cognition slides

8/13/2019 Cognition Slides

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INTRODUCTION

Cognitive tasks are required a person to mentallyprocess new information and allow them to recall,retrieve that information from memory and to usethat information at a later time in the same orsimilar situations. (Kester 2012)an art of sound in time that expresses ideas andemotions in significant forms through the elementsof rhythm, melody, harmony, and color.


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I NTRODUCTION

The ability to attend selectively to meaningfulsources of information while ignoringirrelevant ones is essential to competent and

adaptive functioning (Lane & Pearson, 1982)

Schoenhals,(2004) mentioned that employees

had considered music as a form of enhancementto workplaces effectiveness and productiveness


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THEORY

Limited-Capacity Theory

Kahneman(1973)

Attention can be deployed at any one time is limited

When a person fails to recognize the information

Unable to pay enough attention


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RESEARCH QUESTION

Does music affect the participants attention while doingcognitive task?


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VARIABLES

Independent variable: Presence of music

Dependent variable: Cognitive task performance

Controlled variable: level of difficulty for the task


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OPERATIONAL DEFINITION

Brain X-TrainerProfessor Dr. Othman bin Dato Hj. Mohamed10 different patterns will be showed

5 seconds for each patterns25 questions regarding the patterns will be givenMemory retentionMeans score will be calculated and to be compared


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LITERATURE R EVIEW 1Comparing the effects of aging and background noise on short-termmemory performance

Murphy. D., Craik. F., Li. Z., and Schneider. B

University of Toronto

Participants were young adults and older adults

Result: Older adults in quiet setting perform the same as the young adults innoise setting; Younger adults perform better in a quieter environment

Critical review: The number of participants were too small and it onlyinvolves students from that particular University. Disparity between theyears of education between both group of participants.


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LITERATURE R EVIEW 2

How background music effects concentration inTaiwanese college students by Peter TzeDifferent types of music while students readingcomprehension task.Classical music, hip-hop music and without musicResult: Music with higher intensity is more distractingand greater effect on task performance or concentration

Critical review: It is time-constraint to participants tocomplete the task in 30 minutes.


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H YPOTHESIS

It is hypothesized that if background music is present,does it lower the attention of participants towardscognitive task.


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OBJECTIVE

The main goal of this study is to determine whetherthe music is the factor of distraction to cognitivetask performance.The participants will be requested to answer ananswer sheet with 25 questions.The questions are actually based on a softwareprogram called Brain X Factor to test the memoryand examine the students memorizing skills under2 different environments.Throughout the goals of this study, a researchquestions emerged: Does music distract thestudents when doing cognitive relevant tasks?


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PARTICIPANTS

P articipants aged in between 18 to 25 Students of Research Methods class of

Ms.Uma

There were a total of 42 participants consistof male and female college students.


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MEASUREMENT MATERIALS

Brain X-Trainer was used by the researchers astest sample in the research. The Brain X-Trainerwas developed by Matroll Group of Companies.The corporation is responsible for developingproducts and services for the Selangor Departmentof Education.Brain X-Trainer consists of 10 test items and 25questions about memory retention. Test items aredisplayed for 5 seconds and 5 seconds duration forresponse to be recorded.


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S CREENSHOTS OF THE SOFTWARE USED


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P ROCEDURE Consent was given to participantsFiltered according to age groupParticipants were given a briefing

Nature of experimentParticipants were required to memorize 10 testitemsResponses were recorded

Immediately after all items were displayed

Paper distributed to fill in responsesExperiment lasted for 30 minutesThanked participants for their cooperation andparticipation


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P ROCEDURE Discussion on results of experimentExamine limitations and improvements


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DISCUSSION Bradley and Furnham (1997), stated that there is asignificance effect of pop music on both extrovertsand introverts while carrying out cognitive tasks.

Burack (1994) found out that human mind has afinite capacity.

Tends to filter out old information (selective attention).


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LIMITATIONS & R ECOMMENDATIONS Researchers did not show the significance of themean score difference, results not valid andreliable.

A T-test design should be used in future research toclarify the significance of results

Duration for the participants to answer thequestions was too long.

Duration for the answering session should be shorten

and adjust the level of distraction.

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