4-ENVT R- ECX
«^OR-DRIC: ON HER-E:I
Wt. 17-5.
[PI. XVIII. 8.]
Tyi)e xvi.
I
4-ELEPII ON HEREF ' Elfwinc?
I
Wt. is-n.
•I'PVLSICE ON HERE-:I Wulsige
Wt. 18-3.I(Wulf8ii,'o)
r
FleclSifl ?
Oniric.
'J.U £NULANL>.
No. ObvetM. Beveise.
249
250
2'A
252
253
254
255
256
257
HUNTANDUNE.[Huntingdon.]
Type viii.
4«CNVT REX ANCLO) I •i'DODRIC MO HVNI
(liroktn.)
Type xiv.
4«CNVT R-EX ANG ^'CODLEOF ©N HVNTWt. 16-5
RECX A:
*CNVT: REX AN
"i-LTEOCDINE ©N VN :
Wt. 11-8.
I-PVNSICE: O VNTDNEWt. 15 3
[PI. xvm. 9.]
HYOA.
[Hythe.]
Typ>: viii.
*CNVT REXI
•i'S/EPINE OL H\£)AT^NDLORVM
|
Wt. 14-2.
[PI. XVIII. 10.]
L/EFES.
[Lewes.]
Monejrcr.
f^xlric.
Godleof.
Leofwine.
Wynsige.
t?aDwinc.
•i«CNVT. REX-ANGLORVi
Type viii.
•J-DODEFREO: N LEWt. 200.
^CNVT: REXANLLORV
^LEOFNOD M L/tPWt. 20-6.
[PI. XVIII. 11.]
Type xiv.
»i«CNVT= REEX 7^ , •J'/ELFPERD ©N L/EPE1 Wt. 15-7.
*CNVT- REX AN •i'C©LLINI ©N L/EPWt. 13 4.
Godefre*.
Leofno'b.
..Elfweard.
Colliui ( =Colling?).
CNUT. 275
No.
liTG ENGLAND.
No.
2G8
'2(5'.)
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
2hl
2o2
Obvone.
HhUNVT: RECX A
Reverse.
'I'PVLNOO ©N LEHR
Moneyer.
WulnoX
[I'l. XVin. 13.]
\Vt. 17G. (Wulfiioft).
I-CNV T REC: pPVLSTAN ON L-EHR-Wt. lG-2.
LEIGECEASTER, Etc.
[Chester.]
Type viii.
^CNVT REX ANGLORV I i'/ELFNOG ON LEI
I
Wt. 200.
[PI. XVIII. H.]
•I-DNT REX 7JNDLORVMVar. Pellet before head.
V(ir. Pellet before head.
^CNVT „
„ 7XNDL0RVM
„ TXrCLORV
^ENV.T REX ANGLOR
-I-CNVT REXANCL0RVM
Var. Before head, •'.;
behind, .•.
^CNVT- „
•^CNVT REX Z^NLLOR
•i>/ELFS\ ON LEIAVt. ISO.
^/ELF$IL ON LEIWt. 20-2.
^/E-DERIC ON LEGWt. 20-9.
«i</EORlC ON LE-LEWl. 21-7.
"i^ALLSi ON LEGEWt. 15-3.
•fCROFL 01/1 LEIWt. 14-2.
>i<ELEPINE ON LEG(Chipped.)
^ELEFINE © LEGEWt. 20-3.
Wt. 170.
•i'CODRIC- ON L-EGCWt. 201.
-^LODFINE 0N_EWt. 15-5.
ON LEIv;t. 10-2.
Wulstan(Wulfatan),
iElfuo«.
uElfsige.
^Xeric(= ^Selric).
Alcsi(g)
(= Alfdig or
-^Elfsig?).
Crofl.
Elfwine.
Godric.
Godwino.
CNUT. 277
283
284
285
28G
287
288
289
2yo
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
Obverse.
•I^CNVT REX7SNQL0RVM
Var. Buforc 1k;iJ, •.'
;
behind, pullet.
..ANCLORV
^IINVT- REXT^NCLORVM
^ENVT REX TtNCLORV
„ ZSNCLORVM
„ ANLLORV.
„ 7SNCL0RV
•i^LNVT „ 7\NDL0RVM
„ UNLLORV.-.
^ENVT „
^CNVT „ ANCL0RV:
^CNVT „ SNCLOR
„ 7SNLLORV:
i-LVNLEOF ON LECWt. 17-3.
Wt. 21 0.
^LEOFENOO ON LEIVar. Pellet in oiio
angle of crosa.
Wt. 150.
Wt. 16 3.
i<L/E-OFPINE ON L-ECWt. 2 IS.
I^LIFIC- ON L-ELI-Wt. 14G.
•I«LIPIN-E ON LECWt. 16-2.
'i'MALS.WDA ON LEIVar. Pellet iu Held.
Wt. 17-3
•i-SPARTIC ON LEIWt. 20-4.
•i-SPARTIN ON LECWt. 200.
i^^PELEN ON LEGWt. 19").
^TROTZfN ON LEGWt. 16-5.
^TR0TA:-N 0N LEIWt. 10 0.
Type xiv.
^ENVT n-EX AN 1 "^/EL-FSIGE ©N L-EIEEWl. IT) 5.
RELX A
REX AN
Moncyor.
Gunloof.
Lcofno^.
Lcofwino.
Lifiuc.
Liwino (=Liofwiue?).
JIacbU<5a(u).
Swartinc.
Swcgen.
Triitan.
Wt. 172.
t'CEOLHOO 0N LEIEWt. 1-2 5.
i«CR©C ©N LEICES:Wt. l.Vf).
..Elfsigo.
Ceoluo'S.
Cioc.
278 ENGLAND.
No.
CNUT. 279
No.
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
3n
322
323
324
325
32G
327
328
329
330
Obverse.
't'CNVT REX AN
i'LINVT R EX 7\NC
^CNVT-.- EX an::
>tENVT REX 7^N
»i«ENVT-.- EX AND:
^•ENVT REX AN
^CNVT REX 7XN
i^ENVT REEX A
Type xiv.
I</E€»ELMER ON LINE:Wt. li-5.
4<CVSTIN ON LICOLNEWt. 111.
^IVSTELEN ON LINE:AVt. ITtj.
"i'lVSTEIN ON LINE0LWt. 17-0.
^LEOFINE 0N LINE©(Fraguioiitd.)
•i-LEOFIND MO LINEOLWt. IS 0.
'I'LEOFPNE ©N LINE©LWt. 14-3.
•^LEO€AN ON LINEVLWt. 13 0.
^LIQFUEH OL-ILE0LILE:
Wt. 14-0.
^ENVT R-.- EX ANE: •J'OSFERO M© LINEOLWt. 15ti
•i-ENVT.-. EX A..
^ENVT-.- EX ANC
i<ENVT: EX ANC
•I*[OSL]AE MO LINEOLN' (IJrokcu.)
^SVMERLIDA MO Lll' Wt. 17 G.
"fSVMERL-IDTX ONLIN
Wt. 17 0.
"fENVT R-.- EX ANC: •i'SVMERLIDA MOLINE
Wt. 15 G.
R EX ANC 'I-PVLFPINE ON LINEWt. 15 3.
Moneyer.
/E^clmaer.
Gu.stin
(= lutitin).
lustegcn.
lustein (=lustegen).
Lcofluc.
Leofwine.
LcoSau.
Liofuen (=Liofhelm?).
OsfcrS.
Oslac?
Sumorlida.
I'ENV T REX
^ENV T REX.
Type xvi.
I«/ELFN0O ON LINE:Wt. i<;-7.
•t-ENVT ON LINE0LNWt. 170.
Wiilfwiuc.
.'Elfiio«.
Cnut.
280 ENOLANI).
No.
CNUT. 281
No.
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
3G0
8G1
3G2
3(53
3G1
3G5
^CNV- -T REX:
^CNV T REC-
^EHV T -RECX
»i«ENVT -RECX-.-
I) I)
•RECX:
«I<ENVT REX AN
't'SPERTEBRAND ON_lWt. 17-2.
-I^SPERTEBR ON L-1-
Wt. 17-2.
•t'PEDDES ON LNNEOLWt. IG-l.
^PVL-BERN ON L-INC:Wt. 15-G.
t'PVLFRlC ON LINCOWt. lG-4.
^PVLFPINE ©N LINWt. 177.
Type xvii.
I
t'OCCRIH Ol/I LIUCOLWt. 17U.
LUNDENE.[Loudon.]
Type viii.
"t-CNVT REX 7XNLL
ANCLOR
ANCLOR:
ANLLO-
ANCLORV
ANCLOR
ANLLO
RETX ANCLOR
•i<BOR$TIC M LVNDWt. 21-3.
^BRIHPOL-D LVNWt. 21-5.
I^BRVMAN LVNDIWt. 21G.
^EADMVND .O.ri-VNDiWt. 130.
l^EADNOD. ©ISLVNDEIWt. 15-5.
4^EADPERD LVNDWt. lG-3.
^EADPIN O LVNDWt. 14-8.
"fEADPINE ON_VNDE-Wt. UG.
I-EADPOLD O LVNWt. IDC.
Monoyer.
WoildcB.
Wulbern.
Wulfric.
Wulfwino.
0(5grim.
Borstig.
Brihtwold.
Bruman.
Eadinund.
EudnoS.
Eadwcrd.
Eudwine.
Ea.hvokl.
2i>2 EN(}LANl).
No.
CNUT. 283
Ko.
•2S\ ENULANI).
No.
CNUT. 285
No,
280 ENOI.AM).
No.
CNUT. 287
No.
4G0
461
4G2
463
464
465
4G6
467
468
460
470
Obverse.
I^CNV [T] RECX
^CNV- T RECX
MINV T RECX
•i-CNVT- REX:
I«PyNSILE ON LVNI
Wt. 168.
I
I
•i'PyNSILE ON LVND:Wt. 15-6.
^PyNSIGIE ON LVWt. 16-3.
Typi xvii.
»i<BRVNCAR ON LVND:Wt. 15-'J.
•tCNVT R ECX AN :
[PI. XIX. 2.]
„ LVNDE:Wt. 15-7
REC'i' ^PVLFRED ONLVNDENWt. 14-7.
Type xix.
•I'CNVTE: RERX: I "J^/ELFRED ON LVNDEI
Wt. 17 0.
[ri. XIX. 3.]
Type XX.
^CNVT- RECX 7\ I ^'BRVNMTXN ON LVNDI
Wt. 176.[PI. XIX. 4.]
^CNVT:RECX A. -i<PVLC;\R ON LVNDENWl. 153.
M.CLDUNE.*[INIaldun]
Tijp< viii.
"i^CNVT REX ANLLOR | fCiODPINE MELWt. '213.
i-CNV T RECXType xiv.
I
-l-CODERE ON M/ELDWt. 16-2.
Moneycr.
Wynsige.
Bruiigar.
Wulfrcd.
JEIfrcd.
Bninman.
Wulpnr(Wulfgar).
(Ji'dwino.
(Judcro.
* It is not possible to distiDgulsb wltb certaiuty between tho mints Ihlaldon uA MaliiK^.bory
See Introduction.
2HH ENULANI).
No.
CNUT. 289
No.
290 ENGLAND.
No.
CNUT. 291
\.).
2!)2 ENGLAND.
No.
510
511
512
513
Obvcrs". RcTersc.
^CNV T REX:
^-CNV T REX:
»i«CNVT REEX AN-
Tijpe xvi.
4«/ELFRED ON SEREWt. 15 3.
4-CODPINE ON SER-Wt. 16 3.
^CNV T RE-EX
514
^CODPINE 0N SERE:Wt. 11 5.
[PI. XIX. 0.]
^DOLDVS ON SER-\Vt. 1G7.
Moneyer.
iElfrcd.
Godwiiie.
GolJua.
"\Vt. lU-7.
Leofwine.
SI€ESTEBYRIG.[Sidbur)'.]
Type yiii.
^CNVT REX ANDL© 1 "^LEOFPINE ON- SIOERVM
I
'" "
[PI. XIX. 10.]
SNOTINGAHAM.[Nottingham.]
Type viii.
515Ii<ENVT REX AVDLO I ^BLACEMAN MO XNO ' Blaccman or
RVM Wt. 181.
51G
517
518
^ENV -T RELX
*ENVT RECX
•REEX
Tijpe xvi.
I
^BL-7^E7\MAN ON SNI
"\Vt. 16-6.
[PI. XIX. 11.]
ST/ENIG.
[Stc^yning.]
Type xvi.
I
-J-ECRIE ONN 3TEE
Blacaman.
Blacaman.
Eerie
•^FRCIPINE ©N ST/E:Wt. 17-3.
Wt. 130.I
(=Elric?).
FriSiwinc.
CNUT. 293
No.
'20 [ ENGLAND.
No.
631
535
53G
537
538
539
540
Obverse.
*CNV- T REX:
^'CNV -T REX:
*ENV T REEX:
^ENV- -T REE:
^ENVT -REEX.
•i«ENV T REX:
neverHO.
^NORVLF ON STANAVt. 15-0.
„ STANF^Vt. lG-0.
't'BVRSTAN ON ST7X\Vt. 159.
\Vt. 170.
•I^DVSTAN ON STTXNFOTWt. 17 0.
•I-OVRVLF ON STAN-Wt. lG-2.
SUeCEPEORC.[Southwark.]
Type xiv.
•i-ENVT R EX TtrC I ^/ELFCTXR 0N SVODWt. IGG.
Tyjye xvi.
5il 1 I^ENV T REEX.
542
»I</ELPINE ON SVOWt. lG-5.
Moneyer,
Norulf.
purstiin.
purulf.
543
544
•i-ENVT REE-X 1\ : 1 -^/EcoELPINE ON SV1 AVt. 14-6.
^ENV- T REEI
Type xvii.
I-/EL-FRIE ONNSVGEE
"\Vt. 170.
TANTUNE.[Taunton.]
Type viii.
•i«CNVT REX ANDLOR I •I'EDRIL TANTV
iElfprar.
iEIwine(^Ifwine).
.^(Selwine.
iElfric.
E.lric.
Wt. 13 2.
CNUT. 295
No.
'jix; ENGLAND.
No. Olivrrnp. IlovprKo. Moneycr.
551
553
551
555
550
557
558
PELINGAFORD.[WiiIliDgford.]
Type viii.
^CNVT REX A-NCL-0 I ^C0LEM7\-N ©N PELIRVM Wt. 1G:1
t'CNV -CNVT:
"fCNV: T RECX
^ENV- T R-EC-.
•i-EIV -T REX
Type xvi.
'i'/ELFPINE ON PELIIAVt. 17-5.
„ PELINWt. 17 9.
•i^EDPERD ON PELIN^^^t. no.
«i<LEOFPlNE ON PELI"\Vt. 17-3.
Coleman.
.^Ifwine.
Edwerd.
Leofwine.
PELMESFORD.[Welinesford.]
Type viii.
XENVT REX 7XNLL0RV I MVIT^N ON PELMITXEI AVt. 17-0.
[PI. XIX. 14.]
PIHRACEASTER or PIGRACEASTER.["Worcester.]
Man.
^CINVT R-EX 7\r€
>^CNVT- REX S-
Type xIt.
•i</EL-FPINE: ONPHRTX-.-"SVt. 16-9.
.^Ifwine.
i-T^R-NCTEL- O-N- ' Arncctel.POE: '
Wt. 13-2.!
CNUT. 297
559
SCO
5G1
5G2
5C3
564
5C5
5GG
567
568
569
570
571
Obverse. Moneyer.
FILTUNE.[Wilton.]
Tijpe xvi.
^CNVT: T REC-X: I -^/EL-FR-ED ©N PILTV iElfrL-d.
Wt. 17-7.'
PINCEASTRE.[Winchester.]
Type viii.
i<ENVT R-EX T^NLLORVM
^CNVT RE^ 7XNCL©RVM-.-
„ T^NELLORV
„ T^NGLOR-
..T^NCLORVM
R-EX ANDLCRVM-.
REX 7\NLL0RVM
„ TXNCLORV
REX ANLL0RVM-
REX ANGLORVM-
.^/ELFR-IC ON iElfric.
PINCSTR I
Wt. 18-8.
^/ELFSILE ©N FINEST ^Ifsige.Wt. 22-2.
"t-ZELFPINE ON PINE$T ^Ifwino.Wt. 13-4.
•i«7^LFP©LD OH PI Alfwold.Wt. 170.
"^BREHTNOO 01^1 NEST Brchtno^Wt. 200. (BrihtnoS).
•t'LE©FSVNV ©N p>INES Leofsunu.Wt. 19-7.
^©DA ©N FINESTR-Wt. 22-8.
><SIQ7\R ON FINESRWt. 17-2.
•i^sicoDiA ©^pl^^I:$T
Oda.
Sigar.
Sisrodia
Wt. 15-G. ( = yigboda?>
^XPRAFVL 0NF-INLSTWt. 16-2.
Spraful.
I'PIHTXILE 0N FINEST: Wilitsige.
Wt. 19 7.'
Type xiv.
•i^ENVT REEX A-.- I ^/ELFSICE ON PINEE:! ^Ifsiffo.
I Wt. K. 5.
2!)8
CXUT. 299
No.
:>()(> ENGLAND.
No.
CNUT. 301
No.
:5()ii ENOLANU
HAROLD I.
SUCC. A.l>. 103'); DIED A.D. lUlO.
Minuyers.
.T'tire (None).
York-).
yEj^clric {o'louc, Ojt/., Shiijt., Win-olu'rtt.).
JlAjrhrig (Ihrf.).
yEgdiriiie {BrM., Crichl, Ikh., Lane,Wore, York).
JL'Wrilit (//)«//'.).
yEI,'r,'l = JKlftiTcr\(Yorlc).
^ItVrc (Colch., HmU., York).
u^l/ipir {Bdrdn.).
yl'ljinr, get' ^Elfwinc.
^il'nuS {Line, Ijond.).
iElt'roil (Cant., Loud., Salisb.).
J^Unc or /Elric {Cant., Chicli., Dorch.,
Ghmc, TjowL, Li/df., Nunc, Staff.,
WaUi»(if., Wiiirfuxi.).
JEltsiu'c (Cl"u-st., Glniic).
Jl-)lMan {Wilt., Winchr.<(.).
iEl'fwald or iElfwold {Load., Norw.,
Theff.).
JEl/tcard or .'Elfwcrd (Brist., Hast.,
Laiuc, Ncnr., Winrh'd.).
JEJfiri [= ^Elf\vig or ^Ifwine]{Camhr.).
iElfwig or .Elwig {Bath, Cambr., Oxf.,
Thotf., Wallingf., Windiest.).
.^Ifwinc, /Elwine, Alfwine, &c.
(Chest., CricM., Derby, Ljond.,
Lydf., Norn:, Ox/., Southaiup.,
Stamf., Thetf., Wallingf., "NViu-
chfst., Yorh).
iElfwold, «<(' .Elfwald.
oilman l=.L\jrlman?] (Bedf.).
Ji7m«r [= JE<]<lmxr'Q {Bath, Oxf.).
JEbwt, see .lEIfnoS.
JElric, see iElfric.
iElwig, see iElfwig.
..lilwinc, see ^Elfwinc.
JEstan {Wincki.<t.).
yE^ihrine {Lond., York).
Alf.-, see ^If.-
Ahan/l= Al/stan ?] {Tamic).
Arcil, Arcyl, or Arncil [= J/- «<;//(/':']
{Stam/., York).
Arwil.l {Stam/., York).
Asj'i rS {Line).
Biorn or Btornn {York).
Blacainan (Nott.).
Jllacan [ = Blaoaman?] {lJ<rhy).
Bnrfa {Ihnur, None).JU'id or Bridd {HaM.).]}rihtiu;t'r, Brihttmxr, &c. (Lond.).
Brihtred {Cant.).
Brihtric {Crewk.)Brihticine { Buck.).
Brun {Jjund.).
Bruncar or Brungar (Lond.).
Brnnman {Lond.).
Brun.stan (Thttf., Windiest.).Brunwine, Bruinn, or Bundine
(Stamf., Walliiuj/.).
Cajrenan (Loud.).
Cxrla {Ex,t.).
Caldeitine {Catd.).
CeoG { Winrhcst.).
Cille {Chest.).
Cinevcicj {Lond.).
Cineinne {Uast.).
Cinewold (Land.).
Cinstan, see Cunstan.Colamau {Oxf.).
Coldsir/e or CoJtsige, see Goldsige.CoIgriiH {Loud.)
Courim (Line.).
Corf, Corff, or Corrf (Lond.).
Croc or Crocc {Chest.).
Crucan [^=Grucan t] {York).
Cimsitan or Cinstan (Dover).Cyldcinne, see Gyldewine.Cytil {Cant.).
Veorsif], Deorsie, &c. {Ilcrt.)
Duddinc\_= Dudinff] {Lond.).
Dufacan {^^.DuracanQ (York).Duracan { York).
Eadwold, Edwald, or Edwuld (Lund.).Edhie {Lond.).
Edmajr (Exet., Romn.).Edraed {Lond.).
Edric, Edricc, &c. {Hythe, Line, Lond.,Thctf.).
Edsieie l= Edsige?] {Exet.).
Edwacor (Cambr.).L'diridd, see Eadwold.EdieaUl and ]'?ealda {Lond.).
Edicard. Edwerd, &c. {Leices, Lond.,WalliiKjf.).
Edicig, Ediriig, etc. {Lond., Oxf.).
HAROLD I. 303
Edwine, Eilwene, Sec. (Dover, Uu^t.,
Lewes, Loud., Winchest.).
Edwold, see Eadwold.Egdinne, st-e JEgeludne.
Elbrilit (Ipsw.).
Eleidcj [= ^lfwig] (Ucref.)
Elewine, see ^Ifwine.Elf.-, see MU.-Eonred (^Vorch.').
Eowine l = Eoficine?'] {Land.).
Erncijtd l= Arndtdi'\ (York).
Ermjrim or Enjrim ( Yurie).
ErniKi {Ileref.)
Estan, see JEstan.
Etsige [^= Eadsige'} (Dover).
E<5ei.-, see JEiel.-
Eiereman (Loud.).
Fiergrim or Fargrim (Stam/.).
Fri^euine (Steyn.).
Gilacris or Gillacria [^=Gillechrist?']
(Chest.)
God, Goda, &c. (C7«c7i., Lond., Warw.).Gudaman, Godmun, or Godmon (Hi rt.,
Lond., Malm., Windiest., York).
Godau(Wilt.).Godeildd ( Watdi.).
Godinc cr Godine, see Godwinc.Godric, Goric, &c. (Chidi., Colcli.,
Derhij, Glouc., Hch., Liuc, Loud.,
Stainf.).
Godaigc, see Goldsigc.
Godsii, see Goldsige.
Godwinc, &c., see Godwine.Godwine, Gowine, &c. (Vorch., Lcwcs,
Lond., Ox/., Roch., Salisb., iStam/.,
Winchest., York).
Godwine and Ceoc ( Winchest.).
Godwine and Stcwer (Lond.).
Godwine and Widi (Windiest.).
Goldsigc, GvUsige, &c. (Line, Lond.,
Wilt).
Gonwiiie [= Godwine?] (Dorch.).
Goric, see Godric.
Goicild, see Godeildd.
Grimnlf(Yorh).(iyldcwiiii' (Cant., Chisl.).
lliurra (Exet.).
Uar^ucnnt or JJar^ecnut (Line.).
Ilunna (Exet., Malm.).Jfiratamitn (Dorch.),
JInhl (Lond.).
Im-ida ( York).
Ladiiuer or Lodmier (Windiost.).
Li film [= LioftSi'gi'n Vj (Line.).
LcfcnoT), See Lcot'no^.
Lcf.-, see also Lcof.-
Leo/dai, Lifidii, kc. (Stamf.)
Leofmser or Leom.vr (Jedb.).
Leofno^, Lcfciia?*, &<: (Cant., Cheat.,
GloHi:, Hirr/., Linr.)
Lcofrcd, Lifred, &c. (Loud).
Loofric or Lefric (Chich., Line., Lond.,South a:, 8tamf.).
Leofjitan, Lefstan, Lcostan, &c. (Cant.,
Lond., Shaft., Shrews., Windiest.,
Wore.).
Leo/wi [ = Leofwig or Leofwine](Lond.).
Leofwig (Chest., Line., Wuric).Leofwine, Leowine, &c. (liidf., Brist.,
Buck., Cant., Chest., Exet., Line.,
Lond., Norw., Oxf., Shrews.,
Southump., Thetf., "Wallingf.,
Winchest.).
Lrof<5egen (Bedf., Malm.).Liadrafen ? (Line).
Litinc, Liling, Lifnic, &c. (Cant.,
llast., Ipsw., JAne., Lond., Oxf.,
Southw., Stamf, Wilt., Winchest.).
Lifred, see Leofred.
Lodnuer, see Ladmrer.Lufric [= Leofric?J (Winchest., Wore.).
Mann or Manna (Line., Norw.).Mi,,diof(E.at.).
i\auinin [=Aor<5man?] (Line).Noriman (Lewes).
Ordric (Hcref).
Osfer^ (Line.).
Oslac (Line.)
0.<mund (Line.).
Ouclincar [^Ou'Kencarl?] (Lond.).
Oiberan or Oierun l=Oibeorn?']Line.).
O^grim, O^urim, Oirim, &c. (Line).0<5in or Oiinn (York).
Pororie, see AVororie.
lladir ? (Lend.).
Kiiifuir (Thetf.).
Jiinulf [= liincolf?] (Norw.).Sudnnan (llinf.).
Sivgrim (Xott.).
Sxwtrd ( Wiitchcst.).
Sffiwine (Brist., Chest.).
Scula (York).
Smil, Snd, or Snell (Chest.).
Stcwer (Lond.).
Stirccire (Cinnbr.).
Stircol ( York).
Suimrlid, Sunn rh da, Sumerhjd, &c.(Chest., Line.).
Sumrrlr [ = Sunurleda?] (Oicst.).
Sand' id 'f (Cant.).
Sunrddc, iV'c.[_= Sum<.rletla?2 (Line).
Swafa (Line).Sicart or Swi rt (Stamf, York).
Swartebrand, Swartcfrand, Sioertibrand,
&c. (Line).Swartine, Swortinc, Sco. (Chist., Dirby,
Line., T//.//'., Wallinnf.).
Swegen(C//'W.' York).Sicili ninn ( Winrlnsl.).
Swola or Swote (Bed/.).
;{0i ENGLAND.
Sicriirul/ [ = Sw(trlriilf?] ( \\'itichr»l.).
IVrili! ..r7v.,/r,(Y«)rk)-
IJI/ril i,r VlftilU'i'iiil.).
WiuU.MOT U'iiflo^il.ine.).
WiiMlrll <,r H'.</./(J{iith).
W.ilr.r/',n (Line).
W.ilf.id.iw.).Wiimmi'it (Lmid.).
W, riiw [ = SwLTtinc?] (Lhrhy).
WiiHiini (Ipflw.).
HV(//(f, \Vudia, &c. (Lond., Win-diest.)-
AVidi^' (»r Widifje {Land., Windiest.).
Wih,rim (Slum/.).
M'iiixl.iiijiCiii'it.).
Winnil (Ciiiit.).
Witistau {Siilinb.).
]nil„H [= ]\'(idl,»i'>} (Line).
Wi?iriuno or WitSuring (York).
Worurie (Line).
Wudia, tifi: Widia.Wullinirn, Wulborn, &c. (Line).Wulrot, Kn; Wulfgct.Wiihrinr [=Wuirwinc?] (York).
WuJj.h(l),rh)i).
\Vnii]in>\ M'C Wulfwino.Wulfgi't or Wulcett (Line, Shrews.).
Wnlfnd (Shrtirs.).
Wnlfric (Line, Shaft.).
Witlj'ictrd (Lond.).
Wulfiri or Wul/icie [= Wul/irifi or
WuHwini'] (Ciinl., Hunt., Lond.).
Wnlfwiiic, Wnll/n-ine, Wulwine, &o.
(IJriHt., C'ltmhr., Cant., Clicst.,
Colcli., Hunt., Lond., Maid.,
Wallinfi/., York).
Wiilf,'iir [=\Viilff,'ar] (Lond.).
Wuin..« [=Wuirno?i] (Dri.st., Cant.,
Cli'Kt., Ex't., Ltie, liomn., ]Vin-
chiKt.).
Wulxir, Wuhiqe, &c. (Here/., Lond.).
Wul.stiin [ = Wulf8tan] (Cant., Lond.,
Lcic, " Worime ").
Willira nl [= Wiil/irard] (Glouc).
M;,l,r!,i [= ]\'ulfiri<i](Cant.).
Wula-ii [= Wul/a-i(j or Wulfwinu](Hunt., Land.).
Wulwiue, 8K' Wulfwinc.WuiiHige [= Wynnige] (Lend.).
Wydia, gre Widia.Wynnir, Wyn^if/, Wynfiige, &c. (Lond.).
WynKifj'' and Wamanea (Lond.).
pialda (Lond.).
perman (Lond.).
pudini^i? (Lond.).
\)urcet[l] (Stam/.).
purgrim (York).
purstan (Line , Stum/.),
purtdf (Stam/.).
Description of Types.
Obverse. Reverse.
Type i.
Bust 1., diadoiuod. Around, inscrip-
tion divided by Lust : outer circle.
Cross comjioscd of four ovals, unitedat their bases by two circles enclos-ing pellet. Around, inscri^'tion :
outer circle.
Slime : hut o/ rude icvrk.
[Cf. PI. XX. 1.]
Type i. rar. a.
ISimilar; inscription htticeen tico circhi
[llild, V\ It, TyiK A. rar. a.}
IIAROL]) I. 305
Obverse.
Type ii.
Suitt L, diademed. Around, inscrip-
tion divided by bust : outer circle.
Lon/f cross voided ; in centre, circle en-
closing pellet: in angles, P A C X.
Arouml, inscription : outer circle.
[Hild., PI. 10, Type E.]
Type iii.
Bust 1., (liadcmcd. Around, inscrip-
tion divided by bust : outer circle.
Short cross voided; in centre, circle
enclortint^ jiellet. Around, inscrip-
tion between two circlea.
[Sec No. Gl, p. 313.]
Type iii. rar. a.
Siniilur : in front of Inist, sceptre.|Same.
[See No. G."), p. 314.]
Type iv.
J5«.s< /., diddemi'd. Aroiitid, inncrip- I On short croi^s voidid, quadrihitindlion divided by bud: outer circle. \
onmui-nt irith ptlht at each angle
(Dill in centre. Around, inscription
between two circles.
[Ildd., ri. 10, Type D.]
Type iv. var. a.
Similar: bust In iinwur : in front, I Same,slii' III and !<<< pire.
[llild ., ri. Kt. 7'.'//.. I), var. a.]
:}0G ENGLAND.
Obvorio. R«vcrac.
Tijpe V.
HiiHt l.,iliailiiiw'il, in armour; in front,
Hliiclil ami H<'i|>tr(>. Aronnil, iu-
Hcriptiuu diviiiud by bust: outer
cirdo.
Lonfj oro.s3 voided, limbs united at
tlioir baacH by circle, enclosing pel-
let : in cacli angle, trefoil of three
fxlletd. Around, inscription : outer
circle.
Similar : hu»l r.
[Cf. n. XX. 4.]
Tijpe V. vnr a.
Same.
Similar : bust 1.
Same.
pVIontagu Coll.]
Type V. var. h.
I
Similar; in first angle of cross, trefoil
1 of three pellets ; in second and third,
fleur-de-lis between two pellets
;
Iand in fourth, fleur-de-lis.
[Cf. PI. XX. 10]
Type V. var. c.
I
Similar : in each angle of cross, flcur-
I
de-lis between two pellets.
[Cf. Fl. XX. 2.]
Type vi.
Buft 1., hclmeted, in armour: in front,fhiihl (uul ^rtptre. Around, inscrip-
tion divided by bust : outer circle.
Long cross voided ; in centre, circle
enclosing pellet : in each angle, fleur-
de-lis between two pellets. Around,inscription : double outer circle.
[Hild., n. 0, Type B. var. c]
HAROLD I. 307
Description of Coins.
No.
.'508 ENCILAND,
Ni..
I)
10
11
12
13
U
15
10
IS
ObvcrM.
4-HAR. OLD REC
4-HAR OLD REC-.
RCVCMC.
•J-DVLNOO 0N BRICWt. 15 0.
^PVLPINE O BRIC
Monr-yer.
Wulno«.
Wulwiiio\Vt. IG-5. (Wulfwinc).
C/ENTFARABYRIG.[Canterbury.]
^HAR. OLD R:
Ty2)e i.
I
-I^LEFENSO ©rCANAVt. 17-3.
I'ype y. rar. c.
J-HI/IR: OLD RE
I^HARO. LD RECX.
I^HAR LD REC
I-HAR ©LD RE
^/ELFRED ONO CENWt. 140.
^LVLDEPINE O CEWt. 16-4.
M CE:Wt. 13-6.
»i«LEFSTAN O CEN(Broken.)
CICESTRIE.
[Chichester.]
Type i.
"i-HAR OVD R 'i'/ELFRIC ON CICESWt. 17-8.
COLENCEASTRE.[Colchester.]
Type V. far. c.
I«HAR: -OLD RE: I «^QORIC ON CONCI
Wt. 15-3.
•t'HAROL D RECX •tPVLPINE ON COL-Wt. 138.
LefenaS
( = Leofno<5).
iElfred.
Gyldewine.
Lefstan.
.^Ifric.
Goric(Godric).
Wiilwine(Wulfwinc).
HAROLD I. 309
No.
310 ENGLAND.
No.
HAROLD I. 311
No.
312 ENOLANl).
No.
41
•15
4G
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
Kcvcrno.
LEIGECEASTER, Etc.
[ClM.'Bti'r.J
^-HAR OLD REX
i-H?^R- OLD REX
"i^HAR DLD REX
^HAR OLD REC
„ REX
Type i.
^'/ELFSIICE ONLEIEE:\Vt. lG-5.
"i-ELEPINE ONL-EICE-.-Wt. 17 1.
[PI. XX. 7.]
I
'I'LEOFPIL ON LECIEEWt. 17-2.
Muueyer.
Type V. var. c.
^LEOFNOO ON LEICWt. 17-4.
I-PVLPNE: ON LEIOCWt. 14-8.
^HAR OLD REX
^HAR- OLD REX
LINCOLNE.[Lincoln.]
Type i.
^EONRIH ON LINCOLWt. 14-0.
iElfsige.
Ehvino(.I'Ell'wine).
Lcofwif
LeofnoS.
Wulwino(Wulfwinc).
^SP7\F7^ ON
[ri. XX. 8.]
LINCOLN :
Wt. 17 7.
Type V. var. c.
^HARO LD RECX «i«CODRIE ON LINWt. 170.
•I^HAR OLD RE
^-HAR- OLD R-EX.
4«LI7\DRAFEN LirCWt. 15o.
•tspARTiN: o lin:Wt. 15-7.
Conrim.
Swiifa.
Godric.
Liadrafen ?
Swartinc
HAROLD I, 313
No.
54
55
56
57
58
59
GO
CI
G2
G3
G4
Obverse.
•i^HA-DO D RCX:
^HARD: LD REX
Reverse.
•i-PORORIE O: LINZWt. 15-9.
•tPVLBRN LINC:Wt. IG G.
•i<H-7\n OLD RE
I^HARO- LD REX,
i«HAR OLD RE
I-HSR OLD „
>i«HAR- OLD REX
"i'HARO- LD REX
•i^HAR- OLD REX
"i-HAR OLD „
•I-NAREII I'RE
LUNDENE.[London.]
Type i.
»f/EL-FNO£) ON LVND:Wt. 15-2.
i^C/ERENAN ON LVD.Wt. lf)-2.
Jloneyer.
Wororie ?
Will born.
iElfno«.
Casrcnan.
i-CODPINE ON LVNDE: Gudwiue.Wt. 15-7.
"MLOLDSILE ON LVNWt. 15 8.
•i«L-EOFPINE ONLVNDE
:
Wt. 17G.[PI. XX. 9.]
t'L-EORIE ON LVND-.-Wt. 17-2.
I<P.V.L-FPINE ON L-VNAVt. 17G.
"i-PVLC-AR ON LVNDEWt. 17-G.
Type iii.
^^OVONEAR ON LVWt. 20 0.
Goldsigo.
Leofwine.
Leofric.
Wulfwine.
Wuljrar.
Ou?>ncar (=Ou>eiu'arl?).
•Sl{ ENQLAND.
No.
C5
CG
C7
cs
70
71
72
73
7i
Obvorac. Reverie.
Typi' iii. var. a.
•i'HAR: OLD RETX | t'LEIFINE Oil LVNDWt. 11-5.
Type V. var. b.
"i-HARO LD REC-.- 1 ^BRIHTM/ER O LVI
Wt. 15-5.
[PI. XX. 10.]
Type V. var. c.
i-HAR OLD REC
»i«HAR-0- LD REEX
»i<HARO: LD „
i^HAR: OLD REX
•i'HARO L-D RECX
i-HAR- OLD RE :
^HAR OLD RLE-.-
„ REE
„ REC:
«i-BRVNC7\R ON LVWt. 13-6.
VJ NO yiADNVHSvl*Wt. lG-3.
"i-CORFF ONN: LVNWt. HO.
LEOPOLD ON LVNWt. 17-2.
»> i» ))
Wt. 15-5.
^COD ON LVNDE :
Wt. llD.
-J-CODSIIE ON LVNWt. 11-5.
'i'CODPINE ON LVNWt. 16-8.
•i^LEOORED ON LVD:Wt. 12-7.
Moneycr.
Lifin;
^LIFRED Om LVNWt. IC 7.
[PI. XX. II.]
•tHARO LD R-ECX i'LEOFRIC O: LVNI Wt. 173.
Brihtmajr.
Bnincar or
BruDfrar.
CorfF.
Edwold.
God.
Godsige(Goldsige).
Godwine.
Lcofredor Lifred.
Lcofric
.
HAROLD I. 315
No.
316 ENGLAND.
No.
HAROLD I. 317
No.
91
95
96
97
98
99
100
Obverse. Reverse. Moneyer.
PELINGAFORD.[Wallingford.]
Type i.
t'HTVROL D RECX >t/EL-PIC ©NNPELINCT^
Wt. lG-3.
[PI. Xi. 13.]
Type V.
^HAROL- D RECX A I i^/ELPINE ON PELII
IW'i. IG a.
Type V. rnr. c.
I^HAR-.- OLD REC|^LEOFPhNE O: PEL
Wt. 15 7.
FILTUNE.[Wilton.]
•I^NARO LD REEXType V.
^LIFINE OI\N PILTWt. 15 7.
PINCEASTRE.[Wincbcstcr.]
Typr i.
^HARO- LD REX «i«/ECELRIE ON PILE- i .Egc-lric.
Wt. 1()().
iElfwig.
^Elfwiiio.
Lcofwine.
Liliiic.
tNAROL D REX
^HARO LD. REX
•tBRVNSTAN ON PIN i-|Brunstnu.
Wt. KJC.
i-PVDIA ON PlNCEST-.-i WiidiaWt. 17-2. (Widia).
:h8 ENOLANI).
No.
IIAROLD I. .319
No.
;;i.'o ENGLAND.
HARTHACNUT.Succ. A.u. 10 10; uiiiiJ A.u. 1012.
Mojipycre.
Auvlrir (Uorch., Ox/., Shaft., Win-clirxt.).
iEf^tlwnrd (Lond.).
y%/W [ = yE^'<'lwino ?] (Prh., Oj-f.).
JEgfUvlnc {Bri»t., Cnni., Ciirl;!., 'Jlrh.,
Line., Oxf., Soiiihw., Witham).
JFAcrie or ^TJrlrir [ = J'JI/ric ?] (Glouc).
yt7/'7( (Shnws.).
JElftw^ (Line).yW/rrd (Cunt., Windiest.).
Jii/ric or Alfric {Glouc, Line, Wal-
lindf.).
JElffiiil,:] (Chrst., Glnuc).
JKIfMan (Chmt., Ex,t.).
^Ifwig (^Cumhr., Southw.).
iElfwine, JElaine, Alficine, &c. (IlnnL,
Jjimd., Oxf., Southamp., Thetf.,
Wiiu'hcBt.).
JElvinuirii [= .Elfwine ?] (^WalUngf).JErnqrim ( Yorh).
JHKti'in (^WinrhiM.).
JEf'neine (Brid., Lond.).
Alfeard.
AtfiM^ (IJnc).
Alfnd (^Iliid.).
Alficard (Lowrf.).
Alt'.-, Kic, also iElf.-
Ahrard\^= Alftmrd'] (Lond.).
Arncitel (Lond.).
Aithic (Lond.).
I31ucamun (GuiM., Nott.).
Jihumnn [ = Blacamau] (Dorch.).
B(X}a (Ihn-ir).
Ih'idd (H.ixt.).
liruii or ]}ninn (Lond.).
Jhitnrtiin, me Brnnstuu.
Brunnd (Smtthir.).
Brunxtdn or Brunrtan (Tlnff.).
Briinirim- or Buruine (iStumf., Wul-
Iin(if.).
Calic (Lond.).
C>o[ra] ( Winch' at).
Cilhcrid [=aillvrri>'t'\ (Chest.).
Cinntiin or Ciniftan (Dover).
Colgrim (Line).
Courint'cof? (Line).
Corf (Lond.).
Jhxlda or Ihxh (Exit.).
J>udinic (Lond).
Dnnhird (Lmifjs.).
Earnvi (JLnf.).
JCdmrer (Exit.).
Edric (L^ond.).
Eilipird (Lnces).
Edwig (Lond., Oxf.).
Edirine (Jjond.).
Etmjf (Dover).
ESedan.Fxrgrim or Fargrim (Stamf.).
FriSi (Stovn.)
Godcild ( Wdch.).Godric (Glouc, Ilch., Line, Lond.,
Soufhomp., Stdmf.).
Godric and Calic (Lond.).
Godi<une (Cambr.).
Godwine (Uorch., Exit., Lond., Oxf.,
Bock., Salisb., Stamf., Thetf, Win-chest.).
Godivine and Ceo[ca^ (Winehest.).
Godwiuc and "\Vudi[a] (AViuclKst.).
Golda (Exet.).
Goldcytel (Exct.).
Goldgige (Lond.).
IL-vrra (Exet.).
llildulf (Line).
Hunna (Malm.).Uiratiman (Brift.).
Ldd' man [= Sideman'?'] (Warn:).Ladnuvr ( Winclird.).
Laftri or Liofivi [ = Lxfivine ?]
(Cant.).
Lcf.-, see Leof.-
Leofnoi, Lefcno<5, &c. (Brist., Caid.,
Chest.. Gloue, Hercf.).
Leofred (Lond.).
Leofred and Brun (Lond.).
Leofric (Cant., Yorh).
Leofstau, Lcfstan, &c. (Lond., Tl'crr.).
Leifii-ine, Lofirine, &c. (Cant., Chi.it.,
Chich., Dover, Noric, Stamf.,Thitf., Wane).
Leof^eejen.
Leonig (LAne).liilinc (Lpsie, Line, Lond., 0.rf.).
Maideof (Exit.).
NorSman (Letves).
Ordroc (Hrrof.).
Oslnrn (Sitiin?).
Osferf> (Line).
HARTHACNUT. 321
Chmund (Line, None).Oudrel or Oulfcd \^=Ouicit<l] (Loud.).
Oufiiuriirl, Oi^iurar, &c. (Loud.).
llineulf or Itiunlj (Xonr.).
l{ulni,i [=Wuluo«?] (Liiic.).
Ilumin'i d ?
Sxvard ( W'iurhi !>(.).
S.-ewino (Brut., Leic, WiucLest.).Siwerd ( Wurir.).
Snell (Chid.).
Swirt [= Swortinc?] (Stain/.).
Swfrti7u' (Dtrhy, Line).Swot (Bid/.).
Toci [=Tocu ?] (Lwid.).Ul/citil (Limd.).
W.idil (Bath).
Windi[^(j'] [= Winidti<j] (Cant.).
WUcrtrinn^ (York).
Wracu (Wiiichtst.).
Wu(li[a] [ = "\ViJiu?] (Winchett.).
Wulb^m (Line).Wnl/rh (Drrby).
Wul/rnl [= cf. Wul/ici-rd] (Glouc.
Loud.)Wul/iri [= TT'iJ/irtnt ?] (Hunt.).
Wul/wint or Wtdirine \Lanqp., Li-ic).
Wulno« (Exit., (ilouc, 'Sou.).
Wuhicud(Hiri/.).WnUi,), (Uiri/.).
Wuliniif, ftt Wtd/iciiU'.
Wuicird l=Wnl/wtrd'] (Glouc.)
pMji^iiciue (Ejcit.).
porcetvl (Loud.).
\?ori<tan or \?uriitann (Lotul.).
pttrcil [xte also pwrct/tV] (LviuL).
punjrim (Line).
Descrhtion of Tyies.*
Obverse. Reveree.
Type i.
UuHt, 1 , (liiulcmcd. Around, inscrip-
tiuu divided by bust : outer circle.
Cross composed of four ovals, united ut
their ba>C8 by two circlt.-s enclosing
pellet. Around, inscription : outer
circle.
[Sec Xo. 12. p. 326.]
Similar ; bubt r.
Type i. var. a.
I
Same.
[Cf. PI. XXI. l.j
Bust 1., diadeiued
in left hand. Around, inscription
divided by bust : outer circle.
Type ii.
in front, bccptrc[Over short cro^-s voidcil, (|ua«lrilater.d
ornament with pellet at each angle
j
and in centre. Around, inscription
I
between two circles.
[Cf. PI. XXI. 2 ]
Similar; no sciptre.
Type ii. var. a.
ISaute.
[Hild., PI. 10, Type B, var. a.}
* Hlldeliraud Tvpo E. I'l. II, Is ui>t dcsrriliol as It is of nanUh m.vle and fabric. Type II,
var. b, ri. 11, and" lypc i, vtr. a, I'l. \-2, may al.s<i Ik> I>aiil.-h <<.|>lo.s cf KiikIIi-U I'l'lii:*, I'lit a» tliey
rf.'<cinl)lc ill tlieir ro\'ci>c lyin-.t <oliit. i>f the Knullsh iiiliit«, Nnrwli li auil York, tbcy are iiit'liiditl in
tlic fulUiwiiig libt. Tlicy uVf given as 'lyiK.' l.\. and iy\>v vii. vai\ a.
VOL. U. Y
322 i:N(il,ANI».
Itevene.
Tyf»' iii.
Iliii>l I., illniliu'il. AroHHil, hmrriplionjSmull croKs jmtM. Around, in»crii>lion
(lirid'tl hi/ hunt : oud r rirrlr. \ b'twnri two circhs.
[Hil(]., PI. 11, TypeC.}
Type iv.
Dui>t 1. ; in front, eceptri: Around,inscriptivn biticicn tico circles.
Sliort cross voided, prlht in centre ; in
angles, C R V ^. Around, inscrip-
ti<m htween tipfi circUs.
[Hild., PI. 11, TypeD.-]
Type V.
J^uxt 1., in mitre-shapfd hdmet ; in\
Slurrt cross voided, limbs unit>d byfront, sci plri . Around, inscription
j
circle ; in each anffle, crescent en-
hcttceen tico circles, divided by bust. i closing pellet. Around, inscription
between tico circles.
[Hild.. PI. 11, Typ^-Y.]
Type vi.
Bust l.,ditid'mfd. Around, inscription
dividid hy huxt : out<r circle.
Short cross voided: linibs united by circle.
Around, inscription between twocirch s.
[Hild.. T'l. 11, 7»/;.. G.]
HARTHACNUT. 323
Obverse. Reverse.
Simihir ; in front, ecejitre.
Type vi. var. a.
ISame.
[IliM., ri. II, T,/},r a var. rj.]
Type vi. var. b.
Similar : hu>'t urariiuf mitrc-ghapcdliflmit, and ini^rri/itinn beticeen twocirch'X, lUviih'd III/ hitxt.
Samf.
[Hild., ri. 11, Typ, C. var h.]
Type vii
Bui^t 1., (liadt mrd ; in front, eojttr.:
Around, inscription divided hyhuM.outer circh.'.
Sliorl cross voided ; in centre, circle
endusincf pellet : in amjles, PA C X.
Around, inscription : outer circle.
Hil.l.. ri. 1-2. Typ, I.]
Type vii. rnr. a.
Similar ; lust r., in armour and I Similar : the liml>s of cross extend to
hclmetcd : 7io sceptre. edge of coin, each terminating increscent.
[Ilil.l., ri. 1'2, Tyj.r I, n,r. „.]
y 2
:{2i KN(iLANn.
ObVMM.
Typi vi
lluM /., iliitih nil il. Arnund, imcription(iivul'd by bttfl : ottter circle.
Ijftmj rriiKK rnidtd, liinfjs unltid hyrirrlr incUming jitlbt ; in each antjle,
fliUT -di' -lin Ix'lwctn two pdlcts.
Arouml, ingcrijition : uuttr circle.
[Hild., n. 11, Typo 11.^
Type viii. var. a.
Similar; hunt in armour ; before, shield
ami aceptre.
Similar ; pelkt at end of each limb ofcrofis, mid no pilUt on either side
of fleurs-de-liif in ungleg.
[Hild., PI. 11, Type H. var. o.]
Type ix.
J)u»t r., helmeted, in amour. Around,iwcription divided by hu»t : outercircle.
Long cross voided, p>lltt in centre
;
in each angle, fleur de-li« beticeeii ttco
]uUei». Around, inscription : outercircle.
[Uikl, ri. 11, Type U. var. 6.J
HARTHACNUT.
Descriptiox of Ck)iNs.
325
No. Obverse. Reverse. Moneyer.
ECXECEASTER, Etc.
[E.XCttT.J
Tyim i. var. n.
4<HARD CNVT RE I ^COLDA ON AXSAP-.-
IWt. 170.
[ri. XXI. 1.]
•i^HARCA CNVT RE ^GOLD-EYTA ONCAX-.-
Wt. 17 0.
Golda.
Qoldcytel.
Blacauian.
GILDEFORDA.[(Juildford.]
Type i. var. a.
«I«HAROA CNVT RE I -i-BLACAMAN ON LIL-:
I
(Chipped.)
GLEPEGEASTER.[Gltjiiciator.]
Type ii.
4-HAOAC NVT RE i •t'/ELERIC ©NGL-EPEP:
Wt. 17-2.
J-HARO ACNVT RE -^LODRIE ONLLEPEEE:
Wt. 20' 1.
[PI. xxr. 2.]
HEREFORD.[H.Toford.]
Type ii.
C 1 .^HAR : OCN/ RE I i-LEFENOOC ON hEREl Lofono?!
1I
Wt. 10 0. ( - Lce.fIlo^).
[IM. XXI :!J
iEleric
( = .*:ifric?).
(Jodric.
320 ENQLANIJ,
No.
10
11
12
13
11
Obverse.
"t-HAROE CfVT RE
Revcrac.
4-ORDRECON HEREFO\Vt. 17 G
Moncycr.
Or.lrw.
i-HARO CNVT
•I'HARO AC:NV
•i'HARO LWT R:
4<HAR€> ACNVT R
LEHERCEASTER.[Leicester.]
Type ii.
I
•tS/EVINE ON LEHERWt. 17 0.
LINCOLNE.[Lincoln.]
Type ii.
^COLGRIM ON LINE:Wt. 18-5.
•JhCODRIE ON LINEOWt. 170.
[PI. XXI. 4.]
•i^LIFINC Om LHEOE-,Wt. 13-8.
t'HARO- -ACryT
LUNDENE.[Luuilon.]
Type i.
I
t'LEOFSTAN ON LVNDI
(I'ierced.)
•I-HAR- OENV
fHA RAV
Ti/jh' ii.
i'/ECELFARD ON LV.-.
Wt. IG 2.
I-BRVN ON LVN-Wt. HO.
Ssowine.
Colgriin.
Godric.
Lilinc.
Lcofstan.
.^Egclward.
Brun.
HARTHACNUT. 327
No.
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Obverse.
*HARO CNVTE
Reverse.
'I'HARO CNVT
•i<LEFSTAN ON LVNDEWt. 17-8.
[PI. XXI. 5.]
OXENAFORD.[Oxford.]
Type ii.
j•ti/ECELPINE ON OXA:
I
Wt. 15-3.
[PI. XXI. C]
-I-HTXRDA CNVT RE ^/EDLPINE ON-
«I«HAR£) ACNVT
i-HARO ACNVT RE
coxe:-wt. 15-8.
^EDVIL ON CROXANAWt. 15-7.
-i-GODPINE ©N COXE-.Wt. 15-2.
"JiHARO ACN/
SNOTINGAHAM.[Nottiugham.]
Type ii.
"i-PVLNOD ON 3N0TWt. 150.
ST>€NIG.
[Sti-yning.]
22
Typi: i. far. a.
tHAROA CNVT RE I "i-FRIDI ON ST/ENIGE-:
IWt. 10 5.
[PI. XXI. 7.]
SUDGEPEORC.[Southwark.]
Moneyer.
Lcfatan(Lcofstftn).
.tEfrelwine.
Edwig.
Godwine.
WulnoS(Wulfno«).
1-HARO CNVTTyp> ii.
II'/ELVII ON SVOCER-
I
Wt. 18-3.
[PI. XXI. 8.J
Fii«i.
yElfwig ?
;528 EN(iLANl).
No. Obvornc. Moncyer.
23
PINCEASTRE.[WiiichcBtcr.]
Typr i. vnr. a.
•tHAROA CNVT RE 1 4^/ELFPINE ON PICE: iElfwine.
IWt. 16-6.
[PI. XXI. 9.]
24
25
^GODPINE- PVDI ON CirMlwinn
PI-: and \Vudi(n).
\Vt. IG 8.
Tijpf ii.
•tHARO CNV REX ^S/EFINE ONPINEEST:
Mt. 180.[PI. XXI. 10.]
S«3winc.
( 320 )
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.
Slxc. a.d. 1042; died a.d. lOOtJ.
^Joneyers.
Mitnn [ = iE.stan ?] {Winch sL).
^(Igar (liond.).
^tlric, Edric, &c. (Cant.. Line, Lond.,Thetf.).
iEdward, see Eadward..^elric \_see also Jilfric] (Glonc,
HfTC'f., Lond.).
iEgelmair (Bath),.^gelric or Egelric (Glouc, Lcic,
Lond., Oxf.).
iEgelsie (Thetf.).
JEgelsig {Loud.).
yEgclward (Lond.).
yEgelwcr [iEgolwerd] (Lond.).
.lEgelwig or Egelwig (Lond., 0.r/.).
.tEgelwine {Agticor?, Crickl., 'Ilch.,
Leic, Lond., Oxf., Tamw., Win-chest., Wore),
^ilsio (Thftf.).
iEilwig (Wallingf.).
.iEilwino [«ee also .lEgelwine],
(Crickl.).
iElfch (Shrews., Stamf.).
iElferc, ^Elfhcro, or'Elfiro {Stam/.,
York).
^Iffet (Lond.).
yElfgar (Chest., Lond.).
iElfgct(Linc.).jEl/mrrr.
iElfno«, .Elno«, or Elfno» (Line,Loud.).
/Elfrod or Klfred(Cant.. Lond.. York).
.lElfric, .iElrie, or EllVic {JIdrdn., Brist.,
Cant., Exet., G/<*ue, (iuild., Lcic,Lond., Lydf., Southic., Staf.,
Thetf.).
iElfsie, Alfsio, Elfsic, &c. (Cliest.,
ftlouc., Lewes, Lond., Thetf.,
W'lirw.).
^<:ifsig, iElfsigc, Elfsige, Elxige
(Ciiest., (lloHC, Lond.).yl^lftjJan, «(» Llf.stan.
yElfwald, ^IfwoM. Alfwald,(Lond.. Sali^h., Wilt.).
iElfward, .Elfw.ar.l, .Elfwcrd,
&c.
&c.
VI rd, iVc.
Shaft.).
Elf-(Brist., Cant., Lond.,
iElfwi or J-Ufa-ie [= ^Elfwig or
yElfwine], {Camhr., Heref., Loud.,
Thrtf.).
^Ifwig, ^Iwig, kc. (Brist., C.imbr.,
Lond., Oxf., Thif., WaUiiuj/.).
.lElfsvinc, ^Ehvinc, Elfwiue, &c.
(Bri.st., Cambr., Chicli., Colch.,
Crickl., Dovir, Exet., Guild.,
Ilert., Hunt., Ilythe, Ilch., Ipsw.,
Line, Lond., Norw., Oxf.,
Southamp., Southw., Thetf., Wilt.,
Windiest., Wore, York)..Elfwold, see ^Elfwald.
.Elfwond [= .Elfwold?] (Lond.).
jElmur {Both).
,Elmon (Bedf.).
.Elncd, Elricd, &c., (Cant.).
J<:iric [=-Slfric?] (Glouc, ITere/.,
Leic.).'
.^rfrc [cf. Arfra] (Stamf.).
.^Estan, Astan, or Estan {Brii't., ^^<>ln^^.,
Warw., Winchest.).JEstan and Loc (Winchest.)yJJgtmur or Extmar {Lond.).
yEwulf, see Eawulf.JE^ehcpard.JEMicine {Thetf., Y<>rh).
iESestan (Brist, Winchest.).
Agamund (Line).Aldgnr (Lond.).
Aleof(York).Allsie. xr. .Elfsie.
Alfwald or Alfwold. sr, .Elfwal.l.
Aliiniuiid (Nott.).
Alric (Lond.).
Alxxi [ = .Elfsig?] (Chest.).
Anderboda or Anderbode (Winchest.).
Ansira.
Arbctel [= Amcetel ?] (York).
Arfra [= yErfaraV] (Stamf.).
Arnc(d, Amcetel, Amcytel, Arhrtil,
\-e (York).
Arngrim, .lErngrim, or Erngrim(^'/J,^7..
Nott., York).AsefirS [= Osfer« ?] (Line).Astan, Si I' .Est4in.
At.sere (Thetf.).
The Monoycrs' names without Mint places .ire chiefly taken Troni the list in Riiding.
:VM) i;N(ii,.\Ni».
A lit I or Aiilli (Line).
ItuldiiiiK {SI, till/.).
It, , nil or llitirn (Waroli., Ynrh).
Itiiiri'il (l.oiiil.).
Itlut-iiiiiiiii, ItliK I'liiiin, or IMaciiiiiii
(l>orrli., (iuilil., Notl,;.
Hliic.r ( riii-ll'.).
Itliiniiiiin [= lllaraman ?] (Dordi.).
IMiin re [cf. lilficer] (Thetf.).
JUlric.
l{();,'ii, Hoia, or lloif^a (Dover, Tiiimt.).
Uraiid (Must., WuUiugf., Winclu hI.)-
MricHJi,'!) (Loud.).
I5ri.l or llriiid (I last.).
nri,i,'litiii!i!r, Brilitmsor, &c. (Lund.,Wiillinf;f., Winehcst.).
]triliiiw[ = Jirihtinc?'].
l?rilitiu)> ((ilouc).
i;rilitrcd(Lond., Oxf.).
JJrilitrii', Jiri^ric, &:c. (Coloh., Ipsw.,
Lino., R,ad., Taunt., Wallingf.).
Brihtwiiio (Lond., Malui., Vxf., Wal-lingf., York).
Brihtwuld {OxJ\, "WiDchest.\Brin.
Jlriiiit? (jSVfim/.).
Brinwold (Oxf.).
Brixi (Wilt.).
Brifrir, sec. Brihtric.
Jirurhi/iii', x< »' ISriinhyse.
Uruinni' [ = Bruii\viuo] {Iiisw.).
Brum (I{)sw.).
Brunian, Bruinnan, OTBrntiman (Cant.,
Ijitiw., Land.).
Brun or Bruiin (Ipsw., Winchest).liruiidiriiii'.
Brunfrar (Lond., Ronin.).
Bruuhysc [= Brunsij;e] (Colch.).
Brunic, Bruniiic, Brunninc, Bryninc,&c. (Cliost., Ipsw., Line, Lond.,Tainw.).
BrunuLSO [= Brunhy.-e] (Colch.)
Brunnusel [ = Brunliusel?] (Chest.).
Brun.stan (Thetf.).
Brunwine or Bnjmcine (Stamf., "Wal-
lingf.).
Bryninc, ^vv' Bruninc.Burod or Buhnd (Lond.).Biircwinc [ = Brunwino?] (Wallingf.).Burnhere (Lond.).
Burnrod.Cedoniiiii (Shaft.).
a/t,LCon el in (Norw.).Centwine (Wilt).Ct'iyja or Ciola {Whichtet.).Cto/tan.
Coolwi or Cilwi (Dover).Ceorl (Brist.).
CitttI, s,;- Cytdl.(.'ewine [ = Cent\vinel (Exet.).
( ild (//.<//., IJcdwiii).
Cillrcriwt (Taunt.).
Cilliii ? (I-iiif.).
(j'ihvi, H'< Ciolwi.
Cinciiiiur (Lond.).
Cin.Htan (Dover).
('Ugil.
Clnciin:
Ciil or Cola.
C^lhin (Dcrl)y).
CoUiraiid (Clicst.).
CJolgrini (Line).
Colinc (Tamw.).Cohi.
Colstan.
Colswcgcn (Hast.).
Coltsue.
Ccmli? (Line).Cimna.
Ciirff (Lond.).
Cu%ftr^ (IJnc).
CytelloT Citvil (York).
Droinlut (Aijlegb., Maid.).Dthjin (None).Dcftlien or Dcorhan (Lond.).
Deornian or Diorman (Colch., Lond.,Htcyn.).
Deorsigo (Hert., Line).Dermon [= Doorman ?] (Steyn.).
Direman (Lond.).
Diremc.Dirinc or Dijrinc [=:Wirinc?] (Cant.,
Cliich.).
Dodnic [ = Dudinc?] (Lond.).
Dudinc (Hnriid., Lend.).
Duducol (Shaft.).
Dulwic (Lond.).
Duninc, Duning, Dunninc, &c. (Cheat.,
Hast.).
Durhrd (llch.).
Duriuc (Lend.).
Durreb (Lond.).
Durul.Eadgar or Edgar (Berkel.. Lond.).
Eadmund (Loud.).
Eadric (Lond.).
Eadwald. Eadwold, Edwald, Edwold,&c. (Loud.).
Eadward, P^adweard, Edward, Edwcrd,&c. (Cambr., Caut., Exet., Lewes).
Eadwig or Edwig (Chich., Exet.,
Ipsw., Lewes, Lond.).
Eiulwinc, Edwino, &e. (Leic, Lewes,/y/«r, Lond., Norw., Oxf., Rocli.,
Stamf.).
Eidcsi.
Ealdgar (Lend.).
Ealdulf (Lond.).
EaUlwig (Maid., Malm.).Eauicrd (Cant.).
Earcil (York).
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 331
Earinvi[p] (Hcrtf., Shrews.).
Eastmitsr (Wore.).
Eawulf (Glouf.).
Ecwig (Loud.).
Edelic.
El I gar, gee Eadgar.Edin?(Lond.).E.lina3r(Kxut.).
Edmund (Line).Edred (Loud.).
Edric or Edriic, see iEdric.
Edsie [= Ed.sige?] (Exct.).
Eddan {Canthr.).
Edwald or Edwold, see Eadwald.Edward or Edwerd, sec Eadward.Edwie (Wiuchest.).
Edwig, see Eadwig.Edwine, see Eadwine.Egelric, gee .^Egelric.
Egelwine, see uEgehviuc.Egel.-, see also JEgc\.-
Eilno^.Eilwinc [=iElfwine?] (Laiigp).Elewino (Tlutf., York).Elfred, see iElfred.
El/sine.
Elfstan or ^Ifstan (Lond., Wilt., Win-cIlGSt ^
Elf.-, see al'do ^Elf.-
Elrajd or Elred, see .^Iroed.
Elric [= .EUVic] (Hortf.).
Eltau[=ElfHtan](York).Elwiiic[= Elf\viiic?](Oxf., Winclicst.).
Endri'' or Enric {Derby).
Eola (York).
Eorfl=Coiir?^(Ii'(id.).Erfric [=iElfric?J (Exet).Ermwi (Hi *•</.).
Erncilor Eriicytel[cf.Arnoytcl](York).
Erngrim [cf. Arngrim] (York).
Estaii, sie iE.-jtan.
Esther (Lond.).
Exluuer, 8" ^E.^^tmjor.
E-,tiuund (Loud., Thctf.).
Etsige [= Ed8igu] (Dover, Lond.).
Etstau [= Edstan] (Gaiubr.).
Elurcol.
Ewiewii, &c. (Ilert., Lond.).
E«cl.-, scr JE^cl-Earchir (S^iudw.).
Eargiim or Fiurgrini (Cheat., Stauif.).
Fodicinc (tStduif.).
Foloerd (Tlietf.).
Folewiue (Sudb.).
Forinan (Nott.).
FriidnHud ( Wiiirh'iit.).
Fri^eic'uu; (Sttiin/.).
Froma or Frome (Derby).
Fron [ef. Fromn] (Derby).Garliu (Liue).G(UUH-i.
Garulf (Windiest., Wore.).
Geldewiue, GiMewinc, (Tiiltkwine, or
Gyldewine (Cant., Leic.).
Geola (York).
Gifc or Girt' (Line.).
Gilpin (Oxf.).
(ilifwiue (Loud.).
Godcild (Ihd/., Watch.).Goilcleof (Thetf.).
(Jodel/uld.
Godeuian or Godman (Heit., Lond.,South w., Wurch., W inchest.).
Godire (Loud.).
Goderic, see Godrie.
Godesbraud (Shaft.).
Godesune, (Jodsunu, Gotsuuu, «Sl"c.
(Cambr., Cant.. Loud.).
Godi (Lond.).
Godiamb (Cambr.).Goiirie, Godeiio, i<;e. (Bath, Bedf.,
Chest., Dtrl'ij, (Jiouc., Hunt.,Ilch., Leie., Lewes, Line., Loud.,
Lijmne, Maid., Ox/., Salisb.,
Shaft., Southw., Stam/., Thetf.,
Winchest.).Giidwi, Godwic, or Godwig (Lond.).
Godwiu, Godwine, or Godwine (Bedf.,
Brist., C.imbr., Chich., C^dch.,
Dorch., Dover, Glouc., liert..
Hunt., Lewes, Lond., Maid.,
Norw., Ox/., Koch., S(dish.,
Shrews., Stamf., Steyn., Thetf.,
Winchest., Wore., York).
Godiiinc and C'ncn (Winch' iit.).
Godwine and Widia ^Winchest.).
Gohi.
Goldan (Lond.).
Goldman (Coleh.).
GoMsie, G(dd8ige,or Goltsigc (Lond.).
Goldwine or Goldewino (Hert, llythe.
Loud., Winehel., IVinclust.).
(toltsine (Lond.).
('otsuun. see Godsunu.G»trn-(TI,-tj.).
GoSrie, see (Jodric.
Grimolf, Grimulf, Grinule, &c. (Yorii).
Guldewiuc, see Geldcwiuc.Guolfwine (Glouc).Gu^tnt.GuSred (Ilvthe).
(^welic [= Godelif?J (Tiutf.).
(iyhlewine, see (teldewiiie.
Iliurgod or Haregod (Oxf.).
Ilierred <.r Il.rred (Wilt.).
IIaldene(\(.tt.).
Ilarciii [ = MarfinV] (Slamf.).
ir.,i?^uln>r llcJiwulf (Wiueliest.).
Illanguif (Norw.).
Horn (Hoeli.).
llunewiiie (Exet.).
Ihiyearl, &p. (Cheat.).
•a:v2 KN'fJLAM).
Ilwiitiiimii( IJri.-il., Dorcli.).
LuH'tii (ir IrnriiY (l.nnd.).
llliir (: |,ilin..V|( U'iitrlfxl).
r.xTtcl, locitrl, lukct.l, \c. (V(.rk).
lulii, l„ll„, or loll! (V(.rlv).
Iiiliiiiii or loiKiiiii (York).Iora.
lonl.
Iii;:;l'lot f =:Iiif,'otol or IoceUl]CYork).Illlfcr.^ ((iloiir.).
Iiiivkl [ = liu-(tcl?](York).
liudiimir or Lddmn- (Liii<:, AViiiclnst.).
Li/C.trl.
Lufi'DoiS, «(« Loofno^.Lcf.-, sr.i- also Leof.-
L.o/<Lrcj.
licufnian, Ivofnmn, &c. (Lewes).Lcofu {Chrd., Glouc).Lcofu'1*, Liofno(S, &c. (Chest., Chich.,
Glouc, Horef., Lond., Y'ork).
Loofred, Lifred, I.iufrcd, Sec. (Crickl.,
Loiul., Soiithw., ThetK.).
Leofrie, Liofric, Lofric, &c. (Hunt.,Leic, Loud., Norw., Romn.,Siiuthauip., Stuinf., Thetf., AVarw.,Worr.).
Lcofsio [ = Loof8igc] (Lond., Nott).Jjiofnig,' or Lifng (Xott).Leofstan, Lofbtan, Liofstan, &c. (Cant.,
(tIouc, Ipsw., Lond., Richb.,Salish., Shrews., Winchest.,^Vorc.).
Lcofward, Leofword, or Liofweard(Colch., Lewes).
Liofwi or Lefwi [ = Lfofwig or Leof-wint] (Chest., Lewes, Lond.,None).
Leofwie, Lcofwig, Lofwig, ic. (^Chest.,
Loud., Norw., Wareh.).Leofwinc (Exet.).
Leofwine, Lifwine, Liofwine, &c.(Aijhsh., Buel:, Cant., Chest.,Derby, Dnnr, Exet., (tIouc., Hast.,Hunt., Hytlie, Ilch., Leic., Line.,
Lond., Norw., Oxf., Roch., Sandw.,Shrews., Southiimp., Southw.,Stanif., Thetf., AVilt., Wiuchest.).
Leofwold or Liofwold (Ipsw., Lewes,Line., Winchest.).
Leofword, f>if Lcofward.Leof«egen (Bedf.).
Li/rrc.
Lilic [= Lifinc] (Ipsw., York).Lifine, Lifing, Liofinc, Luffinc. Ac.
(Exet.. Tp»ir., JAiw., Loud., Wane,AVilt., AVinchest.).
IJfred, we Leofred.Lifwine and Horn (Eoch.).I.iof.-. fin Lcof.-
Lic (\Vatch., ^Vinche3t.).
Luciuc [=Lcuing] (^Va^w.).
Lufff [zrLumnc?] (Wanr.).Lufrli; mi: Leofrie.
Ijiifntiin. tfrtt Lfofstan.
LufwiiM!, mr Lcofwini'.
Man, Mima, Manna, Manne, &c. (Cant.,
l/iUi:,Nonr., Tint/., Yorl;).
3/(j/w [= Manna V] (None).iVIanwine (Dover).
Marccre or ^lorcere (St. Edmunds).Marein [ = Harcin'-'] (Stanif.).
Mi,rn'.
Umund, nee Osmund.Orlaf(Lon(l.).
Osfer<5, Ox/nj^, &c. (Line.).
Osmajr (IJatli).
Osmund, Oiuund, or Oniynd (Lewes,Lond., \nrw., Southw.).
Oaward (Ilch., Stamf.).
Oswold (Lewes).Otiniw.Oian, 0<5en, OtSin, or OSinnc (Y'ork).
0<5beorn, 0<5bern, OtSborn, or OuSbearn(Line., Y'ork).
0<5grim or Ou^grim (Line., Y'ork).
OSin, see O'^fin.
0«olf, Ou«olf, or OuSulf (York).
0(5slac (Line.).
Price (Norw.).
Ra3dulf(IIert.).
Ea3fen, Ricfin, Eafen, &c. (Y'ork).
liiaannn.
BincuJf, Rinulf, &c. (Norw.).Iludcarl (Cant.).
Sajcol or Sascolf (Cambr., Cant.).
Sajfuccf irzzSxfugeWl (York).
Sxfugel (York).Sajfuhel, Sefuel, kc. [= SxfugeV]
(York).
Soemasr (Hert.).
Sa3wino or Siewine (Exet., Hunt.,if-j'r., Southarap., Wilt).
Sbeiman? [= Swetnian?] (liond.).
Scula, Scule, kc. (Y'ork).
Selcwine (Glouc.).
Sidemau (^Vareh.).
Siewine, eee Sa)wine.
Sigebode (Salisb.).
Sigod (Bedf.).
Silac (Glouc).Sired (Cant., Lond., Newp.).Sna3born, Sneaborn, Sueaburn, Sne-
borii, Snebearn, «.tc (Y'ork).
Sncxciiw [= Siewine?] (Brii<t.).
Snoter (Nott.).
Spot, see Swot.Spnxcelino, Spraceling, Spragelinc,
Spreacaling, &c. (Lond., ^Viu-chest.).
Sprot. see Swot.Stannia>r (Colch.).
Stircol, Styrcol, &c (Y'ork).
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 333
Sumerleda, Sumerluda, &c. {Line,Thetf.).
Sicafa (Line).Swarcolf [ = Swartcol ?] (Stamf.).
Swartcol, Sweartcol, Swertcol, &c.
(Chest., York).Swartinc or Swertinc (Cant., Derby,
Line.').
Swatic (Derby).Sweart or Sictrl [ = Swertinc ?]
(Stam/.).
Sweartin f^ (W inchest.).
Swegn ( York).
Swertinc, see Sicartinc.
Swetman (Loml., Oxf., Simtham}!.,
Southw.).Swetric (Muld., Richb., AVilt.).
Sweian.Swileman (Winclie»t.).
Swot or Sicota (Bedf.).
Swotric (Bill/.).
Tidred (Hert., Thttf.).
Tolsi.
Udfe? (Line.).
Uhitred [ = Wiitrcd] (Lond.).
Ulf, I7Z/t, orUlff(Liuc.).Ulfcetel, Ulfcytol, &c. (BL-df., llimt.,
York).
Ulfcil [ = Ulfectel] (York).
Unolf (York).
Urlowino (Bath).
Utti [of. Auti] (Line).
Wadel (Bath).
Walrafan (Line).Wiboarn (Cambr.).Wicing (Exet., Wore).Widia or Widica (Winchest.).
Widred.WigmasT.Wilffiprip or Wilgrip (llcrt.).
Wilcrif (Stiimf.).
Wileric [ = Wulfric ?] (Stamf.).
Wilfrid? (Ilert.).
WiJgrid [= Wilfrid?] (Stamf.).
Wiltrand [ = Wilfrid?] (Ilcrt).
Windicild.
Wiiuman (SalinJ).).
Winstan (Dover).
Wiutcrfngel, Wiuterfuhel, iV:c. (York).
Wintred (Tlietf.).
Winu8(Wilt.).Wirc^iia (Lond.).
Wirinc [.t(( uIho Diriiie] (Lowes).
Wiryn (Clu'.st.).
Wudi:nian (Slirewn.).
Wulbeurii, iVc. (Line.).
Wulcred [= Wiilfred?] (Lond.).
Wuldar [ = Widfgai?].Wuldrie [ = WtdfrioVJ (« hidi.).
Wulenuo!^, m, M'ulfuo^.
Wulf [set also Ulf] (Line.).
TFM//fc«[= Ulfcetel].
Wulfgar or Wulgar (Dereh., Line,Lond.).
Wulfgut or Wulget (Cant., Glouc.,
Shrews., Steyn.).
Wulfrnxr, see Wulma}r.WulfnoS, WulnoS, &c. (Cliest., Lcic,
Nutt., Southaiup., Stuiuf.).
Wiilfrard.
Wulfrcd or Wulred (Aylesb., Cant.,
Lond.).
Wulfric (Chich., Hast., llrh., I^eic.,
Line, Lond., Roih., Shaft., Steyn.,
Warth.).
Wulfsigo, Wulsig, Wulsige, &c. (Ipsic,
Lond., Xorw.).
Wulfstun or Wulstan (Cant., Dorch.,Lond.).
Widfulf (Line).Wulfward, Wulfwerd, tSce. (Dover,
Glouc, Lond.).
Wulfwi [= Wulfwine?] (Bedf., Camhr.,Dovi-r, Hunt., Wore).
Wnlfwig or Wuiwig (Glouc, Hunt.).Wulfwiue or Wulwinc (Jirixt., Camtfr.,
Cant., Colch., Exet., Henf., Hunt.,Lewes, Lond., Oxf., Stamf.,Wallingf., War'h.).
Wulgar, sir Wulfgar.Wuliied(Romn.).Wulmser or Wulmnr (Exet., Ronui
,
Shrews.).
Wulna?) or Wulnot^, s-i Wiilfnot^.
Wulfii or Wulsie [ = Wulfsige] (Ipsw.,Land.).
Wulstan, see Wulfstan.Wulwi, X'V Wulfwi.W'uhvig. .vvr Wulfwig.Wul.-, ^., al.-;., Wulf.-Wurfurd (Thetf).Wurreb [ = purreb] (I^nd.).Wyd'coc (S/inft.).
Wynstan (Wiuchest.).peodrie (Warw.).Peo?irt<l, )?reodrod,&c (Ihxs^. , Hyll,,).
por or porr (Loud., York).Porcil, porctel, or pureil (Lmd.,
Wilt.),
porfir* or porford (Lmd., Norw.).]?orstan or ]?urt*(an (Norw., Stumf.,
Warw.).]?urr,tl (Land.).
)?urfurS or purucrS (Norw.).purgrini or ]?iirnfirim (Line, Lond.,
Norw., York)."
purrim or pt/rr«/i [ = purgrini] (York).j?iirbt.in, sie Porstan.)?iinur<S, sie ).iurfurf^.
\:'urulf (Stumf.).
;!;: i IINCI.ANI).
DKacmniriN ok Tvn:8.
Obverm. Keverne.
Type i.
lliiHt I , with nviliiitf' cmwii. Around,inspriptiifn divitbd l>y bust : outer
ciri'lt
Small cross patttfn. AmuikI, iiiMorip-
tion between two eircles.
[Cf. n. XXVI. 10.]
Same.
Ty)ye i. var. a.
I
Similar: annulet in field.
[Cf. PI. XXIV. 5.]
Type i. var. h.
Similar: huet I, iliadcmed ; in front, I Same as Type i.
sccpire.I
[Hild., ri. 12, Type A. var. a.]
Type ii.
Bust 1., diademed. Around, inscrip- I Short cross voided ; jicllet in centretion divideil bj' burit: outer circle. | Around, inscription : outer circle.
[Cf. n. XXII. 8]
Same.
Type ii. var. a.
I
Similar : annulet in one angle of cross.
[Cf. n. XXIV. G.]
Type ii. var. b.
Similar: in front of bust, sceptre.| Same as Type ii.
[See No. 1113, p. 420.]
Type iii.
Bust 1., diademed; in front, sceptre[Over short cross voided quadrilateral
(iMimme'e). Around, inscription|
ornament with three pellets at eachdivided by bust : outer circle au<rle and one in centre. Around,
inscription between two circles.
[Cf. ri. XXII. 7.]
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 335
Obverse. Kcvtrsc.
Similar : bust r.
Tj/pe iii. var. a.
I
Same.
[Cf. ri. XXVI. 13.]
Type iii. var. b.
Similar: bust 1., with radiate crown; I Same,no Bccjitrc.
|
[Cf. ri. XXIV 7.]
Type iii. var. c.
Dust l, diademei}, (fc, as Type iii. ; but|Similar : one pellet only at eaeh angle
sceptre terminating in flcur-ihf-lis.| of qxtadrihiteral ornament.
[IliUl.. n. 13, Type C. r«r. d.'\
Bust 1., diademed : iu front, sceptre.
Around, inscription divided bybust: outer circle.
Type iv.
Lonp cross voided, each limb termi-nating^ in crescent ; in centre, circle
enclosing pellet, and in anglesP 7\ C X. Around, inscription:
outer circle.
[cr. n. XXVI. h]
Same.
Type iv. var. a.
Similar; sliort cross voide<l, willi mcrescents at ends of limbii.
[Cf. n. XXVII. 14.]
Same.
Type iv. var. b.
Similar : pdUt at end «/ each limh nfshort cross voided, and inscrijition
bitwcen ttco circles.
[Uil.l, ri 13, Tiip. 1>. var h]
•SM KNGLAND.
ObrarM. Ravenc.
Type V.
Hunt 1. iliiuli iii'd ; ill front, wrjilri'
(|Kiiiinu'V). Ari'iiiiii, iiiHcriiition
d ividiJ \<y buBl : ouUr circh-.
Sliort crcHH vr>i(lc<l, the liriilm fn-adii-
iilly (^xpnndin^ iinil niiittil at Iiuho
liy t\vi» circlcB. Aniiuni, iiiacription
hctwtcn two circlcH.
[Cf. PI. XXII. 4.]
Siiintv
Type V. vnr. a.
I Similar: nnnulot in one angle of
I
cTosa.
[Cf. ri. XXIV. H.]
Type V. tvir. b.
I
Similar: cross patte'e iu cacli angle of
Icross.
[Sec No. 1179, p. 427.]
Tyj)e vi.
I5unt 1 , (liaiUnu'il ; in front, scoptn;.
Around, inHcriptiun divided by bust
:
outer circle.
Short croBs voided, earh limb termi-nating in three crcijoeuts; in ecnlre,
annulet. Around, inscription be-
tween two circles.
[Cf. n. XXX. 14.]
liubt r., Warded, wearin
helmet and holding in r. handticeptre, which t«rininatta in cross,*
tUur-dc-lisor three pcIKts (pommee).Around, inscription divided by bust:
outer circle. I
[Cf. n. XXII. 1.]
Type vii.
pointed Short cross voided, each limb termi-nating in three crescents; in centre,annulet, frequently enclosing pellet.
Around, inscription between twocircles.
Same.
Similar; bu.-t 1.
Type vii. var. a.
ISimilar : annulet iu one anslc of cross.
[Cf. ri. XXIV. ;».]
Type vii. var. b.
ISame as Type vii.
[Cf. ri. XXII. 2]
Type
Uubt r., lioarded; wearing i>ointcd\
helmet, and holding in r. hand;
s<"eptre. Around, inscription di-j
vidcd by bust : outer circle.|
[Cf. n. XXVIII. 6]
Short cross voided; annulet in centiv;in each angle a martlet. Around,inscription b( twecn two circles.
• In (lc#cril>ing the coins of this type, unless otherwise 8t«t<d, the eccptrc terminates in a crossihaX l<cing Uic more common form.
'
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 337
Obverse. Reverse.
Type ix.
King seated towards r., on throne,
generally bearded, wearing crownsuriaountcd l)y threes balls ; he liolds
in r. hand long sccijtre, and in 1.
orb Burmounted by crosH. Around,inscription ; outer circle.
[Cf. ri. XXIII. 2]
Short cross voided; annulet or pellet
frequently in centre ; in each anglea martlet. Around, inBcrii>tion be-
tween two circles.
Same.
Type ix. v(tr. a.
I
Similar : annulet in two angles of cross.
[Cf. PI. XXIV. 10.]
Type X.
King seated towards r., on throne,
generally boiirded, wearing crownsurmounted by three balls ; he holdsin r. hand long scejjtre, and in 1.
orb Burniounted by eros.s. Around,inscription: outer circle.
[Cf. ri. XXVI. 8.]
Short cross voided, each limb termi-nating in an incurved segment of acircle; in centre, pellet. Around,inscription : outer circle.
Type xi.
Bust r., bearded ; wearing crown of
two arches, surmounted by thrt-e
balls ; in front, sceptre. Around,inscription divided by bust : outer
circle.
Short cross voided, each limb termi-nating in an incurved segment of acircle ; in centre, pellet. Around,inscription : outer circle.
[Cf. ri. XXII. 3.]
Same.
Type xi. var. a.
I
Similar; annuh-t in one angle uf
Icross.
[Cf. PI. XXIV. 11.]
Same.
Type xi. car. h.
Similar to Ty|H; xi. ; but no ineuivedsegments of circle at ends of limbsof cross.
[Cf. PI. XXV. C]
Type xii
Bust r., bciirded ; wearing crown of
two arches, surmounted by tiiree
balls; in front, sceptre. Around,|
inscription divided by bust ; outer i
circle.
[«l. I'l. XX\ I. 'i.]
VOL. II.
Small cross patte'e.
tion between twoAround, inscrip-
•ircles.
338 KNIJLANI).
Obvma. Revcne.
Typr. xiii.
IliiMi fiK'ini,'. iM-nnl-vl ; winrin^,' nrclir<l Srniill croHH imttco. Around, inecrip-
rmwii, tr.M|nintly hiirininintcil liy tioii between two circlea.
rroHM. Artiiiinl, inncripticin iM-twein
twii rircliH, iiHinlly (livitK'l aljovo
l«y bciul.
[Cf. VI XXII. It.]
Type xiii. I'ur. «.
blatuu.I
Similar : aiiuulct in fuld.
[Cf. ri. XXIV. 12.]
Type xiii. V(tr. h.
Siun .
I
Similar to Type xiii. : pellet at end of
I
each limb of cross.
[Cf. PI. XXV. 7.]
Type xiv.
Biist fiicinp:, boarded ; wearing arched , Short cross voided ; annulet or pel-
cMwn and buldiiip ecoptrc directed|
let frequently in centre; in eachliver r. sliouldrr in r. hand and orb i
angle j)yraiiiid sj)rinfring' from inner
in 1. ; fmni each side of the crown ' circle and terminating in pellet,
depends ft fillet terminating in three Around, inscription between twol>elh'ts. Aro\ind, iui-cription divided circles.
by bu(<t : outer circle.
[Cf. ri. XXIII. 8]
Type XV.
Bust r., wenring arched crown, from Short cross voided; annulet or pel-
wiiich dei)onds a iillet, terminating ; let frequently in centre; in eachin tliree pellets; in front, sceptre. nngle pyramid springing from innerAn'und, inscription divided by bust: circle and terminating in pellet,
outer circle. Aruiind, inscription between twocircles.
[Cf. n. XXII. 10]
Ty}}€ XV. ntr. a.
Same. I Similar : annulet instead of pyramid
Iin one angle of cross.
[Cf. ri. XXIV. 13]
Type XV. rnr. b.
Similar; bust 1.|Same as Type sv.
[Cf. ri. XXVII. 7.]
Tyite XV. tar. c.
^imUar. bust r.; no sceptre. I SimiliU": at end of e;ich limb of cro!^8,
Isegment of circle curved outwards.
[Cf r\ XXIX 10]
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 339
Obverse. Reverse.
Tyjye xvi.
arclied crown, from|Short cross voided ; each limb tcrmi-Biist r. ; wearin
which depends a fillet, terminatinin three jjellets; in front, sceptre.
Around, inscription divided by bust
:
outer circle.
nating in three crescents; annuletenclosinp: pellet in centre ; in each
anfrle, jiyraniiil springing from centre
and terniinating in pellet. Around,inscription between two circles.
[Cf. PI. XXYIII. 7.]
Type xvii
Bust r. ; wearing arched crown, fromwhich dejieiids a fillet, terminatingin lluT'c pellets; in front, sceptre.
Around, inscription divided by bust:
outer circle.
Across field and between two dottedlines P 7X X. Around, inscription
between two circles.
[Cf PI. XXIV. 14.]
Description' of Coins.
No.
840 EN(JLANl).
No.
10
11
12
L3
14
15
IG
Obreno.
^<EDPE RD REX
»^EDPAR- D REX
RE
REX
RcverM.
Type V.
4</EIELM/ER ON BAO
:
Wt. 2U 2.
„ BADVnr. T>inibH of ctohh
united by onecircle only.
Wt. 17-2.
Type vii.
^GODRIE ©N BADAN :
Wt. 210.
"i-CODRlEC ONNB7\€»?iNN :
Wt. 20-8.
•i<05M/ER ONBTXOT^NN :
Wt. 20-2.
Wt. 207.
Type vii. var. h.
4-EAD PERD REXVar. Sceptre, pum-mee.
^CODRIEE ONNBA07\NN :
Wt 20-4.
[PI. XXII. 2.]
Ty^ye ix.
HhESDVVEARDVS REX I »I-GODRIE ON BA€)ANAI^LO
IWt. 20-7.
Type xi.
^EADPAR RD RE i'LODRlE ON BADEN:AVt. 20-8.
Monpycr.
jEgelmecr.
Godric.
Osm.Tr.
•i'EADPAR „ „
.•i-.EADPAR,, „
+ „ .. ..
»i<0a3M/ER ON BTkDENWt. 2(1 5.
[n. XXII. 3.]
I „ ON BSDENWt. 20-2.
•tOcoM/ER: ON BAGENWt. 20-7.
Godric.
Godric.
Godric.
Osmirr.
•bEADPARD RD RE •I'VRLLEPINE ONj
BAOENI Wt. 20 0.
Urlewinc ?
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 341
17
18
19
20
2]
22
23
24
25
Obverse.
Type xiii.
"l^EADPARD REX A-
4<EADRARD REX A
^OSM/ER ON BT^OEwt. is-0.
•i^OcoM/ER ONWt. 17 2.
^EDPAD RE
BEDEFORD.[IJcdford.]
Type ii.
I
^VL-EHTEL ©NBWt. ]3o.
Type V.
I^EDPE : -RD REX 4^/ELMON ONBEDEFO.
Wt. 24-5.
„ REX- •1<SP0T ON BEDEFORWt. 25-7.
[PI. XXII. 1.]
Type vii.
•I^EDPER- D REX I^PVLFPI ONBEDEFOR
Wt. 20 0.
Type ix.
EADPARD REX AM6L- I i^LODRIE 01/IH BEDEWt. 220.
Type xi.
^EADPAR RD RE "fGODPINE ON
[PI. XXII. 5.]
BEDEFOWt. 20*;.
1 -^colLOD ON BEDEFORViir. Scoptro tor- Wt. l.S-5.
ininatinginflcur-'
Moneyer.
Osmfcr.
Ulfcetel ?
^Imon.
Ppot or
Swot.
Wulfwi( =Wulfwinc ?).
Godric.
GoJwiuc.
Sigod.
:jiii ENULANJ).
No.
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 343
Reverse. Moneyer.
84
Tijpe V.
»i«EDPE: -RD REX.- ^/ELFPT^RD ON
^EDP RD REX
BRICST-Wt. 20 4.
4</EeESTAN ON BRIWt. 17fi.
3(J
37
38
30
40
41
42
43
Type xi.
Hc«EADPAR- RD RE «i-/ELFRIC ONBRVCcoTO
AVt. 20-5.
I-EADPAR „ „
^EADPAR „ „
•}</ELFPINE- ON BRE:Wt. 2U-2.
"^ELFPINE ONBRVCSTOAVt. 2U(J.
•tDODPINE ON BREEC-Wt. 20n.
Tf/^w xiii.
I-EADPARD REX A I I^SODPINE ON BRVCEI
Wt. i(;-7.
[I'l. XXII. Lt.]
iElfwanl.
iEScbtan.
JClfri"
yElfwine or
Elfwiuo.
Godwine.
(Joilwiuc.
•EIIDDIIRI RECHh- „ BRVCWt. 17-2.
Type XV.
•i^EADPARD REX i »flELFFINE ON BREE :
Wt. 19-7.
[ri. XXir. 10.]
41
^EADPARD RE ^EEORL ON BRVEE:Wt. 20-4.
^-T'^lfwinc.
Ccorl.
C/ENTFARABYRIG, Krc.
[Cant<'rbury.]
^EDPH-.- D RETiipc ii.
I
^BRVHAN Ol-CENI
Wt. KJO.
[I'l. X.Xll. 11.]
rrmnan.
:\u KNGLANIi
No,
EDWARD THE CONFESSOK. iur.
No.
CI
C2
G3
Gi
G5
GG
G7
G8
GO
70
Obverse.
72
7:^
Type V.
^EDPER- D REEX
.J^EDPE: -RD REX
•i-EDPNR-.- RD RE
}</ELFRED ONCENTPAWt. 2S-4.
J^EDPERD ONEETPEREEO
Wt. 19-7.
•tLlFPINE ON C/ENT-.NVt. IG 0.
[PI. XXII. 13.]
^EDPE; RD REX-.'
't'EDPER D R-REE
4<EPDE-.- D PEXVar. 8ccptro tcr
minatiiigiulleur
de-lis.
^EDPE RD RE
i-EDPER- D REXV(ir Sooptre ier-
minutiiigiufleur-
d.-lis.
4--EDPE RD RE
»i«EDPER- D RE^
„ REXV(ir. Sccptro tcr-
niinatinginflcur-
(Ic-lis.
i-EDPN RD REXV(ir. Sc-eiitic tcr-
ininiitiug infieur-
(Ic-IiM.
fEDPE- RD RE
^MANNA ON CANTPAWt. 25-7.
tPVLFRED ONEETPERE:
Wt. 19 7.
Type vii.
^EADPARD ON CENT-.Wt. 200.
4<EHDPARD ON C/ENTWt. 20 G.
^EDPERD ©N CENT:Wt. 21-5.
J-EL-R/ED ONC/ENTC/E:
Wt. 21-5.
HrELRED: 0:NCENTPA-.-
Wt. 190.
^SXLDEPINE ONCENT
Wt. 20-5.
Monej'cr.
.Alfred.
Edwcrd.
Lifwine(Leofwlnc).
Manna.
Wulfrcd.
Eadward.
Elr.Td.
•i<L-E0F5TANONC/ENT:
Wt. 15-4.
^MANNA ON CANTPWt. 210.
Gyldcwiuo.
Loofatan.
Manua.
:]!(] ENOLANI).
No.
80
SI
S'2
8:5
84
85
ObTMM.
XEDPER D RE
Rcvcnic. Moncycr.
4<PVL5TAN ON CENT.-. Wul.stan.
Wt. I'JO.'
Tiji»' ix.
EADPARD RDX ANS 4-/ELRED OHH FEMT I JElred or
Wt. Tli. Klrod.
READPRD RX AUG© ' ^ELRED ONN
., ANG-0-
EADPEARD REXANSLO-
EADPARD REX AH6L
EADPLRD RAX ANCORV
FENTNPWt. l'J-8.
Wt. 20-7.
^-EL-RED ONN FENTNWt. 19-0,
"t'EADPEARD OLEUEWt. 21-9. t
Eadweard.
»tCELDEPIN£ ON OcldewineorE/ENTN
,Guldewine.
W^t. 21-2.
•I«6VDEPINE ONCENTPNRWt. 190.
EADPRD RX ANCOR- | >MV1AHHA OH EHET. i Manna.Wt. 20-3.
Type xi.
87
SS
•J-EADPA RD RE
+EADPAR RD RE
4<EADPAR- RD RE
"I-EADPAR RD RE
•bEAEDPA RD RE
^h/EL-EREARD ON iElfweard?EVETN
I
Wt. 16-5.
"^/ELR/ED: ON ^Iraid.C/ENTN
,
Wt. 19-5.I
•i«/ELR/ED-.- ONC/ENTPAWt. 19-2.
I
•l-EADPARD ON Eadward.C/ENT-:Wt. 21-9.
»i«ELFRIC: ON C/ENTN Elfric.
Wt. is-s. :
^LVLDEPINE ON (Juldewiuc.C/ENT:
I
Wt. 20-2.I
EDWARD THE CONFESSOK. 347
No.
IMS i;N(iI,ANI>.
No.
EDWAIJD THE CONFESSOR. 349
No.
•X)L) KN(JLANI).
I'M
I'M
132
13;{
13-1
i:{5
13G
LAurAlUJ I»La a
Ucvomc.
137
138
139
140
141
142
EADPARD REX
^PVLFRIC ON CIC\Vl. 17 0.
[I'l. NXIII. l.J
\\t. IKO
Tijfie XV.
4</ELFPINE ON CIEEcoAVt. 2(J4.
„ CICEcoTWt. '2 10.
^lELFPINE ON EIEESWt. 20-9.
4-PVLDRIC 0N CICWt. 11-5.
^PVLFRIC ON CICESTWt. 21-2.
COLECEASTRE.[Colchester.]
Tyjt iii.
I'EDPE-.- RD REX i'l'BRVNHYSE ON C0L-7\(Twice pierced.)
Moncycr.
Wulfrie!
^'EDPER RD RE
•I-EDPE: RD REX
4-EDPER- D REX.
•i<EDPEA- D REX-
•i«ELEPINE ON COLIWt. 15-7.
•J-LEOFPARD ON COLEWt. 16-5.
•t-PVLFPlNE ON EOL-AEWt. 17-2.
Tii}H vii.
4^BRIHTRIC ONEOLECE:
Wt. 15-2.
4«EDPER D RD R- ^BRVNNEcoE ONViir. Svi ptre terini- EOLECimting in llcur-
jWt. 210.
.K-lis.
yElfwine.
WuMric( = Wulfiic?).
Wulfric.
Brnnhyse.
Elfwinc.
Leofward.
Wulfwine.
Brilitric.
Brminesc(cf. Brun-
livse).
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 351
No.
143
H4
H5
14G
H7
148
14!)
150
151
152
Obverse.
'i'EDPER D REX
•i-EDPER D REX
^EDPER D REX
-I^EDPE: D REX
Reverse.
't'DEORMAN ONCOLECEWt. 20-0.
i^LEOFPORD ONCOLEEEWt. lG-7.
•^STANM/ER ON EOL-Wt. 21)0.
•}"PVLFPINE ONEOLECTWt. 19-8.
Time ix.'yp
EADPARD EX ANSOL 4^PVLFPINE ONCOLEEET:
Wt. 20-7.
Type xi.
>J-EADPARD RD RE "i^LODPINE ONEOLEEE:
Wt. 21-3.
^EADPAR RD RE ' -i-LOLDMAN ONEOLEEEWt. 2 10.
I-EADPARD REXTyp,- XV.
•I^PVLFPINE ONEOLEEEWt. Vd-^).
\V\. XXIII. 5.]
CRECGELADE, CROCGELADE, Etc.
[Cricklaac.]
Type V.
^EDPE-.- -RD REX h/EILPINF ONERECELS
Wt. 2G-5.
[PI. XXIII. G.]
Typi'. vii.
l-EDPER D REX-|•J'/EIELPINE ON EREE
' Wt. I'JG.
Moneyer.
Deorman.
Loofword.
Stanmair.
Wulfwinc.
Wulfwine.
Godwine.
Goldman.
Wulfwinc.
vEihvinc
(..Egtlwinc).
..E'Tclwiue.
;{r/2 ENGLAND.
No.
153
15
1
If).'!
15G
151
15S
15'J
100
IGl
Oltvrrno.
+EDPAR- D REX
Rcverno.
•frLEOFRED ON CROC:Wt. 207.
[PI. XXIII. 7]
EADPARD REX AN6L- Hh/EGELPI : ONEREEIIELAD-
Wt. iy-6.
EDPARD REX ASORVM ' I-LEOFRED ONCREECAWt. 2 18.
Type xi.
+EADPAR RD RE I'LIOFRED ONCRECELWt. 20-t3.
EADPARD REXType xiv.
tLEOFRED ONERECLAWt. 200.
[PI. XXIII. 8.]
Type XV.
EADPARD REX| ^LEOFRED ON
ERECLAWt. l'J-8.
DEORABY.[Dell. v.]
Type ii.
I
t'FROU ON DEORI Wt. lG-9.
HhEDPE RD R
Tyite iii.
•tEDPER D REX-.- I ^"SPATIC ON DERBII:I Wt. 18-0,
[ri. XXIII. ;).]
V'//y<t' V.
•tEDPE: -RD REX.,^FROME ON DEORBE I Fro.uc
Wt. 2t-7. 1
Mcmeycr.
Leofred.
iEgcIwi[nc].
Loofrttl
Liofrod(Leofred).
Leofred.
Leofred.
Fruii
(Froiuu).
Swatic
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 353
No. Obverse.
162
1G3
1G4
16?
166
167
•i^EDPE RD REX ^LEDFPINE ON DEOR:Wt. 22-2.
Mouoyer.
•i'-EDPE: -RD REX
•i-EDPE RD RE
^EDPE RD R
\
i^^SPERTINEON DE0RBI Wt. 277.
[ri. XXIII. 10.]
Type vii.
"i'FROME ON DOREBI(Broken.)
i«SPRTINC ON D0RBWt. 2 10.
168
169
170
171
172
Type xi.
•tEADPAR RD RE I i'FROMA ON DOR-Wt. 22-0.
[PL XXIII. 11.]
Type xiii.
•EADPARD REX-|.^EOLBIN ON DREB
Wt. 17-9.
DOFERAN OR DOFEREN.[Dover.]
Type i.
^EDPER- DREX:- , "i^.BOLA ONNDOFRAN:I
Wt. 18-5.
Leofwiue.
Swertinc,
Frome.
Swertinc.
Froma.
Colbin.
fEDPA RD R.
tEDR RD RE
Type ii.
I
^CINSTAN ONDOFI
Wt. 18-2.
[PI. XXIII. 12.]
1-PIN3-.-TAN ON DOFRWt. 120.
Type iii.
i«EDPA RD REX: I •tElNSTAN ON DOIRII
Wt. 17 3.
[PI. XXIII. 13.]
HhEDPNR D RE 'I'ETSILE ON DOFRR-.-Wt. lUG.
Bo»a.
Cinstan.
Winstan.
Cinatau.
Etsif^c
(Eadsige).2 A
ojl ENGLAND.
No.
173
171
175
17G
177
178
179
180
ISl
182
183
184
185
Obvrrno.
^'EDDA RD REX
4«EDP: RD REX :
Reverse.
Type V.
^EINSTAN ON DOF:^Vt. 2G-8.
i^CNwTAN ON DOFERAVt. 170.
Type vii.
4«EDPR- D REX A,^EILPI :• ON DOFCREN
[
(Urokou.)
*EDPER D REX
»i-EDPER- D PEXV<tr. Sfcptrc tormi-
imting in flonr-
(le-lin.
D REXVur. Sceptre tcrmi-
iiatiiig in fleur-
de-lis.
., RE-
.i«EDPER D REX
•i'EDPR- D REX
•tEDPE-.- D REX
Moneycr.
Cinetan.
^^CNcoTA-fi ON DOFER^\'t. 19-4.
't'ENSTAN ©N DOFERWt. 17-4.
Wt. 18-6.
•^CNcoTAN ONDOFERE-Wt. 19-2.
„ DOFERER^^'t. 200.
•1-DODPINE ON DOFER:"\Vt. VJl.
Cilwi
(= Ccolwi).
Cinstan.
„ DOFEREAVt. 19-6.
Godwine.
Tijjit i.\.
EADPADD RX AH6- ^EILPI : ON DOFERENN^\^t. 19-8.
EADPERD RAX ANDORV >I<EN/-jTAN : ©N DOFEREI
AVt. 20-5.
EADPEARD REX AN6LO •t'SODPINE ON DOFERI
Wt. 21 0.
Type xi.
IM-,: ^EADPAR- RD RE •J'EILPI :• ON DOFERE
Wt. 20-4.
Cilwi(=Ceolwi).
Cinstan.
Godwino.
Cihvi
( = Ctc.l\vi).
EDWARD THE CONFESSOE. 355
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
Reverse.
EADPARD AN6L© >i'6©DPINE: ©N D©FER:I Wt. 20-3.
Moneyer.
^EADPARD RE
^EADPARD RE- AN
Type xiii.
4-ClNwTAN ON DOPEWt. 15-7.
^MANPINE ON DOFR-Wt 180.
EADDARD PEX
EADPARD REX
191
195
I'M
4^EDPE" RD RE
(Broken.)
^PVL-FPVRD ON DOWt. IGG.
[PI. XXIII. 14.]
Type XV.
•i-EEOLPI ON DOFEREWt. 200.
^MANPINE ON DOFER:Wt. IS-G.
DORCEASTRE.[Dorchester.]
TyjK ii.
I
t'PVLSTAH 01/1 DORVar. PtUct in fuld.
Wt. 170.
Godwine.
Cinstan.
Manwine.
Wulfward.
Ccoiwi(cf. Cilwi).
Manwine.
Type iv.
't'EHREDR D RE I -fBIAEAMAN DORWt. lG-5.
Type V.
I'EDPE: RD REX •f-HPATEMAN ONDORE
Wt. 25-6.
[Fl. XXIV. 1.]
Type xi.
197 "i-EADPAR RD RE I ^BLAREMAN Or<DORWt. 201.
Wulstan.
Blacaman.
Hwatcman.
Bliirciuiin (=:
Bhicuiuau ?j.
2 A 2
356 ENGLAND.
No.
1D8
ii»a
ObvcriM'. Heverse.
Type xiii.
:EADPARD REX: ^BLACAMON ON DOA\ t. 17'0.
EADRARD REX AN ^BLAREMAN ©NDORCVar. Two crosses
ealtire in field.
AVt. lG-4.
[PI. XXIV. 2.]
DYRHAM OR DEORHAM.*[Dereham.]
200
201
202
203
201
205
^/EDA RD R
Type ii.
IPVLLAR O DYR-
[I'l. XXIV. 3.]
4.EDPE RD R-.-
Wt. 11-2.
" Wt. 9-2.
"wt. 10-4.
Moncyer.
Blacaman.
Blareman(=Blacaman ?).
Wulgar(Wulfgar).
EADMUNDSBYRIG.[St. Edmundsbury.]
Type V.
4<EDPER D REEX: ^MOREEREE ONEDMVN"Wt. 250.
Type xi.
4<EADPARD RD RE •i^MORCRE ONEADMVNAVt. 19-5.
Type xiii.
•EADPARD REX- 1 ^MARCERE ON EADWt. 17-G.
Morcere.
Morcere.
Marcere(Morcere).
• Sec Introduction.
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 357
No.
3:>8 ENGLAND.
No.
21H
211)
220
221
222
223
224
225
220
227
228
220
2: to
231
Obvcnw.
HHEDPER- D REI-V(ir. Sr('|itro torini-
iiiiling in /!« ur-
(lu-lis.
^EDPER D REX-
PEDPER- D REXViir. Sccjitro tcrmi-
niiting in lleur-
du lis.
Reverao. Moneyer.
•tLIFINC ON EXECESTR Lifinc.
W't. 200.
^co/EPINE ON EXECEcoWt. 18-4.
^PVLMER ON EEXECE'\Vt. 20-6.
„ EXECEEWt. 20-8.
Type ix.
EADPARD REX AN6L0V
AI/I6L0R
AH6L-
'I'/el-fril: ohhEX-EC-.-Wt. 20-2.
^/ELFRIG 0N EXECESAVt. 20 0.
•I^LIF-H-IC OHHEXECES:Wt. 20G.
•i«PVLN/ER OHH EXC:Wt. 20-4.
Type xi.
^EADPAR RD RE A Hh/ELFRIC ON EXECEcoWt. 18-7.
•J</EL-FRIC ONEXECEcoT
Wt. 22-4.
4-/EL-FRIC ONEXECEWTE:
AVt. 20-0.
'^LIFINC ON EXECE03TWt. 20-0.
I<EADPARD RD RE
4«EADPAR RD RE A
•J-EADPAR RD RE
^PICINC ONEXECEcoT:
Wt. 21-3.
[PI. XXIV. 4.1
REI •I<PVLM/ER ONEXECEcoT
Wt. 200.
Sfcwine.
Wulrnrer.
zElfric.
Lifinc.
Wulmjer.
^Ifric.
Lifing.
Wicing.
Wulmajr.
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 359
No. Obverse.
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
•eadpard re:
rex:-
eadpard rex:
REX-
REX A
^DPA P REX A
Type xiii.
^EADPARD ©N EWt. 18-0.
^LIFING ON EXECEWt. lG-0.
Type XV.
^SIEPINE ON EXEEEWt. 21-(j.
I'PVLFPINE ON E«I<EEEWt. 18-4.
Wt. 19-0.
EOFERPIC.[York.]
Ttjpe i.
I
"tOONNlNE ON EOFE:Wt. 160.
Moneycr.
Eadward.
Lifing.
Sa3wiue.
Wulfwine.
EDP/R D RE>^ A
>i-EDP/R P RE-4«- A
^EDP: P RE-i*:
•i^FDDER D RE^i- A
Type i. var. a.
^/ELFPINE ON EOFERWt. 16-6.
i^ARBETEL „
Wt. 16-2.
"I^TfRNCETEL- ONEOFERPIC
Wt. 15-7.
OTiinne
(0«iii).
iElfwine.
Arbetel (=Arncetel?).
Arncetel.
^ARNcexei- „
(Tl. XXIV. 5.]
«I«DPER P REX A
^PPE P REX A
t-EDPER D RE"!^ A
Wt. 1;V7.
PARNDRIN ON EOFWt. 16-5.
^ELEPINE ON EOFEPIWt. 16-3.
I^IOL-ANA OH EOFER-Wt, 1 5 7.
Arngrim.
Elewine.
lolaua.
3GU ENOLANU.
No.
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 361
No.
3G2 ENGLAND.
No.
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 363
No.
304
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 365
No.
'MU't ENOLANP.
No.
314
•Mr>
310
317
318
349
350
3r)l
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
Obvcrae. licvcrae.
EADVEARDVS REX AN
EDFAD RX ANGORA-
EADPARD REX ANSORV
EADPARD REX AUSL-
REX ANS-
7';//>'' ix.
HHARMGRIM ON E0FR-Wt. 14-5.
>i<ARNGRIM ON EOFR-Wt. 22-5.
^lOLA Ol/I EOFER-Wt. 22 0.
•I^SCVLA ON EOFRPICWt. 21-5.
"tSMEAEVRH OH EOFEWt. 2 10.
Type ix. var. a.
EDPARD X ACLORO- ^lOKETEL ON EOFEWt. 20-4.
EDPR RX ANGLOP •^OOCRIM ON EFRPIWt. 21-0.
EDPAD X AN[6L]0RA- ! •I'VLFCETL ON EOFRPWt. 21-7.
RX ANGLOR -J^VLFCIL ON EOFRPIC-Wt. 20-5.
EDPAD RX ANGLOR •i^DORR ONN EOFRPCWt. 19-7.
[PI. XXIV. 10.]
Moneycr.
EADPARD REX AMGL-
EDPAD RX ANGLOR
ON EOFERPICWt. 20-7.
ON EOFRPICCWt. 20-7.
Type xi.
*EADPAR RD RE I ^ODGRIM ON EOFII Wt. 19-2.
Type xi. var. a.
'^EDPARD REX •tARCETL ON EOFRPWt. 20-2.
^EDPAER- D R 4«ARNCTEL ON EOFRWt. 19-0.
Amgrim.
lola.
Scula.
Sneaburn(Sna;lx)rii).
loketel
(locetol).
0?.grim.
Ulfcetel.
Ulfcil
(Ulfcetel).
porr.
Ocf'grim.
Amcetel.
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 367
No.
•M)S ENGLAND.
No.
EDWARD THE CONFESSOE. 369
No.
396
397
398
399
400
•101
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
VOL.
Obverse. Reverse.
•i^EADPARD REX A
^EDPARDE REX A
^EADPARD RE"!* A-
REX
•EADPARD REX A
/EADPARD REX Al-
«i«EADPARD REH>I<
REX
•EADPARD RE^ A-
/EADPARD REX AN
I^SNEBORN ON EOFRWt. 15 9.
•I-SPARTEOL ON EOFWt. 16-3.
„ EOFRWt. 14 0.
«i«SPRTCOL ONEOFRWt. 17-6.
•I-VLFCIL ON EOFER-Wt. 12 0.
I'VLFCTEL ON EOFRWt. 15-5.
Wt. 18-6.
•tOORR ON EOFR-Wt. 18-0.
„ EOFERPWt. 18-6.
„ EOFRPWt. 17-5.
Moneyer.
Swartcol,
EADPARD REX
REX
REX
Type XV. rar. a.
i-ALEIF ON EOFRPICEWt. 19-6.
•i-ALEOF ON EOFERPWt. 20-9.
^EARCIL ON EOFERP:Wt. 206.
Wt. 22-5.
„ EOFRPICWt. 20-8.
[PI. XXIV. 13.]
locetel.^lOECETEL ON EOFEWt. 20-7.
Wt. 221^.
^^OVOBEARN ON EO Ou^bearn,Wt. 21-4. I 0«born, &c.
2 11
Ulfcil
(Ulfcetel).
Ulfcetel.
porr.
Aleof.
Earcil.
370
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 371
No.
;i7ii ENULAM*.
No.
•i:j7
AliS
439
410
441
442
413
444
445
440
447
448
449
Obvorae.
4<EDPE RD RE-
.. R--
,. RE
Reverse.
Typ' ii.
i 4^BVNINE ON DIP Bruninc.
^Vt. 17-7.
Moncycr.
^EDPI ON LIPESI\vt. 1:5:;.
4.P.VL-SIE ON LIPAVt. 17i{.
Typr V.
^.EDPE -RD REX: 1 "I-LIFIE 0N06IPESPIIC
[PI. XXV. 1.]
Tui" xi.
AVt. 270.
•i«EADPARD RD RE
EDPARD RX
•EADPARD RE-.
EADPARD REX
•EADPARD RX
EAD>ARD RE-
EADPARD REX
EAPARD REX E^
^'BRVMAN ONCIPEcoPIWt. 20-7.
Type xiii.
l^/ELFPINE ON 6IPPEWt. 160.
-I-BRIHTRIE- ON 6IPPWt. 15 6.
^BRINTRIC ON 6IPEVar. Crescent in
field.
Wt. 15 0.
•^BRVM ON- 6IPPES
ii^BRVNlNC ON 6IPPEWt. IGO.
^LEOF>OLD- „ „Wt. lG-3.
Type XV.
i •J'lELFPINE ON 6IPP
I
Wt. 20-9.
'
>> J) !1
i Wt. 18-9.
I'Mwife].
Wulsio.
Lific
(liiUnc).
Brnman.
^Ifwiiie.
Brilitric.
Brum(au).
Bruninc.
Leofwold.
-Elfwine.
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 373
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
4G0
4G1
Obverse. Reverse.
GLEPECEASTER.[Gloucester.]
Monever.
•I^EDPE RD REX
^EDPE RD RE
^EDP- ARD-.-
^EDP RD RE
I«EDPE: -RD REX
»I«EDPE -RD REX
•l^EDPA- RD RE
I^EDPAR- D REX
fEDPA- RD RE-
Type i.
I
J'PVL-FPERD ON LLEPWt. 17-2.
Type ii.
^LEOFNOO ON CLEWt. 170.
^pvLPiL onWt. 14-0.
Type V.
I</EIELRIE ON 6LEPEWt. 17 4.
, ^EAPVLF ON6LEPECE:
' Wt. 24 4.
i
^LEOFN ON LLEAEEI Wt. 16-9.
Type vii.
Hh/EILRIC ON6L-EPEC:
Wt. 20-7.
^/ELESIIE ON 6LEPEEWt. 200.
•J-GODRIE ON 6LEPE:Wt. 21-3.
I^EDPE D RE- ^IVLFERD O CLEP:Var. Pellet boliina Wt. 21-0.
bust.
(Donhh' ffnicli.) ^PVLFCET ON ELEPE;Wt. 20-2.
Type ix.
EADVVEARDVS REX J'SODPINE ONAN6L 6LEPECST
I Wt. lG-3.
"Wulfwerd.
Leofno(5.
Wulwig.
iEgclric.
Eawulf.
Leofn.
^Iric(iEgelric).
^Ifsiie(of. ^lf.sige).
Godric.
lulfcTTi.
Wulfgct
Godwinc
374 i:n(jland.
No.
4G2
403
40 (
40.")
40(3
407
408
409
ObveiM.
EADYRD REX[ANJQLORX
•EADPEARD REX AN-
EADPEARD REXAN6L0-
Reverse.
4-LEOFSTAH ON GLEPMf. 18-8.
^SELCPINE ON6LEPECWt. 19-7.
4^8ILAC ON LLEPLWt. 20-0.
Tiipr xi.
Moneycr.
LcofHtan.
Selcwino.
Silac.
HhEADPAR RD RE
JEOPARD- RD RE
l-EADPAR RD RE
•i«EADP RD RE
[•I-BRIHTNONO ONILEP:, Brihtno*?
!
(Pierced.)
^GVOLFPINE ONCLEPC:Wt. 200.
i-LIOFPINE ONLLEPECE
Wt. 20-2.
•EADPARD RE-
Guolfwine.
Liofwine.
Wulfward.•J^PVLFPARDOISCLEPEEE
Wt. 20-6.
[PI. XXV. 2.]
Type xiii.
I "^SILAC- ON 6LE>EiSilac.
Wt. 17-0.
470 EADPARD REType XV.
I
-^SILAC ON 6LE>EWt. 18-4.
GRANTEBRYCGE.[Cambridge]
Silac.
471 -^EDPE RD RE
472
Type ii.
I •t'ETSTAN ON CRA1 Wt. 18-0.
Et8tan(Edstan).
Type iii.
•fEDPER D REX I .^/ELFPINE ONE Of^R- .Elfwine.
IWt. 10 8.
EUWAKD THE CONFESSOR. 375
No.
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
Obverse. Reverse. Moneyer.
Type V.
^EDPER- -D REEX:(Double struck.)
^EDPE: -RD REX:
^ELFPIIVON CRA-NTE-Wt. 26-6.
^COTSVNV ON CR7XNTEWt. 2<J7
Typp. vii.
"I-EDPER D REX I .fCODPINE ON GRANTI
Wt. 18-3.
[PI. XXV. 3.]
EADPARD REX AUCLO
EADPRD REX ANCOR
Type ix.
^/ELFPID ©I/IUI LRAWt. 20-6.
^tODPINE ON GRANT:Wt. 20-3,
482
483
484
Type xi.
^EDPAR- RD REX I i^EADTERD ONIRANI
Wt. 19-8.
Type xiii.
EADPARD REX AD|
^SODLAMB ONCRA :
IAVt. lG-2.
RE:
REX A
•tS^ECOL ON 6RANIVAVt. 160.
pPIBEARN OrCRAWt. 15-2.
GULDEFORDA ou GILDEFORDA.[Guildford.]
^EDP RD R-
*EDPA RD RE:
^EDPE-.- RD RE
Type ii.
I
^ELFPINE ON 6V.AVt. 10-9.
Type V.
^BLACEMAN ON 6YLWt. 18 0.
^BLAEEMAN ON DVLWt. IGO.
Elfwine.
Gotsunu.
Godwine.
MUvfig.
Godwiue.
Eadwerd.
Godlamb.
Sfccol.
Wibearu.
Elfwiuc.
Blaceman.
.';7(; KNia.ANI).
No.
•isr.
J St;
•187
488
489
490
491
492
493
Obrene.
4<EDPNR D REX-
Rerene.
Type vii.
I
^BLACMAN ON LVLD;wt. \'r.^.
' i^BLACMAN ON LVLDAVt. 20-3.
Type ix.
EADVVERDVS REXAN6LO
494
495
^BLACEMAN ON 6ILAVt. 21-0.
6YLDE0KWt. 19-9.
Type xi.
•I-EADPA- RD RE •t'/ELFRIC: ON6LLDEF0R
Wt. lU-4.
Wt.'201.
Moneycr.
iJlacniiui
(lilacenian).
Blaceman.
i-EADPAR- RD RE
[PI. XXV. 4.]
•I-EADPAR- RD RE t'BLAEEMAN ON 6LDEWt. 19-5
Type xiii.
•EADPARD REX:I I«/ELFRIC- ON 6ILDE
AVt. lG-7.
•^ „ REX AN ,oi3ajiD NO omqjj\^I Wt. 140.
H/ESTINGA OH HESTINGPORT.[Hastings.]
Type ii.
•tEDPAR D RE I ^BRID ON H/ESTII Wt. 17-5.
Type iii.
EDPNDR R DEX "
I ^'BRID : ON HESTST:I Wt. 24-3.
^Ifric,
Blaceman.
..Elfric.
Brid(cf. Braud).
Brid.
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 377
No.
37.S ENGLAND.
No.
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 379
No.
523
525
52G
527
52S
529
530
531
HAMTUNE.[Southampton.]
Type i.
»^EDPERER D REX 7^| I'LEOFPINE ON
HTXMTV(ricrced.)
Type iii.
"t'EDPE: -RD REX I ^/EL-FPINE ON HAMI
Wt. 17-4.
Type vii.
^EDPAR D REX ,»I<LE0FR1C ON HAMTVWt. 21-0.
Type vii. var. a.
EDPE RD REVar. S(^eptrc termi-
nating in three
pellets.
^/ELFPINE ON HAWt. 21 0.
Type ix.
EADPARD REX ANGLO|
^PVLNOO ON HAM:I Wt. 20-3.
„ AU6L" <i'PWL\AO€> OMU HAM/Wt. 21-2.
Tijpi' xi.
^EADPARD RD RE I ^co/EPINE ON HAMTVWt. 22-2.
Type xi. var. b.
.^EADPAR RD RE|t-PVLFNOD ON HAMTV
I
AVt. 19--
[PL XXV. «.]
HEORTFORD.[Hertford.]
Type i.
J^EDPNRD: REC- I •i'DEORSICE ON lEON^Wt. 14-6.
]Moneyer.
Leofwine.
^Ifwine.
Leofric.
.^ Ifwine.
WulnolS(Wulfno«).
Wulfno«.
Deorsisre.
Hortfonl?
380 ENGLAND.
No. Obreno. Reverse.
:>:j2 ^edpa rd r-e
533
534
535
53t)
537
538
539
540
541
Type iii.
I^/ELFPINE ON HERTFI Wt. 11-0.
HhEDPE-.- RD REX
^EDPNE RER--}-:
J-EDPND D REVar. Sceptre termi-nating in fleur-
tle-lig.
•^•EDPE- RD RE
Moneycr.
iElfwinc.
^CODMAN ON HEOR Godman.Wt. 160.
•tCODPINE ON HIR-.-Wt. 14-5.
•tCOLDPINE ON HEORWt. 13-7.
«tR/EDVL-F ON HER"Wt. 16-2.
. P.E-
Farthing.
I ^ HIR.Wt. 40.
Type vii.
•J^EDPER D REX i .^PILTRKD ON HEORT: Wiltrand
IWt. 17-2. (po8. Wilfrid).
Godwine.
Goldwine.
Escdulf.
4'EADPAP RD REType xi.
»tco/EM/ER: ONHERTFOWt. 19o.
Type xiii. var. b.
•EADPARD RE-I ^PIL/ESRIP- ON HEORI WiL-cgrip or
SsemsBr.
[PI. XXV. 7.]
Wt. 17-2.
542 ^EDPE RD RE
^pildirp on HIRTWt. 15-6.
HEREFORD.[Hereford.]
Type ii.
'I'ERndii on hereWt. 17-4.
Wilgrip.
Earnwi.
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 381
01)vcrse. Moneyer.
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
Type iii.
•J^EDPE: -RD REX- I ^EIEL-RIC ON HEREWt. 167.
Type vii.
^EDPRD- -D REX-Var. Sceptre termi-
nating in fleur-
de-lis.
•}«PVLFPIHE OH hERWt. 21-4.
.^eWc.
Wulfwine.
Type vii. var. b.
J^EDPE R-D R-EXVar. Sce^jtre termi-
nating in three
pellets.
[PI. XXV. 8.]
i^ERNPI ON hERE-Wt. 20-6.
Earnwi.
Type ix.
EADPEARD REX AN6L ^LEFENOO ONHEREFOWt. 21 G.
EADPERD REXVar. Inscription
begins behindbust.
t'EADPARD RD RE
^EADPARD RD RE
I) >> >>
^EADPAR RD RE
I-EADPAR- RD RE
Type xi.
•i-/ELFPI ONHEREFOR
Wt. 197.
"I'EA'^PI: ONHEREFOdE
Wt. 20-.3.
•t-EARNPI : ON HEREWt. 19-0.
„ HEREFOWt. 20-4.
^ELRIE: ON HL-RELOEWt. 19 8
Lcfeno^.
^lfwi(g).
Earnwi.
•EADPARD RE-
'I'LIOFENOD ONHEREFOWt. 20-0.
[PI. XXV. 9.]
TyjH xiii.
I
^/ELFOI ON HEREWt. ItJ 9.
EIric
(of. iElric).
Liofno8.
.Elf\vi(g).
382 ENCiLANI),
Ni.. Obvcmo. Ilcvcr»c.
HORNINDUNA.[IlornJon.j
T;/pi- ix.
TmI ^EADVVRD raxI
HhDVDINC ON
Moncycr.
DuJiuc.
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
HORNIDVNE:\Vt. VJ'J.
AN60RV:
[IM. XXV. 10]
HUNTENDUNE.[UuntingJon.]
Tyjye i.
•i^EDPA RD REX I 'i'PVLFP'lL ON HVNT: Wulfwig."\Vt. IG 7.
,
Type ii.
4«EDPE RD REX
4«EDPA- D RE
^/ELFPINE ON HV ^Ifwine.\Vt. 171.
4<VLFCTL ON HVNTWt. 9-7.
UlfcL-tcl.
PEFarthing.
I * • HVWt. 4-2.
Type iii.
•tEDPERD REX T\ ^/EL-FPINE ON HVNTE ^Ifwine.Var. Pellet iu twoangles of cross.
Wt. 17 2.
Type iv.
«i<E€)PA RD REX I »i«P.V.LFPINE O HVN Wulfwiue.
IAVt. lG-2.
Type V.
4<EDPER: D REX: h/ELFPINE ONi
^Elfwine.HVNTEN:
IWt. 25-4.
•}<LODRIC ON HVNTENWt. 25-4.
Godric.
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 383
No.
nftl ENULAM).
No.
KDWAUD THE CONFESSOR. 38.3
No.
386 ENGLAND.
No.
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 387
No. Obverse. Moiieycr.
610
LEHERCEASTER.[Leicester.]
Type i.
^EPDER D REX A I ^PVLFRIC ON LEHR-Wt. 17").
GU I-EDFE RD RE
612 ^IDRIPA I Rl
Type ii.
I
>CODRIE Or^6HERWt. IS -2.
G13
614
615
616
617
Type V.
i^EDPNE ONLE:RIEDII
AVt. 210.
EDPA RD REVar. Sceptre teriiii
natiiig in flcur
dc-lis.
•^EDPER D REX
Type vii.
"I-CLLDEPINE ON
Var. Sceptre termi-
nating in fleur-
de-lis.
[PI. XXV I. 1.]
LEH :
Wt. 18-6.
4<C0DRIC ON LEHER-Wt. 21-3.
^E[D]PEI D RE •I'PV^EINNOO ON LEH(Broken.)
618
619
HhEDPARD- REX-.- I ^[PV]L-EN0ID ON LEV(ir. Scei)trc termi- Wt. 18'5.
Dating in fleur-
de-li.s.i
•}<EDPAR D RE "i-PVLNAO ON LE6RVar. Sceptre termi- 1
Wt. 2 10.
nating in fleur-
de-lis.
Type ix.
EADPARD REX AH6L0 ^/EGELRIC OH LEHWt. 20-1.
Wt. 21
Wulfric
(iodric.
Edwine.
(iildowiuc.
Ciodric,
WulcnnoSor WiilnaS(Wulfuo?).
..l^gelric.
888 ENGLAND.
No.
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 389
Xo.
390 ENGLAND.
No.
(•.15
VAC,
CAl
r.js
049
GjO
c.-.i
ti.-.3
(Ml
G55
cm
C"»7
tM8
Obvene.
t-NDC RAIX
Reverse. Moneyer.
7'i/))c vii. »v/r. h.
i-COLBRAND ON LEI Colbrand.
Vur. Scci.tro ttrmi- Wt. 20 'J.
iiutiiip in llcur-
(Ic-Hb.
PI. XXVI. .l.]
7'j/pe ix.
EADPAR RX AN6L0 ^/ELFSIC OI/IH LEICE iElfsig.
]'(()•. AliIlulct.S nil
the limbs of cross. '
Wt. 20-3. ^
EADPRD REX AN6L0 ^BR-YNNIE ON LEG: Bninninc.AVt. li)-2.
[ri. XXVI. 4.]j
EADPARD REX AH6L0 ^BRYHl/IIC ON[N]LEIC-.-
I
AVt. 21-0. '
„ AUG- »I<E0LBRAND Ol/I LEI Colbrand.
(Pierced.)
EADPRD RX AN60R •^DVNNJISC ON LE6EEES Dunninc.AVt. IS-G.
EADPARD REX AUGLO 4^C0DRIE ON LECA Godric.
Wt. 21 -C.
„ AH6L- 1 •I'LEOFHOD ON LEIC Leofno«.Wt. 19-6.
! 'I'SPEARTCOL OH LEI. Sweartcol.
i Wt. 20-5.
Ti/pi xi.
•i-EADPARD RD REI
>^/ELFcfi| ON LELEEEco ^Ifsig?Wt. 20-6.
•^EADPAR RD RE
4«EADPAR- „ „
•^EADPAR „ ..
•t'EADPAR- „ ..
I
^BRVNINC ON LELEEC Brimin?Wt. 19 0. (Bruninc).
[I'l. XXVL 5.]
I
't'DVNIISC ON LECECE Duning' Wt. 20(3. (Duninc).
•^HVOJCALR ON_EGEEC IIuscarLWt. lG-0.
•I'LIOFENOP ON LiofnoX
I
LECECC:I Wt I'JO.
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 391
No.
:{:»'_» ENdLA.NK.
No.
(571
07-2
G7:J
(-.74
C7.')
C7G
C77
C78
079
G80
C8l
(;s2
C83
C84
cs.->
CSG
ObverM.
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 393
No.
304 ENGLAND.
No.
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 395
No.
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
Obverse. Reverse.
724
725
72G
727
728
729
730
731
7:;2
Tijpc ix.
EADPAP RX AN6L0R-
EDPAR- DX AN60
EADPARD REX AUS-
"^ELFNOO ON LINIO\\i. 200.
^QODRIC ON LINEOWt. 20-5.
MVIANNAWt. 190.
EADPAD REX ANGLO ,^ODLRIM OH LINEO
Wt. 200.
EDPARD X. ANGLO-
EADPARD X
^PVLBEREN ON LINWt. 18-5.
I-PVLFRIE ON LINEOWt. 21-2.
Type X.
EDPAD X ANGLOR- I I'ELFNOO ON LINE©I
Wt. 20-4.
[PI. XXVI. 8.]
JEOPARD REX
^ETXDPAR D RE-
4.EDPAR- D RE:
't'EADPAR RD RE
^'EDPARD REI-
•i-EADPAR- RD RE
4^EADPAR RD RE
Type xi.
^AVTI ON LINEOLNNWt. 22-3.
i
I^ELFNOD OH LINEOWt. 2U-8.
i^CIFE ON LINEOLLWt. 170.
^LODRE ON LINEOL-Wt. 20-3.
•i«ODQRIM ON LirCOWt. 20-8.
^OOc/^L-AE ON LINEO(15n)kiii.)
*VLF ON LINEOLNEWt. 22 0.
H[<PVLBEORN ©NLINEOL-WL 21o,
Wt 2 10.
Moneyer.
Eifno«.
Godric.
Manna.
0<5grim.
Wulbcom.
Wultric.
Elfno«.
Auti?
ElfnoS.
Gifc.
Godric.
OSgrim.
OSslac(OMac).
Ulf.
Wulbcom.
:v.n\ KNOLANIt.
No.
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 397
No. Obverse. Reverse.
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
7oG
757
758
759
7G0
LUNDENE.[Loiulon.]
Moneyer.
Type i.
*EDPE: RD REX:
tEDPER D REX 7\ :
•i^EDPNRD D REE
•i^EDPER D REX.-.
^EDPNR. REC.
^EDDE- RD REX:
•1-EDPER- D REX
EDPA: REE:>^ -A-
^•EDPNRD REI:
^EDPGR: D REX.
[PI.
PEDPER- D REX-.-
»t.E[DPjER D REX:
M REX A
•^EDPAR D REX-;-
•i^VEDNRD: D RE
•i^/ELFRED ON LVNDEWt. 10 0.
i</ELFPERD „Wt. lG-7.
'I'BRIHTM/ER ON LVDWt. 12-5.
^DVDINC ONN LVNWt. 15-0.
»i<EADPOLD ON LVNWt. lG-5.
4^FDIII OIIN LVIIDE:Wt. 13-0.
•I-ESTHER ON LVND:Wt. 14-0.
»i<SODESVNE ON LVD:Wt. 15-U.
^CODPINE ON LVDWt. 11-3.
I
^CODPINE ON LVND:1 Wt. 17-3.
XXVI. 10.]
I'LEOFRED ONN LVND Lcofred.Wt. 140. !
'^LEOFSTA[N] ON LVN Leofstan.(Brokeu.)
I-LeOFSTAN ON LVNDWt. lG-6.
Alfred.
^Ifwerd.
Brihtmser.
Dudinc.
Eadwold,
Edin?
Esther.
Godesunc.
Godwiue.
I-PVLFRED ON LVNDWt. 14-9.
^PVLSILE ON LVDEWt. 12-G.
Wulfred.
Wulaigo.
!!KS ENOLANl).
No.
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 399
No.
loo ENGLAND.
No.
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 401
No.
402 ENGLAND.
No.
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 4U3
•So. Obverse. I'everse. Moueyer.
Fahthing.
D . ON LV
«i«EDPE: R ERX-
•^EDPNO: D ER-
"i-EDPNR D RE-
•tEDPNER-.- RD E
^EDPN RD EX A
"I-EDPHED: RD E
^EDPE -D REX
»^EDPNR- RDE
•'i'EDPE-- -RD REX
i^EDPN: RD EX V
Wt. 4-2.
Tyjw iii.
"^/EEELPI ON LVNDEWt. lo-7.
^/ECELPI ON LVNDE:Wt. 15 5.
t/ECL-PI.-. ON LVNDWt. 11-3.
1«/ECEL-PIC ON LVNDWt. 150.
'i'/ECiELPIC ON LVNDWt. 130.
'i'/ELESISE ON LVND:(Chip2»cd.)
P/ELFCAR ON LVNDEWt. 14 0.
I'/ELFRED ON LVNDWt. 14-2.
>^/ELFRED ON LVND-.-Wt. 170.
't'/ELFPI: ON LVNDE-Wt. 13 0.
^EDP ERD REVar. Sceptre tcrmi-
natiug iu Ikur-
dc-lid.
»i«-EDPE-: -RD REX
^EDPED- -D REX
^EDPIIR: D RE-
^EDPN- RD EX A
^EDPER RD RE-
iEgclwig.
I</EL-FPIC ON LVNDWt. IG 0.
^/ELFPINE ON LVNDEWt. I(y3.
t'ELFPINE ON LVNDWt. 15-5.
4-/ELFPN ON LVNDE:Wt. li-5.
•i^ALRIC ON LVNDEWt. irvO.
I-BRINTRED ON LVNDWt. 13-2.
^Ifsigo.
^Ifgar.
.Elfrcd.
.Elfwig.
iElfwinc.
iElfwino ?
Alric.
lirilitrod.
2 1) 2
404
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 405
No.
40G ENOLAND,
No.
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 407
No.
408 ENGLAND.
No.
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 409
No.
410 ENGLAND.
No.
0G(
!)G5
OCG
or.7
9G8
909
970
971
972
973
974
975
97G
977
Obv(>r(u>.
4<EDPER D REX
+EDPER- ., „
4^EADPE RD RE[X]
^-EDPER- D REX
I^EDPE- D REXV(ir. Sceptre termi-
nating in fleur-
de-lis.
^EDPER D REX
•I^EDPER- D REX
EADPE RD REX
^EAP ERD-Vttr. Sceptre termi-nating in fleur-
de-lis.
Rcvorso.
^'BRVNLAR ON LVNDG^vt. 21 1.
HhEADPOLD ON LVND:Wt. 19-2.
^EALDVLF ONLVNDENE
Wt. 16-2.
^EEPID ONN•-VNDENE:
Wt. 19-9.
^EDRED ON LVNDE:Wt. 20-5.
»I<EDRIE ONNLVNDENE:
Wt. 1-1-7.
«i<EDPiNE ON LVNDE:Wt. 21-0.
•i'ESTIVIVND ON LVNEWt. 20 5.
•tCLIFPINE ONLVNDE-.-Wt. 16-7.
•i-EDPER- D REX ^LODERE „ „I or. Sceptre termi- Wt. 207.uating in fleur-
de-lis.
[PI. XXVII. 3.]
I'dr. Sceptre termi-nating in fleur-
de-lis.
•tEDPE D R[EX]
4«EDPER- D REXT'(ir. Sceptre termi-nating in fliur-
di'-lia.
'I-CODMAN ON LVNWt. 20-7.
•I'GODMAN ON LVND:Wt. '201.
•i'CODRIC ONLVNDENE:
Wt. 18-7.
»i«CODPINE ON LVNDWt. 21-5.
Moneyer.
EadwoM.
EaMulf.
Ecwig.
EJrcd.
Edric.
EJwinc.
Estmund.
Glifwine.
Goderc.
Godman.
Godric.
God wine.
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 411
No.
412 ENGLAND.
No.
091
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
Ohvene.
4«EADPE RD RE
„ REX
Rcvcnic.
HhPVLFPINE ONLVNDENE
\Vt. I'J H.
MoD'-yer.
Wulfwine.
tPVLCAR: ON LVNDEN Wiilgar.
^vt. rj-7.
Type vii. rar. b.
•tEADPE -^^RD REX- l-^ETXDPOLD OW LVND:^Vt. 18-3.
Type ix.
EADPARD REX A60RV «^/ECELPER OHLVHD-
EADVVEARDV REXANLLO
EADVVERDVS REXANCLO
EADPEARD REXAN6L0R
EADPPRD RAXAN60RV
EADPA REX AN6L0
E7\DPE7\RD REXAN6L0
EADPPRD RAE:XAN60R
EADPARD R^ AN6L0R
•i-EADRPARD REXANLOT
"\Vt. 19-4.
"1-/ELFRED OH LVHD:"SVt. 21-3.
^/ELFSICE ONLVNDENWt. 21-3.
^/ELFPERD ON LVNDWt. 20-5.
•i-ZELPERD ON LVND:Wt. 20-5.
^DEORMAN „(Broken.)
„LVNDE:Wt. 17-4.
•i^DIREMAN ONLVDENLDE
Wt. 18-7.
^EALDSAR ON LVNDEWt. 17-5.
n LVNDEIWt. 17-4.
EADP7\RD REX ANCLO ^EDPI ONLVNDENEN-.-
Wt. 2 10.
EDPARD REANGLORVM
EADPA REX ANGLO-
*60DR1C ON LVNDWt. 20-3.
„ LVNDEWt. 19-3.
Eadwold.
.^gelwer (cf.
.ffigelwerd).
iElfrei
iElfsige.
iElfwerd.
Deorman.
Direman.
Ealdgar.
Edwig.
Godric.
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 413
No. Obverse. Reverse.
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
lOlG
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
EADPEARD REXANGLO ••
ET^DPETXRD REXANGLO
EAVVARD REXANGLORV
EADPARD RX ANGLO-
EADPPEARD SEXANGLO
E7\DP7^RD REXANGLOE
ET^DVVET^RDVS REXAN6L
EADPPRD RIX ANGORV
EAPPRD REXANGLOVM
EADPEARD REXANGLGVC
EADPEA REX ANGLO
EADPEARD REXANGLO
EADPEARD REXANGLO
EADPRD R^ ANGORV
EADPARD RX ANGLOR
»i<GODRIC ON LVNDENAVt. "20 -U.
•i^GODPINE ON LVNDWt. 20-3.
Moneyer.
•i^GODPNE „Wt. 210.
•i^LEFPINE ON LVND-.Wt. 18-4.
^LIFIND: ONLVNDEEN-.-
Wt. 20-7.
•I-LIOFING ON LVNDENWt. 10 2.
•i^OMYHD OVWA LVHD:Wt. 21-3.
'i'OMYND: 0:NLVNDNED
Wt. 21-0.
•i«PVLFCAR ON LVNDWt. 21-2.
J^PVLGARWt. 21-1.
•i^P.VL-GA-R ON LVNDEWt. iy-8.
i^PVL-GARAVt. 17 7.
•tPVLGAR ONLVNDENE
Wt. 171.
'i'PVLFRED ON LVNDAVt. 221.
•J^PLVFRED ONLVNDE-.-Wt. 18-4.
[TL XXYII. 4.]
^DREDND PENDREDRE ^RVLFRIIX OH LVMHIIWt. Ls;!.
EADPRD R-J- ANGO- •i^PVLFPINE ON LVNDWt. I'JO.
Godwine.
Lefwine(Leufwine),
Lifinc orLiolinc.
Omynd (cf.
Oamuud).
Will fgar orWulf'ar.
Wulfred.
Wulfric.
Wulfwine.
414
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 415
No.
1012
1043
104-i
1045
104G
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
Obverse.
^EADPAR- RD RE
i^EADD „ „
I-EADPAR- „ „
^EADPARD „ „
"t-EADPARD „ „
I-EDPERD :REEEX
Reverse.
HhGODPlNE ON LVNDEWt. 15-.S.
J-OMMVUD ON LVUDEAVt. 17-8
Moneyer.
^OrSMVNDWt. 18-8.
'I'PVLFCAR ON LVND:Wt. 18-0.
i^PVLFCAR ON LVNDEWt. -Iiyij.
'i'PVLFCER ONLVNDEKE
Wt. 20-7.
"tEADPARD REX A • •
EADPARD „ ANG
*r >> »> <» •
EADPARD- REX A:
: EADPARD REX A
EADPARD REX A-.-
EADPARD REX ANC-.-
•EADFARD REX AG-
EADPARD REX:
-EADPARD REX A
Type xiii.
i^/ELELPI ON LVNDWt. 17G.
„ LVNDEWt. 17-3.
^/EGLPI ON LVNDENWt. 15-3.
•^/ESLPIN- ON LVNDEWt. 12 3.
^^/ELFFARD NWt. 15-4.
i^/EL-FDARD ON LVNDWt. 14 8.
^EADPINE ON LVND:Wt. 17G.
I-EDPINC ON LVNDWt. ItlO.
^EDFINE- ON LVNDE-Wt. KJG.
>I«EDriNE- O LVNDEWt. 17G.
^SODRIC ON LVNDWt. 15-8.
Osmund.
Wulfgar.
.^irclwine.
„ ANDL •i-WPETMAN ©N LVN :
I Wt. 17G.
.li; Ifward.
Endwino orEdwiue.
Godric.
Swctman,
\\r, ENGLAND.
No.
lOOU
lOGl
10C2
10G3
10G4
10C5
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
Obvorw.
4.EADPARD REX -A
EADPARD REX A
•EADPARD REX:
REX A
^EADPARD REX AN:
^EADRARD REX A-
Ucvornc.
•i«3PETMAN- ON LVN^Vt. 17-2.
^PVLFGAR ON LVND^Vt. 11-2.
"i^PVLGARWt. 15 6.
"J-PVL6AR ON LVNDEVar. Four crescents
in field.
Wt. 16-9.
^DVLFODI ON LVNDEAVt. lS-0.
^DVLFDARD ON.VISDWt. 170.
[n. XXYII. 5.]
EADRARD REX A
Wt. IGG.
OK.WWt. 15-2.
Halfpenny.
RD REX A ...PINE ON LVWt. 8-3.
Type XV.
EADPARD REX A
EADRARD „
EADPARD REX A
^/ELFSI ON LVNDE::Wt. 200.
•i-SODRIC ON LVNDWt. 20-3.
^rVLFFARD ON LVNWt. 19-5.
[PL XXA'II. 6.]
EADPARD „ „ ^PVL-SAR ON LVHWt. 20-4.
Type XV. var. h.
4<ERDR D ACI
"i^wPETMAN ON LVI
IWt. 17-0.
[PL XXVII. 7.]
Moneyer.
Wulfgar.
Wulfsige.
Wulfward.
Eadwine ?
.^Ifsige.
Godric.
Wulfward.
Wulgar.
Swetman.
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR, 417
No.
418 ENGLAND.
No.
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
Obvemc. Ilcvcrec.
MEALMESBYRIG[MiiliiKhbury.]
Type. vii.
^EDPAR D REI-
Moneyer.
4«EDPE :• D. REX
4.EDPAR D REI-
»I<EAL-DPIG OM MEAL-:-, Ealdwig.AVt. I'JO.
•fiEAL-DPI ON MES-L-D-Wt. 19-4.
^EAL-DPIG ONNMEALM-AVt. 19-3.
Type xi.
»i<EADPAR RD RE "J-BRIMPI ON MELME Brihtwine?Var. In opposite
angles of cross, I
and crescent.
Wt. 20-0.
[PI. XXVII. 9.]
^•E-DR- RDE
^EADPE RD RE
•tEDPE- D RE-
^BRIHPI ON MELMEVar. In opposite
angles of cross, I
and crescent.
Wt. 20-3.
NIFEPORTE.[Newport.]
Type vii.
•J^-SIRED ONNIFEPORTG-
Wt. 19-2,
[PI. XXVII. 10.]
^OJIREDD ON NIPEPO:Wt. 160.
NOROFIC.
[Nurwieh.]
Type i.
1089 "REDDER D RE>^ 1\ •I«L-eOCDINE ON NOR!Wt. 14-4.
[PI. XXVII. 11]
Sired.
Leofwine.
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 419
No.
1090
Obverse.
^EDPER D RE>I« 7^.
Reverse.
I-OSMVNDD O NORO:Wt. 17G.
Type ii.
1091i
«^EDPE RD RE I "^LEOPIE ON HORWt. 17-2.
1092
1093
1094
Type iii.
^•CDPE RD RE.fI
*^LEOFPINEON NOROWt. 17-3.
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
Type iv.
^EhDDI ID PXll ^OS:MVID ON NORWt. 11-5.
^EDPERD -REX 1\ "t-RINVLF „
; Var. PA ESWt. 17-7.
[PI. XXVII. 12.]
Type V.
^EDPE- RD REX ^EENELM ON NOROi
Wt. 25-7.
Moncyer.
Osmuud.
Leofwic.
Lcofwine.
Osmund.
Iliuulf.
^EDPER: -D REX
^EDP- ERD R^
4<EDPE: RD RE:
i^.L-EOFPINE ONNORO:Wt. 25-0.
»i«O0RFRO O NOROPWt. 25-3.
'i'OVREVCRO OM l/IOR-
Wt. 25- 1.
Type vii.
•"J-EDPER D REX-Var. f^ceptri; tcrnii-
nating in fleur-
de-lis.
••i'EDPR D REXVar. Sceptre termi-
nating in fleur-
de-lis.
•tEDPER D REXVar. Sceptre termi-
nating in llcur-
de-lis.
fHLANGVLF ON NORWt. 2U-4.
J'OORSTAN O NOROPWt. 180.
•i<:OVRFVO ON NOROWt. i:i-.
Cenelm.
Leofwine.
porferS.
purueriS ( =
purferT) ?).
HIangulf?
porstan.
purfurS.
2 K 2
420 ENaiiANI).
No.
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
nil
Obvonw. Rcvcree.
Type xi.
i-EADPAR RD RE:
4«EDPARD D RE-.-
I-EADPA- RD RE
i^EADPAR RD R
•tEADPAR RD RE-
^ELFPINE ON NORe[P]\Vt. 17-4.
•i«LEFPINE O NOROPIWt. 17-4.
i-LIOFPINE ON NORDWt. 20-4.
I-LIOFRIC: ON NORPPIWt. 19-8.
«i«PVLFc/5l: ON NORPPICWt. 190
Moneyer.
1112
1113
EADPARD RE
-EADPARD REX
EADPARD RX
,. [D R]E
•tEDPE RD RE
4<EDPE REC
Type xiii.
I
^EDFINE ON H0ROWt. 14-3.
4<D0DPINE O NORI Wt. 12-3.
[PL XXVII. 13.]
I-^PRICE O NORO
Wt. 14-0.
Type XV.
i'OVRGRIM ONMOROj
Wt. 14-8.
•5-OVRSTAN ON NORWt. 19-6.
OXENAFORD.[Oxford.]
Type ii.
I"i-LLPIN ON OCX-
IWt. 17-3.
Type ii. var. b.
•I«LEOFPINE OXFWt. 17-2.
Elfwino.
Lofwine or
Liofwine.
Liofric.
Wulf.-i
(Wulfsigc).
Edwine.
Godwine.
Price.
purgrim.
purstan.
Gilpin.
Leofwine.
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 421
No.
1114
Obverse. Reverse. Moneyer.
1115
lllG
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1121
Type iv. t-nr. a.
I'EDDE D REX-.- ^BRIUPOLD OhM©CXE
[PI. XXVn. 11.]
Wt. 17-7.
Brinwold.
Type V.
•i^EDPE: -RD REX ^EIELPINE ONOXENE-Wt. 23-9.
Type vii.
^EDPER- D REX ' ^/ELFPICL ONOC-XCNE
Wt. 21-2.
Elfwine.
iElfwier.
^EDPER--,, „Var. Sceptre termi-
nating in fleur-
de-lis.
>i«EDPAR D REIVar. Sceptre termi-
nating in fleur-
de-lis.
^/ELPIC ONOCEXENAF
Wt. 20-2.
^/ELPII ON OCXENEFOWt. 20-1.
Type ix.
EADPEARD REX ANSOl ^/ELFPIC ON OX:Wt. 20-G.
EADPARD REX 4^EADPIHE OHHA-H6L0V OXHE:
I Wt. 21-4.
[PI. XXVIII. 1.]
EADPARD REX AUSLO ^^ELPIME OMl/l OXHE-.Wt. 20'4.
„ AN6L- •fH/ERSOD ON O't'NEFI
Wt. 21-1.
EADARD REX AN6L0V HhSETMAN ON OXEN-.-I Wt. 21-4.
TyjK xi.
't'EADPARD RD RE •l^/ECELPINE ONOXENEX
Wt. 21-5.I
^Ifwig.
Eadwine.
Elwino.
Ilforgod (of.
Haitgod).
Swetman.
j15gclwino.
122
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 423
No. Obverse. Moneyer.
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
*EDPE: -RD REX-
•i«EDPE: -RD REX
^LODPINE ON ROFEWt. 167.
^PVLFRIC ON ROFWt. 13 3.
Type iv.
4<EDPERD -RECX- "HLODPhNE ON ROVar. Crescent at
eml of each limbof cross enclosing
pellet.
Wt. 13 0.
Type vii.
»I«EDPER D REXVar. Sceptre termi-
nating in fleur-
de-lis.
4<EDPINE ONN ROF:Wt. 19-6.
Type xi.
^EADPAR RD RE I »J-L1FP1NE: ON ROFE-.'
I
Wt. 21-7.
[PI. xxviir. 3.]
•i«LIFPINE HORN OHROF
Wt. 21-7.
RUMENEA.[Romncy.]
Type i.
•i^EDPERD REX A I i'BRVNQAR ON RVWt. 15-5.
HhEDRE RD RE
•i'EDPE „ „
^ D RE
Type ii.
•tEcoTIN ON RHVWt. 110.
•J-PVLHED ON RVMWt. 14 f).
Godwine.
Wulfric.
Godwine.
Eilwinc.
Lifwine.
Lifwine andHorn.
II.M.Kl'ENNY.
I^.... ED ON^V
Brungar.
Estan.
WuUud.
Wulhod?Wl. 0-5.
424 ENtJLAND.
No.
1115
Obvono. Reverse.
Typn iv.
4-EDDER: D REX
11 IG
1117
1148
1119
1150
1151
1152
•i^PVLM/ER ON RVMVar. CroHCt^nt at
end of eacli limbof crows cucloaing
pellet.
Wt. H-4.[PI. XXVIII. 4.]
•^EDRED D RE-Var. Sceptro tormi-
natiug in ilcur
dc-lis.
Type vii.
i^LEOFRC ON- RVM:Wi. 21-0.
•J-EDPE-.- D RE- >i<PVLM/ER ON RVMEE-Var. Sceptre termi- I Wt. 10 5.
nating in fleur-
de-lis. I
Type ix.
EADPARD EX AM6L0- I ^PVLM/ER OVWA RVMI
Wt. 220.
Type xi.
i'EADPAR RD RE|
^PVLM/ER ON RVMEDWt. 21-5
SANDPIC.
[Sandwich.]
Type i.
I
•I^LIOFPINE ON SANDI
Wt. 150.
Type ii.
•J-FAREhlR ON SAWt. 14-5.
»}<LEFPINE ON SAWt. 12-4.
^LEOFDIKE ON SAWt. 10-5.
Moneyer.
Wulmajr.
Leofric.
Wulmaer.
•i«EDPNR-.- REE
4«EDPE RD RE
•i'EDP ERD R-
1153 «i<EDP- ARD-
Wulmaer.
Wulmoer.
Liofwine.
Farehir.
Lefwine,Leofwine, &c.
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 425
No.
l'J(i ENGLAND.
No.
1164
11G5
IIGG
11G7
11G8
11G9
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
4-EDPE RD REX
^-EDPE: RD REX-
^'EDPAR D REX-
Rcvcrnc. Money<T.
4«D0DESBRAND ON SC OoflcsbrunJ.
Var IJinhHCjf croHa|
united by onecircle only.
Wt. 17 5.
•I«PVLFRIE ON SCEFTE.-I Wulfric.
Wt. 2.0O.I
Type vii.
"tDVDVCOC OH eCEFT- Duducol?AVt. 210.
Wt. 20-2.
Ti/2ic vii. var. h.
^EADP RD REX AN |>]hP.VLFRIC -ON^J : $EEFI "\Vt. 19-2.
Wulfric.
Type viii.
^'EDP ED re:-I
^PVLFRIC OH SEEA-F Wulfric.
I
Wt. 19-2.
[PL xxvm. G.]
Type ix.
•^EADPEARD REX I J^PVLFRIC ON SCEFANGLO AVt. 20-2.
Type .\i.
•tEADPAR- RD RE|.i«/ELFP/ERD ON
coC/ETEWt. 20-2.
Wt. 20-2.
Wulfric.
^Ifwcard.
»i«CODEcoBRAND ON coE Godesbrand.Wt. 20-0.
EADPARD RE
EADPARD REX
Type XV.
I
^SODRIC ON SEEAFIWt. 200.
Type xvi.
I
•I'SODEBBRAND ON 3I
M't. 200.[PI. XXVllI. 7.]
Godric.
Godesbrand.
EDWAIID THE CONFESSOR. 427
No.
1176
Obverse. Reverse. Moneyer.
SCROBESBYRIG.[Shrewsbury.]
Type V.
i^EDPE -RD REX-.- i^/ELFEH ON SCREOBE ^Ifch.AVt. 25-2.
1177 i^EDPE: -RD REX: I-LEOFSTAN ONSEREOWt. 230.
1178 »^EDRE: -RD REX J-LEOFPINE ONSEREO:Wt. 250.
Ty2}e v. var. h.
1179 ^'EDPE: -RD REX
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
^'PVLM/ER ONSCREOB:
AVt. 190.
Leofbtan.
Lcofwine.
Wulmser.
•*EDPE D RE-
Ty2)e vii.
i^^LEOFSTAN ON WCROI Wt. IGO.
Type ix.
EADPARD REX AH6L-|
^^LEOFSTAM OH SEROI
Wt. 20-8.
Type xi.
•tEADPAR RD RE i'GODPINE ON wCROWt. 22 0.
Leofstan.
Lcofatan.
Godwinc.
»J«EADPAR- „ „ i^PVDEMAN ON[a)]EOB Wudcman.(Pierced.)
„ coEOBWt. 18 0.
Wt. 20-2.
•128 en(;land.
No.
118G
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
HHEADPAR RD RE
npvprso.
J-PVLM/ER ON coEOBEWt. 20G.
Type XV.
EADPARD REX I »^EARNPI ©N SR0PI
Wt. 20-1.
[IM. XXVIII. 8.]
SEREBYRIG, Etc.
[Saliflbury.]
Tijpc ix.
EADEARD REX AN6L0- «i«60DERIC ONlERBIRSE:
Wt. 18 4.
»» »
EADPARD REX AM6LO
(Broken.)
SERB1R6EWt. 20-2.
Wt. 20-4.
EADVVEARDVS EX ^SODRIC ON SEARBIRNSLO Wt. 16-4.
Type xi.
•tEADPAR RD RE I "I'CODRIC ON wERBVI
Wt. 19-5.
[Pi. XXVIII. 9.]
«1«S0DRIC: ONCOERBVR:
Wt. 190.
EADPARD REX
REX:
Type XV.
^SIEBODE ON SEAIWt. 17-0.
II I) SERB:Wt. 18-5.
Moneyer.
WulmsBf.
Earnwig ?
Goderic or
Godric.
Godria
Sigebode.
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 429
No.
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
Obverse. Reverse.
SNOTINGAHAM.[Xottiugliam.]
Type ii.
^EDPR- RD RE I •i^ALHHVND A SNOI
AVt. 12-9.
[PI. XXVIII. 10.]
•i<EDD; 5> >> ^wNOTER ON CONWt. lG-6.
^EDPE D RE'I^
jSIoneyer.
Alhmund.
Snoter.
Type iii.
i-BL-ACMAN ON SNOTI Blacman.Wt. 16-2.
I<EDPER„ „Var. Pellet before
head.
«i«BLACMAN ONSNOTIHWt. 17-5.
Type V.
i-EDPER -D REE-X: »J<HALDENE ON SNOT-."Wt. 2(5-5.
[PI. XXVIII. 11.]
*EADPA[RD] RE
REX A
Type xiii.
»i«ARNCRI[M] ON SN(Broken.)
»i<FORMAN ON SNOWt. IGO.
1204
ST/EFFORDA.[Stafford.]
Typt^ V.
^•EDPE: -RD REX ^ELFRIC ONST/EFORDE
Wt. 17-5.
[I'l. XXVIII. 12]
Ilaldeno.
Amgrim.
Furman.
Elfric.
430 EN(1LAM».
No.
EDWARD TUE CONFESSOR. 431
Obverse.
1216 •i'EADRARARD RE^ A
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1221
1225
1226
1227
1228
Reverse.
^^DIORMAN O.N wT/EWt. lG-7.
Moneyer.
Diorman.
Type XV.
EADPARD REX A I ^DERMON ON ST/EN ' Dermon.
IWt. 19 0.
[PI. XXIX. 1.]
RE ^GODPINE ON ST/E Godwine.Wt. 20-4.
STANFORD.[Stamford.]
4«EDPE RD RE
4*EDE-.- „ „
^EDPI „ „
•J^EDP „ „
i'EDPE „ „
^EDPER D REX
4<EDPE: D REX
^EDPER: D RE'i'
•i^EDRER „ „
Type ii.
"i'ARFRA ON STA: ArfraWt. 15-4. l(=^ifara?).
"J-DODDINE ON S-- Godwine.Wt. 14-0.
tCODPINE ON S:Wt. 15-7.
^LEFPINE ON STAI: Leofwine.Wt. 13-7.
}<LEOFPINE ON STAWt. 15-7.
Type iii.
•I-BRVUPIHE ON STA Brunwine.Wt. 140.
^EDPE-.- RD RE«I*
^EDPINN ONSTAN FOR
Wt. H-5.
•tL-EOERINE ON8TANF:Wt. 17-3.
tLEOFPINE ON 3TANFWt. 136.
"HAIARCIN OhH STANWt. 17-2.
[VI. XXIX. 2.]
Edwine.
Lcofwino.
Marcin orHanin(Martin).
•1.T2 ENGLAND.
No.
1229 "i-EDPE RD RE*
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
Monpycr.
.EDPER
i^PILERIF ON 8T7^NF: Wilcrif.
Wt. 140.
IlALFrENNY.
I* N STA-NI:
Wt. GO.
4^EPD PPNXACType iv.
I
*PVL-N0:O ON STAI:Wt. 147.
Wulno«.
Tijpe V.
i-EDPE- RD REX ^/ERFRE ON STANFOR:| ^rfreWt. 27-7. (cf. Arfra).
^EDPER -D REEX- »i-f=/ER6RIN ON8TANEF0
Wt. 26-5.
Type vii.
4«EDPER D REXVar. Sceptre termi-
nating in fleur-
de-lis.
i-BRVNPINE ON STAWt. 21-5.
EADPARD REXAH6L0V
EADPARD „
Type ix.
^^QODPIHE OH STANFWt. 20-9.
»i«LEOFRIE OH STAHFWt. 220.
Type xi.
"^EADPAR RD RE I ^OcoPARD ON coTANWt. 19-4.
EADPARP REX
EADPARD „
Type sv.
^BRVNPINE ON ST:Wt. 21-4.
M STAWt. 200.
i-SODPINE ON STAWt. 210.
^SPAREOLF ON ST:Wt. 19 2.
Faorgrim.
Brunwine.
Godwine.
Leofric.
Osward.
Brunwine.
Godwine.
Swarcolf •(:
Swartcol?).
EDWARD TUE COXFESSOR. 433
No. Obverse. Reverse. Moneyf-r.
SUOBYRIG.
[Sudbury.]
Type xi.
1242 : "^EADPARD RD RE I ^FOLCPINE ONI
C/3VPBVC"SVt. rj-0.
SUCGEPEORC.[Southwark.]
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
•I'EDPN: RD E-b:
I^EDPA RD E
Type ii.
«J<ELFPINE ON SVOEWt. 14-7.
^LIOFPINE ON SV€)AVt. 11-7.
Type iii.
»i«EDPAR D RE-i* I >i<L-EOFPINE ON SVO-:Wt. 14-5.
Type V.
fEDPR RD R-E^|4'EIOFRED ON coVCE :
Wt. 14-2.
Type vii.
»i«EDPER- D REX I'LEOFRED ON SVOCVar. Sceptre termi-
nating in fleur-
de-lis.
^EDPE- D REXVar. Scei)tro termi-
nating iu lieur-
de-lis.
[Tl. XXIX. 3.]
AVt. lilO.
^O.roMVND ON SVCE-.Wt. 16 0.
1249 I'EDPAR- D REXVar. Sceptre termi-
nating in flciu:-
de-lia.
1250
VOL. II.
^OSMVND ON SV€)C:Wt. iy-5.
)> »Wt. 20-3.
Folcwine.
Elfwine.
Liofwino(Leol'wine).
Leofwiue.
Liofred
(Leyfrod).
Leofred.
Osmund.
2 1-
434 ENGLAND.
No.
i2:.i
i2:.2
i2r.3
1254
1255
1256
1257
Obvcrws.
4.EDPER D RE-
Moneycr.
EADPEARD REXANSLCOX
•i«SPETMAN ON SVOS]
Swctman.Wt. 20-G.
T>j]>' ix.
I-CODMAN ON SVOIE: Gorlman.Wt. 17G, I
EADPAR REX AMGLCW- fiOSMVUD 014 SVOD:\Vt. 20 G.
^EDDRD D. D.E
^EADPAR RD RE
EADRARD RE-
Tijpp xi.
' .^OcoMAND ON 8IDIi Wt. 20-2.
Osmund.
Osmund.
^coPETMAN ON coVOS: Swetman.Wt. 20-1.
Tijpe xiii.
I
»I<SODRIE- ON- SVDPWt. 16-5.
1258
1259
1260
4.EADPARD REX A- ! ^OcoMVND ON coVOE :
Wt. 14 8.
TAMPEORO.
[Tam\Yortb.]
^.EDP.E RD RE-
Ti/pe V.
I
>I</EDELPINE ON TAMPWt. 2i)-9.
Type xi.
4«EDPAR D RE- I 4^C0LINE ON TAMI
Wt. 20-9.
[PI. XXIX. 4.]
Godric.
Osmund.
EADPARD REType xiii.
I
-i-BRVNINC ON TAI
Wt. 140.
.^grelwina
Colinc.
Cruuiuc.
EDWARD THE CONFESSOK. -ioO
No.
436 EKOLANI).
No. I
R«'VPrH Moneyer.
Tijpf xi.
1'jr.y 4«EADPAR RD RE ^AcoTAN : ON PERINI: Aaten
IJTO +EADPA[R] RD RE
Wt. 20-5. (cf. JEstan).
^OVRaiTA[N ON P/E]RI puretan.(Broken.)
Ttji» XV.
T>7i 4.EADPARD REX I ^OEODRIE OH P/ER peodric.Wt. l'J-5.
PALINGAFORD.[Wallingfurd.]
Type iii.
1272 ; -t-EDPE: RD REX I ^BRIHTRIC ON PELINWt. 20 8.
Tijpe V.
1273 •i'EDPER -D REEX: I ^/EILPII ON PALINGEI
Wt. 24-8.
[PI. XXIX. 7.]
1274
1275 •I'EDPE -RD RE.X
^BRIHTRE ON PALWt 25-2.
^BRVNPINE ON PSWt. 2G-5.
Tiji>e \\\.
1276!
4*EDPER- D REX-Yiir. Sceptre tt-riui-
nating in tleur-
de-lis.
1277 ^EDPR-.- D REXVar. Sceptre termi-
nating in fleur-
de-lis.
1278 "tEDPA RD REI-
1279 ' 4'EDPn-.- D REXi
Var. Sceptre termi-
nating in rtiiir-
dc-lia.
•i^BRAND ON PALINGWt. 21 0.
•I-BRANND ON PELirC:Wt. 20-5.
'i'BRIHTRIIE ON PAL-IWt. 210.
•^BRIHTPINE ON PALIWt. 20 2.
Brihtric.
^ilwig?
Brihtric.
Brunwiue.
Brand.
Brihtric.
Brihtwine
.
EDWAUU THE CONFESSOR. 137
No.
438 ENGLAND.
No.
120J
12IIG
1297
1298
1299
1300
OliveiM.
•EADPARD RE-
Rcvenie. Monpycr.
^•PVLFPINE- ON PEA | Wulfwine.Wt. lG-4. I
Ttjp-- XV.
EADPARD REfX] I •t'BVREPINE ON PAWt. 19-8.
Type XV. vur. c.
EADPARD REX A I I-BRIHTM/ER ON PA:I
Wt. 20-5.
[ri. XXIX. 10.]
PECEDPORT.[Wfttchet.]
Type ii.
I^L-C ON CEPOR-I-
Wt. 10-7.
.i«VD: REE RE
Type vii.
4<EDPER D REXj
^LODCILD- ON PEEEl'((r. Sceptre termi- Wt. 21-7.
Dating in fleur-
de-lis.'
[PI. XXIX. 11.]
»i » >»
Var. Sceptro termi-
nating in fleur-
de-lis.
>» »Wt. 200.
PERHAM.[Warcham.]
Type i.
1301 ^EDPER-.- D REX- I •fSIDENAN ON PER-.-Wt. 16-5.
Type ii.
1302 4^EDP RD REX I «^ADECNTEP ON PEWt. 11-2.
1303 HhEDPAR D REType vii.
^SIDEMAN ON-PERHAI:Wt. l'.t-7.
Burcwino.
Brilitmfor.
Loc.
Godcild.
Sideman.
Uncertain.
Sideman.
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 439
1301
1305
130G
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
13H
^EADR- RD REI-Var. Sceptro termi-
nating in fleur-
de-lis.
^SIDEMAN ON PERI\Vt. 19-3.
Tijpr ix.
EADPARD REX AH6LO | fSIDEMAH OH PARNWt. 20-8.
Sideman.
^'EADPAR- RD RE
•i^EADPAR „ „
i<EADPAR-
^EADPAR
Tijpi' xi.
J^BIORN- ON PERHAM Biorn.
Wt. 20-8.I
•i^BIORN ON PERHAM :
Var. In two angles
of cross A X.
Wt. 180.
4<C0DEMAN OhPERH |Godcman.
Wt 17-3.
I'COIDEMAN ONPERHAWt. 20 0.
fPl. XXIX. 12.J
Type xiii.
^EADRARD RE II I "i^SIDEMAN PERHAWt. 15 2.
EADPARD REXTijpr XV.
^SIDEMAN ON PER:Wt. 200.
,, FERWt. 17 7
PIHRACEASTER ou PIGRAGEASTER.[Worcester.]
Ti/pr i.
Sideman.
Sidcnian.
Sideman.
•i^EPDER- D REX-A- »i*LEOFSTArj ON Lcofstan.
PIHR-.-Wt. 18-2.
Type ii.
^EDPA RD RE I I'CODPINE O Plh€- (lodwino.
Wt. 12 2.,
440 ENOLAND.
No.
1315
1316
ObverM. Revcrae. Moneycr.
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
•i-EDPAR- D REI
Typt" vii.
HHCARVLFON DIHEREC fianilf.
Var. Sccptro tormi- "\Vt. 20 2.
niiting in flcur-
do-lis.
[PI. XXIX. 13.]
JEOPARD- REX-.- l »J«PIICINNC ON PIHER- WicingVur. Scoptre tormi- "\Vt. 202.
nating in fleur-
de-lia. I
Tijiie ix.
EADPARD REX AUSLO ^/ELEPINE OH PICR ; ^gelwine.Wt. 20 6.
"Wt."21-4.
Type xi.
•i«EADPAR RD RE ^/ECELPME O^PIHREC ^gelwiiie.Wt. 21 2.
^LIOFcoTAN ON PIHRE Liofstan.
Wt. 20-1.
[PI. XXIX. 14.]
^PIEINEL ON PIHRECE Wicing.
Wt. 20- 1.
4<EADPARD REX A
RE:
Type xiii.
I</ELFPINE ON PIHR j^Ifwine.
Wt. 160.
^EASTM/ER ON PIH-Wt. 160.
PILTUNE.
[Wilton.]
Type i.
1324 ^'EPDER D REX -A- I ^LIFINCE ON PILTVN Lifinc.
I Wt. 16S. '
I [PI. XXX. 1.]
Eastmser.
EDWAED THE CONFESSOR. 441
No. Obverse. Reverse. Moneyer.
Type iii.
4<EDPE: -RD RE.X ,^ELFST7XN ON PILTV:Wt. 170.
1325
132G HhEDPE- RD RE :X
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
^EDPE: -RD REX.
^EDPE D REX
>) >> 11
^EDPAR- D REI-
•i'LIFINEC ON PILTVNWt. 17-6.
Type V.
Jh/ELFPINE ON PILTVar. G in uuc angleof cross.
Wt. 17-2.
Type vii.
»I^-/EL-FPI-N-E ON PILTWt. 19-8.
^/ELFPINE ONPIL-TE-.-Wt. 19-8.
t-ALFPOLD ON PILTVN Alfwold.Wt. 19-8.
„ PILTVNEWt. 198.
Var. Sceptre termi-
nating in lleur-
de-lis.
^EDPE- D RE
Elf'stnn.
Lifinc.
.^Ifwine.
uElfwine.
•i^DVRCILWt. 20-5.
•i^DVRECIL ON PILTWt. 200.
EADPARD REXANSLOV
Type ix.
"i^/ELFPINE ON PILT
1335;EADPEARD REX
ANGLO-
1336 EADVVEARDVS REXI
AN6L
1337 EADPARD REXAH6L0V(;
Wt. 19-8.
•^ELFPINE ONPILTVNEIC
Wt. 140.
"l^EFDPINE ONDILTVNEN
Wt 1G4.
ihALFPOLD ON PILTWt. 20 2.
Purcil.
.^Ifwine.
AlfwoUl.
[ri. XXX. 2.]
1338 EADPEARD REXAN6L0
,, PILTVNE-Wt ISO.
412 ENtiJ.AND.
No.
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 443
No. CH.vor^o. Rcvorse. M.jnoyor.
1356 •i'EADPAR RD RE
1357
1358
•EADPARD REX-
EDPARD RE[X]
1359 -EADPARD RE-
13G0
1361
•EADPARD „
•i^EADPARD REX-
1362
•Ill KXil.AM).
No.
i:i72
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
Obveno.
»PEDPN RD E
I«EDPA D HE
HhEDPA RD RE
*EDPER RD RE:
•i-EDPA „ „
^EDPEI RD RE
*EDP „ „
(Legend barbarous.)
Rcverec. Moneyer.
Txjjie ii.
p/ESTAN ON PIN: ^stan.AVt. 10-9.
I
I
"PBRVN ON DINE- Brun.Wi. 12 2.
j
PEDPIE ON PIN;Edwie.
Wt. 12 0.I
I-ELFSTAN ONPIN|
Elfstan.
Wt. 17-4.
^LEOFPINE ON PINI Leofwine.
"\Vt. 11-4. I
, PI
Wt. 11-2.
MFINE ON PINT: I Lifinc.
Wt. 150.
J^LIFINC ON FINDWt. 121.
IlALFrEWIES.
E R-D . . . -PLOC . . . . NC
^ RD RE:
Wt. 6-5.
. ... IN ONPINWt. 7 3.
Type iii.
•tEDPER -D REX: ••t'-CODPINE- ON PINZEWt. 170.
Loc.
Godwine.
„ REX- -I-LiFINE ON PINCEE Lifinc.
Wt. 15-8.
[n. XXX. 4.]
Tijpe iv.
13S4 .frEDPeRD REX AUG I ^ELPINE : ON PINE : Elwine.Wt. IG 4.
Type V.
1385 4<EDP RD REX '»P/ELFPINE ON PINCE:' ^Ifwine.
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 445
Obverse. Moneyer.
1386 ^EDPE: RD REX
1387 >^EDPR- RD RE«I<
1388I
.^EDPI RD REX1
1389 ^EDPER: -D REEX
1390
1391 ^:ED-RE-RI D- REX:
^/ESTAN ON PINE:Vur. Limb-s of cross
united by onecircle only.
"Wt. 170.
^ESTAN ON PirCESTWt. 15-8.
»i«/E$TANN LOC OH PI
Wt. lG-8.
i-BRAND ONPINEESTR
Wt. 26-4.
Wt. 260.
.^stun or
Estan.
•I^BRIHTPOLD ONPINEE:Wt. 250.
P?l. XXX. 5.]
1392 ' I'EDPER- RD REXi
Var. Sceptre termi-
nating in iiuur-
de-lis.
1393 -^EDPR RD REX
1394 ^EDPE: -RD REX
1395 ' ^EDPER- D REX
1396 ^EDPER -D REX
1397 DiEFPE: RD REX
1398 ^EDPE-.- RD REX
•J^GODPINE ON PINEVfir. Limbs of cross
united by onecircle only.
Wt. 170.
HhLEOFPINE ON PINEVar. Pellet in oneangle of cross.
(Broken.)
-i-LIFINE ON PINEES:Wt. 15-8.
^LIOFINC ON PINGEcoTWt. 16-8.
^LOE ON PINEESTVar. Limbs of cross
united by onecircle only andpellet in oneangle.
Wt. 16-8.
•tLOE ON PlNEEcoT:Wt. 170.
•i-LOE ON PINEESTRV(ir. Limbs <>f cross
united by onecircle onlv.
Wt. 24-8.
^stan andLoc.
Brand.
Brihtwold.
Godwine.
Leofwine.
Lifinc.
Loc.
IK! KNCl.AM).
law
1400
HUl
1402
1403
1404
1405
ObvvrM.
^i^L^UP: ARD RE
4«EDPE: RD REX:
Iteverso.
^PIDICA ON PINCEST:Wt. 170.
l-PYNSTAN ONPINCEST.-.
\V(. 20 1.
Type vii.
•i-EDPER- D REI- ,«i</ELFPINE ON PINCEcoVar. Sceptre termi- i
Wt. 200.
nnliiif^ iu llcur-
dc-litj.
•J'EDPER D REX 4^/ELFPINE ON PINZE^:Viir. Sctptrc tcrmi- Wt. 20-7.
iirttiug iu dcur-
dc-lis.
„ RE-
*EDPER- D REX
„ RE-Var. Sceptre termi-
nating in lieur-
de-liri.
„ PNCESWt. 20o.
i>f/E03TAN ON PINEEcoTWt. 200.
«i«/ESTAN ON PINCESTWt. 20 5.
1406I -i>
1407
„ REX "i^/ESTAN ON PINCESTIVar. Sceptre termi- I Wt. 19-8.
natin.sr in fleur-
de-li.^.
4-EDPER D RE-Var. Sceptre tcrmi-natiug in Henr-de-lis.
1408i
*EDPER-
1409
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 447
No.
i:N(iL.\M).
No. Obvprno.
1130 •+EDPER- D REXVitr. Sco|itrc tirini-
tuitiiig in flour-
(l( -lirt.
H3l ^'EDPERD- REX-Viir. Socjitrc tormi-
naling in tlcur-
de-lia.
1482 EDDER-.- D REXVar. Sci ptro t( rmi-
nating in tlciir-
dc-iia.
1433 ^EDPE-
1434 •i'EDPAR D REX-Var. Sceptre termi-
nating in fleur-
de-lis.
1435 ! -i^EDPER „ „Var. Sceptre termi-
nating in fleur-
de-lis.
1436 "tEDPE D RE-Var. Sceptre termi-
nating in fleur-
de-lis.
1437
1438
1439
Var. Sceptre termi-
nating in fleur-
de-lis.
•i«EDPER D REXVar. Sceptre termi-
nating in fleur-
de-lis.
Moneyer.
4.L-ADM/ER ON PINCE:Wt. 20 7.
I-LIFINC ON PINCE3 i Lifiuc.
Wt. 20-2.
^^LICINi: ON PINEEcoT^\'t. 10-8.
i^L-IFINE ON PINCEST."\Vt. lS-4.
^LIFINi: ON PINEESTRWt. 200.
^LIFIND ON PINCECOTWt. 200.
•i^PIDTt ON PINCESI:Wt. 20-5.
i«PID;X DN PINCESI:Wt. 20-7.
4^PIDi7^ ON PINCESTIWt. lS}-4.
Widia.
Type vii. var. h.
^EADPE RD REX ANj^SARVLF ON PINERE
IWt. 200.
[n. XXX. 7.]
Garulf.
Type ix.
IIU) EADPEARD REX ^/ELFPINE ON PINCE ^IfwincAN6L-: Wt. 19-S. i
1441 EADVVEARDVS REXANDLO
„ PINCESWt. 21 4.
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 449
No. Obverse.
1442 EADPEARD REX -i^/ELFPINE ON PINES:AN6L-:: i Wt. IT'?.
1443i
EADVVEARDVS REX -^/ESTAN ON PI1NCE$ANCL Wt. 21-2.
Muueycr.
Ji]staD.
1444
1445
144G
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
„ ANCLO "^/EOESTAN ON PNEESj ^^estan.Wt. 2 10.
EADPEARD REX AN6L- ^^ANDERBOD ON PIN
I
Wt. 21-4.
i^ANDERBODA: ON PI:
I
Wt. 200.
„ „ ANS-I
»^ANDERBODA ONPINCE
Wt. 18-8.
„ „ AN6L-, ^ANDERODA- ON PINO! wt. 19-8.
EADVVEARDVS REXANDLO
i<BIRIHTM/ER- ONPINCE
Wt. 200.
Anilerboda.
Brilitmajr.
I't'BRIHTM/ER- ON PINGANGLO
I
Wt. 210.
REX:i
•PBRIFTMEHR- ONPINCESWt. 18 7.
EADPARD EX HN6L j I-DODPINE ON PINE: Goilwiiio.' Wt. 19-8.
1453 EADPEARD REX AN6L- :ONn NO •BNISaOO'i':
wt. 190.
1454 EADRPARD REX AN »I«CODPINE ON P:1NC:Wt. 200.
1455 EADPEARD REX AN6L- 4<C0DP!NEi ON PINE :
Wt. 18-4.
1456
1457
1458
1459
EADVVEARDVS REX «I«60DPINE ON PIN6ESVCLO AVt. 2 10.
[PI. XXX. 8.]
' I^LIFINE ONN PINEEANGLO : Wt. 210.
^LIFINC ON PINCE3TWi. 21-4.
•i^SPRACELINC ONPING:
Wt. 2 16. :
Li fine.
Sprnctliiic.
2 a
i:.«> i:n<»lani>.
No.
IIGO •i'EADPAR RD RE
IIGI
HG2
1103
14G4I
't'EADPARD „
1465I
•t'EADPAR-
UG6 ^EADPAR
14G7
Moneyor.
14G8
HG9
1470
1471
1472
1473
Tijpii xi.[///)«
p/ELFPINE ON PINCE vKlfwin.
Wt. 1S«.
ONPINCECOWt. 20 1.
ON PINCEwTWt. I'JG.
„ PINCcoWt. 20 0.
4^ANDERB0DA ON PIN Antlcibodu.
Wt. l'J-4.
^ANDERBODE ONPIf^:Wt.lS -2.
ONPirCE!Wt. 20-4.
fBRIHTM/ER ON PIMIE Brihtrnjcr.
Wt. 2U-4.
•}<60DPINE ON PINCE Goawine.Wt. 20-4.
I-DODPINE ON PlIvCEco
Wt. l'J-2.
^GODPINE: ON PINEWt. 20-4.
LADPA RD REX
EADPEARD REX ANS-Var. Inscription con-
tinuous from left
to riirht.
1474 ^EDPAR- RD RE
1475 "tEADPA- „ ,.
147G; EADPARDE- RD R
1177 4-EADPAR- RD RE
Wt. 200.
«1<LE0FP0LD- ON PIN! Leofwold or
Wt. 19 8. LiofwoLL
„ pinceIwt. 19-8.
^LEOPOLD ON PINCEWt. 200. I
^'LIOFPOLD ONPINCE '
Wt. 192.j
„ ONPINCEOJWt. 190. I
I
ON PINIEcoTiWt. 19 4.
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 451
Obvei'sc.
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
EADPEARD REX ANS-Var. lusciiptiun con-
tinuous from left
to riKht.
JEOPARD RD RE
l^EADPAR- „ „
"^EADPARD,, „
EADPARD RE-
«1<EADPARD REX D
•EADPARD RE:
I) 1)
RE-
4* „ REX:
)> )>
EADPARD REX A:
REX-
•EADPARD RE>1<
Reverse.
"tLIOFPOLD ONPINEECOTWt. 19-4.
Moneycr.
Spracelincor-J^COPRARELINC:O^PINEE: I Spracoliiii
Wt. 19 4.
HhcoPRAEELirCONPINIE:Wt. 19 7.
•tcoPRAELIHD ONPINCE:Wt. 190.
Type xiii.
J^./ELFPINE ON PI: iElfwino.Wt. 1(] 7.
•ZANDER BODA ON P Andcrboda.Wt. 15-8.
>I«ANDERBODE- ON PI
Wt. 17-7.
Wt. 17 4.
•^HEOEPVLF ON PIC ll^Srwulf.Wt. l(J-4.
'i'LEOFPOLD ON PIN LcofwoM.Wt. liM.
„ PNWt. 17 9.
>1^LIFING ON PINE Lifin^ or
Wt. l(;-3. Liliui\
I-LIFNC „ PINCEM't. lG-2.
RE-
REX
I'LIFNC- ON PINEESWt. 17 2.
[IM. XXX. il.J
^^SPRAEALNG- ON PI SpracalinffWt. 10 0. or Spmcclino.
•I-SPRACELINE ON PWt. 15 3.
2 G 2
W>2 ENOliANl).
No. Obverse.
EDWARD TlIK CONFESSOR. 453
No.
1512iEADPARD RE
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
RE.
RE
R
Moneyer.
•i^LIFINE ON riNEE:Wt. IGl.
Wt. 180.
riNPIIWt. 180.
4^SPRACEL1NC ON P 1 Spraccliuc.
Wt. 18G.
^SFRAEELINS ON ;
Wt. 101.
^SPRAEELINS ON PI
Wt. IG 1.
., PINWt. 10 5.
EADPARD REType xvii.
I
•i'SPEARTlNS ON PI
Wt. 18-5.
PINCELSEA.[Wiiicliclsca.]
Swcarliii'i
Ti/pe xi.
1520 t'EADPAR D RE|i'COLDPINE OhPirCELE' Goldwiue.
I
Wt. 20-2.
[PI. XXX. II.]
OEODFORD.[Tliftford.]
I Type i.
l.Vil ^EDPER D REX A: I ^ELSIJE ONN OEOI
AVt. 14-3.
I
[PI. XXX. 12.]
1522 „ A-I
>^ESTMVND ON £)EO:Wt. 170.
1523 ^EDPE RD Rl
Type ii.
1 "^ELFRIC ON CE! Wt Ii;t;
Elfsie?
E.stiiiiiiiil.
Elfri.
454 ENGLAND.
No.
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 455
No. Obverse. Reverse.
Type Y.
Jloneyer.
1539 -i-EDPER -D REX-
1540
1541
•I'EDPE -RD REX:
"^/EIL^IE ON OEODFO: iEilsio.
Wt. 24-9.I
^ESTMVND ON -DEO ' Estmund.Wt. 2G-8.
'i'E^'i'MVND ON GEOWt. 25-8.
Type vi.
1542 •^EDPER D REEX: [ J-SODELEOF ON OEOT Godeleof.I Wt. 17-8.
[Pi. XXX. 14.]
1543
1544
1545
154(5
Type vii.
•i<ED[P]ER D RE ^BL-ARERE ONeiTFORWt. 170.
Blarore(of. Blacer).
't'EDPE- D REX ' -^CODELEOF ON £)EOT Gclclcof.
F((r. Sceptre termi- Wt. 20-7. i
uating in tleur-
de-lis.
•I-EDPER -D RE-Var. Sceptre termi-
nating in tleiir-
de-lis.
i^EDDER D RE
•^LEOFPINE ON OEOTAVt. 20-2.
^LIFPINE ON OIDFORWt. I'J G.
Leofwine or
Lifwiue.
1547 -^EADPER RD RE
1548 ^•EDPAt D RE-
i
1549 I-EADPAR RD RE
1550 I^EDPARD ERE
1551 tEADPAR RD REX
1;)52 HhEDPARD RD RE
Tyjie xi.
•i<ATcV)ERE ON PIODFOIWt. lit 0.
I
-I-BLACER ON GETFO1
Wt. I'J 1.1
"J^FOLEERD ON•DATFOR :
AVt. 1!I2.
I
•1«C>ELIC: ON PIODFODWt. 17-5.
^coVMERLIDE'
ONPIODFOWt. 2 10.
4«SVMRED ON £)ETWt. I '.to.
Atsere.
Blacer.
Folcerd.
(Jwelie
( = Uudelif?).
Sumorlodrt.
4r>i; ENCiLAM).
No.
1551
1555
15:16
1557
1558
155D
(iLvrr-.-.
4*EADPAR RD RE
RevrrM.
^'SVMRLEO ON OET:\\ t. Ill 2.
Moneycr.
^'EADPAR RD REX ?PVnFVRP ON PIODFO M'mfurdAVt r.t;t. (cf. purfuriS).
Ti/pt' xiii.
+EADPARED REX-,
-^/ELFPINE ON OETF ^Ifwine.I Wt. 18-3.
EADPARD REX-
^EADPARED REX
1560
15CI
15G2
1563
"fATSER ON DETF Atsere.
AVt. ](;0.
•l^GODRIC ON OETFO Go<lric.
^Vt. IGO.
•i-EADPARD REX-^ pSVMRD ON OETFOR Suiucrleda.
AVt. 111.I
Type XV.[
EADPARD REX,-^eODPI ON OETFORDI Godwine.
! Wt. IS 0.i
UNCERTAIN MINTS.
1564
'i'DERE RD RE
'I'EDPE RD RE
^EDPA-.- RD E
HhEDPER D REX-
Type ii.
'I'ELEIPREHPHIOAVt. 12-5.
•1-HORCEP ON EDFar. Ptlkt in oneangle of cro.-s.
Wt. 150.
Uncertain.
Uncertain.
'i'PIDRED ON RTF: ' Widred.Wt. 10-4.
Type iv.
•l^L-IFINC ON SPES* Lifinc.
1 '(( r. Cresoi'iit at
end of each limbof cross enclosingpellet.
I Wt. 15-G.
^-EDPE- RD REXType V.
I
^HLIHHHOCHFHIII-I
Wt. 180.Uncertain.
• Ipswich ?
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 4.')
No.
4^8
EDWAED THE CONFESSOR. 459
Obverse.
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
^ED
[I-jEDPE
RE
. . . . E .
. . . . AR
I-ED . .
RD
Reverse.
SBRWl. 3 0.
Type iii.
t-PVL
Moneyer.
Wulfwino.
INE
PINE
Wt. 4-0.
Wt. 3-6.
Wt. 2-7.
NE ON . .
Wt. 30
E ON MWt. 5-0
E ON NWt. 30
( 1(10 )
HAROLD II.
Succ. A.p. G Jan. lOGG; Dikd a.d. M Oct. lOCC.
Moncyers.
iTl^'oIwino (Fl.-li., I.cic, Tholf.).
M<>r!w [ = vi:ifwme] (Tliet/.).
yKir>,'cat(Lim!.).
.•/•-V/MnS [" Cni "=Chehca ?].
yKlVwiCK] (Oxf.).
ilOlfwinc or Elfwinn (Prist., Ciiiit.,
(.'liioli., Tpsw., WiiirliCHt.).
.il':ifwnl<l or Alf\v(>l(l(Wilt.).
JE\giVT [ef. Aldgar] (Lond.).
Agamunil.AUl'^txT (Lond.).
Alidf (York).
Al/ried.
Alt'.- me nlso JEU.-Almcr [= Ulincr? cf. Wulmcr] (Line).Alxxi [=.T:ifsii,r?](Chest.).
Andcrluidii (Windiest.).IMiuroiufin.
IJrihtinair (WaUingf.).Jlrihtiioi {Ghmc).IJrihtric (Exot., Taunt.).
Jirilitiri [= Briiitwine].
Ilrilitwold (Oxf. ;.
l?ruinmon (Ipsw.).
]?nin\viiic (Stamf.).
lUirpwinc (Wallingf.).
Cfiitwine or Guntu-ine ("Wilt.).
Ceorl (Brht.).
Cinstan (Dover).Colman.Chi,:Dornion[= pcrmon?] (Steyn.).Kudward.Enstna^r (Wiiicbost.).
Edric (Ilcref.).
Edwino (Caut., Hfref., Lond.).J:ij,ri [ = ]-:ifwifr or Elfwinc] (Herrf.).Elfwino, sc( ..Elfwine.Knjnd.ICrncetcl [ = Arncctel] (York).Folrir.
Foriia (Nott.).
For^ii.
Vtvq [= Froma?] (Derby),Gcrctin.
G<xii\4)rand.
(iodric (Lond., Shaft., Thctf.).Godwine (Chich., Hunt., Lewes, MaJd.,
•Vorif.).
Onhlmnn.(Jfldwino (Windiest.).H.aJ'cwi (Wincbcst.).
locctel or lor.it'l (York).Leisinc [=Leifinc?] (York).Ltn/rie ( Ware).Tjoofsi [ = L' orwige](Ijond.).
Leof.-itan (Hodi., S(juthainp.).
Lo ifward (Lowch).Leufwine (IJrist., KkcL, liorh., Stamf.).
Leofwoid ((iiiild., AVindicst,).
Litinc or LufKnc (Exct., Warw., Win-diest.).
l\Ianna 'Xott.).
Or^ric ((iloiu-.).
Osninnd (Lond., South w.).
Oswold (I-ewes).
Ou^hvaru (York).
Ou?grim (York).Out;ulf(York).Rentwine [ = Keutwiue or Ccnt\vine?J
(Wilt.)
jBo.-'c.C/ ( Yorh).
Sajwiue (Southamp ).
SentictHP, spfi Centwine.Sigod (Bedf ).
Snasbeorii or Sneheorn (Colch., Yuik).Sprac( ling (Windiest.).
Sueman [.<w also Swctman] (Lend.).Sutere (York).
Swcarling, si-e Swearting.Swearlciil or Sicartcol (York).Swearting, Sweartling, &c (Wallingf.,
Winchest.).
Swetman or Sicfman (Lond., South-amp., Warch.).
Ulfcetel (York).Urstan, sir PurstanWdtrman (Wurc).Wiiute.
Winus (Wilt.).
Wulfgiat (Gloup.).
WuIjJ or AVulfwi [= Wulfwig orWulfwinc] (Carubr., Coleb.).
IViiIfmxr, Wulmar, ic. (Line, Eomn.,Shrews.).
TTul/red (Cant).Wuifward (Dover, Li>nd.).
"Wulgar [Wulfgar] (Lond.).Wulm.vr, ,<»-»' Wulfnixr.J.^eixlred (Hast.).
"
pennon [= Dcrmon?] (Steyn.).pi/rcj/.
purged (Thctf.).
purttan (Xorw.).
HAROLD 11.
DEScniPTioN OP Types.
4G1
Obverse. Reverse.
Type i.
Head 1., wearing aiclicd crown fromwhicli (lepi'nd two fillets; in front,
6ci;i)tre, poiuiuee. Around, inscrip-
tion : outer circle.
[Cf. PI. XXXI. 1.]
Across field and l^etwecii two lines,
P 7X X. Around, inscription betweentwo circles.
Similar : no sceptre.
Type i. var. a.
I
Same.[Cf. ri. XXXI. 4.]
Tijpe i., var. b.
Similar; head r. ; in front, sceptre, I Similar; inscription in field, retro-
i;)omnK'c.|
grade.
[Cf. PI. XXXII. 5.]
Description of Coins.
No. Obverse. Reverse.
BEDEFORD.[Bedford.]
Typei.
«I«HAROL-D REX AN6L,
i«SI60D ONBEDEFORL
I
Mt. "JIO.
[PI. XXXI. 1]
BRICGSTOP.[Bristol.]
Type i.
i-HAROLD REX AN6- I I-LEOFPINE ON BRIWt. 20-5.
Muncycr.
Sigod.
Leofwinc.
4(V2 KNCil.ANI).
No. Obvorao. Revcrac. Moneycr.
C/ENTPARABYRIG.[( 'iuitfrl)iiry.]
Type i.
•J 4«HAR0LD REX I ^-EDPINE ON CANTI Edwinc.ANGLO 1
M't. 20-8.,
[I'l. XXXI. 2.] I
„ ANS:I
I-ELFPINE ON EAN : ' Elfwine.Wt. 217.
CICESTRIE.
[Chichester.]
Type i.
•^HAROLD REX T^NC 1 J^/ELFPINE ON CICEl JElfwine.Var. No fillets to "\Vt. 20 3.
,
crown. I
[PI. XXXI. 3.]
Al HhSODFINE ON EICE: Godwine.Wt. 217.
COLECEASTRE.[ColcLcster.]
Type i. var. a.
^-HSROLD REX SN6L -^PVLFPI ON COLEC Wiilfwi,
Wt. 20-2. (Wulfwig or
AVulfwine).
,. COLEIE$TWt. iy-5.
DEORABY.[Dcrl.y.]
Type i.
9 ' 'p'HAROLD REX AC.-.|^FRON ON DEORBI > Fron
IWt. 210. (= Froma?).
HAROLD II. 463
Obverse. Reverse.'
DOFERAN.[Dover.]
Type i. vnr. a.
•^HAROLD REXAN6L0RVI
Var. Inner circle
around bust.
4^CINSTAN ON DOFIA\t. 20-8.
^HAROLD REX AN6L ^PVLFPVRD ON DOVur. X 7X q
i Wt. 20 3.
[PI. XXXI. 4.]
EOFERFIC.[York.]
Type i.
^HAROLD REX AN6I -^ALEOF ON EOFERi
Alcof.
Wt. 17-5.
Moneyer.
Cinstan.
Wulfward.
AN6L I^ERNEETEL ON EOF ErncefelWt. 20-3. ( = Arncetel).
AN6I "MOCETEL ON EOFER: loectel.
Wt. 21-5.,
AN6L ^-lOCETL ON EOFERWt. 22-7.
^LEISINE ON EOFRI LcisincWt. 21o. ( = Leitinc?).
[n. XXXI. 5.] I
•^HAROLD REX ANG | ^OVCGRIM ON EOF Oirl'-rim.
Wt. 22 0.
18 "t'HAROLD REXI [AN]6L| f-OVCVLF ON EOFERP OuiSulf.
Wt. 21 2.
19
20
2]
AN6L
„ ANGLO
'i'SN/EBEORN ON EON Sn.-cbcorn.
Wt. 20-2.
Wt. 21-5.
•I«3VTERE ON EOFER Sutere.Wt. 21 2. i
It; IKSCI.WI).
Moneyer.
22 +HAROLD REXI AN6L0 -^eVTERE ON EOFER
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
AN6L -i-BPEARTCOL ON EOl ! Swcartcol.Wt. 20-7. '
ANS ^-VLFCETEL ON EOF Ulfcetel.
Wt. 20 0.
EXECESTER.[Exeter.]
Type i.
4.HAR0LD REX AN,|^LEOFDINE ON EXEC
I
AVt. 210.
Type i. vnr. a.
^HAROLD REX ANGL-.-
„ AN6L
^BRIHTRIC ON EXEWt. 20 0.
i-LIFINE ONEXECESTR
Wt. 20-5.
Leofwine.
Brihtric.
Lifinc.
^gelwine.
GIFELCEASTER.[Ilchcster.]
Type i.
}<HAROLD REX ANGL I -^/EGLPINE ON 6IFELCWt. 200.
^HAROLD REX 1\6 J.IESLPINE ON GIF' Wt. 200.
Type i. rar. a.
i<HAROLD REX 1 -l^/EGLPINE ON GIFE: i ^gehvine.SNGLO
IWt. 20-2.
[I'l. XXXI. 0.]
GILDEFORDA.[Guildford.]
Type i.
81 »i<HAROLDE ANGL- I I'LEOFPOLD ON 6ILDII
Wt. 19-3.
[PI. XXXI. 7.]
Leofwold.
HAROLD II. 4(55
No.
466 ENGLAND.
No.
:»
Obvone. Revene. Moneycr.
Tijjtr i. r(ir. n.
4«HAR0LD REX AN6L0 I -i^LEOFSTAN ON HA I LcofataD.
I
Wt. 212.,
[Pi. XXXI. 10]
H/ESTINGA.
[Hustings.]
Tijpe i.
•10I
-t-HAROLD REX I "I-OEODRED ON /ESTAN6L0
IWt. l'J-7.
HEREFORD.[Hereford.]
41
puodrcd.
42
43
44
Type i.
•I'HAROLD REX 7\N6 "I^EDRIC ON Edric.
HEREFORWt. 20 G.
HUNTENDUNE.[Huntiugdou.]
Type i. var. a.
^'HAROLD REX AN6 •1<60DYINE ON Godwine.HVNIEDWt. 213.
[I'l. XXXI. 11]
L/EPES.
[Lcwfs.]
Ti/pi i.
+HAROLD REX AN: •i-60DPINE ON LEPE: Godwine.Wt. 21 U.
j
„ ANIO ^LEOFFARD ON ' Loofward.LEPE:Wt. 20 S.
,
[I'l. XXXI 12.]I
HAROLD II. 4G7
No.
45
47
48
49
50
51
52
Obverse.
'i'HAROLD REX AN6L-
Reverse. Moneyer.
i^OSrOLD ON LEPEIWt. 2 10.
4G •i'HALOLD REX ANS "fO^POLD ON LEPEEI1 Wt. 210.
LEHERCEASTER.[Leicester.]
Oswold.
Tijiw. i.
^HAROLD REX Al I i^/EeLPlNE ON LEHRI iEgclwiuo.
I
Wt. 20-2.
[PJ. XXXIL L]
LEIGECEASTER.[Chester.]
Tijx>e i.
HhHAROLD REX AN- I ^^ALXXI ON LLE6EC Alxxi
I
Wt. 210. ( = ^lfsig?).[PI. XXXII. 2.]
LINCOLNE.[Lincoln.]
Type i.
^HAROLD REX Al ^/ELFGEAT ON\ ^Ifgcat.
LINCOIWt. 20 0.
Wt. 100.
I-HAROLD REX AN6L : CALMER ON LINCO AimerWt. 220. ( = rimer?
cf. Wuliiiir).
AN6L i^PVLMER „ „ WulmerWt. 231. (Wulfmror).
rri. XXXII. 3.] I
2 u 2
lf)8 KNULANI).
No.
HAROLD II. 469
No.
170 ENOLANI).
No.
70
80
81
82
83
81
ObYtne. Reverse. Moneyer.
ROFECEASTER.[Unclicstcr.]
Type i.
l«HAROLD REX ANGL-: 4<LE0FcnTAN ON ROFI lAoktan.Wt. 2 10.
'
[PI. XXXII. G.]
RUMENEA.[Romney.]
Typp i. rnr. n.
I«HAROLD REX AN6L J-PVLM/ER ON RVMEIi
WulmscrWt. 18-5. (Wulfinjcr).
SCEFTESBYRIG.[Shaftesbury.]
Type i.
•i<H7\R0LD REX TN60 ^SODRIE ON SCEFTES Godric.
i Wt. 180.
[PI. XXXII. 7.]
SNOTINGAHAM.[Nuttingliaru.]
Type I
•I'HAROLD REX AN6L: "^FORNA ON SNOTIh[
AVt. 200.
„ AN6-L MVIANNA ON ZNOTI Wt. 17-3.
Fornfi?
Manna.
ST/ENIG.
[Steyning.]
Type i.
'I'HAROLD REX ANGLOi •t'DERMON ON ST/ENI DormonI Wt. 21 o. ()?ermou?).
[PI. XXXII. 8.] I
HAROLD II. 471
No.
85
86
Obverse. UeverBC.
STANFORD.[Stamford.]
^HAROLD REX ANSL
"^HAROLD REX SN
Tyjyei.
pBRVNriNE ON STAWt. 21 3.
'i'LEOFPINE ON STANWt. 21-8.
IMunpycr.
Brunwine.
Loofwino.
87
SUDGEPEORC.[Southwark.]
Type i.
•^HAROLD REX ANGLO »^OSMVND ON SVDEP O.smund.
!Wt. 177.
P/ERINCPIC.
[Warwick.]
89
Type i.
^HAROLD REX AN6LO «i«LVFFINC ON PEARP!
Wt. 21-2.
[PI. XXXII. 0.]
PALINGAFORD.[Walliiigford.]
Type i.
^HAROLD REX ANGLO' ^^BVRCPINE ON PALINWt. 20 0.
[I'l. XXXII. 10.]
Luffinc
( = Liiinc).
Burgwine.
t-HAROLD REX ANG I fSPEARTLINL ON PAL Swcartlmg.Wt. 20 5.
•172 ENGLAND.
No. Obvorao. Bcvornc
PERHAM.[Wurclmm ]
I Trjpc i.
91 I •i'HAROLD REX 7\N I ^SPEMAN ON FERHWt. r.) 0.
FILTUNE.
[Wilton.]
92
93
94
95
9G
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
Type i.
^HAROLD REX AN ; •i'/ELFPOLD ON PILT
Moncycr.
Swetman.
i^lfwold or
\\'t. 200.,Alfwold.
•i^/ELFPOLD ON PILTIWt. 19-2.
„ „ AN6L
„ AN6L
^"HAROLD REX 7\NI
•i-HAROLD REX AN6L
»i«HffROLD REX ANI
,, T^N
•^HAROLD REX ANG-L- "i^ALPOLD „
„ PI LTVWt. 180.
©N PITVWt. 18-5.
ON- PITVIWt. 200.
t'/ELPOLD ON PILTVIWt. 19-4.
I-ALFPOLD ON PILTVWt. 19 7.
Wt. 19-4.
•^HAROLD REX AN6L I'EENTPINE ON PITIWt. 18 8.
[PI. XXXII. 11]
•J«HAROLD REX AI PITAlWt. 19 :>.
't'HAROLD REX AN6L ^CENPINE ON PILT:Wt. 190.
•^HAROLD REX 1\\ •I-G/ENTPIHE OH PI
Wt 201.
Centwinc.
HAROLD IT. 473
Obversp. Rfvcrsc. Moneyer.
•I-HAROLD REX Al »i«RENTPINE ON I R(ntwine(=PILTVN Kentwiue?).Wt. 20- 1.
I-HAROLD REX AN60L f'PlNVS ON PILTIA i Winus.Wt. 10-9.
7^1 4«PINVS ON PILTVN\Vt. 201.
PINGEASTRE.[Winchester.]
Tupe i.
I«H7\R0LD REX aN i ^/ELFPINE ON PINEWt. KJO.
„ AN6L ^ANDERBODE ON PWt. 11)7.
All I'ANDERBODE ON PI
Wt. 17-4.
„ Pll
Wt. 180.
„ ANSL:' ^ETXSTN/ER ON PINI
Wt. ll)-5.
„ ANLO ' t'GOLDPIN PINCEEIWt. 19-8.
t'HAROLD REX AN6L;' ^HEADE>I ON >ICWt. 210.
„ ANS:j4^LE0FP0LD ON PIN
I Wt. 21-2.
[n. XXXII. 12.]
-iElfwiue.
Anderboda.
Eastnasr.
!Goldwinc.
I
IloatScwi.
' LcofwoM.
"l^HAROLD EX AN I-LEOFPOLD ON PIN!Wt. ISO.
•l-HAROLD REX AN6L t'LIFIC ON PINCE3T;
wt. 15-4.
All >^SPRACELIN6 ON P:Wt. 21 4.
7\N6 '^SPEARLING ON PI
Wt,210.
"l-HAROLD REX AN6L: •^SPEARTLING ON PI
Wt. 20 0.
Lifinc.
Pinaoclinp.
Pw( arlinij orS\vc;irtliiii:(cr.
Swoartinp).
171 ENGLAND,
No.
120
121
122
12:?
Obvorac. Rcvrrnc. Moneycr.
+HAROLD REX AN6L: 4<SPEARTINS ON PI Swcarling.Wt. ia-5.
OEOTFORD.[Tliotford.]
Type i.
«i-HAROLD REX N6LI-|-i^/EDEPiNE ON OITFO ^Egclwinc.
Wt. 20-0.j
„ ANG ' "^GODRIC ON OEOTI Gcxlric.
Wt. 20 7. I
124
125
4^€)VR60D ON GEOT.Wt. l.S-7.
UNCERTAIN MINT.
Tyi^ i.
^HAROLD REX ANG 1 I^BLAGEMAN ON I
(Broken.)
•i«BRIHTM/ER ON I
Wt. 20-0.
purged.
Blaceman.
Brihtmser.
INDEXES.
I.—GENEKAL INDEX.
*^* The uumbLrB in this Index, and in tlic following Indexes, refer to the
p(i(je in tlie Cutulogue.
A.
^Ifgifu, first wifo of .Ethelrcd II.,
Ixxvii.
.^Ifgifu (Alfifa), first wife or mistress
of Cnut, Ixxxvii.
.^Ifgifu (Emma), second wife of iEtliel-
red II., and of Cuut. See Emma...Elflieah, Abp. of Canterbury, martyr-
dom of, Ixxix.
iElfred, battle of Ashdowu, xxxii.
;
besieges Vikings in Nottingham, (7/. ;
accession, xxxii., xxxiii. ; defeated
at Wilton, xxxiii. ; attacks Gu'Sorm
iu Wareham, xxxiv. ; destroys Viking
ileet, ib. ; retires to ililthelney, xxxv.
;
defeats Gu^orm at yEthandune, and
divides kingdom, ih. ; bis government,
xxxvi. ; rebuilds London, xxxvii.
;
siege of Exeter, xxxviii.
Coinage :—types of, imitated by
Vikings, &c., xxxiii., xli.-xliii., xlvi.,
xlvii. ; with monogram of London.
xxxiv., xxxvii., xxxix. ; causes of
large issues, xxxvi. ; issues and types
of coins, xxxviii.-xlviii. ; moueyers,
list of, 32 ; coin-types, 33 ; coins,
38-82 (with mint name, 38 ; without
mint name, 55).
iElfred, the jEtheling, takes refuge
in Normandy, Ixxix. ; bis munler,
Ixxxvii.
iElfric, the ealdorman, his treachery,
Ixxiii.
^Ifwyn, dau. of ^Ethelfla;d, betrothed
toR(5gnaldof Xorthumbria, li. «.; lix.
iEthandnne, battle of, xxxv.
^thelbald, k. of Wessex, defeated at
Oekley, xxiv. ; rebellion of, xxiv.,
xxvi. n., xxvii. ; receives kingdom of
Wessex, xxv., xxvi. n., Ixix. ; his
marriage, xxvii. ; death, it.
Coinage :—rarity of his coins,
xxvii., 21 71. ; moncyers and coins, 21.
-iEthelbearht, marriage with Berchta,
dau. of Charibert, xxv. ; accession to
throne of Kent, xxvii. ; and Wessex,
xxviii.; Viking raids, ib.
Coinage :—moneyers, list of, 22 ;
coin-types, ib. ; coins, 23-2G.
iEthelflaed, Lady of the Mercians, mar-
riage, xxxvii. ; building of the burgs,
li., lii. ; death, li.
.^Ethelney, refuge of iElfred in, xxxv.
iEihelrcd I., accession, xxviii. ; battle
of Ashdown and siege of Notting-
ham, xxxii. ; death, ib.
Coinage :—moueyers, list of, 27 ;
Coin-types, ib.; coins, 28-31 (with
bust, 28 ; without bust, 31).
iEtlielred II., accession, Ixx. ; his
Biibriijiiet of 'Unready,' ib.; causes
of decline of power, Ixxi. ; opposition
to Vikings, Ixxiii. ; treachery of
thanes and caldormcn, Ixxv.
;
attacks Cuml)crlaud and tiie Isle uf
Man, ib. ; massacre of St. liriee,
Ixxvi. ; moTiiage, Ixxvii. ; bribes the
478 I.—GENEUAL INDEX.
DiinoB, Ixxvlii. ; (light to Normandy
anil return, Ixxix. ; death, Ixxx.
i10tliclrt««l II., Coinage : — inoncyera
largely Scandinavian, xlvi. ; coinage,
Ixxx.; coinH of, found in Scan-
dinavia, Ixxxi. ; tiicir wide circu-
lation and imitation by Scandiua-
vianH, Ixxxii., cxxv. ; with name
of Dublin, Ixxxiii. ; double cross
tyi»e, Ixxxix. ; moneyers, list of,
li»7; coin-types, 202 ; coins, 208-242
(blunileiod coins, 241).
iEthelred, Lord of Mercia, marriage,
xxxvii. ; no coins of, ib. ; defeats
Vikiugd at Buttington, xxxviii.
;
Governor of London, xxxix. ; death,
li.
iEthclstan, accession, Ivi. ; war with
Nortbumbria, Ix. ; adds York to his
kingdom, ib. ; opposed by British
princes, (7*. ; his jjower, Ixi. ; relations
with Ilarald of Norway, ib.; war with
IScotland and battle of Brunanbiirg,
Ixiii. ; death, ib.
Coinage :—strikes no coins for
Kent, xxvi. ;». ; moneyers, Frankish
and Scandinavian, xlv. ; titles on
coing and charters, Ixi., Ixii. ; coinage
marks extent of conquests, Ixii.
;
coins of York, Ixvii., Ixviii. ; laws
relating to mints, cviii. ; list of
moneyers, 101 ; coin-types, 103
;
coins, 105-131 (with mint name,
105; without mint name, 115).
iEthelstan, sou of iEthelwulf, his rule
in Kent, xxvi. n.
..ilthihvald, son of .Sthelied I., rebel-
lion of, xlviii. ; elected king of Nortb-
umbria, ib. ; defeated at Holme, xlix.
iEthelwulf, k. of Wesaex, defeats
Baldreil, k. of Kent, xiv. ; accession,
.xxiii. ; battle of Ockley, xxiv. ; pil-
grimage to Rome and marriage with
.Iiulilh, dau. of Cliarles the Bald,
xxv. ; divides kingdom with ./Ethel-
bald, XXV., xxvi. n.
C(jinage :—moneyers of xvii. ;
classification of oin-tyjies, xxvi.,
xxvii. ; coins struck in Kent, ih.
;
list of moneyers, 9 ; coin-typee, ib.
;
coins, 13-20 (with mint name, 13;
without mint name, 15).
yEthered, Abp. of Canterbury, coin-
types similar to iElfretl's, xxxviii.
Alphabetical forms used in Catalogue,
ci.
Army, standing, instituted by Cnut,
Ixxxiv.
'Army,' the, of Vikings, its constitu-
tion and leadership, xxx.
Amulf, Emp. of Germany, defeats
Vikings, xlix.
Arrangement of coins in Catalogue, xi.
Art of later Ang.-Saxon coins, cause of
decadence of, cxxiv. ; of earlier coin-
ages, sceattas and pennies, cxxvL
Asbjom, Earl, killed at Ashdown,
xxxii.
Ashdown, battle of, xxxii.; mint of,
notice, cxi.
Assandune, battle of, Ixxx.
Austin, ISIr., his coin of ^Ethelbald, 21;».
B.
Bivgsieg, Viking king, killed at Ash-
down, xxxii.
Bakewtll, burg built by Eadweard I.,
Hi.
Baldred, k. of Kent, defeated by
jEthelwulf, xiv. ; coins of, imitated
by Ecgbeorht, xix.
Baldwin, Count of Flanders, marriage
with Judith, widow of .^thclbald,
xxviii.
Bamborough stormed by Dunes, Ixxiii.
I.—GENERAL INDEX. 479
Bath, coins of, struck by Alfred, xl.,
xli. See also Index of Mints.
Bcaduheard, the port-reeve, slain by
the Vikings, xxi.
Boda, and tlie title of BretWiilda, xv.
Bedford, 'army of,' xxx. ; burg built
by Eadweard I., Hi.; Bloneyers of,
under Eadwig, Eadred, &c., Ixix.
Bedwin, mint of, cix. ; notice of, cxi.
Beorhtric, k. of Wessex, marriage and
death, xiii.
Beorhtwulf, k. of Mercia, defeated by
Rorik, the Dane, xxiv.
Beoruwulf, k. of Mercia, defeated at
EUandune, xiv. ; death, xv.
Berchta, dau. of Charibert, marriage
with iEthelbearht of Kent, xxv.
Blundered pennies, of Alfred, xli.,
xlii., 41-45, 79, 82; of ^thelstan,
119; of ^thelred II., 242.
Boyne, \V., his coin of Ecgbeorht, 5.
Bremesburg (Bramsbury), burg built
by yEthelilajd, li., lii.
Bretwalda, title of, xv.
Brcwton, mint of, cix. ; notice of, cxi.
Bribes to Vikings and Danes, xxxii.,
xxxiii., Ixxiii., Ixxv., Ixxviii.
Brice, I\Ir. W., his coin of iEthelbald,
21 n.
Bridgnorth, burg built by .^Etholloid,
li., lii ; mint of, notice, cxii.
Brihtnoth, the ealdoiiuan, deflated at
Maldun, Ixxii.
Brunanburg, battle of, Ixiii.
Bruton. Set Brcwton.
Buckingham, burg built ljy Eadweard
I., lii.
Buildings, types of, on coins, Ivi., cvii.
Burgrcd, k. of ]\Iercia, attackLd by
Vikings, xxxii. ; deposed by llalfilan,
xxxiii.
Burgs, building of, in England, Fmncr,
and Germany, xlis., 1.; by Ead-
weard I. and .^thelllajd l.-liii. ; list
of, lii. ; illustrated by coins of Ead-
weard I., Ivi.
Burgs,' the ' Five, jurisdiction and list
of, xliv., xliv. 71., lix. ; form of govern-
ment, republican, liv. ; increased to
' Seven Burgs,' ib. ; incorporated
into the West-Saxon kingdom, Iv.,
Ixv., l.xviii.
Bust on coins, origin of type, cvii.
;
portraiture of, ih.
Buttington, battle of, xxxviii.
c.
Cadbury, mint of, notice, cx.i.
Cambridge, taken by Guthorm, xxxv.
:
' army ' of, submits to Eadweard I.,
liv.
Camelford, battle of, xiv.
CANT and DOR i Bl, on coins of iEthel-
wulf, xxvi.
Canterbury, types of coins, imitated
by Ecgbeorht, xix., xx. ; attacked
by Rorik, the Dane, xxiii. ; mint of,
and edict of Grcatley, cix.
Carolingian coinage, its early influence
on English coinage, xc, cxxiii.
Carolus-monogram of Charlemagne
copied by Ecgbeorht, xx., xc.
Castle Rising, mint of, notice, cxii.
See aho Roiseng.
Ceolno?!, Abp. of Canterbury, copied
mouugram type of Ecgbeorht, xx.
I'eolwulf I., k. of ISIercia, types
of coins imitated by Ecgbeorht,
xix.
Ccolwulf II., k. of Blercia, accession,
xx.\iii., xxxiv. ; coiu-tyi»e also used
by Ilalfdan, xxxiv., xxxviii. ; and
by Alfred, xxxviii., xxxix.
Charibert, k. of Paris, marriage of iiis
dau. Berchta to iEthelbeurhl, xxv.
4.SI) I.—GKNEHAL INDEX,
Cliiirlcinai,'!"' nccivcH Er^bt orht, xiii. ;
roin-tyjH-a iiuitiitcd by Erf,'btorht,
XX.; •XriHliuiiii Uoligio' typo,
21 n.
ChiirlcB tliu IJiilil revivea Kiirolua-
inonoKmin tyjK', xx. ; nmrriago of
Judith t<) i-Etholwiilf, XXV.
Clinrk'S tlie Simple, marriage to Ead-
)j^ifu, Ixi.
Charinouth, defeat nf the English by
Vikiiiga at, xxii.
Cliartors, titles of -.Ethclstuu on, Ixi.,
Ixii. ; accuracy of names in, xcviii.
Chcrbury, burg built by iEtliclflad,
li., Hi.
Chester, restored by uEthelflffid, li.
;
coius of .^thelstan struck at, li.,
Ixii. ; ravaged by Vikings, Ixxii.
Chester or Leicester, coins of, Iv. n.
Chichester, mint of, and edict of
Greatley, cix.
ChipjKnham taken by Guthorni, xxxv.
Cletlemutha (Gladniouth), burg built
by Eadweard I., Hi.
Cnut, invasion of, xxix. ; proclaimed
king, Ixxix. ; returns to England, ib.
battle of Assandune, Ixxx. ; treaty
of Olney and king of all England,
ib. ; extent of rule, Ixxxii., Ixxxiii.
;
institutes Btiindiug army and fleet,
Ixxxiv. ; his policy and government,
Ixxxiv.-lxxxvi. ; endowment of
churches and monasteries, Ixxxv.
;
division of his dominions, Ixxxvii.
Coinage : - coins with his name
struck at Dublin, Ixxxiii. ; types of
coins (helmeted liead and crowned
bust) Ixxxix., xci., cvii., cxxv. ; mints
of, xc. ; coin- types, their chronological
order, xci. ; types copied by Scandi-
navians, cxxiv. ; list of moneyers,
'2i:?; coin-types, 248 ; coins, 255-301
(uucvrtuiu mints, 301).
GNUT on coins of TElfred, xl. ; on
coius in Cuerdule Find, xlvii.
Coonwulf, 8on of Offa, coinage for
Mercia, xiii. ; coin-type imitated by
Ecgbeorht, xix.
Coinage, its historical value, &c., xiii. ;
rigiit of not exercised by under-
kings, xxvi.
Coins, arrangement of, in Catalogue,
xi. ; number of Anglo-Saxon coins in
National Collection, xi., xii. ; i&jUfs
of, for payment of taxes, tributes,
&c., Ixxxi., cxxiv.
Colchester, burg built by Eadweard I.,
lii. ; mint of, and edict of Greatley,
cix.
Combe, Taylor, on coin (jf .^thclbald,
21 «.
Conn's Half. See Leth-Cuind.
Constantine III., k. of Scotland, joins
coalition against jEtliclstan, Ix.
;
rebellion of, Ixiii.
Corbridge, mint of, notice, cxiii.
Cross, double, on coins, its fiscal sig-
nificance, Ixxxix.
Crown on coins of Cnut, its origin,
Ixxxix., xci., cvii., cxxv.
Cuerdale Hoard, Viking imitations in,
xxxix. ; coins of, xiii., xlvi. ; North-
umbrian coins in, xlvii. ; debased
penny of .-Elfred in, 37 n.
Cumberland, granted to Malcolm I. of
Scotland, Ixix. ; attacked by iEtbel-
red II., Ixxv., Ixxvi.
D.
Danebrog, on coins of Cuut, xcii.
Danegeld, nature of, and origin, xxxiii.,
Ixxviii. ; levy of, by Harthacnut,
Ixxxviii.
Danish invasions of England, Ixxii.,
Ixxiii., Ixxv.-Ixxx. ; (attacks on
I.—GENERAL INDEX. 481
Southhampton, Chester, Thanct,
Padstow, Dorchester, London, and
Watcliet, Ixxii. ; on Ipswich and Bam-
horou^h, Ixxiii. ; defeat at Maldnn,
ib. ; hmding in tlie Isle of Wight and
Kent, Ixxv. ; return of Svend and
siege of Exeter, Ixxvii. ; conquest of
Enghind, Ixxix. ; arrival of C'nut, //;.
;
hattles of Pen Selwood and Assan-
dune and treaty of Oluey, Ixxx.) See
also under Vikings, invasions of.
Danish kings iu England, coinages of,
Ixxxix.
Danish and Viking invasions distin-
guisliod, xxxi.
Danish, Viking, and Norman invasions
contrasted, xxviii., xxix.
Darenth, mint of, cix. ; notice of, cxiii.
Delgany Hoard, monogram-type coins
of Ecgbeorht iu, xx. ; account of,
xxii.
Denmark, early coin-types of, cojiied
from English coins, Ixxxii.
Derby, coins of Jithclstan struck at,
Ixii.
Dereham, mint of, notice, cxiii.
Dies, how supplied, xcviii., civ., ex.
;
process of engraving inscriptions on,
xcix.
Domesday, on supply of dies to
Worcester, Hereford, &c., civ. u.
Dorchester, mint of, notice, cxiii.
Dore, submission of Nortlimubriuiis to
Ecgbeorht at, xv.
DORIBl and CANT on coin.s of
iEthclwuli', xxvi.
'Dorobornia' on coins of Jilfnd, xl.
Dorstat, Swedish cojjies of coins of,
xlvi.
Double-cross type, its fiscal signifi-
cance, Ixxxix.
Dublin, coins of, with names of ^Elliel-
rcil ir. nni] ('mil. Ixxviii.
Dufnall, k. of Strathclyde, rows
Eadgar on the Dee, Ixx.
Dunstan, Abp. of Canterbury, death,
Ixxiii.
E.
Eadgar, accession to tiironc of Mercia,
Ixix. ; king of all England, ib.;
assists Howel in North Wales, ih. ;
confirms Cumberland to Malcolm
of Scotland, Ixx.; the row on the
Dee, ib. ; laws of, confirmed by
Cnut, Ixxxiv.
Coinage :—mints of, Ixx. ; list of
moneyers, 163; coin-types, 1G5;
coins, 168-190 (with mint namo
168 : without mint name, 175).
Eudgifu, mariiage to Charles the
Simple of France, Ixi.
Eadgith, marriage to Otto I., Emptror,
Ixi.
Eadhild, marriage to Hugh the Great,
duke of France, Ixi.
Eadmund, the ' Five Burgs,' subjection
of, Iv. ; accession, Ixiii. ; attacked by
Olaf Quaran and Wulfstau of York,
Ixiv. ; treaty with, ib. ; baptism of
Olaf Quaran, Ixiv. ; adds East
Anglia and the Five Burgs to his
dominions, Ixv. ; defeat of Olaf and
Ragnald of Northumbria, //*.
;
murder of, ib.; extent of power in
Nurthumluia, Ixvi.
Coinage :—Prankish and Scan-
dinavian moneycrs, xlv., xlvi.; coins
struck at York, Ixvii., Ixviii.;
list of moneyers, 122; coin-tyix's,
12:?; coins 124-141 (with mint
name, 121 ; without mint name,
12.1).
Eadnnnid (Inmsidc) opposes the
I);infs, Ixxix. : ac<>rs.>inn, Ixxx. :
2 I
482 I.—OENKKAL INDEX.
botlU'B of Ptn Hclwofxl, eiioiston,
nn<l Aiwiiniliiiu', ih.; trcKily of Olnoy,
i7). ; (lunth, ib.
I'jiiliimnd (IridiHidt'), Coinage :—no
cdiiiH I'xfiiiit, 213 H.
Eiiiln (I, acrcssion, Ixvi. ; ullepiancc of
^V^llf^t^m, Al)i). of York, ih.; Erik
IUi)?iix driven from Nortliumbria,
ih. ; dtalli, il>.
Coinage :—Franki-sli nnd Sran-
dinavian moncycrs, xlv., xlvi. ; coins
of York, Ixvii., Ixviii. ; list of
moneyern, 112 ; coin-types, 143 ;
coins, 141-155 (with mint name,
144; without mint name, 141).
Kadrcd, of Berniein, joItis coalition
against iEtlielstan, Ix.
Eadrio Striona, treachery at Assan-
dunc, Ixxx.; accused of murder of
Endiiiund Ironside, ih. ; deatli,
Ixxxiii. ; made Karl of Jlercia,
Ixxxvi.
Eadweard llio EMcr, battle of Biit-
lington, xxxviii. ; a'^ces^ion, xlviii. ;
dofents yEthelwald of Nortliumbria
at Holme, xlix. ; treaty with
Guthorm P^irikseon, 1., liii. ; his royal
titles, 1. ; incorporates Mercia, ib. ;
building of the burgs, l.-liii. ; list of
burgs, Hi. ; captures Tcmpsford from
Vikings, liv. ; submission of the
Danes, i7>. ; character of reign re-
flected by coinage, Iv.
Coinage :—Frankish and Scandi-
navian moueyers, xlv. ; titles on
coins, 1. ; types of coins and inscrip-
tions, Iv., Ivi. ; list of moneyers, 83 ;
coin-types, 84; coins, 87-100 (with
mint name, 87 ; without mint name,
87).
Eadweard IT., accession, Ixx.
Coinage :—list of moneyers, 191
;
coin-types, 192; coins, 192-196.
Eadwig, accession, Ixviii ; liis unpoim-
larity, Ixix. ; d( ath, il}.
Coinage :—Frankish and Scamli-
navian moneyers, xlvi. ; enins struck
at York, Ixviii. ; list of moneyers,
156; coin-types, 156; coins, 158-
1G2 (with mint name, 158 ; without
mint name, IGO).
I'^iidwine, earl of Mercia, rivalry of
To.stig, xciv.
Ealgifu, marriage to Louis, k. of
Provence, Ixi.
Ealhstan, bp. of Sherborne, defeat of
Baldred, k. of Kent, xiv.
Earbbtms established in England by
Cnut, Ixxxvi., xc. ; rivalry of, xciv.
East Anglia, kings of, their relation to
Mercia, xiii. ; supremacy of Ecgbeorht
over, XV. ; ravaged by Vikings, xxiii.,
xxxii. ; Viking settlement in (a.d.
866), xxviii. ; foundation of Viking
kingdom in, xxxv., xxxvi. ; Frankish
moneyers' names on coins of, xliv.
;
submission of Vikings of, to Ead-
weard I., liv. ; incorporated into
Wessex, Ixv. ; government of the
earls, ih. ; earldom of, established,
Ixxxiv. ; rivalry of, xciv.
Ecgbeorht, flight to France, xiii., xiv.
;
his conijuest^, xiii. ; his policy and
wars with Wales, xiv. ; battle of
Ellandunc, ih. ; extent of rule,
XV. ; submission of Nortliumbriims
at Dore, ih. ; supremacy over East
Anglia and Northumbria, ib. ; de-
feats Vikings at ' Henge&tdunc,'
xxii. ; death, xxiii.
— Coinage :—probable date of first
coinage, xii., xvii., xx., xxi. ; his
moneyers of Kentish origin, xvii.;
early types of coins, xvii., xx. ; coin-
types derived from issues of Mercia,
Kent, &c., xix., XX.; Carlovingian
T.—GENERAL INDEX, 183
influence on early coin-type, xs.
;
list of moncyers, 1; coin-types, 1;
coins, C-8 (with mint name, G ; with-
out mint name, 7).
EcGBOR, monogram of, 1 n.
Eddesbury, burg built by iEthelflrcd,
li., lii.
Edward the Confessor, flight to Nor-
mandy, Ixxix. ; claim to English
throne supported, Ixxxviii. ; re-
ceives support of Godwin, xcii.
;
accession, ib. ; increase of Norman
influence, xciii.
Coinage :— Norman influence not
traceable in coinage, xciii. ; coinage
of, xcvi. ; chronological order of
coin-types, xcvii. ; list of moneyers,
329 ; coin-types, 334 ; coins, 330-459
(uncertain mints, 450).
Ellandune, battle of, xiv., xvi. ; marks
probable date of Ecgbeorht's first
coinage, xii., xvii., xx., xxi.
Emma (^Ifgifu) of Normandy, mar-
riage to ^Etlulrcil II., l.Kxvii. ; flics to
Normandy, Ixxix. ; married to Cnut,
Ixxxvii.
England, state of, under .^Ethclred II.,
Ixxi. ; and wealth, Ixxxi. ; under
Cnut, Ixxxvi., xcv. ; under Cnut's
successors, xcv.
England, kingdom of, coins, 1 03-474.
English coinage, its earliest types,
cxxii., cxxiii. ; derived from Mero-
vingian and Caroliiigian issues,
cxxii. ; distinetive nature of, ih.
English and Prankish coinage s, their
early connection and separation,
xviii.
Engravers of dies, their process of
engraving and errors, xcix.-cii.;
whether moneyers, xcix., cxi.
Erik Blo^ox, succession to throne of
Norway, xxv. n. ; k. of Nortlium-
briii, Ixvi. ; expelled, ib. ; restored,
ib. ; his moneyers, Ixvii.
Erik, earl of Norway, joins coalition
against Olaf Tryggvason, Ixxvi. ;
receives part of Norway, Ixxvii.;
aids Cnut, Ixxx. ; made earl of North-
umbria, Ixxxvi.
Essex, added to Wesscx, xv. ; Danes
of, submit to Eadweard I., liv.
Evans, Sir John, account of the
Delgany Hoard, xxii. n. ; on mint
of Newport, cxvii. ; coinof Ecgbeorht
belonging to, 4.
Exeter, retreat of Guthorm to, xxxv.
;
captured by Vikings, xxxviii. ; coins
of, struck by uElfred, xl., xli. ; taken
by Svend of Denmark, Ixxvii.
P.
Faatolfs, moneyers at Thetford and
Lincoln, ciii.
' Five Burgs.' See Burgs,' the ' Five.
Fleet, building of, by iElfred, xxxv.,
xxxvi., Iviii. ; by Vikings, Iviii.
;
standing, instituted by Cnut, Ixxxiv.
Floral designs on coins of Eadweard I.,
cvii.
Forts, building of. See Burgs.
Frajnc, Earl, killed at Ashdown, xxxii.
France, raid of Vikings in, xxiii.
France and Germany, early coinages
of, divergence of typos, xc.
Frankish coin-types in Cuerdalc Hoard,
xlvii.
Frankish moneyers' names on coins of
Wesscx, East Angliii, &c., xliii.-xlvi.
Friinkish and English coinages, their
early connection, xviii. ; ceases with
reign of Ecgbeorht, xviii., xxi.
Freeman, on title of ' Rex Saxonuni,'
xix. )'.
2 I 2
•IS I.—OENKltAL INDICX.
G.
0»<oSaliiirli (Jill burffli), mint of, notice,
fxiv.
(}( riimny, raiilrt of Vikinjis in, xxii.
;
ilffi'nt of Viking.s by Arnulf, i-inp.,
xlix. ; coiungo of, its influence on
t\ j>i'8 of Cnut, xc.
(iililis, Mr. H., liis Coin of ^Etiiulbald,
21 n.
(»lti<linouth. See Cledcniutha.
Gloucester, coins of, struck by iElfrcil,
xl.
CuKlwiue, Earl, ap|)ointt'd earl of
Wossex, Ixxxvi. ; opposes claim of
Harold I., Ixxxvii.; murdcrofiElfred,
tiie .Etlieling, ib. ; supports cause
of Edward the C'ouf., xcii. ; his
power, xcii., xciii. ; deatli, xciii.
Gold coin of ^thelred II., 208.
Grealley, synod of, its decree relating
to mints, cviii.
(ireen, J. H., on 'Orsnaforda' coins,
xxxvii. II.
GulhfrilS, k. of Dublin, claims Northum-
briix, Ix.
(iuthnnmd, tiie Viking, attacks
lp^^vicll, Ixxiii.
(iutliorin (/Ethelstan), k. of East
Anglia, invades Wessex, xxxv.
;
battle of .^Ethandune and baptism
at Weilmorc, ib. ; receives East
Anglia, xxxv., xxxvi.
Coinage: — copies coin-types of
iElfred, xl. ; coins of, xli., xlvi.
;
moueyers chiefly Franks, slii., xliv.
;
coins of, in Cuerdale Hoard, xlvii.
Guthorm Eirikssou, k. of East Anglia,
treaties with Eadweard I., 1., liii.
GuT^rcd-Cnut, k. of Northumbria, coin-
ly|K'8 as .Eilr..rs. \1.. xlii : d( ath,
xlviii.
Gu{5rura. See Guthorm (JEtheUtan).
Gyda, wife of Harald Fairhair, her
tftiuit, XXX., xxxi.
(iyda, ni.Hter of Cnut, Ixxxvi..
Hafirsfjord, battle of, xxxi. n.
Ilakon, bon of HaraM, godson of iEthcl-
stan, Ixi. ; k. of Norway, Ixvi.
Hakon, Earl, attempted conversion of,
xliv., Ixxiv. ; and Harald, k. of Den-
mark, ixxiv. ; expelled from Norway,
ih.
Hakon Eriksson, Earl, coins of, Ixxxii.
;
made earl of Norway, Ixxxvi
Halfdan, Viking king, defeated at
Ashdown, xxxii. ; dejwses Burgred
of Mercia, &c., xxxiii. ; takes London,
xxxiv. ; coin with Loudon mono-
gram, xxxiv., xxxvii.-xxxix. ; king
of Northumbria, xxxiv.
Hamtune (Southampton), mint of and
edict of Greatley, cix. ; notice of
mint, cxv.
Harald Harfagr (Fairhair), k. of Nor-
way, marriage and succession, xxv.
;i. : reproached by Gyda, xxx, xxxi.
;
and the Vikings of the West, xxxi.
;
hi.-5 relations with ..Ethelstau, Ixi.
Harald, Earl, killed at Ashdown,
xxxii.
Harald Blaatand, k. of Denmark,
his attempted conversion of Earl
Hakon, xliv., Ixxiv. ; conversion of,
Ixxiv.
Harald Hardratla, claims throne of
Norway, xciv. : and of England
xcv. ; assists Tostig. ib. ; liis invasion
of England and death, xcvi.
Harold I., accession, Ixxxvii. ; murder
of Alfred, the iEtheling, ib. : his
character, Ixxxviii.
I.—GENERAL INDEX. 485
Coiimge :— coin-types, order of,
xcii. ; list of moneycrs, 302 ; coiii-
tyi^es, 304; coins of, 307-319 (un-
certain mints, 319).
Harold II., his influence under Ed-
Avard the Conf., xciv. ; accession,
lb. ; rebellion of the Earls, xciv. ;
opposes Tostig, ib. ; the rival claim-
ants, xcv. ; battles of Stamford
Bridge and Hastings, xcvi. ; death,
ib.
Coinage :—type of coins, xcvii.
;
list of moneycrs, 4G0 ; coin-types,
461 ; coins of, 40 1-474 (uncertain
mints, 474).
Hurthacnut, obtains crown of Denmark,
Ixxxvi. ; liis riglit to English throne,
Ixxxvii. ; character, Ixxxviii. ; war
with Magnus of Denmark, ih.;
accession, ib. ; levy of danegeld, ib.;
death, ib.
Coinage :—types of coins, xcii.
;
list of moneycrs, 320 ; coin-types,
321 ; coins of, 325-328.
Hasting, the Viking, takes Exeter,
xxxviii.
Hastings, battle of, xcvi. ; mint of and
edict of Greatley, cix.
Helmet, pointed, on coins of Ciuit,
Ixxxix., xci., cvii.
Hengstone (Hengestdune), battle of,
xxii.
Henry the Fowler, Emperor, his
liberality to the Church, Ixxxv.
Heptarehic Kingdoms, xi. ; struggles
of, terminated, xiii.
Hereford, new dies for coins, how
snp|>licd to, civ. n.
Hertford, burg built by Eadwcard I.,
li., lii.
Hincmar, Abp. of Rlicims, marriage of
^Ihelwulf to Judith, xxv.
Hoards of English coins, found in
Scandinavia, Ixxxi. ; see also under
Cuerdalc, Delgaiiy, and Skye.
Holme, battle of, xlix.
Horndon, mint of, notice, cxv.
Howel, k. of N. Wales, joins coalition
against ^thelstan, Ix. ; receives
assistance from Eadgar, Ixix. ; rows
Eadgar on the Dee, Ixx.
Hugh the Great, duke of France,
marriage to Eadhild, dau. of Ead-
weurd I., Ixi.
Hugo, Count, betrays Exeter to Svend,
Ixxvii.
Hunt, Mr. William, on the Huscarls
and the Comitatus, Ixxxiv. n.
Huntingdon, burg built by Eadweard
I., lii.
Huscarls, their origin and duties,
Ixxxiv. ; massacre of, at Worcester,
Ixxxviii.
Iceland, conversion of, to Cln-istiauity,
Ixxv.
Imitation of coins by Vikings, of
iEifred, xxxiii., xli., xlii., xlvi. ; of
St. Eadmund, Abp. Plcgmund, &c.,
xlii., xlvi., xlvii.
Ine, k. of Wcssex, laws of, relating to
fiuL'S, xviii.
Inheritance, law of, among Scandi-
navian,*, its eflect on succession to
English throne, Ixxxvi.
Inscriptions, nature of, on reverses of
coins, cv.
Ipswich attacked by Vikingn, Ixxiii.
Ireland, invasion of, by Vikings, xxi.,
xxiii. ; Vikings establish kingdom
there, xxii., xxiii.; English coins
brought by Vikings to, xlvi.
Irish coinage, when initiated, xlvi.
486 I.—QENKUAL INDEX.
IhIo (if Muii iittiK k((l I'}' ^T-^ilulrid IF.,
Ixxv.
I«Io «f Wi^lit uttuckfd by Danes,
Ixxv. ; BotlleiiiLnt of, in, Ixxviii.
Ivor, llmiho of, coind of, btruek in
Northuinbriu, Ixvi.
J.
Jacob (.lapn?), k. of North Wales,
rows Eadgar on the Dec, Ixx.
Jago, chiim to the throne of Wales, Ixis.
Jedburgh. See Geotaburh.
Juchill, k. of Westmoreland, rows Eud-
giir on the Dec, Ixx.
Judith, dau. of Charles the Bald,
marriage to iEtliclwulf, xxv. ; to
.ffithclbald, xxvii. ; to Baldwin,
Couut of Flanders, xxviii.
Jumieges, Robert of, Abp. of Canter-
bury, his influence, xciii.
Justin, tho Viking, attacks Ipswich,
Ixxiii.
E.
Korolus-monogram of Charlemagne
copied by Ecgbeorht, xx., xc.
Kenneth, k. of Scotland, rows Eadgar
on the Dec, Ixx.
Kent, under kings of Wessex, xvi. ; a
Bi parate kingdom, ib. ; ravaged by
Vikings, xxiii., xxxviii. ; kingdom of,
united with Wessex, xxxvi.
> Coinage :—types of coins imitated
by Ecgbeorht, xix. ; predominant in
the south till death of ^thelbuld,
xviii. ; uuder-kings of, strike no
coins, xxvi.
Kent, kings of, their relation to Mercia,
xiii.
King, meaning of title of, among Vik-
ings, XXX., xlvii., n.
L.
Laws relating to coinage of Ino and
Wessex, xviii. ; of iEtiielstan, eviii.
Leicibter, Viking raids from, liii.
Leicester and Cheater, coins of, Iv. n.
Leofa murders Eadmuud at Pueklc-
church, IxT.
Lcth-Cuind, or Conn's Half of Ireland,
invaded by Vikings, xxii.
LcwcH, mint of, and edict of Greatley,
cix.
Lincoln, monogram of, on coins of
iElfied, xxxix. See also Index of
Types.
Liiieoliisliirc ravaged by Vikings, xxiii.
Lindsay jduudercd by the Danes,
Ixxiii.
Llandaif, Bp. of, taken prisoner by
Vikings, liv.
Loudon plundered l>y Vikings, xxiii.
;
by Korik the Dane, xxiv. ; taken by
Halfdan, xxxiv. ; rebuilt by Alfred,
xxxvii., xxxix. ; burnt by Vikings,
Ixxii. ; relieved by Eadmund Iron-
side, Ixxx. ; heavily taxed by Cnut,
Ixxxiii.
Coinage :—monogram of, on coin
of Halfdan, xxxiv., xxxvii.-xxxix.
;
on coins of Alfred, xxxiv., xxxvii.,
xxxix. : mint cf, and edict of
Greatley, cix.
Louis, k. of Provtuce, marriage to
Ealgifu, sister of Eadweard I., Ixi.
Louis d'Outremer, k. of West Franks,
Ixi.
Louis the Pious, '• Xristiana Eeligio"
type on coins of, 27, n.
Lowiek, mint of, notice, cxvi.
Ludiciin, k. of Mercia, death, xv.
Luffwiik. See Lowiek.
Lymnc, mint of, notice, cxvi.
I.—GENERAL INDEX. 487
M.Maccus, k. of Man, aasists Jago in
Wiiles, Ixix., Ixxii. : bis allegiance
to Eadgar, Ixix. ; rows Eadgar on
the Dee, Ixx.
Magnus Maxiinus, type of solidua imi-
tated by Halfdan, xxxiv., xxxviii.;
and by Alfred and Ccolwulf II. of
Mercia, xxxviii.
Magnus the Onod, k. of Norway, &c., ac-
cession, Ixxxviii. ; his compact with
Harthacnut, ih. ; claims throne of
Denmark, xcii. ; divides kingdom
with Harald Hardrada, xciv. ; death,
ib. ; claims English throne, ib.
Malcolm receives Cumberland from
Eadgar, Ixx.; rows Eadgar on tiie
Dee, ib.
Maldon, burg built by Eadweard I., Hi.
;
battle of, Ixxiii. ; mint of, notice,
cxvi.
Malmesbury, mint of, notice, cxvii.
Manclitstor, burg built by Eadweard I.,
lii.
Matilda, wife of William I., her de-
scent from Judith, wife of Baldwin,
Ct. of Flanders, xxviii.
Mercia. its iire-emiuence under Offa,
xiii. ; invabion of Wessex by, xiv.;
its po.>ition after battle of EUandune,
xvi. ; attacked by Vikings, xxxii.
;
incorporated into Wessex, xxxvi.,
xxsvii., 1., 11.; separated from Wessex,
Ixix. ; Eadgar, king of, ib. ; an earl-
dom, Ixxxvi.; rivalry of, xciv.
Coinage :—coins of, struck in
Kent, xvii. ; moneyers of, Kentish,
ib. ; coin-types copied by Ecgbcorht,
xix.
Mercia, Western, supremacy of Wessex
over, xxxvi., xxxvii.
Mercia and Northumbria, rivalry of,
xiii.
Mercia and Wessex, rivalry of, xiii.
Merovingian coins, their types copied
on English coins, cxxii., cxxiii.
Mints, classification of coins of Wessex
witli mint names, xxvi. ; increase of,
in reign of Eadgar, Ixx.; of .Sthelstan
mark conquests of Eadweard I., Ixii.
;
names of, earliest forms, cv. ; mint
placis, «S:c., cviii.-cxxi. (growth of,
cviii.-cx. ; laws of iEthelstan relating
to, cviii. ; Sjnaod of Greatley, ib. ;
right of coinage granted to religious
hou.ses, cix. ; difficulties of identifica-
tion, ex. ; a source of revenue, t6.
;
uncertain and new mints, notices of,
cxi.-cxx.) ; historical importance of,
cxxiii. See also Index of Mints.
Mints, notices of, &c. : Aslidown, cxi. ;
Bath, xl, xli. ; Bedwin, cxi. ; Brew-
ton, ib- ; Bridgnorth, cxii. ; Cadbury,
cxii.; Canterbury, cix.; Castle Rising,
cxii. ; Chester, li. Iv. n., Ixii. ; Chi-
chester, cix. ; Colchester, ib. ; Cor-
bridge, cxiii. ; Darenth, ib. ; Derby,
Ixii. ; Deriham, cxiii. ; Ddrchester,
cxiii., cxiv. : Dublin, Ixxxiii.; Exeter,
xl., xli.; GeoTaburh, cxiv.; Glou-
cester, xl. ; Hanitune, cix., cxv. ;
Hastings, cix. ; Hereford, civ. «.
;
Horndon, cxv. ; Jedburgh, cxiv ;
Leicester, Iv. u. ; Lewes, cix. ; Lin-
coln, xxxix.; London, xxxiv., xxxvii.
-
xxxix., cix. ; Lowick, cxvi. ; Lymne,
ib. ; Maldon, ib. ; Malmesbury, cxvii.;
Newark, ib. ; Newport, ib. ; North-
ampton, cxv., cxvii. ; Nottingham,
Ixii. ; Otford, cxviii. ; Oxford, xxvii.,
xl. ; Kichborough, cxviii. ; Itoiseng,
xxxix., cxii. ; Shaltcsbury, cix. ; Sid-
bury, cxviii. ; Sidmouth, ib. ; South-
ampton, cix., cxv., cxix.; Tcmpsford^
488 I.—OENEUAL INDKX.
cxix. : ToiibridRo, ih. ; Totlcigh, ih. ;
WunllKinmj,'!!, oix-.f-xix. ;Wnrclmin,
cix. ; Wnrininf;toii, cxx. ; Weliiifs-
ford, ib. ; Wtybri.lge, ih. ; Win-
eliffllor, xl., xli., cix. ; Winchcombe,
cxxi. ; Witham, il>. ; York, Ixii
,
Ixvii., Ixviii.
liloN., MoNETA (Moncta or Moik-
arius?), cv.
Moniyerg, names of, not in National
G)lIuction, xii. ; of Ecgbcorht, of
Kcntieli origin, xvii. ; of Vikings,
their niixtil nationality, xxix. ; con-
fusion nnd varieties of namesof, xlii.-
xliv. ; Scandinavian, Prankish and
English, xliii.-xlvi. ; of York and
Northunibria under iErhelslan, Ead-
mund, &c., Ixvii. ; whether local,
Ixvii. ; of Bedford under Eadwig,
Eadred, &c., Ixix. ; their status,
xcviiL, ciii., civ., cxi. ; blundered
names of, xcviii.-cii. ; early names
of English etymology, cii. ; rarity
of Latin and biblical names, ciii.
;
chiefly Frankish and Scandinavian
on Viking coinages, ciii. ; punish-
ment of, civ. ; whether itinerary, cv.
;
names of, in possessive case, cvi. ;
not engravers of dies, ex.
Monkwcarmouth, wreck of Vikings at,
xxi.
Monogram types, of Ecgbcorht, their
origin, xx. ; of Canterbury on coins
of Ecgbcorht, tb. ; of ' Doribi ' and
* Cant ' on coins of .^thelwulf,
xxvi. ; of mints, inaugurated, xxvii.,
xxxix. ; a Frankish device, xxxix.,
xc. ; of London, xxxiv., xxxvii.,
xxxix. ; of Lincoln, xxxix. ; of
• Koiseng, ib.
Montagu, Mr. H., on coins of Chester
and Leicester, Iv. n. ; on Castle-
Rising mint, cxii ; coinof .^thclwulf
belonging to, 12 ; of iEtlielbald, 21
;
of A'AUli], 'M ; of I'ladwenrd IL,
l'.»2; of Ilaroli I., 30(;.
Morkcrc, earl of Northunibria, rivalry
with Toatig, xciv.
Murchison Collection, coin of Ecg-
bcorht in, 5 ; of .Alfred, 35, n.
M—X on coins of iElfrcd, 57.
N.Newark, mint of, notice, cxvii.
Newport, mint of, notice, cxvii.
Norman coinage in England unin-
fluenced by that of Nonuandy,
xciii.
Norman influence during reign of
Edward the Confessor, xciii. ; little
or no trace of, on coinage, cxxv.
Norman, Viking, and Danish inva-
sions contrasted, xxviii., xxix.
Normandy, invasion of, by ^thcl-
red II., Ixxvi.
Norse invasion of Ireland, xxiii.
;
coinage, initiation of, xlvi.
Northampton, Viking ' army ' of, xxx.
;
Viking raids from, liii. ; submission
of Vikings of, liv. : attacked by Olaf
Quaran, Ixiv.
Northampton, mint of (?), cxv. iSee
Hamtune.
Northumbria, submission of, to Ecg-
bcorht, XV.; attacked by Vikings,
xxxii. ; foundation of Viking king-
dom in, xxxiv. : accession of uEthel-
wald, son of .^thclred I., xlviii.
;
accession of Olaf Quaran, Ixiii.
;
division of, between Olaf Quaran
and Olaf Godfredsson, Ixiv. : later
earls of, Ixv. ; counuered by Ead-
muud and divided with Malcolm of
Scotland, ib. ; its allegiance to Ead-
red, and revolt, Ixvi. ; accession of
I.—GENERAL INDEX. 489
Erik B16:!ox, ib. ; rule of Eadmund
and Eiidred in, Ixvi., Ixviii. ; united
to England, Ixviii. ; an earldom,
Ixxxvi. ; rivalry of, xciv.
Coinage :—continued after sub-
mission to Ecgbeorbt, xv. ; coins of,
in Cuerdale board, xli., xlvii. ; a
Viking coinage, xlii.; coins of, during
reigns of Eadmuud and Eadred,
Ixvi.
Nortbumbria and Mcrcia, rivalry of,
xiii.
Norway, conversion of, to Cbiistianity,
Ixxv.;
partiticn of, after deatli of
Olaf Tryggvason, Ixxvii. ; early
coin-typeB copied from Englisb,
Ixxxii.
Norwieb burnt by Svend, Isxvii.
Nuttingbam, siege of, by iEtbelrcd I.
and iElfred, xxxii. ; burg, built by
Eadweard I., lii. ; coins of Jitbel-
stan struck at, Ixii.
o.
OCCIDENTALIVM^ SaXONIORVM OU COiuS
of iEtbelwulf, 10.
Ockley, battle of, xxiv.
Odo, Abp. of Canterbury, treaty be-
tween Eadmund and Olaf Quaran,
Ixiv.
Offa, introduction of penny coinage
into England, xiii., cxxii.
'Offering ronnics ' of iElfrcd, xl.,
xli., 55.
Olaf, k. of Sweden, joins coalition
against Olaf Tryggvason, Ixxvi.
;
assists Cnut, Ixxix. ; his coinage,
Ixxxii.
Olaf CJodfredsson, k. of Nortbumbria,
battle of Brunanburg, Ixiii. ; divides
Nortbumbria witb Olaf Quaran,
Ixiv. ; bis deatb, ih.
Olaf Haraldsson (St. Okf) conveys
^thelred II. to England, Ixxix.
jOlaf Quaran, k. of Nortbumbria,
marriage, Ixiii. ; battle of Brunan-
burg, ib. ; made k. of Nortbumbria,
ib. ; attack on Northampton and
Tamworth, Ixiv. ; peace with Ead-
mund and baptism, ib. ; divides
Nortbumbria witb Olaf Godfredsson,
ib. ; driven from kingdom, Ixv. ; re-
stored to his throne, Ixvi.; bis
moneyers, Ixvii.
Olaf Skutkonung, k. of Sweden, his
assistance to Cnut, Ixxix. ; institutes
coinage in Sweden, Ixxxii.
Olaf Tryggvason, k. of Norway, Ixiii.
;
attacks Ipswich, Ixxiii. ; converted
to Christianity, Ixxiv. ; accession, ib. ;
death, Ixxvii.
Orsxaforda on -coins of iElfred,
xxvii., xl., 50.
Otford. mint of, cix. ; notice of, cxviii.
Otto I., Emperor, marriage to Eadgith,
sister of Eadweard I., Ixi.
Owen, k. of Cumberland, attacks
jEthelstan, Ixiii. ; battle of Brunan-
burg, ib.
Oxford, coins of, struck by Alfred,
xxxvii., xl., 50; meeting of Witenagc-
mot at, Ixxxiv., Ixxxv.
P.
Pacx on coins of Cnut, Ixxxv. ; of
Edward the Conf., xcvii.
Tadstow harried by Vikings, Ixxii.
Paris, siege of, and defeat of Vikings,
xlix.
Pen Solwood, battle of, Ixxx.
Penny, origin and introduction of,
xiii., cxxii.
Pied-forts of .El frod, xl., xli., ").
490 I.—GENERAL INDEX.
riffanl, Mr. E. J. O., coin of Ecgboorht
btlon^jiiiK' to, H.
ritn'8, Kilict of, and the Karoltis-
nionn^mni typo, xx. n.
Plopmund, Ahp. of Cnntcrbiiry, coin-
typoa as iElfred's, xl. : Viking,' imita-
tions of coins of, xlii., xlvi.
rortniitiiro on Enf^lish coins, cvii.
rortsmnntli, victory of Vikings nt,
xxiii.
Prrotorian gate?, type of, on English
coins, 86.
rriniogeniture and succession among
Teutons, XXV.
Providence, hand of, on coins of
Eadwear<l I., Ivi. n. ; as a coin-type,
cvii.
Pucklechurch, nnirdcr of Eadmund at,
Ixv.
R.
Ragnald or Rognald, k. of Northum-
bria, betrotliod to .^Ifwyn, dau. of
.Sthelfla3d, li. n., lix. : accession, lix.
Ragnhiid, marriage to Harald Hsirfagr,
XXV. 71.
Reading, encampment of Vikings at,
and flight of Ilidfdan to, xxxii.
Regnald, son of Godfred, k. of North-
umbria, Ixiv. ; driven out by Ead-
mund, Ixv.
Religious divisions in England and
Scandinavia, Ixxiv.
Religious houses receive right of coin-
ago, cix.
Rex Saxonvm on coins of .lElfred and
Eadwcard I., xix. n., xl., 1.
*Rex totius Britanniit)' on coins of
.^thclstau, Ixi., Ixii.
Ricliborough, mitit of, notice, cxviii.
Ripon Cathedral burnt by Eadred,
Ixvi.
Robert of Jumieges, Abp. of Canter-
bury, his influence, xciii.
liochester plundered by Vikings, xxiii.
Roiscng, monogram of, on wjin of
iElfred, xxxix.
lloiseiig, mint of. See Castle Rising.
Rorik, the Dane, attacks Canterbury
and London, xxiii., xxiv.
Runcorn, burg built by ^Ethelflasd, li.,
Hi.
St. Andrew, coinage of, 7.
St. Brice, massacre of, Ixxvi., Ixxvii.
St. Clair-en-Epte, treaty of, Ivii.
St. Eadmund coinage, imitated by
.Alfred, xl. ; date of, xli., xliv.
;
struck by Vikings, xlii., xlvi., xlvii.;
moneycrs, names on, xliii. ; coins of,
38, 59.
Sandwich attacked by Danes, Ixxviii.
Saxoniorvm on coins of Ecgbeorht,
xix.
Scandinavia, coinages of, when initi-
ated, xlvi. ; early, imitated from
English, Ixxxii., cxxiii., cxxiv. ; from
Frankish, cxxiii. ; extent of circula-
tion, cxxv.
Scandinavia, greater, kingdoms of, in
the 10th cent., Ivii., Iviii.
Scandinavian moneyers, names of, on
coins, xliii.-xlvi.
Sceattas, coinage of, extent of cir-
culation, cxxii. ; tj^es derived from
Merovingian coin.«, cxxiii.
Scergeat, burg built by .^thelflsed,
li., lii.
'Seven Burgs,' liv. See also under
' Burgs, Five.'
Shaftesbury, mint of, and ediit of
Greatley, cix.
Sheppey, island of, attacked by
Vikings, xxii.
-GENERAL INDEX. 491
Shoiston, battle of, Ixsx.
Sidbury, mint of, cix. ; notice of,
cxviii.
Sidmoutb, mint of, notice, cxviii.
Siefer* or Sitfred, k. of Wales, rows
Eadgar on the Dee, Ixx.
Siefred, k. of Nortlumibria, assists
Hasting, the Viking, xxxviii. ; coin-
type as .Alfred's, xl. ; coins of, in
Cuerdale hoard, xlvii.
Sigvahl, the Viking, betrays Olaf
Tr\ g^vason, Ixxvi.
Sihtric the Elder, Earl, killed at Ash-
down, xxxii.
Sihtric the Younger, Earl, killed at
Ashdown, xxxii.
Sihtiic Gale, k. of Northumbria, war
with iEtlulstan and death, Ix.
Skye, hoard of coins found in, cix.,
cxx.
Solidus, a money of account in AVest-
Saxon laws, xviii. ; typo of, on coin
of Halfdan, xxxiv., xxxviii.; and on
coin of .Alfred, xxxviii., 34.
Southampton, defeat of Vikings at,
xxiii. ; attacked by Vikings, Ixxii.
;
mint fif, and edict of Greatlcy, cix.
Southiiinplon, mint of. See Hamtuuc.
Spink and Sons, Messrs., coin of
-^tlielbald belonging to, 21 n.
Stafford, burg built by .^Ethelflscd,
li., lii.
Stamford, burg built by Eadwciird I.,lii.
Stamford Bridge, battle of, xcvi.
Stcenstrup, his list of burgs founded
by iEtlulflred and Eadweard I , lii.
Stockholm Museum, its series of Anglo-
Saxon coins, xii , Ixxxi,
Stycas, coinage of, cxxii.
Surrey, under supremacy of Wcssex,
after battle of Ellandnnc, xvi.
Sussex, under supremacy of Wetscx,
after battle of Ellandunc, xvi.
Svend, k. of Denmark, invasion of
England, xxix. ; attacks Bam-
borough, Ixxiii. ; opposition to
Ciiristianity, Ixxiv. ; invasions of
Germany, Ixxv. ; joins coalition
against Olaf Tryggvason, Ixxvi. ;
receives part of Norwaj', Ixxvii. ;
revenges massacre of St. Brice, ih. ;
besieges Exeter, Norwich, &c.,
Ixxvii., Ixxviii. ; conquest of Eng-
land and death, Ixxix. ; his coinage,
Ixxxii.
Svend, son of Cnut, k. of Norway,
Ixxxvi., Ixxxvii.
Svend Estrid's ton, claims throne of
Denmark, Ixxxviii. ; offer of English
crown to, xcii.
Svold, battle of, Ixxvi.
Sweden, coinage of, imitations of coins
of Dorstat, xlvi. ; date of first coin-
age, ih. ; coin-types copied from
Enjrlish, Ixxxii.
T.
Tamwoith, burg built by .^thelflsed,
li., lii. ; besieged by Olaf Quaran,
Ixiv.
Taxes, forced levies of, Ixxviii., Ixxxiii.,
Ixxxviii.
Temple type, its Carolingian origin, xc.
Temj)sford, built by Vikings, liv. ;
taken by Eadweard I., ih. ; mint of,
notice, cxix.
Tettenhall, battle of, liii.
Tiianet, winter quarters of Vikings at,
xxviii. ; attacked by Vikings, Ixxii.
Thelwall, burg built by Eadweard I.,
lii.
Thctford, burnt by Svcud, k. of Dcn-
nuvrk, Ixxvii.
402 I.—GENERAL INDEX.
Tliorpitil. tlio Vikinp, liiu inviiMion of
Ircliiiid, xxi., xxii.
Thurkill, Kiirl of KhhI Anglia, Ixxxvi.
TonhritlKP, uiint of, notice, rxix.
Totttig, Kurl of Northumbria, bis
rivalry witli Eiirls Morkcro and
Eadwino, xciv. ; iMiniBlimcnt of, ib.
;
BCeke aid from William of Normandy
and Iliirald of Norway, xcv. ; battle
of Stamford Bridge and death, xcvi.
Totleigh, mint of, notice, cxix.
Towccstcr, burg built by Eadwcard I.,
lii.
Turfcri5, his unsuccessful invasion of
Northumbria, Ix.
Turgesius. See Thorgisl.
Types of coins, not in the National
Colleotioii, xii. ; of Ecgbeorht, de-
rived from Mercia, Kent, Canter-
bury and Charlemagne, xix., xx.,
xc. ; London monogram coins of
Halfdan and iElfrcd, xxxiv.,
xxxvii.-xxxix. ; monogram types of
Alfred, xxxix. ; of Wessex, prin-
ciple of classification, xxvi. ; of
iElfrcd with mint names, xl., xli.
;
Viking imitations of types of iElfrcd,
&c., xUii., xlv. ; hand of Providence,
buildings, &c., on coins of Eadweard
I., Ivi., cvii. ; Scandinavian coin-
types copied from ^Ethelred II.'s,
Ixxxii. ; Agnus Dei and Dove types
of iEthelrcd II., (7>. ; PACS, its refer-
ence, Ixxxv. ; double-cross type, its
fitcal significance, Ixxxix. ; pointed
helmet and crowned types of Cnut,
Ixxxix., xci., cvii., cxxv. ; monogram(Ecgbeorht) and temple typos, origin
of, xc. ; king holding Danebrog, xcii.
;
Sovereign type of Edward Conf,
xcvii. ; types, their general character
OQ Anglo-Saxon coins, cvi.,-cviii.
(chictly religious, cvii.; hand of
Proviflcnce, buildings, &c., ib. ; busts
on coins, cvii., cviii. ; portraiture,
cvii.).
u.
Ulf, Earl, his rule over Denmark,
Ixxxv. ; his treacliery to Cnut and
death, ib. ; his son, Svend, claims
tiirone of Denmark, Ixxxviii.
Ulfketil, Earl of East Anglia, his
opposition to the Danes, Ixxvi.-
Ixxviii. ; death, Ixxx.
V.
Valentinian I., type of coin of, imitated
by Halfdan, xxiv. ; and by iElfred,
34.
Verberie, marriage of ^thelwulf at,
XXV.
Viking, etymology of, Iviii. n.
Viking Ages, First and Sicond, con-
trasted, Ivi.-lviii., Ixxii. ; First Vik-
ing Age, states created .by, Ivii.
;
Second Viking Age, warnings of,
Ixxii.
Viking and Danish invasions distin-
guished, xxxi.
Viking, Danish, and Norman invasions
contrasted, xxviii., xxix.
Vikings, first invasions of, xxi. ; attack
Lindisfame, xxi. ; invade Ireland,
xxi., xxii. ; attack Island of Sheppey,
xxii. ; and Charmouth, {b. ; defeated
by Ecgbeorht at ' Hengistdune,'
ib. ; defeated at Southampton, xxiii.
;
victorious at Portsmouth, in Lin-
colnshire, East Anglia and Kent,
ib.;plunder London and Rochester,
ib. ; raids in France and Germany,
»7). ; attack Canterbury, ib.; and
-GENERAL INDEX. 493
London, xxiv. ; defeated by Beorlit-
wulf, k. of Mercia, ib. ; their first
settlument in Kent, ib. ; defeat ^tbel-
bald at Ockley, ib.; raids on Win-
cliester, &c., during rtiga of iEthel-
beariit, xxviii. ; winter in Tlianet,
and settle in East Anglia, ih. ; their
' armies,' laws and constitution of,
xxix., XXX. ; take York, xxxi.,
xxxii. ; invade Mercia, xxxii.; en-
camp at Heading, defeated at Ash-
down, ib. ; defend Nottingham, ib. ;
invade North uinbria, Mercia and
East Anglia, ib.; defeat Alfred
at Wilton, xxxiii. ; take London,
xxxiv. ; Settle in Nurthumbria, ib. ;
land in Kent and defeated by Alfred,
xxxvii. ; capture Exeter, xxxviii.
;
defeated at Buttingtou, ib. ; defeated
at Holme, xlix. ; at Paris, ib. ; settle
in Normaud}', ib. ; defeated in
Germany, //*. ; defeat at Ttttenhall,
liii. ; raids and ilcfeat of, in a.d. 914,
ib.; division of terri lories in England
and forms of government, liii., liv.,
Iv. ; raid on Wales a.d. 915, liv.
;
defeat of, ib. ; build Tempsford, ib.
;
march on Bedford, ib. ; submission
to Eadweard I., ib. ; invasions, eras
of, contrasted, (First and Second
Viking Ages) Ivi.-lviii., Ixxii. ; First
Viking Ago, statesof, Ivii. ; kingdoms
of, extent in England in 10th cent,
lix., Ix. ; cessation of raids, Ixviii.
;
I'irst and Second Viking Ages, re-
semblance of, Ixxii. : renewal of
altackn under j'Ktiiclred IL (Second
Viking Age) Ixxii.-Ixxx. See also
und'r Danish invasions of England.
Vikings, Coinage :—imitations of coins
of iElfrcd, xxxiii., xl., xli., xlii.,
xlvi. ; of coins of the Franks, xxxix.
;
of St. Eadinund ami riegmund, Abp.
of Canterbury, xlii., xlvi., xlvii.
;
during reign of uElfred, xlvi. ; estab-
lished under Guthorm (iEthelstan),
xlvii.
w.Wales attacked by Ecgbeorht, xiv.
;
by Vikings, xxi., liv., Ixxii. ; allegi-
ance of Howel, king of, Ixix.
Wardborough, burg built by JEthel-
fla;d, li. n. ; coin of, in Skye Find,
cix., cxx. ; mint of, notice, cxix.
Wareham, taken by Guthorm, xxxv.
;
mint of, and edict of Greatley, cix.
Warmington, mint of, notice, cxx.
Warwick, burg built by iEthelflaid,
li., lii.
Watchet ravaged by Vikings, Ixxii.
Waymere, burg built by Eadweard L,
lii.
Wedensborougli (Wardborough ?), burg
built by ^tiielflred, li., lii.
Wedmore, baptism of Guthorm at,
xxxv. ; Peace of, xxxv., xliv., Ixxx.
;
coins issued subsequent to Peace of
Wedmore, xli.
Weland, Viking chief, plunders Win-
chester, xxviii. ; his defeat, ib. •
Welmesford, mint of, cix. ; notice of,
cxx.
Wessex, invaded by Mercia, xiv. ;
supremacy of, xiv., xvi. ; absorbs
Kent and Western Mercin, xxxvi. ;
extent of, under Eadweard I. and
his Suns, Ixviii. ; an earldom, Ixxxvi.
;
rivalry of, xciv.
Coinage : — its extent, xi., xii.
;
when lirst Lssutd, xii. ; first coinngo
of, XV., xix., XX. ; its origin, xvi.,
xvii.; primarily Kentish, xvii. ; no
native currency before Ecgbeorht,
xviii. ; laws of, and payments I'y
kind, i7>. ; types of Ecgbeorlifa
404 I.—OKNi:UAI. INDKX.
WVhwx coiim, xix. ; clnHHiflrntion of
early coins of, xxvi. ; Frniikinh ntid
Scaiulitiaviun mnneyirs of, xlv. ;
mipromncy i»f, HOiitli of tlic Iluiiibcr,
cxxii. ; kiii^jdom of, ooinR, 1-102.
VVoswcx iiiid IMiroiii, rivalry of, xiii.
Wtvst-Snxoii Kiiii^iloni, extent of, under
.^thtdHtan, lix.
Western Mercift, supremacy of Wcssex
over, xxxvi., xxxvii.
Wcylirid^re, mint of, notice, cxx.
\Vhite, Mr. John, coin of iEthclliald,
21 II.
Willctt, Mr. Ernest, his statistics on
moneyers of Edward the Confessor,
ev. n.
William, Duke of Normandy, claims
English throne, xcv. ; assists Tostig,
ih. ; invades England and battle of
Hastings, xcvi.
Wilton, battle of, xxxiii.
Wimborne, retreat to, of iEthelwald,
son of iEthelred I., xlviii.
Winchcombc, mint of, notice, cxxi.
"Winchester plundered by Weland,
the Viking, xxviii. ; coins of, struck
by iElfred, xl., xli. ; mint of, and
edict of Grcatley, cix.
Witham, burg built by Eadweard I.
li., lii., liii. ; mint of, cix. ; notice of,
cxxi.
Worcester, its refusal to pay danegeld,
and massacre of hu-scarln, Ixxxviii.
;
new flies for coins supplied to, civ. n.,
ex.
Wulfhrard, Earl, defeats Baldrcd, k.
of Kent, xix.
Wulfstan, Abp. of York, joins Olaf
Quaran and attacks Eadinund, Ixiv.
;
his escape, ih. ; allegiance to Eadred,
Ixvi.
Xristiaxa Religio coin-typo of Char-
lemagne, 27 n.
York taken by Yikings, xxxi., xxxii.
Coinage :—coins of JEthelstan
btruck at, Ixii., Ixviii. ; moneyers
and coins of, under ^thelstan, Ead-
mund and Eadred, Ixvii , Ixviii.
York, kingdom of, added to West-
Saxon Kingdom, Ix.
( ^05 )
11.—INDEX OF MONEYEES.
*^* The numhers priuted in italics in the accompanying list correspond to the
names in italics in the lists of moneycrs under each king. Tliey are of moueyera
not represented in the Museum Collection.
I'.m; II.— INUKX OF jMONEYEIIH.
.'Kll.rU.l, ^l.i, m-J.
A:i.lf.-lin ..r /i:if.lm, 197, 213. 2^1,
'ins.
JV.\ctt\ HO-J.
i^:i«ric, 320, 325. tke nUo Mv\x\ii and
vKlfrio.
i-T^lowip. >Vc ^]lfwig.
ililewinp, 197, 221, 400. See aho
Elowine.
.i:!fcttcl, 197.
i-lllfinh, 197. See iElfhcah.
MUego, 24S.
M\ich or ^Ifcn, 243, 298, 329, 427.
iElfclm, 197, 243, 2.^)7, 258. See also
^El.lfclni.
.Elforc, iElfhcre, or Elfere, 243, 302,
310, 329, 301.
iElfer«, 243.
iElffeh, 320.
JE\ffvi, 329, 398.
iElfgwt, ^Ifgoat, ^Ifgtt, or Elfget,
197, 199, 243, 329, 396, 4 GO, 467.
.^Ifgar, Alfgar, &c,, 163, 175, 197, 208,
225, 243, 283, 294, 302, 329, 389,
40.3, 458.
iElfgcd, 197. See iElfgjct.
iElfheah, /Elfheh, or ^Ifcah, 197,
243.
^Iflicrc, 329, 361. See aho Elfere.
iElfino, 302. See .Elfwiiic.
JElfinirr, 197.
JFAhnvTc, 329.
J?M\\of>, JEluo*, Elfno», &c., 101, 163,
174, 197, 213, 214, 220, 221, 223,
226, 235, 243, 276, 278, 279, 302,
313, 3->0, 329, 391, 304, 395, 460.
.ElfriHl or Elfntl, 101, 102, 114, 122,
142, 147. 156, 160, 163, 185, 197,
243, 287, 292, 297, 302, 308, 320,
329, 331, 344, 345, 397, 398, 403,
406, 409, 412, 414. 457.
jElfric, Alfrio, or Elfrir, 101. 102. 106,
72:?, 1!>7, 200. 219. 231. 2;W, 2-13.
250, 261, 283, 294, 297, 302,
II.—INDEX OF MONEYERS, 497
243, 259, 261, 262, 267, 270, 273,
276, 282, 285, 290, 294, 295, 296,
297, 299, 302, 311, 312, 317, 318,
320, 328, 329, 343, 348, 349, 350,
359, 361, 362, 372. 374, 375, 379,
380, 382, 399, 403, 406, 409, 414,
420, 421, 433, 440, 441, 443, 444,
440, 448, 450, 451, 452, 456, 457,
460, 462, 465, 473.
^Ifwine Mus, 243.
ffilfwinig, 122.
ffilfwold, 197, 240, 243, !M4, 302, 315,
329, 442, 460, 472. See also MU-wald.
/Elfwoud, 329, 399.
iElfworci, 409. See iElfward.
M\gsciT, 400, 468.
-Elgolwinc, 243. See .^gclwine.
oilman, 302, 307.
iElmaer, 197, 243, 302, 329.
.ffilmon, 329, 341.
M\nnt, 302. See ^Ifno«.
^lno?>, 329. See JEUno^.
JElrm], Elrffid, &c., 329, 331, 345, 346.
^Iric, 243, 290, 302, 329, 373, 388.
See also JSlfric.
.(Elstan, 243. See iElfstan.
^Ivii, 327. See JEUwig.
Ji:ivion\vii, 320.
.^Iwcard or iElwerd, 243, 409, 412,
425. See also ^Ifweard.
^Iwig, loG, 302, 317, 329, 312, 421.
See also JEUwlg.
iElwinc, 197, 243, 259, 270, 285, 290,
294, 302, 317, 32'>, 329, 348, 399,
409,414. See also .Elimne.
.^nrod, 1.
Mrite, 329, 432.
iEigrcd, 197.
iErigor, 142, 144.
^rngriin, 32(\ 329, 362. See also
Arngrim.
iEruulf, 122, 126. See Arnulf.
jEscman or Escman, 163, 173, 191,
195, 197, 222, 243.
^sctl or ^sctli, 197.
^sculf or iEscuulf, 156, 160, 163, 176.
Jilscwig, 197.
jEscwine, 243.
^stiin, Astan, or Estan, 243, 245, 2.i6,
302, 303, 320, 329, 331, 423, 436,
444, 445, 446, 449.
^stann and Loc, M3, 329, 445.
.^stmajr or Estmajr, 329. See also
Eastmaer.
^tard or .^tardea, 142, 145, 156. See
also Agtard.
^tferS, 163, 176.
.^svulf, 329. See Eawulf.
^Selaf, 32, 54. See also ^?;elulf.
JE Selaver, 163, 191. See also Adelaver.
JESelberlit, 101, 243.
^Selbrand. 163.
.EXelbriht, 243.
^^elfer« or ^thclfreS, 101, 121, 163.
iE^elfred, 83, 87.
.^Selgar or Adelgar, lri6, 103, 170,
197, 239.
iE«elm, 101, 115, 122, 142, 144, 197,
213.
^Selmser or ESelmasr, 197, 221, 232,
243, 278, 279.
yE?;elman, 197, 243.
iE«eliiio(l or A^elmc.d, 101, 121, 122,
140.
.^tSclmund or A^elmund, 101, 122,
120, 142, 145.
iE?;elno« or ESSoIno?, 9, 18, 22, 24,
101, 105, 113, 142, 197, 218, 222,
243, 278.
-<E«c]red, S5, iOi, 163, 173, 191, 195,
243. See also JE^cTvd and E^iclnd.
iESelric or ^ESerio, 122, 197, 209, 237,
243, 256, 276, 288.
iEXclsie or iEScl^igc, 101, 163, 108,
177, 197.
2 K
•11)8 II.
—
indp:x of moneyeus.
/KScUliin, /K^iHlttit, >'K^.''tun, EMcl-
n.—INDEX OF MONEYERS. 499
Alward, 320.
fiOO II.— INDEX OF MUNEYER8.
IJ.ir.1.1 ..r Hiinl.I. 101, 112.
Illlrif»•r^, /"/.
Ilcugmiin.l, ;. :». U'>. Il». '22, '2:». AV/'
alto nonlmiund.
Ik-ii(;BUin, 32, fiO.
niMJimmifl, 27, 22, 23. See also Beag-
iiiiind.
B«ihro.I (.r H.iinrcil, S3. 101, 111, 122,
127.
n.ahHtan, 83, 88.
n. iil.lulf, ;.'Js'.
lUanicno, 191, 103.
nainred, 85, 101. See also B. nlircd.
BfRam, 198.
Bil-a or Beige, 101.
Bimeno, Berrucnc, &c., 191.
B.ne.liotus, 122, 127, 103, 177.
Beola. Beolau, BoUa, &c., 191, 19S,
244, 271.
Boomrd, 101, 110.
Bi'orhiio*, BcrhtDaS, ByrlitnoiJ, &c.,
198. 238, 239, 244.
Bwrlitric, 1G3, 184.
Beorlitulf, 101. See also Biorhtiilf.
Beorii, Beornn, or Biom, 244, 267, 302,
330. 439.
Booraeah or Biamcah, 27, 28.
r.t'omorc, 83, 89.
B.oriifor*, 83, 89.
Boornhae, 27, 31.
Btomhart, 1, 8.
Btomlicard, 1, 8.
B urnmjcr or Boommcr, 32, GO, 82.
Bt ornm d, Biommod, &c., 1, 6.
Boornrcd or Biornrcd, 32, 61, 83, 97.
Beorimlf, Biomuulf, or Biornulf, S3,
198.
Bt>oriiuunld, Beornwnid, Bemuuald,
BiunmunM, Byrn vidd, &c., 83, 89,
94.9.5.101, 114,122.
BwrwaM, 122. Sre Bcornwald.
Bcre! aid, 32, 71.
I^ronanl, /.>«, 163.
Borlitclm or Byrhtelm, 101, 113, 122,
127, 19R.
Btrhtcre, 32, 60.
Berlitmffir or Byrhtmsor, 198. See also
BrihtmsBr.
BerlitnaS, 198, 239. See also Btorhno«.
Berhtrcd, 83, 89, 122.
Berhtwig, 122, 127.
Berhtwine or Brelitwine, 198.
Bcriuald, 32, 50.
Bermcne, 191. See Bcmcine.
Bernald, 32, 50. See also Bemuald.
Bernard or Burnard, 101, 142, 145.
Buma«, 122.
Berncre, iOi, 142,146.
Ben.fir«, 142, 146. 16.3, 177.
Bcrngar, 83, 101.
Bernred or Bimred, 32, 61. See also
Bcomred.
Bemsige, 122, 127.
Bemuald or Bimuald, 32, 38, 43, 45,
50,51,53,54,61,80. SeeahoBi&m-
uald and Bumuald.
Bemuuald, 83, 89. Se-e also Boom-
uiiald.
Bese or Besel, 122, 142, 146.
IJianulf (Biarnulf), 122.
Biare«, 32, 38.
Biarmod, 9. See Biarnraod.
Biameah, 27, 28. See also Beomeah.
Biarneard, 101. See Biorocard.
Biarnmod or Biarmod, 9, 22, 23, 27,
28.
BiamnoS, 9, 13, 16.
Biarnred or Biomred, 32, 41, 42, 45,
61, 83, 97.
Biarnuald, 32, 42, 43, 57. See also
Birnuald.
Biamuine, 22, 23.
B arnuulf, 32.
Binrcd, 330, 399.
Biorhiild, S3.
Biorlitrir, KU.
II.—INDEX OF MONEYERS. 501
Biorhtulf or Biorhtwulf, 101, 105, 122,
128, 142.
Biorlitwald, 101.
Biorhtwulf, 122, 142.
Biorn, 830, 430. See also Boom.
Biornanl, Biorneard, Biarneanl, or
Byinard, ss, 101, 111, 122. See aho
Birniard.
Biomhclin, S3.
Blommod, 1, 6.
Biomred, 32, 61, 83, 97. See also
Beornred and Biamrod.
Biornulf, 19S. See Beornulf.
Biomuuald, 83, 94, 95. See also
Beornuuald.
Biosel or Bosol, 1, 6.
Birgstan, 1G3, 190.
BirbtferS, 19S.
Biihtsige, Byrhtaigc, &c., 19S.
Birucard, 122, 128. See also Bior-
neard.
Birncd or Birured, 32.
Birniiald, 32, 38, 43, 45, 80. See
also Bernuald, &c.
Birucr, 156, 162.
Blacaman, Blaceman, or Blacman, 19S,
244, 292, 302, 310, 320, 325, 330,
355, 356, 375, 376, 429, 460, 474.
Blacan, .90;;?.
Blaceman, 19S, 244, 292, 330, 375,
376. See also Blacaman.
Blacer, 330, 455.
Blacman, 330, 376, 429. See also
Blacaman.
Blacman, 820.
Blamian, 244.
Blarcnmn, 330, 355, 356.
Blaroro, 330, 455.
Bodric, 330.
Boeg, 122, 128.
Boga, Bogea, Boiga, or Boia, 32, 01,
83,98, 101, 105, 108, 122, 128, 142,
146, 156, 158, 160, 163, 168, 189,
191, 196, 198, 210, 218, 244, 260,
302, 320, 330, 353, 435.
Boigalet, 101, 108.
Boiusulf or Boinulf, 122, 128.
Bella, 244, 271. See also Boola.
Bonsom, 122, 128.
Borstig, 244, 281.
Bosa, 1, 8, 32, 56.
Bosel, 1, 6. See aho Biosel.
Brad, 437. See Brand.
Braintino, 244. See also Brantino.
Bralistan, 244. See Brihstan.
Brand, 244, 330, 378, 436, 437, 445.
Brantinc, 191, 19s, 244.
Breco or Bregc, 83, 89, 97.
Brehstan, 244, 288. See also Brenstan.
Brehtuo«, 244, 297. See also Briht-
no(5.
Brehtwiuc, 198.
Brencd, 42. See also Blarnreil.
Brenstan or Brcbstan, 244, 288.
Brestan, 19^.
Brotocol, 198, 244.
Bricsie. See Bricsige.
Bricsigc, 330, 406.
BricsUin, 244.
Brid or Bridd, 9, 13, 19, 244, 272, :i02,
320, 330, 370, 377, 378.
Brightmasr, 330. See Brihtmaor.
Brihclm, 244.
Brihinc, 330.
Brihfetan, 244.
Briht, H3.
Hrihtfcr« or Brihtfra?*, 163, 191, 192,
214.
Bribtlaf or Byrhtlaf, 198, 218, 22(5,
227, 235.
Brihtmror, Brihttmror, &c., 19s, 244,
283, 285. 302, 314, 330, 397, 3;t.s,
402, 437, 438, 446, 449, 450, 460,
474.
Brihtno», i5S 244, 258, 297, 330, 374,
460.
f.02 II.—IN1>KX OF MONEVEUS.
Brllitrf^l, 211. 2R8, 302, 830, 399, 403,
407, 4*21.', 4r.7.
Urilitric, I^^i^rio, or Ilrylitric, 198,
'Jit, :i()J, 330, 350, 372, 392, 393,
43'), 43t;, 437, 400, 4G4.
Urililtinwr, 302. See Brihlmscr.
IJrilitwcn, 24^1.
llrilitwi, 244, 460.
llrihtwii.o or IJyrhtwino, IDS, 244, 288,
H()2, 3:J0, 409, 418, 430, 437.
Brilitwol.l or liyrtitwold, 163, 198, 240,
244, 281, 330, 445, 400, 409.
Briliwi, 418. See Brihtwine.
Brin, 830.
Brinit, 330.
Brinstnn, 244. See Brunstan.
Brintrcil. See Brilitred.
Brinwold, 330, 421.
J?ritf.T8 or Brilitfer«, 163, 178.
Briuninc, 15t>, 161.
Brixi, 3:50, 442.
Brixoie. See Bricsige.
Bri^nrd, 32, 61.
Bri?ric, 330. See Brilitric.
Bruchysc, 330. See Brunhyse.
Bniinnc, 330.
Brum, 330, 372.
Briuua, 244.
Bruinan, Briuusan, or Brunman, 19S,
244, 281, 285, 287, 302, 330, 343,
344, 372.
Brumiiion ( = Bruiunau), 400, 465.
Bruiniian, 330, 344. See aho Bruman.
Brun, Bninn, or Bruna, 198, 230, 244,
302, 320, 326, 330, 444.
Druncar, 302, 314. See aho Brungar.
Brunctan, 244, 320. See Brunstan.
Bruiiilwinc, 330.
Brum-d, 32,41,42,45.
Bningar, Bryngar, &c., 193, 244, 283,
285, 287, 291, 302, 314, 330, 409,
423.
Brnubyso, 330, 350.
Brnnic, Bruninc, Bruninp, Brunninc,
Bryiiiiic, iScc., 103, 190, 198, 218,
244, 283, 288, 330, 372, 389, 390,
434.
Bruninnn, 244, 285, 287, 802, 330. See
aho BrumfiB.
Brunn. See Brun.
Brunuese, 330, 350. See aho Bninbyse,
Bi unnic, 244. See Bruoic.
Brunninc. See Brunic.
Brannstan. S''e Brunstan.
Brunnusel, 330, 391.
Bmnred, 320.
Brunstan, Bronctan, or Brinstan, 198,
227, 229, 240, 244, 300, 302, 317,
318, 320, 330, 454.
Bruntat, 198, 221, 244.
Brunti«, 19S.
Brunwine, Bruwin, Brynwine, or Bur-
wine, 244, 302, 316, .320, 330, 431,
432,436,437,400,471.
Bruwin, 302. See Brunwine.
Bryhtred, 19S.
Bryhtric, 198. See Brihtric.
Bryhtuald or Bryhtwald, f^3, 101, 121.
Brjngar, 244, 285. See also Bmngar.
Brynia, 244.
Bryninc, 19S, 244, 330, 390. See also
Bruninc.
Brynwine, 5.90. See Brunwine.
Buga, 32, 61, 83, 89, 98.
Bulered, 330. See Bured.
Burdel, 101, 112.
Burden, S3.
Bured or Bulered, 330, 407.
Burcwine, 244, 330, 437, 438.
BurgnoS, 27, 28, 32.
Burgwinc, 400, 471.
Burhstan or Bumstan, 191, 19S.
Burhtelm, 101.
Burhwold or Burwold, 244.
Barnard, 142, 145. See aho Bernard.
Biirncld, 101.
II.—INDEX OF MONEYERS. 503
Ilumi'lin, Buruhulm, or Byrnelm, 32,
r>oi II.—INDKX or MONEYEKS.
C«ioln, 330.
II.—INDEX OF MONEYERS. 505
Corf, Corff, or Oorrf, 302, 314,
not; II.—INDEX OF MONEYKUS:
Di-orlaf. 1(!3, 171.
Di-orninn or Dlorman, 330, 351, 412,
430, 131.
I)<-orino<l or Dooramod, 83, 99.
Dtornred, 83.
I),<.rnir, Dcorsig, Dcorrtigc, or Dyrsigc,
IVS, 214, 2G7, 273. 3U2, 330. 379.
Deoruhg, 198.
D.orulf or Diorulf, 101, 108, 110, 119,
1 12, 147, 150, 158, 163, 173, 191.
DooruuiilJ or Diuruuald, 83, 90, 101;
122.
Dormon, 330, 430, 431, 460, 470.
Dcrwino, 244.
Diar, 9, 14, 15, 16. 17, 18.
Diarald, 32, 65. See aho Diaruald.
Diurclm, 122, 129.
Diarbelm, 82.
Diarniod, 22, 24.
Diarmund, 32, 58.
Diaruald, 32, 39, 44, 65.
Diarulf, 27, 28.
Diaruuald, 101, 122. See Deoruuald.
Diga, 27, 29.
Dilion, 198, 219.
Diora, S3. See Deora.
Dioreman or Dyrcman, 193.
Dioriuan, 330, 430, 431. See also
Dcorman.
Diormod, 1, 6, 7.
Diorulf, 101, 119. See aho Dcorulf.
Dircman, 330, 400, 412.
Direme, 330, 457.
Dircwinc or Dyrewiae, 19S.
Dirinc or Dyrinc, 830, 344.
Dirsigc. 199.
Doda, Dodda, or Dode, 193, 244, 320.
Dodnic, .330.
Dodnorr>, 163.
Dodrig, 193.
Domences, 101, 116, 122, 129. See alfo
Demcnec.
Doniiuic, 101,116. Se-e aleo Domencce.
Dorlf.', 101.
Durulf, 122, 129, 147. See alto Deorolf.
D<jrwine, 193.
Dranlirig, 193.
Dregel, Drogl, &c., 122, 129.
Drciul, 142, 147.
Dring, 198, 222, 244.
Drtolf, 193.
Drhwold, 198. Sec Drybtuald.
Driuniug, 156.
Dropa or Drowa, 244, 299.
Drungar, 244.
Dryhtuald or Dryhtwald, 63, 101,
121.
Duda, 19S.
Dudda or Dudd, 27, 29, 32.
Duddinc, 302.
DudelorDudele, i9S.
Dudelet, 122, 129.
Dudeman, 156, 163, 168.
Dudewine, 32.
Dudig, 32, 65, 80, 83, 90, 95, 122, 130,
142, 147.
Dudinc, 330, 382, 397, 407.
Dudinic, 320.
Dudsemon, 163.
Duducol, 330, 426.
Duduiue, 9, 18, 22, 24.
Dufacan, 302, 309.
Dufnelm, i9S.
Duine, 32, 58.
Dulwic, 330, 400.
Dun, 9, 19, 20, 163, 169, 191, 193, 19-^.
See aho Dunn.
Dunberd, 320.
Duncild, 198.
Dunic, 191.
Duniuc, Duning, Dunninc, &c., 32, 40,
58, 60, 156, 159, 330, 377, 378, 390.
Dunn or Dunna, 27, 29. 32, 57, 58, 66,
156, 161. -See aho Dun.
Dunstan, 198, 214, 244.
Dunioaii, 302.
II.—INDEX OF MONEYERS. 507
Duraint, 122, 130.
Duran, 142, 198.
Durnnd, Durandes, or Durant, 122, 130,
163, 178, 188, 19S.
Durberd, 330.
Duriant, 101.
D urine, 330, 414.
Durlac, 83.
Durreb, 330, 400.
Durtan, 19S.
Durul, 330.
Durwig, 2M.
Dynyn, 1, 7.
Dyreman, 198. See Dioreman.
Dyrewine, 198.
Dyrbtuijer, 198.
Dyrinc, 330. See Dirinc.
Dyrsige, 244. See Deorsige.
Dyyn, 20. See Dun.
E.
Eadeasge, 199.
Eadelm or Edchn, 199.
Eadered, 83, 90.
Eadfred, 83, 90.
Eadgar or Edgar, 101, 122, 199, 220,
241, 244, 245, 283, 330, 331, 342.
Eailgild, 101, 122.
Eadlielm, 32, 83.
Eadlaf, 101, 108, 199.
Eadma3r or Eudmor, 103, 170, 199.
See also Ednia3r
Eadmund or Edmund, 83, 90, 99, 101,
109, 110, 111, 110, 122, 130, 142,
147, 156, 159, 163, 172, 186, 190,
199, 226, 244, 281, 330, 331, 407.
Eadno«, 191, 199, 211,244, 281.
Eadred, Edrcd, or Edired, S3, 102. 113,
122, 130, 245, 285, 331, 407, 410.
Eatlric or Edric, 101, 199, 215, 218,
221, 245, 275, 283, 294, 302, 318,
320, 329, 330, 331, 391, 392, 396,
404, 410, 454, 400, 466. See also
iEdric.
Eadmo«, 199.
Eadsi, 199, 245.
Eadsig, Eadsige, Ediigc, &c., 199, 227,
232, 238, 245, 262.
Eadsme, 199, 223.
Eadstan or Edstan, 82, 07, 101, 122,
130, 199, 209, 331.
Eaduald or Eadueald, 32, 40, 06. See
also Eadwald.
Eadueard, 32, 59. See also Adueard,
Eadulf or Eaduulf, 22, 24, 32, 59, 101,
lie, 156,163,215.
Eaduuald. See Eadwald.
Eadwacer or Edwacer, 199, 802, 310.
Eadwald, Eadweald,or Edwald, 32, 80,
83, 90, 24.5, 302, 330, 331, 400. See
also Eadwold.
Eadward, Eadweard, Eadwerd, Ed-
ward, Edwerd, &c., 122, 131, 199,
223, 226, 232, 245, 281, 285, 293,
296, 302, 319, 320, 330, 331, 344,
345, 346, 359, 375, 384, 385, 457,
460.
Eadwi, 199. See also Edwi.
Eadwig or Edwig, 199, 245, 289, 302,
320, 327, 330, 331, 348, 357, 372,
384, 400, 412.
Eadwiue or Edwiue, 103, 174, 191, 199,
. 223, 225, 226, 227, 233, 238, 245, 260,
262, 275, 281, 283, 286, 303, 309, 318,
320, 330, 331, 381, 385, 387, 400,404,
407, 410, 414, 415, 416, 420, 421, 422,
423, 431, 460, 462, 408.
Eadwod, 199.
Eadwold or Edwold, 199, 210, 211, 224,
226, 227, 229, 245,281, 283, 285, 302,
314, 330, 331, 397, 406, 410, 412.
See also Eadwald.
Eaenolf, 156, 161.
Eacrn, 245.
Eaetau, 32, 67.
508 II. -INDKX OF MONEYERS.
EaKnuin.l. 13. fier Kiilpnjuntl.
Ivilcti. 330.
EftliliilM'ftrd or KaMobcrd, 245,201.
Knl.lpir. 199, Wi, :W0, 112.
luil.lrtxl. 22,21, 199. 2:n.a/.5.
KaMiilf or Kal.linilf, 32, C1,'XW, 410.
KuMwiK', 3:«), 41S.
EalfBip.'. 1(53, 18t;.
Kulprtr, 245. See Ealdgar.
KulK'ftrt, 122.
Kal^,'imin.l, 9, 13.
Eulh.stnn, 83, 91, 9^ 99, 101, 190, 224,
225, 220. See ahn Alhstan.
Eiilstan, 199. See alto Eahlatan.
Earner, 199.
Eainund, 199.
Eiiniuund, 9, 13, 10.
Eanrcil, 163.
Eaiiulf, 10.3, 178, 191, 194.
Eanute, 191.
Eanwald, 9, 15.
Eanwcrd, 330.
Earcil, 330, 309.
EiirdnoS or Erdno«, 199, 245.
Eurdulf, 101, 122, 131, 142, 147.
Eardwulf, 9, 83.
YaxcA, 83.
Enraoytcl, 245. Sve Arncetel.
Earngrim, 245, 208. See also Erngrim.
Eamulf, 101. See Arnulf.
Eamwi, 320, 331, 380, 381, 428.
Rirnwulf, 83. See Eamulf.
Earward, S3.
E»istma>r. 331, 440.
Eastnicr, 400, 473.
Eaatulf, 199. Sec algo Faatulf.
Eatstan, 103, 175, 199. See aigo
Ead:)tan.
Fjiwidf, S3, 331, 373.
EaiSno>, 244. See EadnoJS.
Eoborht, 32, 07, 101, 107, 110.
Erfor», 199.
R'^jbriht, 122.
Erghr rd, 101.
Eclafor Ellaf, 83, 91, 101, 102, 111,
117,199. See also Eil&f.
Eerie, 245, 292.
Ecuulf or Ecwulf, 32, 68.
Ecwig, 331, 410.
Eowulf, 32, 08. See also Ecuiilf.
E.la, 199.
Ediolbriht, 199.
Edculf. 32, 45.
Edelgar, 83, 91.
Edelic, 331.
Edelm, 199. See Eadelm.
Edclric, 199.
Edclstan, 32, 69.
Edelstan and Gelda, 69.
Edelwine, 224. See ^Stlwine.
Edcred, 199.
Edfecer, 199.
Edgar, 244, 245, 283, 830, 331, 342.
See also Eadgar.
Edhie, 302.
Edin, 331, 397.
Edired, 122. See Eadred.
Edire«, 122.
Ediric, 245. See Edric.
Edmajr, 245, 261, 302, 309, 320, 331,
357. See also Eadniser.
Edmund, 101, 199, 244, 331. See also
Eadmund.
Edraed, 302.
Edred, 102, 113, 245, 285, 331, 407,
410. See also Eadred.
Edric, 199, 218, 221, 245, 275, 283,
294, 302, 318, 320, 329, 331, 391,
392, 396, 404, 410, 454, 460, 466.
See also .Sdric and Eadric.
Edrice ( = Edric), 2J5.
Edriec (= Edric). 55i.
Edsie or Edsii, 245, 261, 262, 331, 357.
Edsieie, 302.
Edflige, 199, 227, 232, 245, 262. See
also Eadsige.
II.—INDEX OF MONEYERS. 509
Edsigeware, 245, 2G2.
510 II.— INDKX OF M0NEYP:RS.
320, .'131, 100, 111, III. Sei: also
iiCirHtiui.
Kifiiiii.i (.r Kirwiii.i, a2, no, 122, ic:?,
171), 191. St'c aht) yElfwaltl.
Elfword, 329. See iElfward.
Elfwi or EKwic, 102, 243, 282, 460.
Str also vKlfwi.
Klfwig, 197. See iElfwig.
Elfwinc, 273, 27G, 282, 329, 313, 350,
3G1, 375, 3119, 40.3, 420, 421, 433,
441, 443, 444, 4G0, 4(J2. See also
iElfwino.
Eli, 32, 38, 55.
Elln, 27, 29.
EUaf, S3, 102, 111. See also Eclaf.
Elrsed or Elrcd, 329, 331, 345, 346.
See also iElrajd.
Eiric, 331, 381.
Elsii 0, 453. See Elfsie.
Elsipo, 329. See ^Ifsige.
Elst, 24.1.
Eltan, 331, 3G2.
Elwinc, 331, 421, 444.
Eulx>rht, 101. See also Cenberht
Endiwern, 243.
Endric or Enric, 331.
Engilberht, 102.
Engilbrcd, 142, 148.
Enrip, 331.
Eoda, 199.
Eodin, 142.
Eodmnn, 199.
Eoferard, i«3.
Eoftrcd, 15G. 159.
Eofermimd or Efermund, S3, 102, 113,
122, 131. 163.
Eofenilf, 1G3, 174.
Eofrcd, 4>i0.
E'la, 331, 3G1.
Eol», 245.
Eonrcd, 303.
Eorflf, 331.
E.irod or EoroiS, 142, 156, 160, 171, ISG.
Eowiiio, 303.
Emrd, 102. See Efrard.
ErcoiilmM, 122, 163.
Erduo*, 2-15. See EardnoJS.
Ere, 102, 111.
Ertmbald, 122.
Krewino, 199, 212,
Kr.«ic, 122. See Fre«ic.
Erfric, 331, 357.
Ergimbult, 122, 140.
Ergrim, 303. See Erngrim.
Eric, 102.
Ericil, 122.
Ericuuald, 32, 69.
Erim or Erimcs, 142, 156.
Ermwi, 331.
Erucctel, Erncyttl, or Erncil, 305, 331,
302, 460, 463. See also Amcetel
and Earncytel.
Erngrim or Ergrim, 245, 303, 329, 331,
362, 363. See also Amgrim and
Earngrim.
Eruwi, 303.
Erostulf, 199.
Ero«, 148. See FroiSric.
Ertan, 446. See Estan.
Escea, 199.
Escman, 191, 195. See also .^scman.
Esctli, l'J9.
Estan, 243, 245, 256, 303, 329, 331, 423,
445, 446. See also iEstan.
Esther, 331, 397.
Estmajr, 331. See ^stmscr.
Estmund, 331, 410, 453, 454, 455.
Eswig, 199, 234. See also Ascwig.
Etfern, 163.
Etile, S3.
Etrum, 102.
Etsigc, 245, 2G1, 284, 291, 303, 320,
331, 353, 407. See also Eadsige.
Etstan, 24i, 331, 374. See also Eadstan.
Ettige, 245. See Etsige.
Eturcol ( = Styrcol ?), 331.
II.—INDEX OP MONEYERS. 511
Eulgart, 122, 132.
512 II. INKKX OF MONEYERH.
FmiilmM. .93.
Fninl. 102, 110, 122, i:!2, 112, MH,
150, 151).
Fro<lar.l or Fndml, 122, 141, 112, 155.
Frl<•^ric, l(j4, 186. Stie aUo Fro«ric.
Fn•^ur(^, V>2. S<f also Vu dard.
Fn^i rir, InH S'C Kro^^ic.
Fri'?lt)winr, 24f). S'^e FriScwino.
FroJSic, Fre«ice8,or FruSiciu, 122, 142,
148, 156, 161, 164, 169, 184, 245, 282.
Frio«ulf, «3.
Fri?;, &3.
Fri?!c<.l. 245, 204, 2G8.
FriSfbi rht, Fri«cbriht, or FriXclberht,
83, 91, 102.
FriStmund, 331.
FriSowino or FriSiwine, 245, 292, 303,
331. Ste also Fre*ewine.
Fri«i, 320, 327.
Froma or Frome, 331, 352, 353.
Fron, 331, 352, 460, 462.
Frostulf or Fr08«ulf, 199.
Frotgar or Frotger, 102, 113, 12 ). See
aho FroXgar.
Frotierm, 102.
Fro«, 142, 148.
Fro«gar or Fro«ger, 102, 156, 158.
See also Frotgar.
Fro«ric or Frc«eric, 142, 148, 156, 159,
164, 171. See also Frco«ric.
Fry«cmund, 164, 199, 238.
Fugel, 102, 117, 122, 132, 141.
Fulrad, 102.
Fyhtltflp, 199.
Fynuclm, 142.
G.
Gaoald, 83.
GftrLftr.l, 83, 91,95, 102, HI.
Garfiu, 199, 331, 396.
Gamwi, 331.
Garuiuc, 32, 71.
Garulf, 83, 102, 199, 245, .331, 440, 448.
fu'oilaf, 2-in.
Gclda, 32, 69.
(Jeldcwinc, Gildcwino, Guldcwinc, or
Gyldcwinc, 303, 308, 331, 344, 345,
.346, 347, 387.
Gcnard, 102, 106.
Gcola, 331, 3G3.
Gertfin, 460.
Geundferd or GundferS, 122, 132.
Giencea, 102.
Gife or Gire, 102, 199, 831, 395.
Gilacris or Gillacris, 303.
Gildewino, 331, 347, 387. See also
Geldewine.
Gilles, Gillus, Gillys, or Gyllis, 142,
164, 171, 186.
Gilm, 164. See also Cylm.
Gilpin, 331, 420.
Giinulf, 245, 268. See aho Grimnlf.
Giodwine, 199. See Godwine.
Giolwulf (Ciolwulf ?), 32.
Giougbald, 102, 112, 122.
Gire, 331. See Gife.
Gis, 102.
Gislehclm, 142.
Gislemer, 102, 117, 123, 142, 149
Glifwine, 331, 410.
Glonnulf, 191.
Gnapa, 123. See Cnapa.
Gnorine, 245.
God or Godd, 199, 216, 217, 225, 24.5,
303, 314, 316.
Goda or Godda, 32, 71, 80, 199, 213,
229, 230,233, 236, 245, 290, 291, 303.
Godaeg, Godog, or Godieg, 199, 234.
Godaman, 245, 286, 303. See also
Godman.
Godan, 245, 303.
Godcild, Godrildd, or Gotcild, 245,
295, 305, 320, 331, 438.
Godcirca, 245.
I Godd, 245, 316. See also God.
II.—INDEX OF MONEVEKS, 513
Goddere, 215, 284. See also Godere.
Godefer<5, Godefre<5, Godefri^, Gode-
fry«, or Godfcr«, 15G, IGl, 199, 245,
274, 275.
Godeg, 199. See Godaeg.
Gudela«, 245.
Godelef, Godeleof, Godkof, or God-
leow, 199, 234, 235, 245, 274, 331,
455.
Godelfold, 331.
Godeman, 199, 227, 245, 2G0, 28G, 299,
331, 439. See also Godruan.
Goder, Godere, or Goddoie, 199, 224,
245, 284, 286, 287, 331, 410.
Goderic, 331, 428. See also Godric.
Godesbrand, 331, 426, 460.
Godesune, Godsune, Godsunu, or Got-
8unu, 245, 820, 331, 375, 397, 404,
458.
Godfer«, 199. See Godefer«.
Godgod, 245.
Godi, 831.
Godic, 245.
Godieg, 199. See Godseg.
Godin or Godine, 142, 149, 308. See
also Godwine.
Godine, 199, 232, 245, 308. See also
Godine.
Godlamb, 331, 375.
Godleof, 245, 274. See also Godelef.
Godleow, 199. See Godi lef.
Godman, Godaman, Godeman, God-
mon, or Go«raan, 199, 210, 211, 212,
224, 227, 229, 238, 240, 245, 260,
264, 268, 282, 286, 289, 299, 808,
331, 380, 410, 434, 439, 446.
Godra, 199.
Godric, Goderic, Goodric, Goric, or
Gotric, 199, 217, 226, 227, 245, 259,
270, 271, 274, 276, 280, 282, 284,
286, 293, 303, 308, 312, 316, 320,
325, 326, 331, 340, 341, 371, 373,
382, 384, 387, 388, 390. 391, 392.
393, 394, 395, 4(0, 405, 407, 410,
412, 414, 415, 416, 417, 426, 428,
434, 443, 456, 460, 468, 470, 474.
Godric and Calic, 24), 820.
Godric and Swot, 245, 280.
Godrine, 199.
Godsie, 303, 314. See also Guldsie. '
Godsige, 303, 314. See also Goldsige.
Godsune or Godsunu, 245, 320, 331,
404, 458. See also Godesune.
Godwi, 245, 331, 400, 456.
Godwic or Godwig, 199, 331, 404.
Godwin, 245, 381.
Godwine or Godwince, 803, 331, 384.
Godwine and Ceoca, 331.
Godwine, 199, 210, 211, 212, 217, 218,
222, 227, 229, 235, 239, 240, 245,
256, 258, 270, 271, 272, 275, 276,
278, 284, 287, 289, 290, 292, 293,
298, 299, 303, 311, 313, 314, 315,
320, 327, 328, 331, 341, 343, 348,
349, 351, 354, 355, 364, 373, 375,
380, 383, 384, 385, 386, 397, 398,
400, 402, 404, 405, 407, 408, 410,
413, 414, 417, 420, 423, 427, 431,
432, 439, 444, 445, 447, 449, 450,
456, 457, 460, 462, 466.
Godwine and Caa, 245, 298.
Godwine and Ceoca, 245, 308, 320.
Godwine and Stewer, 808.
Godwine and "NVidia (Wudia), 245,
a05, 331,447.
Godwine and Wudia, 320, 328.
Goere, 245, 286. See also Godere.
Goinc, 245.
Gola or GoUa, 200, 831.
Golda, 320, 325.
Goldan, 381.
Goldcytel, 320, 325.
Goldman, 331, 3ol, 400.
Goldsie, Golddige, or Goltsige, 303,
313, 314, 320, 331, 401. 402, 404,
111.
2 L
514 II.—INDEX OF MONEYERS.
OoldHtnti. 2011
Ool.liiH, 200, 2:W, 2\r>, 202.
Gohlwino, 200. 22fi. 233, 331, 380, 383,
404, 4r.3, 400, 473.
Golprim, 2()<). See Colprim.
(Jollft, 2(X). Ser ahi) (Sola.
fJoltaipo. 30.1, 331, 101, 402, 404. See
al»n Ooldsigo.
Goltsino, 331, 401. 408.
Gomnn, 245, 28fi.
Gonwinc, 245, 303. See Godwine.
GiXMlric, 24o. See Godric.
Goric, 303, 308. See also Godric.
Gotji or Gotiif, 102, 117, 123, 132.
Gotcild, 245, 303. See Godcild.
Gotric, 245, 284. See also Godric.
(iotsalin, 245.
Got^Hiiu, 331, 375. See also Godcsunc.
Gowino, 299, 303, 311. See also
Godwino.
Gowno, 331.
(JoSroaii, 245. See Godman.
Go?rie, 331. See Godric.
Grid, 1G4, ISO, 189.
Grim, 142, 149, 156, 158, 164, 168,191,
196, 200, 223, 241, 245, 272.
Grininn, 245.
Grimcetcl or Grimcytcl, 245, 278.
Griniolf or Grimulf, 245, 205, 268, 303,
331.
Grimwald, 83, 91, 95, 102, 123.
Grind, 191, 194, 200, 222.
Grinulc, 331. See Grimulf.
Grucan, 24.i, 267. See also Crucan.
Gniiipir, 245.
Gnirn, 246, 264. See also Crurn.
Guldcwinc, 331, 344, 346. See also
Gcldowino.
(Jnnar or Gunor, 200.
GHniUK>rlit, S.9.
Gundfer», 122, 132. See ahn Gound-
for».
Gunliwat, 200, 24r,.
Gnnloof or Gunnlcof, 200, 216, 277.
(lUnno, S3.
Gunni, 200, 209.
Gunnula, 191.
Gunnulf, 164.
Gunsig, 246.
Gunstan, 200.
Guntcr, S3.
Gunucrd, 164, 180.
Guolfwino, 331, 374.
Gustan or Gustin, 246, 279.
GuShcre, 32, 71.
Gu«ort, 331.
Gu«rcd, 331, 383.
Gwelic, 331, 455.
Gyldewine, 303, 308, 331, 344, 345.
See also Geldcwine.
Gyllis, 164. See Gilles.
Gynsige. See Cynsige.
Gytel, 156. See Cytel.
H.
Haculf, 164, 180.
Hadebald, 83, 128.
Hregenrede, 102.
HxTgod or Haregod, 331, 421, 422.
II?erra, 303, 309, 320.
lijerred or Herred, 331, 442, 443.
Hafgrim, 191, 194.
Haldbere, 32, 71.
Haldene, 331,429.
Hana or Hanen, 123.
Hancrcut, 191, 194, 200. See also
Mancrent or Nancrent.
Hangrim, 191.
Harcin, 331, 431, 458. See also
Mnrcin.
Haregod, 331, 422. See also Hsergod.
Harger, 102, 117.
Harucytel, 200. See Arncytel.
HarSaciiut, HarSecnut, or HuarSccnut,
246, 303.
II.—INDEX OF MONEYERS. 515
Hateman or HatmaD, 246. See also
Hwateman.
HaiSebald, S3.
HaiSelberht, 102.
Ha«elwold, 102, 117.
Hcahearhf, 22, 24. Set also Hcre-
bearht.
Heahmotl, 27, 31.
Healf, 32.
Heardher, 83, 91.
Hear^ecnut, 246. See Har^acnut.
Heauulf, 32, 50, 71. See also Ilrawulf.
Heawulf or Heauulf, 32, 50, 71, 200,
228.
Hea«ewi, 460, 473.
Hea«ulf or He«ewulf, 331, 451.
Hebeca, 9, 14, 32, 56.
Hedebeald, 9.
Heirseric, (Ciresrien ?) 32, 62.
Heldalt, 102, 107.
Helican, 32, 71.
Hcrebaldor Herebtald, 9, 14, 15, 17,
22, 24, 27, 30, 32, 83.
Herebearht, Hereberht, Hercbert,
Heriberht, Herebreht, or Herebyrht,
9, 17, 24, 32, 46, 164, 180, 200, 220.
Hcrebeav, 102.
Hereberht, 200. See Herebearht.
Herebert, 32, 40, 164, 180. See ahoHerebearht.
Herebreht or Herebyrlit, 200, 220.
See also Herebearht.
Hereferd, Hereford, or IIerefre<5, 22,
24, 32, 40, 71, 164.
Heregcard, 22, 24.
Hereman, 123, 164, 180.
Heremfretia, 83.
Ileroinod, 32, 72, 83, 96, 98, 102, 123,
132, 142, 1.56, 104, 174.
Heremund, 22, 25, 32, 72.
Herculf or Hcrouulf, 27, 30, 32, 72.
Herowig, 123, 133, 156.
Heriberht, 32, 46. Sec also Ilerebiarht.
Herigar or Heriger, 142, 156, 161, 164,
180.
Herolf or Horolfcs, 164, 189.
Herred, 331, 443. See also Hserred.
Herric, 102.
Herulf or Herwulf, 200. See aho
Hereulf.
Hewulf, 200. See Heawulf.
He«ewulf, 331, 451. See also Hea«ulf.
He«ul, 83.
Hiardi, 200.
Higolf. See Hingolf.
Hild, 191, 196.
Hilde, 164.
Hildeomert, 123.
Hildolf or Hildulf, 102, 142, 200, 216,
246, 263, 265, 268, 320.
Hildred, 246.
Hildsige, 200.
Hildulf. See Hildolf.
Hiltwine, 164.
Hingolf or Ingolf, 164, 181, 191.
Hlangulf, 331, 419.
Horn, 331, 423.
Hotaf, 123.
Hrodear or Hro«gar, 102, 112, 123,
142.
Huna, 246. See Hunna.
Iluubearht or Hunberht, 9, 13, 14, 17,
18, 22, 25, 32, 72.
Hunbein, 164, 181. See also Unboin.
Hundolf or Hundulf, 200, 21.5.
Iluneinan, 200, 246, 202.
Hunewine, 200, 236, 240, 201, 331,
357.
Hunfrtd or IIuiifrc«, 32, 40, S3.
Hungar, 102.
Hunia, 200.
Kuniga,. 200.
Hunlaf, 83, 98, 102, lOS, 123, 133,
142.
Hunna, 246,303,320.
lluured, 9, 18, 22, 25, 142, 149.
2 I. 2
r.in IMU.X •»!• MoNKYKKS,
Ilunric, JO-J.
IlnnKnfl. 11'.', I.V).
HiiMKiK''. I2:<. VXi.
IIiiiiHtun, 'JiiO.
Hiitnirl, .Tll.aSK, IJ'.tO, it'.M.
HuH<l>al<l. 112, ir>0
IIu8.«n, '2'.
IIiiHtkn, I'J].
llwilHt'lllliD, 2ix>.
ilwaliiiiitiii, Ilvvatiiiriiiii, iir llwatiiiiiii,
•M0,'SS\,21i;,:{():i, .W), ^32, ;H2, 355.
^V^ aUo Hntemau mid Watunian.
Hv80, 2(X).
loocreo, 332.
Icoriff, 332.
Idn, 32, 72.
ledulf, 123.
I.'lfgcht. 396. See .tllfgajt.
lelfi, 460.
Iflfwine ( = .'Elf\vinc), 350, 372. 452.
Ifo, 1.
Ifinc (Lifinc?), 3.Vi?.
Igere, 102, 123, 13:1
Igereii, «.3.
Ildnbcrht, 102.
Here, 102. S.e Igere.
Iluld, 2-i(;, 305.
Indolf, 191. See also In golf.
Iiigft. 1(>2.
Ingclbcrd, 1G4, 1S5.
Ingelberht or Ingelbert, 102, 123.
Ingelbric^, 164. See aho Ingelrics.
Ingclgftr, 123, 133, 142, 150.
Inpelric or Ing.lrice, 102, 1 12, 164, 200,
238.
Ingoir, 1«4, ISl. 191. Ste uhn Indolf
and Ilingiilf.
Ingolfor?, 1»)4, 189.
Inpuoo?, 142, 150.
lorctel, loi-itel, «.r I.iket.l. r>32. 366, 367,
3fi8, 363, 460, 463.
lofcrnnmd, 83. 98.
lohann or lolian, 102, 117, 161, 191.
See also lulian.
I'.kctcl, 332, [iW. Ste aho Iocott!l.
lola, If.Ua, or lole, 332, 363, 365, 366.
lolana or lonana, .332, 359.
lolcs, 164, 185.
lolla, 332. See loin,
lonana, 3.i2. See lolana.
lora, 3.32.
Inrel, 332.
lounus, 246.
Ira, Ire, or Irra, 200, 216, 246, 265.
Irfara, 83, 99.
Irra, 200, 216. See also Ira.
Iscula. 303.
Isegol, 200.
Isegod, Isgod, or Isengod, 200, 213,
246.
Isembert, 164, 181.
Iseward, 246.
Isgod. See Isegod.
Isidemau, 320.
Isnel(= Snel?), i02.
Isulf, 164, 191.
lua, 83, 92.
ludelbard, 32, 73.
lufinc, 200.
lugblet, 332, 361.
luhan, 164, 169. See also loban.
Iulfer«, 3.32, 373.
lulstan, 200.
Iiirelel, 332, 362.
Instan, 200, 246. See lustegeii.
lustegen, lustein, or lustin. 246.. 279.
lustin, 246. 279. See lustegen,
Ivc, 142, 155, 164, 182.
K.
Kuapa, 191. See Cuapa.
Kynsige, 200. See Cynsigf.
II.—INDEX OF MONEYERS. 517
L.
Lacer or Sacer, 191, 19G.
Laduu-cr, Ladiner, or Lodmrer, 24G,
298, 303, 318, 820, 332, 443, 447.
Lajfwi, 320. See Leofwi.
Lafe, 200.
Landac, 102, 117.
Landa), S3.
Landfer«, 142, loO, 246.
Landwine, 123, 134.
Lanfer, 83, 97.
Lcoewine (=Leofwiae ?), 24^.
Lcrie, 246.
Lecfer<5, 164.
Lefa, Leofa, or Leva, 200, 220, 246, 275.
Lcfcetel, 332.
Lefden, 303.
Lefedei, 303. See Leofdasi.
Lefei, 246.
Lefena« or LefcuoS, 303, 308, 320,
325, 332, 381. See also Leofena« and
LeofnoS.
Lefinc or Lefing, 1G4, 185, 200. Se^
also Leofinc and Lifinc.
Jjefiiian, 332, 384. See Leofnian.
Lefric, 200, 303, 454. S<'e aho Leofric.
Lefstan, 303, 308, 320, 327, 332, 344.
See aho Leofstan.
Lefstan and Swenc, 246.
Lefwi, 332, 389. See ahu Leofwi.
Lefwinc, 318, 319, 392, 413, 420, 424,
431, 458. See aho Leofwine.
Lefwold, 191. See Leofwold.
Leifiiic, 314. See Lifing.
Lcifwino, 2(X>. See aho liCofwiiip.
LciftSo*, 200.
Leisinc, 460, 463.
Lcmnian, 246. See Leonitnnn.
Lonna, 164, 182.
Lcocrine, 431. See Leofwine.
Lood.t<ii, 246. See LonfdaMi.
Leodmaor or LeomjEr, 246, 298, 303.
See aho Ladmrcr.
Leofa, 200, 246, 275. See Lefa.
Leofajlm, 200, 233.
Leofdajg, 832. See aho Leofedajg.
Leofdaji or Lefedei, 505.
Leofdffin, 246, 293. See aho Locfdegn
.
Leofdag, 200.
Leofdeg or Leofdegn, 246, 293. See
aho LeofSegn.
Leofedffig, 246. See also Leofdaig.
Leofen or Leofrne, 191.
LeofenaS or LeofenoS, 277, 303, 363,
365. See aho LefenatS and LeofuotS.
Leofgar or Leofgajr, 164, 200, 246.
Leofget, 200.
Leofgod, 200.
Leofhclm, 164, 189, 200, 233. ^.>e
aho Lioflielm.
Leofhere, 246.
Leofhese, Leofhyse, or Lcofhuse, 200.
Leofinc, Leofinces, or Leoflng, 164, 189,
200, 246, 279. See aho Lefinc and
Lifinc.
Leofine, 200.
LtofmEer or Leousajr, 246, 303.
Leofman or Lcfman, 200, 332, 384.
Leofinor, 200.
Leofinon, 200.
Leofmo«, 200.
Leofn, 200, 216, 332, 373.
Lcofna^, 246. See Leofena* ami
IjCofnoS.
Leofnel, 164, 189.
Leofnod, 200. See LcofnoS.
Leofno« or Liofno«, 200, 220, 221, 224,
228, 246, 258, 274, 277, 303, 308.
312, 320, 332, 361, 363, 365, 373,
381, 390, 401. S,e oho LefenaS and
Leoftnai^.
Leofred, Lifred, or Liofnd, 2'i0, 24(),
286, 303, 314, .120, 3.32. 35'.'. 397.
401, 401. 4(tS, 411. 433. 451.
518 II. INIiKX OF MONEYEllS.
Li-ifDMl anil nnin, '^IH, -W".
LfMifrir, Lii.fric, or Lofric, 102, 12:{,
i:il. 112. l')0. I(i4, 200, 210, 211,
22K, x\2, 2 It;, '2:.!), 27:^ 278, :jo:{,
:u:{, .'{14, aid, :i2>, 3:!2, 37;), 383,
:is8, lot;. 1 1 1, 420, 42 1, 432, 435, 460.
Loofrino, 200. See Ixjofwine.
UM.fry.l, 200, 228.
Loofsi, 240, ICO. 4t;8. ,SVe also
Lfofsigo.
Lcofsif, 332, 408.
Loof8i;< or Leofsigo, 104, 170, 200, 21G,
217, 240, 270, 272, 284, 332.
Li'ofstaii, Leostan, or Liofstaii, 15C,
l.xS lt;4, 108, 190, 200, 210, 211,
215, 224, 22.5, 22 G. 228, 246, 282,
284, 303, 315, 320, 326, 327, 332,
344, 345, 347, 371, 374, 397, 422,
427, 439, 440, 443, 460, 4G6, 470.
See aho Lefstan and Lifstau.
Lcofstegt'D, 246.
Lcofsuuu, 200, 240, 297.
Leofward, Leofword, Liofweard, or
Liofwcrd, 24i!, 332, 350, 351, 38G,
4 GO, 4GG.
Leofwi, 246, 303, 32\ 332, 384,401.
See aho Lajfwi and Lcfwi.
Lfofwic, 332, 419. See also Leofwig.
Loofwig or Lofwig, 200, 212,2J^,303,
312. 3.32, 404.
Loofwiiic, 332, 357.
Leofwint', Leowine, Ijifwini^, or Liof-
wino, 164, 200, 208, 220, 221, 224,
226, 228, 229, 246, 260, 261, 262,
272, 274, 277, 278, 279, 280, 282,
284, 286, 288, 290, 292, 293, 295,
21M;, 298, 303, 307, 309, 313, 315,
317, 318, 319, 320, 332, 344, 345,
347, 353, 371, 374, 377, 379, 383, 388,
.389, 392, 404, 408, 411, 413, 418,
419. 420, 423, 424. 425, 427, 431,
\X\, 41.^. 444. 44.i, 4.'>4, 4.")5, 457,
458. 4i;0. 161. 4i;i. 171.
Loofwold or Liofwold, 164, 200, 224,
239, 246, 284, 286, 293, 298, 332,372,
396, 450, 451, 452, 460, 464, 473.
Lijolword, 3:i2, 3.")1 , 386. See alto Leof-
ward.
LeofSegen or Leof«cgn, 2^/), 303. 307,
320, 332, 342. See aho Lcofdogn.
Leomajr, 246, 303. See also Leofmser.
Leomun, 200. See Leofman.
Leoraman or LcmiuaD, 246.
Leomrcd, 24G.
Leonig, 320.
Leoric. See Leofric.
Leostan, 246, 303. See Leofstan.
Leowi or Leowii, 246, 295.
Leowic. See Leofwic.
Leowidi, 246.
Leowine, 280, 293, 303, 411. See aho
Leofwine.
Leowsige, 200. See Leofsige.
Leo«an, 246, 279.
Lerman, 246.
Leuinc, 156, 162.
Leva, 200. See Lefa.
Levig, 164, 191, 195.
Lewerd, 246.
Liuba or Liuba, 9, 16, 17.
Liabinc or Liabincg, 22, 25, 27, 30, 32.
Liadrafen, 303, 312.
Liafiuc, 123, 134.
Liafwald, 32.
Lifere, 332.
Lific or Lifice, 277, 332, 360, 372,
473. See aho Lifinc.
Lifinc, Lifing,or Lyliuc, 102, 121. 142.
150, i56, 164,200, 210, 226, 228, 229,
246. 270, 277, 280, 282, 284, 2S9, 295,
303,314, 317, 320, 326, 332, 358, 359,
401, 408, 413, 440, 441, 443. 444, 445,
448, 449, 451, 452, 456, 458, 460,464,
471, 473. See alao Lefinc, LeofiDc,
Liofinc, and Lufinc.
Lifiiio. 303, 358. See Lifinc.
II.—INDEX OF MONEYERS. 519
Lifred, 303. 314, 332, 401, 404. See
also Leofred and Liofred.
Lifsig, 332. See Leofsige.
Liftitan, 344. See Lcofstau.
Lifwidya, 2i6.
Lifwinc, 332, 345, 377, 383, 423, 425,
455. See also Lcofwiuc.
Lifwine and Hurn, 332, 423.
Ligobird. 123, 134.
Lind, 200.
Lindwin, 246.
Lioeri, 200. See Leofric.
Liofeuod, 381, 390. See also LiofnoS.
Liofhclm, S3, 102, 111, 123, 134, 24G,
279. See also Leofhelci.
Liofiuc, 332, 413, 445. See also Lifiuc.
Liofmau, 246.
Liofn, 246.
Liofiieu, 24G, 279.
Liofuo«, 200, 221, 246, 332, 381, 390.
See also Leofno<5.
Liofred, 200, 332, 352, 401, 411, 433.
See also Leofred.
Liofric, 200, 332, 383, 388, 420. See
also Leufric.
Liofsige, 284. See also Leofsige.
Liofstan, 1G4, 168, 190, 200, 246, 332,
347, 440. See also Lcofstan.
Liofwcard or Liofwerd, 246, 332, 386.
See also Leofward.
Liofwine, 200, 246, 277, 282, 332, 347,
374, 383, 408, 420, 424, 425, 433.
See also Lcofwine.
LiofwoM, 200, 224, :i:{2, 450. Srr also
Ltofwuld.
Liouiiig, 102.
Litclmnn or Litilman, ]02, 117, 123,
134, 156. See also Lytulinan.
Liiman, 200. See Lytclinan.
Liuba, 0, 16. See Liaba.
Liufgod, 200. See Livogod.
Livcgod, 200.
Living or Liwing, 200.
Liwine, 246, 277.
Liwing, 200. See Living.
Log, 246, 332, 438, 444, 445.
Loda, 246, 300.
Lodmtur, 303. See Ladiiia;r.
Lofman, 332. See Lcofman.
Lofric, 332. See Leofric.
Lofwig, 332. See Leofwig.
Lofwine, 320. See Lcofwine.
Lowman, 164.
Luceman or Lycoman, 22, 25.
Luda, Lude, Ludia, or Ludda, 32, 200,
213.
Ludeca, 33, 73.
Ludig, 33, 73.
Lueinc, 332, 435.
Lufa, 200, 246, 290.
Luferic, 240.
Lufestan, 246.
Lufie, 332.
Luffinc or Lufinc, 200, 229, 332, 460,
471. See also Lifiuc.
Lufric, 303, 332. See Leofric.
Lufstan, 332. See Leofston.
Lufwine, 246, 332. See Lcofwine.
Lulla, 27, 30, 33, 58, 74.
Lumar, 200.
Luning, 33.
Lyceman, 22, 25. See also Luceman.
Lyefca or Lyva, 200.
Lyfinc, 164, 200, 228, 246. See also
Lifinc.
Lyfsye, 200.
Lylelman, Lytinian, or Litman, 200,
217. <SVe a/so Litehnan.
Lyva, 20<). See Lyefea.
M.
Macsu<5;in, 2H'., 277.
Majgrcd, 164.
Ma)ld or Mfuldomen, 102, 1 10, 123, 135.
MadsuSan or Ma-lsuSen, 164, 112,191.
020 II.—INDEX OF MONEYERS.
M/vrloii or MuTlin, 102, 109, 123, l•^r^,
2<)(). Sri' aim Martin nnd Mi-rtin.
Mnpnnrd, .S.7, J(>2.
Mali. /"!'.
Miin, Mann, Mana, Manaii, Manna, <ir
Mnnnc, !», 15, KJ, 17. H>, 27, 80, 83,
;t2. 102, 112, 12.3, 13!), 140, 142, 144,
i:.i. ir.-). 1.5C, 162, i«;4, loi), 174,
182, 18.1, i.'>;, 200, 214, 2.3G, 24G,
288, 2;»t;, .303, 31.'), 332, 344, 345,
31(5, 347, 304, 395, 4r,0, 470.
Mann. Sre. Man.
Mnnac, 33'2,
Mnnnn. See Man.
Manrrent, 2(X>. See alao Hanorent.
Mancca, 142, 151.
ManetKl, 136. See. Manngod.
Manetn, 123.
Mangod, 200, 214, 246.
Maninc or Manninc, 9, 13, 18, 19, 22,
25. 27, :i0. 33, 5G. 57, 102, 246. See
also Mnning.
Maning or Manning, 104, 18.3, 200, 231.
Mai.leof. 303, 320.
Mann. See JIan.
Manna. .S'" Man.
Maniu'. See Man.
^lannecin, 142, 155.
Manugwl, 15G, 159, IGO. -See also
Mangwl.
iMannic, 191. See also Alanine.
Mannicen, 123, 125. See also Manticen.
Manninc. See Maninc.
Manning. See Maning.
Manolct, 156.
Mansat, 164, 170.
Mansigc, 246.
Mantat, 164, 191. See also Mansat.
Manticen, 102, 112, 123, 125, 164, 190.
Manwine, 200, 332, 355.
Marbcrt. S3.
Marctr or Marcere, 164, 183, 332, 356.
See aUo Morcere.
Marciri, 332, 431, 4.'58.
Marrirale or Marsceale, IGt, 175.
Martin, 123, 135, 142, 200. See nhn
Miurtin and Mcrtin.
Matan, 2t6. See aho MatciSan.
Mata«an and Balluc, 246.
I\ratc«an or Mat«an, 246, 278, 280.
Ma«elwoId, 102.
Mugenfre*, 102, 118.
Mcgored, 191. See aho Megred.
Mcgred, 102, 110, 123, 136.
Melsdon, 191.
Merewine, 201.
Mertin, 164, 187. See aho IVIrRrtin
and Martin.
Mna, 201.
Moelf, 33, 74.
Moglu, 34«.
Moleman, 246.
Mon«egen or MonSign, 102, 114, 120.
Morcere, 332, 356. See aho Marcere.
Morgna, 164, 183.
Morre, 332.
Munred, 142.
Mus, 246.
N.
Nanan, 164, 183.
Nancrent, 191, 194, 2fil. See also
liancrent.
Nanue, 112. See Manne.
Nansige, 123.
Nau«mn, 303.
Na^an, 280. See Mat«an.
Nebeca, 14, 33. See Hebeca.
Nelican, 71. See Helican.
Nerebeald, 17. See Herebeald.
Nerebeuer, 17. See Herebearbt.
Nieici, 246.
Norbert, 142, 154.
Norulf, 24G, 294.
Nor»berd, 164.
II.—INDEX OF MONEYERS. 521
Nor«gar, 142, 151.
Nor«man, 246, 303, 320.
No^cr, 102,118.
No«ulf, 22, 25.
Nimbeaiit or Nutibeurlit, 14, 17. See
Hunbearht.
Nvbald, 102.
o.
Oba, 1, fi.
Oban, 201, 21.5,210.
Obn, 24(k
Oda, 102, 118, 123, 133, 1G4, 189. 191.
201, 215, 238, 240, 2'.)7, 300.
Odan, 2n. See Oban.
Odcotel, 211.
Odda, 201. See Oda.
Ode, 246. See Oda.
Odea, 201, 246. See Oda.
Odgrim, 201. See O^grim.
Odo, 83, 102. See aho Oda.
Odu, 201. See Oda.
Oecinan, 1G4, 183.
Oe«rlieri [= 0«elric?], 142.
Ofi', 201,234.
Ogca, 104, 173, 191, 196.
Ogeman, 164.
Ogn, 201.
Oia, 191, 190. See Boiga.
Oierbd, 201.
Oigft, 201.
Oinuud or Oaimnnd, 332, 411, 415.
See aho Osmund.
Omynd, 332, 413. See (dm Oiiniud.
Ondred, 123.
Onlai; 201, 220.
Onuraan, 123.
Ordbrigbt or Ordbriht, 201, 238, 246.
Ordrec, 320, 320.
Ordric, 24(5, 273. 303. See aho OrtSric
Ordulf, 83, 92.
Orist or Orst, 246.
Orlaf, 332, 406.
OrSric, 400, 405. See aho Ordric.
Osalf, 201, 225. See aho Osulf.
Osbam, 247. See aho Osbern.
Osbearht, 22, 25.
Osbern or Osberen, 201, 247, 201, 320.
Oscetel or Oscytel, 201, 225.
OsferS, 123, 142, 151, 164, 201, 212,
247, 278, 279, 303, 320, 332, 391,
393, 394.
Osfram, 201, 247.
OslryS, 332. See Osfer*.
Osgar, 201, 247.
Osgeard, 33.
Osgod or Osgot, 142, 201, 214, 247,
203, 205. See aho Osgut.
O.sgriiu, 247.
Osgut, 201, 219, 223, 240, 241, 247.
See aho Osgod.
Osherc, 22, 2i), 20, 27, 31, 33, 50.
Oslac, 83, 102, 110, 123, 136, 164, 247,
279, 280, 303.
Oslaf, 102, 109, 142, 164, 247.
Osmajr, 191, 201, 332, 340, 341.
Osmund, 1, 6, 9, 14, 15, 17, 123, 164,
201, 247, 303, 321, 332, 384, 415,
419, 4.33, 434, 460, 409, 471. See
aho Omund.
Osolf, 201. See Osulf.
Osric, 33.
Osuerd. 201. S'-e «/.<o Osward.
Osulf, Osuulf, or Oswulf. 33. 74, 83,
99, 102, 123, 164, 109, 191, 193, 201,
220, 228, 229, 241, 247, 282. See
aho Osalf.
Oswald, 123, 130, 142. 151, 150, 102,
191. See aho Oswold.
Osward. 104, 18.1, 247, 332, .371, 432.
Oswart, 102.
Oswerd, 247.
Oswi or 0.swie, 201, 209, 247, 270.
O^wig, 201, 209. 247, 270.
522 11.— INDEX OF M0NEYER8.
OHwiiic, ll:i.
()8W<)I(1, 201. 2-20, 2-17, .l:t2, .'{85, 'MC,
•lliO, an. See nUu) Uitwalil.
Oawiilf, IJ^i. Set! «/w Osuir.
Otic. l(i-J, \'2:\, 137, J56.
Otwiiie. .V.Vi?.
Oiidwl i)r OuJScel, 321.
OuMtinan, 2i7.
OiiSLcnrii or Ou»bcni, 2i>l, 3:J'J, 'M'J,
4iU). .SVi; alai) OXbuorn.
( )u»cel. 821.
Ou}5uiicarl, 821.
OuJSgriin, 201, 247, 332, 370, 4G0, 463.
Str also OiSgrim.
OuiSiicar or 08«encar, 247, 303, 313,
321. Sfc also OuiScncnrl.
Uu8olf, Ou«ulf, or Ou««ulf, 332, 368,
370, 460, 463.
Owulsipe, 247.
OSaii, OXon, OSin, 0<5inne, or 0S<5in,
247, 268, 269,303, 310, 332, 359, 360,
362.
0»barn, 247.
0»beorn, 0«born, or 0«born, 201, 222,
247, 332, 367, 368, 369, 394. See
aho OutUbiarn.
0«bcran, 303.
0«bi, 247.
OSboni. See OSbeorn.
0«elric, 123, 142, 151.
OSflrilit, 164.
0«in, 332, 362. See also 0»an.
OSoncar, 201. See also OutSenciirl
and OJSSincar.
0«tTun, 303.
OSctiofTCl, 123.
OSgriin. 201, 215, 223, 247, 281, 303,
332. 366, 367, 368. 369, 392, 394,
395. 396. See aho Ou^grim.
OiSin. OSinn, or 0»inno, 247, 268, 30.S,
:U0, 332, 359, 360. See aho OSan.( »?;olf, 332, 368. See aho Ou«olf.
t»!5riiii, .}(»,?. .•*«' OJSgriiij.
OXhIoc, 332, 395.
0«ulf, 201.
0»urim, 303. See 0«grim.
0»«cnc!ir, 247, 321. See alw OuScn-
carl and OiScncar.
0««in, 247, 269. See aho OSin.
P.
Pastor, S3.
Paul, Paules, or Paulus. 102, 109, 110,
118, 120, 123, 137.
Pirim, 164. See Wirim.
Pitit, 83, 92, 102, 118, 123, 137.
Pororic, 303. See Wororic.
Price, 332, 420.
Prim, 123.
Prin, 142.
R.
Eadcr, 303, 315.
Kadstan, 164.
Kaeduine, 142, 151.
Rffidulf, 332, 380.
R.-efen, Raifin, or Rafen, 164, 189, 201,
247, 269, 332, 360, 362, 365.
Rasgenald, 102. See Regenold and
Regnald.
Rajgenbald, 201.
Rajgonold, 123.
Ricgenulf or Ranulf, 83, 92, 102, 109.
118, 164, 191, 201.
Raeienold, 201.
Rjcnulf, 102, 109. See also Rffigcnulf.
Rafn or Rafun, 164, 189, 201, 332, 365.
See aho Rasfen.
Randulf, 123.
Reedes, 142.
Regengrim or Regegrim, 102. 123.
See aho Reingrim.
Regenold, 164.
Regenward, 102.
Regingsed, 33.
II.—INDEX OF MONEYERS. r)23
Rcgnald, 102, 106.
024 li.—INUKX <iF MONKYliUS.
Srifrril. 'Z'i, 25. Sre nhn SefnJS.
Snitwiiu", •/'»". AVfl nl»o Ccutwiuc.
S<M)lfa or Sy..lcH, 2()1, 2-17.
ScrcloiiiM, 2t)l.
Hirtino, 2t7.
Sotmim, -I'il. Sfic SwcHiimn.
8owiiu>, 201. See Saswine.
Soxbyrlit, 164.
Simlcinaii, \2'3, 138. Sue also SiJe-
iimn.
Sibil, 2()1.
Sibcfxla, Sil)oda, or Sibodf, 20i, 247.
S'-e also Sigboda.
Sibriht, 247.
Sibwiiio, 201, 228, 247.
SibMue, 201,228.
Sidemau, 123. 138, 1G4, 173, 201, 332,
438, 439. See aho Sedeman and
Siademan.
Sidewinc or Sidwine, 201, 232, 247.
SiefercS, 14.3,152.
Siegrcd, 143.
Siestef, 33, 57. See also Sigestef.
Siewinc, 332, 359. Ses also Sajwine.
Sift-rt, 143, 1.55.
SiferS. 164, 187.
Sigar, Sigares, Sigear, Sigeares, or
Sihares, 102, 123, 138, 143, 152. 247,
297.
Sigboda or Sigebode, 247, 332, 428.
See also Siboda.
Sigear or Sigeares, 123, 247. See also
Sigar.
Sigeber«, 12.3.
Sigebran.l, 84, 92, 102, IIS.
Sigi-drall, 102.
SigLftrT>, 84, 92, 102, 109, 2()1.
Sigcherc, 22, 25.
Sigeland, 102.
Sigeric, 201, 236.
Sigesti f or Siestef, 1, 33, 56, 57.
Sigeulfor Sigeluf, 201.
Sigetiuald, 3:!, 71.
Sigewiiic, 201.
Sigewulf, 102.
Sigfoldes, 102.
Sigod, 332, 341, 342. 400. 461.
Sigodia, 247, 297.
Sigot, 84, 92.
Sigwold. 123.
Sibares, 102. See Sigar.
Sililodil, 201.
Silac, 332, 374.
Simun, 33, 74.
Sino«, 247.
Siolf, 201.
Sipoda, 247. See Siboda.
Sirjcnd. 247, 284.
Sired or Siredd, 201, 247, 271, 332,347,
411,418.
Siric, 20i, 247, 288.
Siuard or Siuerd, 102, 107.
Siwaldor Siwoltl, 20i.
Siwerd, 321.
Siwold, 201.
SitSwine, 201. See Sidwine.
Smala, 102, 121.
I
Smerel, 123.
Smertcali, 143
j
SnEcbeorn, Snseborn, Sueaborn, Snea-
burn, Siiebearn, Snebeom, or Sne-
! born, 332, 366, 367, 368, 370, 460, 463.
Snsewine, Sneawine, or Suewine. 247,
832.
Sneabom or Sneaburn, 332, 366. See
also Snsebeom.
Snebeam, Suebeorii, or Sneboru, 332,
367, 368, 370, 460. See also Suae-
beorn.
SiiecoU, 247.
Sneil, 303.
Snel or Snell, 102, 118, 247, 303, 321.
Sneling, 201, 247.
Snewine, 332. See aha Sn^wine.
Snolf, 201.
Snoter, 332, 429.
II.—INDEX OF MONEYERS. 525
Soemud, 201.
Sota, 102, 119, 247.
Spot, 2i7, 280, 332, 341. See also Swot.
Spracelinc, Spraceling, Spraecaling, or
Spragelinc, 332, 408, 449, 451, 453,
460, 473.
Spraecaling, 332, 450. See also Sprace-
linc.
Spraful, 247, 207.
Spragelinc, 332, 408. See also Sprace-
linc.
Spronene, 102.
Sprot, 332. See Spot.
Sprouiild, S4.
Stcengrim or Steingriin, 247, 271.
Staner, 247.
Staniiiajr, 247, 332, 351.
Stear, S4.
Stefanu.-f, 33, 75, 102.
Stefhan, 123.
Stegeubit, 201, 222.
Stegenciel, 201.
Steiugrim, 247. See Staengrim.
Steland, 102.
Steorccr, 201. See also Stircer, &c.
Stewer, 305.
Si ire, 247. See Stircar.
Stircar or Stircer, 201, 247, 2G3.
Stirceore, 303.
Stircer, 201, 247. See also Stircar and
Steorcer.
Stircol or Styrcol, 201, 247, 265, 266,
303, 332, 360, 364, 365.
Sti«ulf, 247, 284.
Styrcar, 164, 201. Ste Steorcer,
Stircer, &c.
Styrcol, 247, 266, 332, 364. See aUo
Stircol.
Styrgar, 101.
Suartcol, :3ir. See also Swartcol.
Sueman, 460, 469.
Suetinc, 247. Sre also Swetinc.
Suince, 143.
Suinolf, 247.
Sumerled, Sumerleda, Sumerle^a,
Sumerlida, Sumerluda, or Sumerly(],
201, 215, 240, 247, 278, 279, 303,
333, 455, 456.
Sumerlr, 303.
Sumerluda, 333. See Sumerleda.
Sumerlyd, 303. See Sumerled.
Sumred, 455. See Sumerled.
Sundeid, 303.
Sunegod, 201, 247, 278.
Sunolf, 201, 247, 266.
Sunrdde, 303.
Sunulf, 201.
Surclos, 191.
Sumlos, 191.
Surtiiic or Syrtinc, 247, 266. 267. See
also Swartinc.
Sutere, 460, 463.
Swafa, 247, 303, 312, 333.
Swan, 247, 286.
Swarafuc or Swerafuc, 247.
Swarcolf, 333, 432.
Swart, Sweart, Swearta, or Swcrt, 201,
247, 280, 293, 303, 321, 333.
Swartafa or Swertafa, 247.
Swartcol, Sweartcol, or Swertcol , 20i
,
333, 364, 365, 367, 369, 370, 390,
460, 464.
Swartebrand or Swartefrand, 303.
Swartgar or Sweartcar, 201, 233.
I
Swartic, Swartinc, Swcartinc, Swertinc,
! or Swyrtinc, 201, 231, 247, 277, 280,
303, 312, 321, 333, 353.
, Swatic, 333, 352.
I
Swearling, 460, 473. SeeaigoSwearfing.
Sweart, 333. See also Swart.
Swearta, 247, 280. See aho Swart.
Sweartabrand or Swertebrand, 247,
280, 303.
Sweartcar, 201. See Swartgar.
Sweartcol, 333, 370, 390, 460, 464. See
also Swartcol.
r>2(» II.—INUKX nV MONKYKIJS.
Swciirliiu'. '^47,UH(). .SVc nho Hwarlinc.
Swc.irtinK or Swciirtliiip, HHiJ, 'irnJ,
H>0, 471, I7;t. 171. Net; aUo Hwoiirl-
inp.
Swcflu-anl <'T Swinunl, 1, <">, 7.
Swogon. '201, li-Jl, '217, 277, :UW, ;{09.
•MO.
Swegn, H33.
Swomiin, -PiO. See Swetinan.
Swoiio, 247.
Swcnccl, 247.
Swi'MC, i.
Svvcrafuc, 247. See also Swarafuc.
Swerlinc, 143.
Swert, 20i, 247, 293, 303, 321, 333.
Si-e oho Swart and Swcarta.
SwcrUfn, '247. See Swartafa.
Swcrtcol, 201, 333, 364. See Swartcol.
Swertcbrand, 247, 280, 303. See
Sweartabrand.
Swcrtinc or Swyrtinc, 201, 231, 247,
280, 3U3, 321, 333, 353. See also
Swartinc.
Swcrting, 143. See also Sweartiug.
Swet or Sweta, 247.
Swetinc, 201, 228, 247. See aha
8uctinc.
Swctuian, 201, 333, 404, 411, 415, 416,
421,434,400,465,469,472.
Swetric, 333, 417, 422, 442.
Swetya, 201.
Swc«au, 333.
Swiloman or Swilman, 201, 238, 247,
299, 303, 333.
Swot, Swota, or Swote, 247, 257, 280,
303, 321, 333, 341. See also Spot.
Swotric, 333.
Swmculf, 304.
Swreliuc, 247.
SwTiiiit, 247.
SwyrcUnc, 191.
Swyrling, 201, 241.
Swvrtiuc. 201, 231. .SVc aho 6wcrtinc.
Hylxida, 2-17. Si'i; 8igl)0da.
Sydfiiiiiii, 11)4. Srr. Sedcmaii,
Syoloa, 201. Si-c, Hcolca.
Byrtinc, 247. See Hurtinc.
T.
Tata, 3.3, .57.
Telia, 123.
Tidbald, 33, 50.
Tideman, 1.
Tidgar or Ti.lgcr, 102, 109, 110.
Tidrcd, 247, 333.
Tila, 84, 93, 96, 102.
Tilefein, 33, 57.
Tileuino, Tilcuuiiic, or Tiluuine, 1, G,
33, 50, 51, 75.
Tileuoie, 33, 75.
Timbearht, 1, 6.
Tiotes or Totes, 102.
Tiruald or Tirueald, 9, 19, 33, 40,
75.
Ti«bearht, 1.
Toca, Toga, or Tooca, 201, 212, 229,
247, 260, 266.
Toci, 321.
Toga, 201, 212, 229. See also Toca.
Tolsi, 333.
Tooca, 247, 266. See also Toca.
Torhthelm, 84, 102.
Torbtmund, 22, 25, 26, 27, 31, 33, 58.
Torhtulf, 9. 19, 5i, 22, 25.
Torbtwald, 9, 15.
Totes, 102. See also Tiotes.
Trotan, 247, 277.
Tuda, S4.
Tuma, 164, 109.
Tummo, 201, 215.
Tuna, 201, 213.
Tuneman, 201.
Timulf, 191, 201, 210.
Turstan, 102, 120. See also J?ui8tan.
Tyloadrcx, 143.152.
II.—INDEX OF MONEYERS. 527
U.
Uceade, Ucede, ami Uccdce, 247, 269,
304, 310.
Udfe, 333.
Uermund, 9, 19, 22, 25.
Uhitred, 333, 404.
Uigbald or Uuigbidd, 33, 16.
Uilitmund, 22, 2G.
Uilfred, 84.
Uilhemt, 201.
Uillaf, 84.
Uilno«, 22, 26. See also UinoS.
Uinas, 201. See Winas.
Uino«, 22, 26.
Ulanccard, 22, 26.
Ulf, Ulfe, or UlflF, 84, 123, 124, 201, 247,
278, 333, 391, 392, 394, 395, 396.
Ulfbeorn, 247.
Ulfcetel or Ulfcytel, 201, 215, 222, 223,
247, 321, 333, 341, 360, 365, 366,
367, 369, 370, 382, 460, 464.
Ulfcil or Ulftil, 304, 333, 364, 366,
369. See also Ulfcetel.
Ulfcytel. See Ulfcetel.
Ulfe or Ulff. See Ulf.
Ulfgrim or Wulfgrim, 201, 202, 217.
Ulfhi, 201.
Ulftil, 304. See Ulfcil.
Ulgebert, 123.
UmerS, 247.
Unbegn, 201, 222.
Unbein, 143, l.")5, ICI, 181, 201, 223.
See aluo Unbegn and Iluuboiu.
Unolf, 3.33, 360.
Unswac, 201.
Uri, 201, 214.
Urlewine, 333, 340.
Urstan, 460. See purstiin.
Ustinan, 247.
Utti, .3.33.
Uuiorin (Wariu ?), l.">6, 1(52.
Uualdfrc?;, 113, l;V2.
Uualeman, 84, 93.
Uuarin or Warin, 143, 152. See also
Uuajrin.
Uuariner, 84, 93.
Uuealdheard or Uuelbeard, 9, 14, 20.
Uuealdhelm, 84, 93, 102, 119.
Uuefred, 84.
Uuelheard, 9, 20. See also Uuealdheard.
Uuelmlieard, 9, 20.
Uuerstan, 143, 152.
UuiferS or Wiferd, 164, 184.
Uuigbald, 33, 76. See aha Uigbald.
Uuihtes or Uuihtseg, 123, 138.
Uuilaf, 123, 138, 143, 152. See also
Uillaf.
Uuildaf, 143.
Uuilebert, 143.
Uuilfrctl, 143, 155.
Uuilheah, 9, 14, 16, 19. See also
Willieal).
Uuillaf or Uuilluf, 84, 102, 119. See
also Uuilaf.
Uuilric, 102.
Uuilsig or Wilsig, 156, 164, 190.
Uuine, 27, 31, 33, 76.
Uuinctin, 143.
Uuinier or Uuiniger, 33, 76.
Uuitelm, 123.
Uulfard or Uulfeard, 26, 33, 57, 84, 93.
See also Uulfheard.
Uulfgar, 84, 99, 102, 109, 1 10. See also
Wulfgar.
Uulfheard, 22, 26, 84, 93, 100, 102,
115, 119.
Uulfman, 103. See Wulfman.
Uulfrcd or UulfrcS, 33, 77, 80, 84, 94,
96, 191. See also Wulfred.
Uulfsig or Uulfsige, 84, 102, 120. See
also Wulfrfig.
Uulfstun, 102, l(t9, 110, ll!t, 123,138,
143, 153. See also Wiilfstun.
Uulgar, 191.
Ihilgiat, ^7.
528 II. INDKX OF MONKVKHS.
rnlmiiiKl, •J(ll. Sir ohn Wilmund.
Uimt" iirlil.22, '2<i. Sn nho l'jiili<»rlit.
lIiijiilxTliI or Wuihrrl.l, :i3, 78, 81,
8l,;il.'.>7.
Uiiymlm, lO.'l. IH.
rti\ii«iK<', 1(>:', 11"-'. 1-^ l-'iS. Sec aho
Wvii.-^ijje.
Uyi.li.ftiht or Uyiibirhl, 22, 2f;, Si, !»!.
IS,, aho Uuynburht ami Wyuliurht.
U«tlric, 103. See also 0«clric.
W.Wiicir, I'Jt.
Wadlos or Wa«los, 247, 304.
Wffidcl or Wicdell, 247, 304, 307, 321,
333, 331).
Wrelgist, Waleist, or Welgist, 201, 240,
247.
WicH8«, 201.
Wrolricfen, Wsolrefun, Walrsoffen, or
"Walrafin, 247, 304, 333.
Wuleist, 2()1. S>e Wiulgist.
Wultt t, 304.
Walrjvffen, 217. See Wielrajfeii.
Walrafen, 333. See Waslrajfuu.
Walter or Walterc, 84, 94, 143.
Waltfor«, 201, 217.
Wamnnca, 304.
Wanstaii, 201. See Wunstan.
Ware, 247, 262.
"NVarimer, S4.
Warin or Uuariu, 143, 152. See aho
Uiiarin.
Wariiigod, 123.
Warn, 123, 138.
Watiiman or Watcman, 247, 460. See
aho Ilwataniau.
WaMoe, 304. See Wadlos.
Wcidts, 247, 281.
Wedcl, 304. See Wa^del.
WwUes, 247. See Wadlos.
Wcdloe, 247. See Wadlos and Wedles.
Weineali, 9.
Welgist, 201, 240. See aim Wrclgist.
Wcliihcrlit, 103.
VVelric, 201.
W( Isit, 2-17.
Wengos, 201. See Wincg<j8.
Wensigc, 201.
Werheard, 1, 7.
Wcrlaf, 123, 140.
Wcrtiric, .304. See aho Swertinc.
Wesig, 247.
White, 123.
Wiard, 3.?, 103, 121.
Wibearn, 333, 375.
Wiping, 333, 358, 440.
Wida, 448. See Widia.
Widfara, 304, 310.
Widia or Widica, 247, 304, 333, 446,
447, 448. S,:e aho Wudia au<l Wydia.
Widig or Widige, 301, 318.
Widua, 247, 293.
Widred, 333, 456.
Wiferd, 164.
Wigard, Wigeard, Wighard, or Wig-
heard, 84, 123, 139.
Wigcro«, 143.
WigferS, 191.
Wighard Or Wigheard, 84, 123.
Wigniier, 55.9.
AVihred, 247. See Winred.
Wihtemund, 103.
Wihtsige or Wihtsie, 164, 191, 196,
201, 247, 297. See aho Wyusige.
WiliBgrip or Wilgrip, 333, 3S0.
Wilerif, 333, 432.
Wilebald, 103.
Wilebeart, 191, 193.
Wilebert, 156.
Wilcric, 555.
Wilfrid, 333, 380.
Wilgrid, 555.
Wilgrim, 304.
Wilgrip, 333, 380. See aho Wiliegrip
Willicab, 9. 19. S-e aho ruilhcab.
II.—INDEX OF MONEYERS. 529
Wilinc, 2i7.
Wilmund, 201.
Wilne, 103.
Wilno«, 22.
Wilsig, 156, 164. See also Uuilsig.
Wiltraud, 333, 380.
Wimuud, 103.
Win or Wiun, 202.
Winas, 202, 217. See also Winus.
Windecild, 333.
Windig, 321. See also Winedajig.
Wine or Winne, 1G4, 187, 191, 194,
19G, 202, 247, 298, 460.
Winean, 247.
Winedajig, Winedeig, or Wiuedig, 247,
258, 304.
Winegear, 84.
Winegod, 247.
Wincgos or Wynegos, 202. See also
Wengos.
Winele, 103, 119.
Wineman, 248, 300, 333.
Winemes, 164.
Winenr, 164, 184.
Winn, 202. See Win.
Winne, 247, 460. See also Wine.
Winred or Wynred, 248, 258. 304. ,
Winsan, 218. See Winstan.
Winsi, 248.
Wiusige, 202. See Wynsige.
Winstan, 248, 291, 304, 333, 353. See
also Wunstan and Wynstan.
Winterfugel or Winterfuhel, 333, 364,
365.
Winterleda, 202.
Wintrcd, 333, 454.
Winuc, 123, 139, 143, 153.
Winus, 247, 248, 260, 333, 443, 460,
473. See also Winas.
Wircma, 333, 402.
Wirim, 164, 170.
Wirinc, 333, 384.
Wiryn, 333, 388.
Witil, 103.
Witlos, 304. See Wadlos.
Wi«ering, 304, 310. See also Wi«ir-
winue.
WiSerwinne, 321.
WiSirwinne, 304, 309. -See also
WiSering.
Wi«rin or Wi«rinc, 248, 266.
Wlac^egen or WlancSegn, 248.
Wode, 164.
Wororie, 304, 313.
Wraca, 321.
Wudeman, 333, 427.
Wudia, 248, 304, 317, 321, 328. See
also Widia.
Wulbeom, Wulbern, or Wulborn, 202,
248, 281, 298, 304, 313, 321, 333,
395, 396. See also Wulfbeorn.
Wulceet, 304. See Wulfget.
Wulcred, 333, 402, 404, 408.
Wuldar, 333.
Wuldric, 333, 350.
Wulenno«, 333, 387. See also Wulfno«.
Wulerine, 304.
Wulf, 202, 333, 393.
Wulfah, 202.
Wulfbald, 143, 164.
Wulfbeorn or Wulfbern, 202, 248. See
also Wulbeom.
Wulfcetl, 333.
Wulfci, 248, 260.
Wulfeh, 248, 304, 321.
Wulfolm, 202, 216, 248, 270.
Wulferd, 248.
Wulffine, 304. See Wulfwine.
Wulfgar or Wulgar, 1, 123, 139, 143,
153, 156, 164, 173, 191, 196, 202,
219, 248, 287, 304, 313, 333, 356,
393, 396, 412, 413, 415, 416, 460,
469. See also Uulfgar and Uulgar.
Wulfgut, Wulfgcat, Wulfget, or Wulf-
git, 202, 24S, 304, 316, 333, 373, 430,
460, 465.
2 M
.at) ,1 —INDKX OF MCXN'HVKUS.
WiilfK'.r, UJ. .S" Wiill^'.ir.
WnlfK-riin, i/»'i?. ^*"• I ir^'rim.
Wiiinulm. 10:{, 111, lli:'., i:W, 2trJ. See
aliut Wulfi'lin.
Wiilli. 4H0. Sre Wulfwi.
W.illnmr. m, 191, 194, 202, 21G.
•J'j:., li'JG, 2 IS, 21)1, 333, 400. See
(i/)Mi Wiiliniur.
Wiilfiimn or Uulfiuiin, 103.
WiilfiioS or \Vuliio«, 202. 212, 233,
210, 218, 2(iU, 209, 271, 27G, 298,
299, ;$0l, 308, 321, 327, 333, 379,
387, 432. See also Wulenno*.
Wiilford, 'J02. See Wulfred.
AVulfmnl, 333.
Wulfred, 164, 191, 202, 248, 287, 291,
304, 321, 333, 339, 34.5, 397, 408,
413, 460. See aho Uulfred.
^Vulfric, 123, 164, 202, 222, 225, 237,
248, 281, 282, 301, 304, 333, 348,
349, 350, 378, 387, 395, 396, 402,
413,423, 426,430.
Wtilfryd, 2<>2, 24S. See WulfreJ.
Wulfsi, 24S, 416, 420.
Wulfsig, Wulfsige, Wulsig, orWulsige,
202, 214, 216, 248, 271, 273, 304,
321, 3;J3, 397, 402, 405, 416, 420
457. S-e also Uulfsig.
Wulfstau, Wulfstin, or Wulstan, 102,
109, 104, 190, 191, 196, 202, 225,
229, 230, 234, 239, 248, 257, 258,
261. 262, 267, 276, 304, 311, 333,
346. 355. See also Uulfstan.
Willful f. 333.
Wulfward, 333, 355, 374, 416, 460, 463,
469.
Wulfwcrd. 24S, 304, 333, 373.
Wulfwi, 202, 211. 304, 321, 333, a41,
4iJ. ir.O, 462, 465.
Wulfwie. 304.
Wulfwig or Wulwig, 202, 24S, 333,
373, 382.
Wiilfwino, Wullfwiuf, or Wulwinc, 202,
224, 227, 229, 230, 237, 248, 257,
259, 279, 281, 286, 304, 308, 312.
313, 321, 333, 347, 350, 351, 359,
381, 382, 386, 402, 405, 408, 412,
413,422,438,458,459.
Wulfwurd, 355. See Wulfward.
Wul,i,'nr or Wulgarcs, 1, 143, 153, 1C4,
173, 191, 196, 287, 304, 313, 333,
356, 393, 396, 412, 413, 416, 460,
469. See also Wulfgar.
Wulget, 333, 430. See also Wulfget.
Wulhed, 333, 423.
Wullaf or Wyllaf, 202.
WuUfwiac, 304. See Wulfwine.
Wulmajr, "Wulmar, or Wulmer, 202,
248, 289, 333, 357, 358, 424, 427,
428, 460, 467, 470. See also Wulfmtcr.
Wulmiod, 248, 282.
Wuln-,i«, 2iS, 333, 387. See also
WulfnoS and WulnoS.
Wulno«, 248, 266, 269, 271, 276, 298,
299, 304, 308, 321, 327, 333, 379,
432. See also WulfnoS.
W^ulred, 333. See Wulfred.
Wulsi or Wulsie, 304, 333, 372, 402.
W^ilsiceod, 821.
W' ulsig or Wulsige, 248, 273, 304, 321,
333, 397, 402, 405, 457. See also
Wulfsig.
Wulstan, 164, 191, 196, 202, 234, 248,
257, 258, 262, 267, 276, 304, 311,
333, 346, 355. See also Wiilfstan.
W^ilward, 304. See also Wulfward.
Wulwi, 24S, 304, 333. See aho Wulfwi.
Wulwig, 804, 333, 373. See also
Wulfwig.
Wulwine, 248, 257, 304, 308, 312, 821,
333, 402. See also W^ulfwine.
Wunsi, 24S. See Wynsi.
Wunsigc, 274, 304, 315. See also
Wynsigo.
Wuustau, 164, 175, 202, 239. Ste ul^
Wjustau.
II.—INDEX OF MONEYERS. 531
Wurfurd, 333, 456.
Wurreb, 333, 402.
WuwerJ, 321.
Wydecoc, 333.
Wydia, 304. See Widia.
Wyllaf, 202. See Wullaf.
Wyltsig, 103, 120.
Wyuberht, 33, 78, 81, 84, 97. See also
Uuynbearlit and Uynberht.
Wyacgos, 202. See Winegos.
Wynhclm, AVynnehelm, or AVyimelm,
123, 139, 143.
Wynred, 24S. See Winred.
Wynsi or Wynsie, 24S, 304.
Wynsig or Wynsige, 164, 175, 191, 196,
202, 214, 248, 274, 285, 287, 304.
See also Wihtsigo.
Wynsige and Wamanea, 304.
Wynstan, 164, 175, 202, 239, 248, 285,
333, 446. See also AVinstan and
Wunstan.
Wynwid, 248.
V-pcalda, 304.
pcgotiwine, 248, 262, 321.
peodberht, 143.
pendgar, 164, 170, 101, 202.
pcodgcld or peodgyld, 202.
peodmasr, 143, 153.
peo<lred, 143, 202, 216, '2-1% 460,
466.
JXiodric, 333, 436.
pcodulf, 123, 139, 143, 154.
pcoriocS or poreiS, 243.
porman, 24% 304.
pcrmod, 123, 140.
pernion, 460, 470.
pincrn, 164.
pi«ulf, 202.
por or p(jrr, 333, 361, 362, 364, 363,
366, 367, 369, 370 402.
porald, 202.
porcetel or porctel, 202, 248, 321, 333.
See also purcetel.
porcil, 333. See Porcetel.
porcl, 202. See porcetel.
porctel, 333. See porcetel and porcil.
pore*, 24S. See peoraj*.
purfer« or porford, 333, 419.
porgrim, 202.
porr. See por.
porsige, 202.
porstteu or porstan, 202, 216, 321,
333, 419. See also purstau.
porulf, 202. See purulf.
preodred or preo«red, 333, 378.
pudinei, 304.
punstan, 248. See Dunstan.
purcetel or pureetl, 202, 236, 248, 304,
333. See also porcetel.
purcil or purecil, 24S, 321, 333, 441,
442, 443, 460.
purefer«, 24S. See piirfcrS.
purestan, 248. See purstan.
purferd or purferS, 143, 156, 161, 187,
248.
purfurS or puruerS, 333, 419.
purgod, 2U2, 248, 261, 460, 474.
purgrim, punigriin, or puriiu, 248, 269,
304, 310, 321, 333, 362, 393, 420.
purini, 248, 269. See also purgrim.
purimod, 172. See purniud.
purlac, 84, 103.
punuod, 143, 154, 136, 164, 172, 187,
1!)0.
purngiim, 333. See also purgrim.
purrim or purrin, 333, 360.
Purstan or purstann, 103, 120, 164,
202, 215, 248, 294, 304, 321, 333,
420, 436, 460, 469. See also porstan.
puruer«, 333, 419.
purulf, 143, lot, 156, 158, 202, 24S
294, 304, 333.
pustau, 294. See purstuu.
2 .M 2
( r,;d2 )
TII.-INDEX OF TYPES.
7X, It, 10, 12, a6.
A. (jJ. (monojrraiu), 2.
A. CO., ilivitlcd by hand of Providcuce,
U)2, 20;{, 204.
Agnus Doi, 207, 208.
Annulet in centre of ehort cross voided,
305.
Annulet in centre of short cross voided
;
limbs terminating in three cresceuts,
33G.
Annulet in each angle of long cross
voided ; limbs terminating in three
crescents, 252.
Annulet in each angle of short cross
voided, 253, 322.
Annulet, broken, or crescents, in each
angle of short cross voided, 253,
322.
BAB in one line, 84.
BAt^ und monevers name in two lines,
37.
Bird with branch, 80.
Building or church, 8G, 103.
c.
CANT (monogram), 9.
Christian monogram, 10.
Christian temple, fayade of, 27.
Church or building, 27, 86, 103.
Circle in centre of short cross voided,
253, 254, 305, 322, 323.
Circle, segment of, at ends of short
cross voided, 337.
Circles, two, and cross voided, dividing
moneycr'a name, 8G.
CNVT on limbs of cross, 3G.
Crescent or broken annulet in each
angle of short cross voided, 253,
322.
Crescents, two, in angles of long cross
voided, 207.
Crescents, four, around pellet, 2.
Crescents, four, enclosing cross patte'e,
5.
Cross, on limbs CNVT, 3G.
Cross, king's name and trefoil slipped
in each angle, 34.
Cross of four ovals, 255, 304, 321.
Cross of pellets, 123.
Cross on which moneyer's name, &c.,
12, 21, 22.
Cross over cross pommee, 12.
Cross, sideways, dividing moneyer's
name, 37.
Cross, two limbs cross crosslet, two
patte's, 12.
Cross, two limbs moline, two pattes,
2, 11, 13.
Cross, five limbs patte's, 4.
Cross, six limbs patte's, 4.
Cross crosslet, 2, 3, 11, 12, 104, 105,
124.
III.—INDEX OF TYPES. 533
Cross crosslet, pellet in each angle, 27.
Cross floriated with leaf in each angle,
22.
Cross moline, 12.
Cross moliiie within lozenge, 34.
Cross moline over cross pommee,
forming rose, 86.
Cross pattee, 3, 4, 5, 35, 3G, 37, 84, 85,
86, 103, 104, 123, 124, 143, 156, 157,
165, 166, 167, 192, 202, 203, 206, 208,
248, 250, 322, 334, 337, 338.
Cross pattee over cross pattee, 10, 11,
12, 13.
Cross pattee over cross pomrade, 11.
Cross patte'e within cross pattee, and
three pellets, 167.
Cross pattee within four crescents, 5.
Cross patte'e witliin four crosses
patte'es, 167, 203.
Cross patte'e within four pellets, 103.
Cross patte'e within lozenge, from each
corner of which issues beaded
straight line, 34.
Cross pattee, CYNT in angles, 9.
Cross patte'e, pellet in each angle, 10,
11,27.
Cross pattee, wedge in each angle, 3.
Cross pattee, voided, 103.
Cross pommee on cross, 12.
Cross ponimco on cross patte'e, 11.
Cross pommee over cross moline, form-
ing rose, 86.
Cross potent, 2, 3, 4, 5, 11.
Cross voided between two circles,
dividing moneyer's name, 86.
Cross voided, long, CRVX in angles,
206.
Cross voidoi), long, PACX in angles,
305, 335.
Cross voided, long, flcur-ile-lis in caeli
angle, 306, 324.
Cross voided, long, fleurs-de-lis and
trefoil in angles, .'506.
Cross voided, long, trefoil in each
angle, 306.
Cross voided, long, limbs terminating
in one crescent, PACX in angles,
323, 335.
Cross voided, long, limbs terminating
in three crescents, 205, 206, 249,
251, 336.
Cross voided, long, limbs terminating
in three crescents, PACX in angles,
252.
Cross voided, long, limbs terminating
in three crescents, annulet in each
angle, 252.
Cross voided, long, limbs terminating
in three crescents, crescents in two
angles, 207.
Cross voided, long, limbs terminating
in three crescents and bisecting
ornamented square, 207, 249.
Cross voided, long, on quatrefoil, limbs
terminating in three crescents, 249,
250, 251, 252.
Cross voided, short, 337.
Cross voided, sliort, annulet in centre,
305.
Cross voided, short, circle in centre,
253, 254, 305, 322, 323.
Cross voided, short, pellet in centre
254, 334.
Cross voided, sliort, CRVX in angles,
205, 322.
Cross voided, sliort, PA EX in angles,
323, 335.
Cross voided, short, annulet in each
angle, 253, 322.
Cross voided, short, broken annulet
or crescent in eacli angle, 253, 322.
Cross voided, short, martlet in each
angle, 336, 337.
Cross voided, sliort, pyramid in each
angle, 338.
Cross voided, sliort, on wliirli (juadri-
534 III.— INDEX OF TYl'KH.
l.itoriil onmm.iit, 2J4, 255, 305, 321,
3:t|, .'Ct.V
CroH-t voiiliil, mIioiI, liiiit<H cxitaiiding,
330.
Crosfl voi(l(<l, hlinrt, liinI)B expanding,
cri)HH jinttco ill encli anRlc, 3.")(j.
Cro88 void) (1, eliort, liiults terminating
in segment of circle, 337.
Croaa voided, short, limbs terminating
in tiirco crescents, annulet in centre,
336.
Cross voided, sliort, limbs terminating
in three crescents, jiyramid in each
an'^'le, 330.
CRVX ill angles of long cross voided,
'JOti.
CRVX in angles of short cross voided,
205, 322.
CVNT in angles of cross pattec, 9.
DOR IB or D0RIB1,9.
DOROB. C. (monogram), 1, 2.
Dove, 207.
Dovo and olive-branch, SG.
E.
EXA (Kxance.ister) in pale, 37.
Figures, tsvo, seated, 34.
Fleurs-de-lis in angles of long cross
voided, 306, 324.
Fieurs-de-lis and trefoil in angles of
long cross voided, 306.
Floml ornament surmounting or
dividing moneyer's name, 86.
Floriato stem with two branches en-
closing moneyer's name, 143.
Florintetl cross, leaf in eacii angle, 22.
Flower and roso-branch above and
l)olow moneyer's name, 124.
Four crosses pattees around central
one, 167, 203.
G.
GLEAPA (Gleawaceaster), divided by
T, 37.
Hand of Providence, 86, 204.
Hand of Providence giving benedic-
tion, 204.
Hand of Providence^betwcen A iCJ,
192, 203, 204.
Hand of Providence between Cx) A,
204.
E.
King seated on throne, 337.
King's name and mint (Orsnaforda) in
three lines, 36, 37.
King's name in four lines, 37, 84.
LiNCOLLA divided by moneyer's
name, 35.
Lincoln, monogram of, 35.
London, monogram of, 35 ; between
moneyer's name, 35.
Long cross voided. See Cross voided,
long.
Lozenge, witliin which cross patte'e
;
beaded line issuing from each angle
of lozenge, 34.
M.Martlet in each angle of short cross
voided, 336, 337.
Til— INDEX OF TYPES. 535
Mint name (BA-D), in one line, 84.
Mint name (BA-D), and moneyer's
name in two lines, ?>7,
Mint name dividing moneyer's name,
157, IGG.
Mint names in pule (EXA. and PIN.),
37.
Mint and king's names in three lines,
3(3, 37.
Moneyer's name across field, 85.
Moneyer's name between two lines, 85,
157.
Moneyer's name between rose-branch
and flowi-r, 124.
Moneyer's name between tw'o stars, 85.
Moneyer's name divided by cross,
sideways, 37.
Moneyer's name divided by floriate
stem, 143.
Moneyer's name divided by ornament,
&c., 157.
Moneyer's name divided by saltire,
85.
Moneyer's name, divided or sur-
mounted by floral ornament, 86.
Moneyer's name, &c., in two lines
across field, 36, 37, 84, 85, 86, 10.3,
104, 123, 124, 143, 156, 157, 165,
166.
Moneyer's name in two lines across field
and divided by mint name, 157, 166.
Moneyer's name in three lines across
field, 27, 33.
Moneyer's name in four lines across
field, &c., 27.
Moneyer's name on limbs and between
angles of cross, 12, 21, 22.
Moneyer's name within and without
leaves of qnatrefoil, «&c., .'i3, 31.
Moneyer's name and mint ' BA&) in
two lines, 37.
Monograms. A. (jO., 2.
„ CANT, r>.
Monograms, Christian, 10.
DORIBor DORIBI.O.
DOROB. C, 1, 2.
„ of Lincoln, 35.
„ of London, 35.
„ of Roiseng, 36.
„ r A (SAX), rx
SAX, ').
SAXON, 5.
SAXONV, 10.
o.
OCCIDENTALIVM around SAXON-lORVM la three lines, 10.
Olive-branch held by Dove, 86.
Ornament dividing moneyer's name,
157.
ORSNAFORDA in two lines divided
by king's name, 36, 37.
Ovals four, forming cross, 255, 304,
321.
PACX in angles of long cross voided,
305.
PACX in angles of long cross voided,
limbs terminating in one crescent,
323, 335.
PA EX in angles of long cross voided,
limbs terminating in three crescents,
252.
PA EX in angles of .short cross, voided,
323, 335.
PAX across field, 339, 461.
Pellet in centre of short cross voided,
254, 334.
Pelkts, throe, and cross pattc'e around
central cross patU'c, 167.
Providence, hand of, 86, 204.
Providence, hand of, giving benedic-
tion, 204.
n-'jo III.—INDEX OF TYPES.
rri)viilf'nco, hand of, lu-twrrn A Ci),
11)2, 'JO:i, 201
Pn»vi(k'no<', Imnd of, between Ci) A,
204.
ryminid in each angle of short cross
vuid.'d, X\S.
I'yniniid in (^ch angle of short cross
voided, limbs terminating in tlirce
crescents, .^39.
Q.
Quadrilateral ornament on short cross
voided, 254, 255, 305, 321, 334, 335.
(Juatrefoil with moneyer's name within,
34.
Quatrcfoil with moneyer's name within
and without, 33.
Quatrefoil within long cross voided,
limbs terminating in three crescents,
249, 250, 251, 252.
R.
Roiseng, monogram of, 36.
Rose formed of cross pommee over
cross moline, SG.
llose-brancli and flower above and
below moneyer's name, 124.
Rosette, 85, 104, 124, 143, 166.
S.
TA (SAX), monogram of, 5.
St. Andrew, coinage of, 7.
St. Eadmund, coinage of, 36.
Saltire dividing moneyer's name, 85.
SAX V (monogram), 5.
SAXON ^ni(inogram), 5.
SAXON lORVM in three lines, 5, 10.
SAXON lORVM in three lines, around
OCCIDENTALIVM. 10.
SAXONV (monogram), 10.
Sliurtrro.HH voided. See Cross voided,
short.
Solidus type on coin of iElfred, 34.
Sovereign type of Edward Conf., 337.
iSquare, ornamented, bisc cted by long
cross voided, limbs terminating in
three crescents, 207, 249.
Star, above and below moneyer's
name, 85.
Star of six points between two pellets,
103.
Star of six rays patte's, 11.
Star of eight rays patte's, 3.
Star of nine rays patte's, 3.
T.
T with limbs extended, dividing name
of mint, 37.
Temple, fai^ade of, 27.
Throne, on which king seated, 337.
Trefoil in each angle of long cross
voided, 306.
Trefoil ornament enclosing moneyer's
name, 143.
Trefoil, slipped, in each angle of cross,
34.
Tribrach, limbs fourchee, 3.
Tribrach moline, 3.
w.PIN (Wincoaster) in pale, 37.
^ (monogram), 4.
>^ (monogrim), 10.
U). A. divided by band of Providence,
204.
( 537 )
IV.—INDEX OF MINTS.*
* See General Index for historical notices, &c. of Mints.
Aylesbury (iEgk'slmrh), ^tlielrtudll.,
208 ; Cnut, 255 ; Edward Conf., 339.
Bardney (Bardanig), iEtholrred II.,
208 ; Cnut, 255.
Bath (Ba«an), iElfrcd, 38 ; Eadweard
the Elder, 87; ^thclstan, 105;
Eadgar, IGS; Eadweard II., 192;
iEthclrffid II., 209 ; Cnut, 256
;
Harold I., 307 ; Edward Conf., 339.
Bedford (Bedanford or Bedeford), Ead-
wig, 158; Eadgar, 1G8; Eadweard
II., 192 ; ^thelrred II., 209 ; Cnut,
25G : Harold I., 307 ; Edward Conf.,
341 ; Harold II., 461.
Bedwin (Bedewine), Edward Conf.,
342.
Berkeley (Beorclea), Edward Conf.,
342.
Brewton (Briutune), Cnut, 257.
Bristol (Bricgstow), Cnut, 257 ; Harold
I., 307 ; Edward Conf., 342 ; Harold
II., 461.
Buckingham (Buccingahain), yEthcl-
ricdll.,210.
Cadbury (Cadanburh), Cnut, 258.
Cambridge (Grantebrycgo), iEthelrosd
II., 218; Cnut, 271 ; Harold I., 310;
Edward Conf,, 374 ; Harold II., 465.
Canterbury (Crontwaraburh or Doro-
bernia), Ecgbeorht, 6; iEthelwulf,
13; iElfred, 38; iEthelstan, 106;
Eadgar, 1G8; Eadweard II., 193
iEtheirajd II., 210; Cnut, 258
Harold I., 308 ; Edward Conf., 343
Harold II., 462.
Castle Rising (Roiseng), ^Eifred, 54.
Chester (Leigeceaster), .^thelstan,
108; Eadmuud, 124; Eadgar, 171
^thelrfed II., 220; Cnut, 276
Harold I., 312 ; Edward Conf., 388
Harold II., 467.
Chichester (Ciseceastxe or Cicestrie),
.^thelriBd II., 211; Cnut, 258;
Harold I., 308 ; Edward Conf., 348 ;
Harold II., 462.
Colchester (Colcnccastrc), .^tliclraid
II., 211 ; Cnut, 259 ; Harold I., 308;
Edward Conf., 350; Harold II., 462.
Crewkcrne (Crucern), Cnut, 260.
Cricklade (Crecgclade or Crocgelade),
Cnut, 259 ; Edward Conf., 351.
Derby (Deoraby), ^Ethelstan, 105
Eadgar, 169; Eadweard II., 193
^Iholnod II., 212; Edward Conf.,
352; Harold II., 462.
Dereham (Dyrham), Edward Conf.,
356.
Dorchester (Dorceastre), Cnut, 261 ;
Edward Conf., 355.
Dorobernia. See Canterbury,
Dover (Dofcran), .ffitholrajd II.. 212;
Cnut, 260; Har.d.l I., 309; Edward
Conf., 3.53; Harold II., 463.
This IV.— INIiKX OF MIXTS,
Klulmundnhnrli. .->" M. Eaflmiinfls-
liiirv.
KlHtriKMiin or I'lofcrwir. Sec York.
Kxr(i'r(Kuxiiiu'('(i.Htrc, Exoccftstro, &c.),
A'AlWil 'IC; .'laii.lstnn, 100; Ead-
pir, IC!); .f:tli(lrm<l 11.. 2i:{ ; Cnut,
2t;i; Ilnn.l.l I., :J0!» ; Iliirtliacnut,
:{25; EdwftnU'oiif.,:!.-)?: Harold II.,
4«4.
Gooi^tiburh. See Jedburgh.
GiMcoastor. <St>« Ilchcster.
Giposwic. See Ipswicli.
Gloucester (Gleaweccaster), iElfied,
4G ; iEthcIstan, 108 ; iEtlielrti)d II.,
217; Cnut, 270; Hartliacnut, 325;
Edward Couf., 373 ; Harold II., 405.
Gmntebrycpc. See Cambridge,
(iuiliiford (Gildeforda or Guliieforda),
Hartliacnut, 325 ; Edward Conf.,
375 ; Harold II., 4G4.
Hamtune. Sre Southampton.
Hastings (Hii-stinga or Hestingport),
Cnut, 272; Harold I.. 311; EdwardConf., 370 ; Harold II., 400.
Hereford, iEthelstan, 108; ^thclrred
II., 219; Cnut, 273; Hartbaciiut,
325 ; Edward Conf., 380 ; Harold II.,
400.
Hertford (Heortford), Eadweard II.,
194; iEtlichiDd II.,218; Cnut, 273;
Edward Couf, 379.
Ilorndou (Ilorninduua), Edward Conf.,
382.
Huntingdou (Iluntandune), Eadwig,
159; Eadgar, 170; ^thelned II.,
219; Cnut, 274; Edward Conf.,
382; Harold II., 400.
Hythe (Uy^a), Cnut, 274; EdwardConf., 383.
IlchcBtcr (Gifclccastcr), iEthclrred II.,
210; Cnut, 209; Edward Conf., 371
;
Harold II.. 404.
Ip.swicli (fJipi'Swic), Eadweard II.,
193; iEtlielrjcdII.,217; Cnut,270;
Harold I., 310; Edward Couf., 371;
Harold II., 405.
.Jedburgh (GeoSaburh), .^thelrted II.,
216.
Lancaster (Landcaster), Cnut, 275.
Langport (Lancport or Longport),
^thelstan,112; Cnut, 275 ; Edward
Conf., 380.
Leicester (Leherccaster), Cnut, 275
;
Harold L, 311; Harthacnut, 320;
Edward Conf. 387; Harold U.,
467.
Leigeceaster. See Chester.
Lewes (Lsewes), Eadgar, 170 ; jEthel-
r.-ed II., 208, 219 ; Cnut, 274; Harold
I., 311 ; Edward Conf., 384; Harold
II., 466.
Lincoln (Lincolla or Lincolne), .Alfred,
40; Eadweard H., 194; iEtbel-
raed IL, 221 ; Cnut, 278; Harold L,
312; Harthacnut, 326; Edward
Conf., 391 ; Harold II., 467.
London (Londonia or Lundene), Al-
fred, 47; ^thelstan, 111 ; Eadraund,
125; Eadgar, 172; Eadweard IL,
195 ; ^Ethelraid IL, 223; Cnut. 281 ;
Harold L, 313; Harthacnut, 320;
Edward Conf., 397; Harold U., 468.
Longport. See Langport.
Lufl'wick (Luueic), Eadweard IL,
195.
Lydford (Lydanford), .Eltbelrred If.,
230.
Lymne (lamenc), Eadweard II., 194.
IV.—INDEX OF MINTS. 539
Maldon (Mffildune), ^Ithelrajd 11.,
230; Cnut, 287; Edward Conf., 417.
Malmesbury (Mealmesburh), Cnut, 288;
Edward Conf., 418.
Newark (Newe), Eadwig, 160.
Newport (Niweiwrto), Edward Conf.,
418.
Norwich (Nor<5wic), iEthelstan, 112;
Eadmund, 125 ; Eadrcd, 144 ; iEthel-
rajd II. 231 ; Cnut, 288 ; Harold I.,
315 ; Edward Conf., 418 ; Harold II.,
469.
Nottingham (Suotingaham), .a^tbel-
stan, 113; Cnut, 292; Harold I.,
316; Harthacnut, 327; Edward
Conf., 429 ; Harold II., 470.
Oxford (Orsnaforda or Oxnaford), Al-
fred, 50; iEthelstan, 112; .^Ethel-
rsed II., 232 ; Cnut, 288 ; Harold I.,
315; Harthacnut, 327; Edward
Conf., 420; Harold II., 4G9.
Richborough (Ricyeburh), Cnut, 289
;
Edward Conf., 422.
Rochester (Rofcceastre), Eadgar, 173;
^thelrfcd XL, 232; Cnut, 290;
Harold I., 315 ; Edward Conf., 422 ;
Harold II., 470.
Roiseng. Sea Castle Rising.
Rnniney (Rumcnea), iEthelrajd II.,
233; Cnut, 290; Elward Conf.,
423; Harold II., 470.
St. Eadmundsbury (Eadmundsburh),
Edward Conf., 356.
Salisbury (Sereburh), Cnut, 291 ; Ed-
ward Cunf., 428.
Sandwich (Sandwic). TEthclnrd II..
233; Edward Conf., 121.
Shaftesbury (Sceftesburh), iEthelr.Td
II., 233 ; Cnut, 290 ; Edward Conf.,
425 ; Harold II., 470.
Shrewsbury (Scrobesburh), ^thclstan,
113; ^thelrred II., 233; Cnut, 291;
Harold I., 316; Edward Conf., 427.
Sidbury (Si^esteburh), iEthelrajd II.,
234 ; Cnut, 292.
Snotingaham. Si'e Nottingham.
Southampton (Hamtune), Eadwig,
159; Eadgar, 170; Eadweard II.,
194 ; ^thelrajd II., 218 ; Cnut, 272
;
Harold I., 311 ; Edward Conf., 379 ;
Harold II., 465.
Southwark (Su^geweorc), ^thelrred
11., 235; Cnut, 294; Harthacnut,
327 ; Edward Conf., 433 ; Harold II.,
471.
Stafford (Staifforda), Edward Conf., 429.
Stamford (Stanford), Eadgar, 173;
Eadweard II., 195; iEthelrred II.,
234; Cnut, 293; Harold I., 316;
Edward Conf., 431 ; Harold II., 471.
Stanwick (Stanwic), .^thelraid II.,
235.
Steyning (Sta^nig), Cnut, 292 ; Hartha-
cnut, 327 ; Edward Conf., 430 ;
Harold II., 470.
Sudbury (SuSburh), ^Ethelrred II.,
235 ; Edward Conf., 433.
SuiSgeweorc. See Southwark.
Tamworth (TamweorS), Edward Conf,
434.
Taunton (Tantunc), Cnut, 294; Ed-
ward Conf., 435.
Tempsford (Tiemeseforda or Tcmo-
sanford), Eadgar, 173.
Thotford (piotford^, Eadgar, 175;
yEthclnxjd II., 240; Cnut, 299;
Harold I., 318; Edward Conf., 453;
lIiiroM II.. 171.
r)iu IV.— INItEX OF MINTS.
Torkwy 'TurtHnip-). MthcUitH} II., 230.
Totix-HH (T<itftna<H), A1i)\i\Tmd II., 2:W;
Cniit. 21):..
Turct'Bigo. See Torksi y.
AViilliiiKfonl (Wi-nliiigftforil or Wcliga-
forl), .Ktlnl.-flan, 114; Eadgar, 171
yKtlielra>(l IF., 2:t7; Cnut, 29G
Harold I., 317; Edward Conf., 43G
Harold II., 471.
Wareliam (Wcrham), jEthcLstan, 114;
yEthc-lncd II., 237; Edward Conf.,
43.S; Harold II., 472.
AVarwiok (Wa-ringwic), yEthclstan,
114; Cuut, 295; Harold I, 316;
Eilward Conf., 435; Harold XL, 471.
Watclut (Wcccdport), ^tliclricd II.,
230 ; Cnut, 295 ; Edward Conf, 438.
Wclniesford, Cnut, 296.
Wilton (Wiltune), Eadgar. 174 ; iEthel-
rffid II., 237 : Cnut, 297; Harold I.,
317 ; Edward Conf., 440 ; Harold II.,
472.
Wiiichcomhc (Winctlcuinb), Cnut. 29'J.
Wiiicli<lHoa (WiticclHca), Eadgar, 174;
l-:dward Conf, 453.
Witiclicbtcr (Wincf-aatrc or Wintonia),
iElfred, 55; iEthelstan, 115; Ead-
wig, 160; Eadgar, 175; Eadwcard
II., 196; iEthelrffid II., 238; Cnut,
297; Harold I., 317; Hartliacnut,
328; Edward Conf , 443 ; Harold H.,
473.
Worcester (Wiliraceaster or Woricea-
Bter), iEthelrajd II., 240 ; Cnut, 296
;
Edward Conf., 439.
York (Eboracum or Eoferwic), iEthel-
stan, 106; Eadwig, 158; Eadgar,
169; Eadweard II., 193; ^Ihelraid
II., 214 ; Cnut, 2G2 ; Harold I., 309 ;
Edward Conf., 359; Harold II., 463.
peotford. See Thctford.
TABLES.
( '>^'-i )
T A B L E
OK
'I'm; Uiiaiim; Wr,i<;nT.s of En'gmsii Grains and Frfncii Grammks.
(ruiii.s.
( 543 )
TABLEOF
TiiK Ei;t,ative Weioiits of English Grains and French Grammes.
Grains.
( >14 )
TABLE
CoNVEiiTiNo English Inches into Millimetres and the
Measurks of Mionnet's Scale.
English
6'al.£y^. C^oms: MJ/Pl./.
^'fj
'^i^
/>k>vX:^'"-i
># g'^
Mil
'y.^
ECGBEO RHT
CatF?{^. Cfil/is. mj/PU/.
'"^1 v-
-^a^di^
AETHELWULF
Cat3i^. Chms. VaJ/Pl///.
J^ --^
'-/^¥'
3 ^^',
=2^
?v. ',^>> ^
lU ~-
:^r
---L
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AETHELWULF
ra/?. E/u/.rof^/s: VoU/.Pi. TV.
.^^m
AETHELBEARHT
AETHELRED I
---#
l^f f* '^\ f^- ^'^ ^ o - / r77r r i-
AETHELBEARHT. AETHELRED 1. AELFRED
Catl/ifCm/u. VflJ/.P/. V.
(14 k^mM
s #
AELFRED
CatBf.c>i/iS Vnil/.Pl y/
vr- - - !" .. r^^4 /^^- ^^\i vta.m
] l^\0-M] vct^itli: __3
5
f^l.-^Ux
4^^' /J
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3
A E L F R E D
C'atBi^. Coim. Vt?l. //.PL V//
'if.
/J^XJ/ t^i
1^^7>.'^>
-^ -
(.??
EAD WEARD the ELDER
CktB^i^bmsMJ/Pl. V///.
4^^
X
'^ t'S^x/"-t-&/-
JiT^
EAD we:ard thl elder
cht.AH Corns. VaU/.P/JX.
AETHE'LSTA N
Chi J>^ cbrns. '/olJ/P/.X.
.<^.
r-« ' ^ --- -- /^
v'-'^i^^^ >N.
?J^C^^'
^ Z. ZJ
.M
'<ii
ARTH ELSTA N
CatFm/.C^i765: m./lPlM
"^v #
fo;:^^-. y^..
^Mr-.
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Oiiiy/^.row.MjmM
r-- 1^ -v
E A D R E D
:^M^^ r..'''S^^'-
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y
/&,/^
.'5^»^-^
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EADRED - EADWIC
^}7t.3/a. rM?zs. Va/J/PLI///.
rU i
EAD Wl G
EADC AR
EADWIG - EADGA R
Cat..B/i(7. (^om,^. FoUlPLUV.
'^:,i
^5 '!<:// --,
'^%;
EADGAR
^i>.., A^^x .4#%^ .^'^^^2
13
Z:'*Jr.,. ^k
^ ;y^r' %£EADWEARD II
EADGAR. EADWEARD JI
ralF/i^. ams. VoU/P/.XV.
4 s'^'' 'r^?^^-^V'^/ . <-
^5:::<fe.
^.-:>' •7
/ETHELR/ED
^al.3i^. cHns. VoU/.RXV/.
'^^fT^^
jpi \5:Jy-M;115te:;
<^i£i>
^^<^^ 5'-~y-i"^^y
.jTTt^- ^7^.-
(^gjj:^ 13 ^<^^iy
/ETHELR/ED II
ry.Fn^. Q?(7?.s. M/m.m/.
. Xii^.'
^^^>;, ^^'^f:^^j
CNUT,
(^.3ta.O,ms. VoUJP/.mil.
0.'^y> 4 ,
-~r:^;-..
"^^^^
9 ^-^^i.
^^/^a'"
::-//
?>^-.'^^
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W^jt 13V' ^--7'
15^/-ri/i:.
CNUT
Ck/: /,W. C'm'^s. Vo/JIP/IJX
^' - 1^ H ^r ^\ /<rjik
%.^^15
CNUT
CUFm. Ch/yis. VoU/.PL XX.
1^-
.^
'W I?
'^^
> •>. "t^.
^^7 7 <t^h^J>^^^.ti:^
i^:V 9 "<^^
HAROLD 1
CalFm- Col^l^. Vol.//.PL XX/.
^ /=^
rm.^^'^j^ 7
HARTHACNUT
Ca/.f:nff.a>uis. VoL7m.XM.
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oa ^̂1^&. m^^/ ^<^i
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CkiKrK^/hi^'S. VoL/m.XXIV
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4
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Cy/Efu/. a^Ms. Vo/J/.RXXV.
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rUFn^. Ckns. Vo/J/RXXW.
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F:?i >1>^' b ^*1£-l:
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r'a<^F77^. (bins. Vo/J/.PLXXVIJ
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^^ 5 s^^
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:Vj/^- 7 V^..
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14- ^r^.i^r "Vt-^
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CatFTi^. (hens. Vo/J/.R.IXWn.
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CaiFna.rouis^ VoUmjOIX.
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Ca^Fn^uis. IvU/.PLlXX.
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CcU.£:zi^. Chi^. yaU/./'LXXx/.
fj-Sl.^^, jm^^.
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C'ai.Fr/a. Om/^c M//.PLXXIII.
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7C
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