Chairpersons: Air Flotilla General Vasile BUCINSCHI, PhD

Rector of “Henri Coandă” Air Force Academy, Romania Brigadier General Boris ĎURKECH, PhD

Rector of Armed Forces Academy of General Milan Rastislav Štefánik, Slovakia

Members: Brigadier General Ghiţă BÂRSAN, PhD “Nicolae Bălcescu” Land Forces Academy, Romania Professor Eng. Milan SOPOCI, PhD Armed Forces Academy of General Milan Rastislav Štefánik, Slovakia

Associate Professor Mária PETRUFOVÁ, PhD Armed Forces Academy of General Milan Rastislav Štefánik, Slovakia

Associate Professor Eng. Miroslav ŠKOLNÍK, PhD Armed Forces Academy of General Milan Rastislav Štefánik, Slovakia

Associate Professor Eng. Marcel HARAKAL, PhD Armed Forces Academy of General Milan Rastislav Štefánik, Slovakia

Professor Dr. Hab. Marek WALANCIK, PhD Business Academy in Dabrowa Gornicza, Poland Professor Barry JACKSON, PhD Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania, USA Professor Florentin SMARANDACHE, PhD University of New Mexico, USA Associate Professor Ludovic Dan LEMLE, PhD, "Politehnica" University of Timisoara, Romania Professor Yiwen JIANG, PhD Military Economics Academy, China Professor Gherman A. DE LA REZA, PhD Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Mexico

Professor Eng. Juraj MIČEK, PhD University of Zilina, Slovakia

Assistant Professor Ozgur Koray SAHINGOZ, PhD Turkish Air Force Academy, Turkey

Professor Mircea LUPU, PhD "Transilvania" University, Romania

Professor Corneliu UDREA, PhD University of Pitesti, Romania

Professor Victor Valeriu PATRICIU, PhD Military Technical Academy, Romania

Professor Stefan-Gheorghe PENTIUC, PhD "Stefan cel Mare" University, Romania

Professor Răzvan - Lucian ANDRONIC, PhD “Spiru Haret” University, Romania

Professor Ciprian Ioan RĂULEA, PhD “Lucian Blaga” University, Romania

Professor Constantin -Edmond CRACSNER, PhD Ecological University, Romania

Professor Cătălin Marius GHERASIM, PhD Psychology Application Center, Romania Associate Professor Rudolf HORAK, PhD University of Defense, Czech Republic Associate Professor Jaromir MARES, PhD University of Defense, Czech Republic Professor Aurel CRIŞAN, PhD "Transilvania" University, Romania Colonel Mihail ANTON, PhD National Defense University, Romania

Professor Gavrilă CALEFARIU, PhD "Transilvania" University, Romania Professor Constantin DUGULEANĂ, PhD "Transilvania" University, Romania Professor Philippe DONDON, PhD ENSEIRB, France Professor Maria IOANIDES, PhD National Technical University, Greece Professor Melissa LUKA, PhD Syracuse University, USA

Professor Daniela ROSCA, PhD University of Craiova, Romania Colonel Robert SZABOLCSI, PhD University of Public Order, Hungary Professor Eng. Alex STEFAN, PhD Manhattan Institute of Management, USA Professor Maria TUDOR, PhD Economic Science Academy, Romania Associate Professor Anca PETRE, PhD Universite de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, France Professor Petrică VIZUREANU, PhD “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University, Romania Associate Professor Eng. Sławomir AUGUSTYN, PhD National Defense University, Poland Marek MARKIEWICZ PhD National Defense University, Poland Professor Eng. Marian PEARSICA, PhD “Henri Coandă” Air Force Academy, Romania Professor Eng. Constantin ROTARU, PhD “Henri Coandă” Air Force Academy, Romania Professor Traian ANASTASIEI, PhD “Henri Coandă” Air Force Academy, Romania

Associate Professor Eng. Doru LUCULESCU, PhD “Henri Coandă” Air Force Academy, Romania Professor Eng. Mircea BOŞCOIANU, PhD “Henri Coandă” Air Force Academy, Romania

1. Professor Jacques ABEN Directeur général de l’enseignement universitaire

Ecoles d’officiers de l’armée de l’air, France

2. Dr. John Andreas OLSEN Visiting professor at the Swedish National Defense College,

Norway

3. Brigadier General Boris ĎURKECH Rector of Armed Forces Academy

of General Milan Rastislav Štefánik, Slovakia

4. Air Flotilla General Vasile BUCINSCHI Rector of “Henri Coandă” Air Force Academy,

Romania

1. AIR FORCE 2. MANAGEMENT

Coordinator: Maj. Assist. Prof. Cătălin CIOACĂ, PhD

E-mail: catalin.cioaca@afahc.ro

3. ENGINEERING SCIENCE 4. APPLIED MATHEMATICS, COMPUTER SCIENCE, IT&C

Coordinator: Assist. Prof. Eng. Liliana MIRON, PhD E-mail: engineering_afases@afahc.ro

5. SOCIO-HUMANITIES 6. WORKSHOPS

Coordinator: Assist. Prof. Mihaela GURANDA, PhD E-mail: mihaela.guranda@yahoo.com

PRESIDENT: Lt.Col. Laurian GHERMAN, PhD

MEMBERS: Maj. Cătălin CIOACĂ, PhD Capt. Cmd. Ionică CÎRCIU, PhD Maj. Cornel ARAMĂ, PhD Assist. Prof. Liliana MIRON, PhD Assist. Prof. Constantin STRÎMBU, PhD Assist. Prof. Cristian CONSTANTINESCU, PhD Assist. Prof. Gheorghe RADU, PhD Math. Carmen URSOIU Lt.Col. Cristian ENE Assist. Prof Mihaela GURANDA, PhD Assist. Prof Mihaela SMEADĂ, PhD Assoc. Prof. Diana ILIŞOI, PhD Assist. Bogdan Gheorghe MUNTEANU, PhD Assist. Daniela NAGY, PhD

LOGISTICS: Col. Dumitru DINU Lt.Col. Bogdan CHIOSEAUA Lt. Cosmin TATULESCU WO Marian MIHALACHE

SECRETARIAT: Maj. Cristea-Gabriel RĂU Eng. Mariana GHINDĂOANU

E-mail: afa_ses@afahc.ro

March, 31st 2015 – sending of full paper(s); April, 25th 2015 – evaluation of the paper by the

Scientific Committee; confirmation of acceptance;

May, 12th 2015 – sending of the payment proof for the participation fee; sending of the registration form.

- Papers will be written in English using the template from the Internet. - Full papers will be submitted via e-mail, as attachments (*.doc and NOT .docx) to the e-mail address of the designated section’ coordinator.

- Registration form and payment proof will be sent via e-mail, as attachments to the e-mail address of the designated section’ coordinator. One person could participate as a unique author, main author, or co-author with maximum TWO (2) PAPERS.

The participation fees:

Foreign participants

Romanian participants

80 Euro 250 Lei

To be paid in one of the bank accounts:

Lei: RO61RNCB0053124225720001, BCR Brasov; Euro: RO34RNCB0053124225720002, BCR Brasov

code SWIFT: RNCB ROBU, on the name: ASCEDU.

28 May 2014

16.00 – 19.00 Arrival of foreign delegations 19.00 – 21.00 Ice Breaker Evening (all participants

are invited / dress code: smart casual) 29 May 2014

08.00 – 08.30 Welcoming and registration 08.30 – 10.30 Official Opening. Plenary session 10.30 – 10.45 Photo session 11.00 – 13.00 Paper presentation on sections (I) 13.00 – 13.15 Coffee Break 13.15 – 15.00 Paper presentation on sections (II) 15.00 – 16.00 Lunch 16.00 – 18.00 Paper presentation on sections (III) 20.00 – 24.00 Official Dinner (all participants are

invited / dress code: business casual) 30 May 2014

09.00 – 14.00 Sightseeing activities (all participants are invited / no dress code)

14.00 – 15.00 Departure of foreign delegations

“Henri Coandă” AIR FORCE ACADEMY

ROMANIA

“General M. R. Stefanik” ARMED FORCES ACADEMY

SLOVAKIA

“Henri Coandă” ASSOCIATION FOR

RESEARCH AND EDUCATION

“HENRI COANDĂ” AIR FORCE ACADEMY

BRASOV, 160 Mihai Viteazul Street, 500183 http://www.afahc.ro/en/afases.html

Email: afa_ses@afahc.ro

THE 17th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE

“SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND EDUCATION

IN THE AIR FORCE”

Celebrating 20th years of “Henri Coandă”

Air Force Academy 1995-2015

MAY 28 – 30, 2015

“HENRI COANDA” “GENERAL M.R. STEFANIK” AIR FORCE ACADEMY ARMED FORCES ACADEMY

ROMANIA SLOVAK REPUBLIC

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE of SCIENTIFIC PAPER AFASES 2015

Brasov, 28-30 May 2015

TRANSMISSION CODING SYSTEM USING HAMMING ENCODING

FHSS

Gabriel Anastasiu*, Elena Anastasiu**

*Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Suceava, Romania, ** Al.cel.Bun Colledge,Gura Humorului, Romania,

Abstract: Current issues facing many communication systems, especially the unauthorized interception requires solving by various methods against jamming type. These methods range from sub-level coding and coding to mixed. In this article I present a mixed method that can be used in various transmission systems. Keywords: jamming, hamming, coding level.

1. INTRODUCTION In current systems need the possibility of

transmission observed "hide" or encoding information using different coding elements.

This signal encoding is required when sending confidential data or maximum security, such as a military systems.

In this article I will try to present their own contribution and that makes a double coding of data, which provides a good security system to intercept and a small cost. The system presented below is an experiment conducted on a small scale but can be extended to other professional type systems using other modules such as performing Intel Intel Edisson or Galileo.

2. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

The system is based on two elements modular development board Arduino Leonardo [6] and Pololu Wixel radio [7].

Leonardo Arduino development board is made by people from Arduino and is a board based on ATMEGA32U4. It has 20 pin digital

input / output (of which 7 can be used as PWM outputs and 12 analog inputs and a micro USB connection. It also has 6 analog inputs / outputs that can connect different sensors, figure 1:

Figure 1 Arduino Leonardo parts

Pololu Wixel transceiver type plate, Figure

2 [6] is a development board radio operating at 2.4 GHz frequency and allows multiple applications among which one you will use this material, ie FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum ). Implementation plate modulation is done by programming the micro USB port and then the communication between Arduino board and Wixel.

Figure 2 Pololu Wixel Board

Block diagram of the proposed system is given in Figure 3:

Figure 3 Block diagram

3.CODING SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION DECODE Hamming

FHSS

From the block diagram it can be seen that the application source coding system is the module Arduino Leonardo. Following tests using NRZ coding or Hamming [1] revealed that only encoding that provides secure is indeed a model Hamming coding.

Hamming encoding is defined in the literature as correcting code and error detector and two errors.

The code contains four data bits d1, d2, d3, d4 and 3 parity bits p1, p2, p3. Parity bits are calculated as follows:

p1 sums d1, d2, d4 p2 sums d1, d3, d4 p3 sums d2, d3, d4

Organize bits in the codeword is:

p1 p2 d1 p3 d2 d3 d4

The encoding: codeword is determined by calculating the corresponding parity using both look how odd parity and parity.

The decoding: Calculated parity check with the appropriate and correct actually sums and correct parity and check showing 0.

An example of Hamming coding based on which system you implement an algorithm for Arduino Leonardo is:

The encoding either the codeword 1001. We calculate:

p1 = 1+0+1 = 0

p2 = 1+0+1 = 0

p3 = 0+0+1 = 1

resulting Hamming code 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 s are represented by the underlined parity bits.

The decoding: 0011001 We assume that you received without errors.

We will reconstruct the data bits: 1 0 0 1

Parity should be checked:

p1 + d1 + d2 + d4 = 0 + 1 + 0 + 1 = 0

p2 + d1 + d3 + d4 = 0 + 1 + 0 + 1 = 0

p3 + d2 + d3 + d4 = 1 + 0 + 0 + 1 = 0

How these values are 0 results that there was error.We implemented an application that supplied after running the Arduino environment Arduino Sketch_apr17a [2], the example shownabove, the result provided below:

this works for message of 4bits in size

enter message bit one by one: 1 2 3 4

the encoded bits are given below:

1 2 3 0 4199040 7 6 4201166 4

Code will be forwarded obtained board transceiver type Pololu Wixel is scheduled to work FHSS mode. Spread Spectrum modulation techniques such techniques are defined as the bandwidth of the transmitted signal is much larger than the bandwidth of the original message, and the bandwidth of the transmitted signal is determined by the message to be transmitted and an additional signal known as the spreading code.

Arduino

Leonardo

coding/deccodin

g

Wixel

“HENRI COANDA” “GENERAL M.R. STEFANIK” AIR FORCE ACADEMY ARMED FORCES ACADEMY

ROMANIA SLOVAK REPUBLIC

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE of SCIENTIFIC PAPER AFASES 2015

Brasov, 28-30 May 2015

Spectrum technology was first used during World War II by the army, which has experienced extended spectrum, low interference because it offered much-needed security. are two ways to achieve spread: frequency hopping and direct sequencing. Frequency hopping is one of the variants of spread spectrum techniques that allows the coexistence of multiple networks (or other devices) in the same area. Frequency hopping is resistant to attempts to decode multiple frequency by multiplying mechanism. Frequency hopping radio transmission is a technique where the signal is divided into several parts and then transmitted through the ether using a random pattern of jumping or "jump" frequencies. The frequency hopping may be several times a second to a few thousand times per second. Frequency hopping is the most easy to use spread spectrum modulation model. Any radio with digital control type frequency synthesizer can theoretically be used in a radio system with frequency hopping. This conversion requires the addition of a generator pseudo noise (PN) code to select frequencies for transmission or reception. The best type FHSS systems using a uniform frequency hopping band. FSS subsystem produces an effect of spreading pseudo random jump RF carrier frequency over disponibile.The RF frequencies are denoted f1 ... FN where N may represent several radio harmonics made or more. An illustration of a FHSS system type is given in Figure 5:

Figure 5 FHSS Wixell model system

4. Experimental results

To achieve a real implementation of a software module to perform a FHSS Pololu Wixel[7] we started from a dedicated algorithm which comply with the elements of Figure 5, Figure 6:

Figure 6 Algorithm model FHSS WIXEL

The implementation of this algorithm translates as the workings of the FHSS Wixel plate. So the result is a signal output which theoretically can not be decoded unless known mathematical models applied, where it can be seen mixing Hamming coded signal over-bearing.Figure 7.

Figure 7 Wixel signal output

If assume 1-bit error:

1. If 1 check bit bad: Data is good, check bit itself got

Data

Select

Trans

ack

Resend

Ove

rfloLost

error

?

incremreport

ovechange

go to next

rx

corrupted. Ignore check bits. Data is good.

2. If more than 1 check bit bad: Data in error (single-bit error in data). Which check bits are bad shows you exactly where the data error was. They point to a unique bit which is the bit in error.In figure 9 is the FHSS over Hamming function of time.

Figure 9 Wixel output signal

Implementation scheme is illustrated in

figure 10 and figure 11 can see two basic components development board Arduino Leonardo Pololu Wixel .

Figure 10 Transmitter for FHSS along Hamming Code

Figure 11 Schematics implementation

Software implementation results in part described in chapter three of this article are measurable and can be highlighted and achieve primary receiving system that logically plays decoder. To achieve a simulation of the transmission system described in the article we used a number of lines of code containing information that a wanted transmitted. View information from the system I viewed it on the Arduino Leonardo serial interface, results are outlined in chapter 3, figure 12:

Figure 12 Data representation Serial Terminal

The implementation of this algorithm and combining with FHSS modulation coding type Hamming we got a system that is difficult to decode, at least theoretically but can be studied and implemented other more advanced systems such as Intel development board Galileo or Intel Edison. Such a system can provide a coding system to satisfy the requirements of civil and military.

5. CONCLUSIONS

Applying this dual coding system can be very useful because FHSS is highly resistant to both the jamming systems, simply because the algorithm to achieve the "frequency hopping" allow "insurance" in front of potential intruders but also because of coding Hamming type that allows error correction.

6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This paper was supported by the project "Sustainable performance in doctoral and post-doctoral research PERFORM - Contract no. POSDRU/159/1.5/S/138963", project co-funded from European Social Fund through Sectorial Operational Program Human Resources 2007-2013.

REFERENCES

1.J.Micolau, O.Juvilla "Hamming Block Codes" , Raymond Hills, January 2000

2. R.Petraru, and A.Velicu, “Basic practical elements in the deployment of embedded microprocessors using Arduino,” Ed.Techno Media Sibiu, 2014 (references) 3. Robofun, Arduino for beginers 4. R.Santos, “Random Nerd Tutorials” 5.www.robofun.ro 6. http://www.pololu.com 7. http://www.arduino.cc 8.http://www.ee.unb.ca/tervo/ee4253/Hammin

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