Great EncyclopediaPublished in the year 561, Sassanid Year 337 by the Sassanid Imperial University

Dedicated to Ahura-Mazda, the Light of the World and ShahanShah Khosru IIUpdated 615, Sassanid Year 391, Year 23 of Hormizd IV

Abadon, Shahdom of

An Islamic Arabic state established in southern Mesopotamia in 522. The Abadonese migrated to Syria via a failed invasion of Egypt in 526. In 531 they migrated again and changed their name to Dar Al-Harb.

Aden, Sultanate of

Southern Arabia had been ruled by the Sabeans since c.1100 BC. Saba's power waned as the Romans dominated trade until a Noble family, the Himyarites seized power some time before 500 AD and declared themselves Kings of Aden. The Himyarites were Eastern Orthodox as opposed to Jewish like the later Kings of Saba. The Adenese king Abdullah converted to Islam in 521 as the religion was exploding upon the world. His heir Hamir changed his title to Caliph. In 571 Caliph Abu Haytham converted to Zoroastrianism, which led to a civil war. Abu Haytham also changed his title to Sultan upon conversion.

The Dynasties of AdenHimyarites (c.470-)

Aengland, Conquest of

The Germanic Angles had invaded and settled in Briton c.450 AD. By 501 the Celtic nations of Powys, Dumnonia and Reget united together in an alliance to drive the Angles out. In 501 Powys raided Anglia and Dumnonia was able to conquer all of Kent up to London. In 506 Anglia split with Aengland and sided with Powys. On March 7th and 8th of that year, the Aenglish re-took Kent in a very bloody two-day battle. Reget invaded the Angle region of Holland in 511 and quickly conquered it, killing the Angle Prince Coelwulf in the battle. Later that year the Aenglish met a combined Powys-Dumnonian-Reget army at Aylesford in Kent and were utterly crushed, with King Aelle falling.In besieged London, a short civil war broke out in which Hengest the last of Aelle's sons was killed. The few remaining Angle troops surrendered the city. Germanic power in Briton was wiped out.

Aengland, Kingdom of

The Angles and Jutes migrated to Britain c.450 at the behest of the Celtic King Vortigern. He needed mercenaries to fight his wars. In 455 the leader of the Angles, Hengest, invited Vortigern to a feast and then treacherously killed him. The Angles then seized the land of Kent and established their Kingdom of Aengland with Hengest as the first king. Many wars were fought with the native Celts. The final battle began in 501 and ended ten years later with the fall of London and the victory of the Celts. The Oiscingas ruled Aengland for it's entire existence.A rebel nation existed for a short time during 576. It had revolted against the Danes, but fell to the expanding Britannians.

The Dynasties of AenglandOiscingas (455-511)Individual KingFaromod (576)

Agoruvixians, The

The royal family of Egypt. The dynasty and kingdom were both established in 518 when Agoruvix rebelled against Constantinople.

The Agoruvixian KingsAgoruvix (518-530)Aetius (530-561)Tiberius (561-577)Ramsis (577-596)Anubis (596-)

Akan, Lords of the Gold Coast

A West African kingdom founded by the Akan people around, or shortly before, c.500. The Akan are ruled by the Barangian Dynasty. Queen Lhas converted to Coptic Christianity around 600 and most of her pagan nation followed.

The Dynasties of AkanBarangians (c.500-)

Akwar, Kingdom of

A West African kingdom founded sometime around c.500 by the Malinkian Dynasty. They were slowly conquered by the invading Croats 571-588.

The Dynasties AkwarMalinkians (c.500-588)

Alamanni, Kingdom of the

Hermann, Chief of the Alamanni proclaimed himself King and vowed to unite the Germanic peoples of central Europe.

The Alamanni KingHermann (598-)

Alaringians, The

The first royal family of the Visigothic kingdom, named for the founder Alaric. The dynasty came to an end when the last Alaringian, Dameric, was assassinated.

The Alaringian KingsWandering chiefs

Alaric I (-410)Atauf (410-415)Walla (415-417)Kings in Toulouse (Federati)Theodoric I (417-451)Theodoric II (451-466)Kings of Spain (independent)Euric (466-484)Alaric II (484-499)Osoric (499-512)Alaric III (512-534)King in EurasiaDameric I (534-551)

Albion, Kingdom of

The area of Northern Britain, which was to become Albion, was never controlled by Rome and was little influenced by them. Because of this, the people were a little more backwards and had been Christians for a shorter time than their Romanized Celtic neighbors to the south.The Kingdom of Albion was established some time in the mid 5th century by the Pictish Aneilings who united the Picts of the north with the recently migrated Scots of the south. The Albionese were slowly becoming more Celtic in their culture. This led to a backlash of sorts by King Drust, which in turn led to the Druidic Christian heresy, the fall of Albion and the Great Migration across the seas.Dempsey led his people across the sea in 527 and settled a number of islands in the New Land. There Albion was reborn and a new capital, New Scone, built.

The Dynasties of AlbionAneilings (c.450-)

Albion Druidic War (the Conquest of Albion)

In 521 the Powysians attempted to liberate Iona from Albion. The Powysian navy was defeated and driven off and the rioting in Iona broken up. This was not the true beginning of the war though for in that same year, even after the Schism, a Princess of Celtic Reget was wed to Brude, king of Albion. The Celtic Alliance of Reget, Powys and Dumnonia agreed on an invasion of Albion by 526. A large Celtic navy sank the Pictish navy in the Irish Sea, which opened up the route to Iona. In response to this Iona rose up in rebellion against the Druidic Picts. The rebels were able to open the gates for the landing Powysians who turned the tide and liberated Iona, Seat of the Celtic Church. In early 527 the combined Celtic armies invaded Albion. Brude, realizing he was hopelessly outnumbered called on his people to prepare for a great migration. The Celts had pushed too far in for the lowland Scots to migrate but the highland Picts were able to with the stalling tactics of the Albionese army. The armies met outside of Scone. The Celts had 51,000 warriors to 28,000 for Albion. The Picts were wiped out, almost to the man. King Brude was also killed but they had given their countrymen time to flee north into the sea and the unknown. When the Celts stormed Scone they killed the Druidic Christian Patriarch Aldair.

Alfold, Dar Al' Harb Emirate of

With the loss of the Second Islamic War, the Harar, with the remnants of the Imam's priests, were allowed to migrate to Eastern Europe. There, Ali, Emir of Harar was proclaimed Caliph of Islam. In 597 Ali gave his secular lands and titles to the Emir of Dar Al-Harb and became just the Imam of Islam.

Rulers of AlfoldCaliph of AlfoldAli Al Mohammed (581-597) [Emir of Harar 571-581]Emir of AlfoldMahir al-Matir (597-) [Emir of Dar Al' Harb 585-597]

Annam, War for

Civil war had erupted in China. The new Hu Empire agreed to give Annam and Dai Viet back to Champa, who had lost them in the Golden Dragon-Champan War. The Dragon Empire swore to keep them for China. Champa invaded Annam in 602 with 15,000 soldiers. Opposing them were 12,000 elite Shaolin warriors. After a fierce battle the Champans were forced to withdraw suffering 11,000 casualties to the 3000 Shaolin.In 606 the Champans returned and quickly pacified Dai Viet. Next, the Champans got revenge by utterly destroying the Dragon army in Annam.

Aneilings, The

The royal family of Albion. The dynasty and kingdom were established c.450 but the oldest known Matriarch is Aneila, so the dynasty is named for her. The Picts have a matrilineal succession. In 556 the Dynasty took over the role of the Pelegian High Priests to become Priest-Kings. In 601 the Pelegian Church was again made an independent entity.

Aneiling KingsKings in EuropeMaelchon (c.450)Drust (-519)Brude I (519-527)Kings in New AlbionDempsey (527-546)Eavan (546-564)Penwyr, the Younger (564-601)Brude II (601-)

Arami the Great

The founder of the Aramid Dynasty of Asamakra. The previous dynasty had all died out in the Ganges Plague and the nation was descending into chaos. In 517 Arami stepped in, seized the throne and restored order. Between 531-536 Arami sent his armies to conquer all of southern India. In 547 Arami landed in Lanka and conquered the island kingdom with in the year. He died in 554.

Aramids, The

The royal family of Asamakra from 517. The Aramids arose in the power vacuum caused by the Ganges Plague.

The Aramid KingsArami, the Great (517-554)Vurn (554-560)Mocca (560-586)Bahudana (586-)

Armenia, Kingdom of Greater

The first Armenian kingdoms were established c.190 BC. The two independent states were united c.90. It became a Roman client state in 63 AD, when an Arsacid became the king. Orthodox Christianity became the State religion in 314. While remaining nominally independent it became a battle ground between Rome and Parthia and then Rome and Persia. Armenia was divided between Constantinople and Persia in 390. Monophysitism gained ascendancy sometime in the 5th century, but Orthodoxy was again proclaimed in 546. Armenia again gained independence in 506 when Vahan Mamikonian rebelled against the Eastern Romans.

The Dynasties of ArmeniaArsacids (63-390)Roman and Persian Rule (390-506)Mamikonians (506-581)Flavians (581-)

Armenian Civil War

When King Basil died in 581, General Flavius killed the teenaged heir Nicaphorus and then marched on the capital. The city fell to him without a struggle and he executed all of the Mamikonians, establishing his own dynasty, the Flavians.

Armorica, Kingdom of

A Celtic kingdom in northwestern Gaul. The Armoricans were able to gain their independence c.450-470 under the Venetings. Never fully Romanized, they chose the Celtic Church over Rome's. The Venetings died out in 549.

The Dynasties of ArmoricaVenetings (c.450-549)Individual KingTalorc (549-567)Brittanings (567-)

Armorican Civil War (1st)

In 549 King Cadfael died. He was the last of his line. A brief civil war around the capital soon established a new dynasty. The province of Anjou refused to support the new dynasty however. In 551 King Talorc crushes the Anjou rebels and rejoined the province to the realm.

Armorican Civil War (2nd)

King Talorc invaded the Avar lands in 567 and he and his entire army were destroyed. He had left no heir so the kingdom's Nobles immediately began fighting amongst themselves for the throne. After months of bloody warfare Basil of Brittany was able to gain the throne. However over half of the kingdom has rebelled and broken off, including the newly colonized south.

Arsacids, The

The royal family of the Parthian Empire for the whole existence of the empire, from 250 BC to 227 AD. Driven out of power by the Sassanids, they fled to India. The dynasty of the new Parthian Empire claims descent from the last Arsacid king, Vologeses V.

The Arsacid Kings(names of the early kings)Vologeses I-V, Mithradates I-IV, Parthamaspates, Osroes, Artabanus I-IV, Pacorus I-II, Vonones I-II, Vardanes, Gotarzes I-II, Cinnamus, Tiridates I-III, Orodes I-III, Phraataces, Phraates I-IV, Sinatruces, Priapatius, Arsaces I-II(Neo-Parthian dynasty)Artabanus V (556-571)Kurvak (571-582)Mithradates V (582-)

Asamakara, Kingdom of

The kingdom was established sometime before 500 and is centered in southwestern India. The Aramid Family gained power in 517. Asamakara began the colonization of Africa in the 560's.

The Dynasties of AsamakaraIndividual kingBindusara (-517)The Aramids (517-)

Asamakaran Civil War

In 517 the entire royal family and a large part of the nobility were wiped out by the Ganges plague. Amidst the chaos the regions of Chela, Kakatiya, Karnata and Pawar all revolted as the central government collapsed. Out of the chaos Lord Arami ascended to the throne and was able to restore order.

Asdingings, The

The royal family of the Vandal Kingdom. Named for the tribe of Gunderic.

The Asdinging KingsVassal of RomeGunderic (406-428)Independent KingsGeiseric (428-477)Huneric (477-484)Gunthamund (484-496)Withred (496-511)Octa (511-560)Simon (560-)

Asir Wars

In March, 511 Aden sent 5000 troops into Asir in an attempt to enlarge their kingdom. The Asir united and mustered 4000 troops. In the end Aden was forced to withdraw with 3500 casualties, while the Asir lost 2500.In 516 King Addullah of Aden led an invasion himself. In a bloody one-day battle, Asir fell to Aden.

Aquilonia, Kingdom of

The former Kingdom of Dumnonia. In 561 King Tristan had a vision of a past glory and embarked on a campaign to unite the British Isles, changing the name of his kingdom to Aquilonia. The kingdom's name was again changed in 566, this time to Britannia.

Avar War (1st)

Emperor Theodosius II of Rome had been forced to give up one-half of Italy to the Temukin Khanate. So with a need for new lands, in 566 he invaded the Arian Avars, in former Burgundy. Theodosius' agents fomented rebellion in Provence and then moved in to assist it. The Avar Khan Kublai moved to confront the Romans and defeated the Legions, putting down the rebellion at the same time. 26,000 of the 32,000 Roman invaders perished. Early the next year King Talorc of Armorica led his armies into Avar lands. Kublai crushed this army also, killing over 25,000 Celts. In 581 the Avar retook Provence.

Avar War (2nd)

In 586 the Avars and Armoricans both marched towards each other for war. After the Avars overran Gascony they met in Limousin. The battle saw 24,000 Armoricans die and the Armorican army routed. The Avars lost only 4500. The Catholic host invaded Avar Provence in 587, while the Lombards invaded Aragon. The armies met in Languedoc. The Avar army of 22,000 was annihilated while the Catholics suffered 54,000 dead in their victory, along with the Ulani Khan Kublai and the Prince Romulus of Rome. The Lombards conquered Avar Catalonia in 588. The combined Catholic forces defeated the last of Avars and conquered Valencia in 589.

Avars, Khanate of the

The Avar were originally an ally of the Osmani. Upon the death of the Osman Khan in 556 the Avar Khan Kublai rebelled against his Osmani masters. In a very bloody war the Avars were defeated and they fled. Khan Kublai then took his people and settled in former Burgundian lands on the Mediterranean coast. Kublai and his people converted to Arianism in 563. In 571 they moved their capital from southern Gaul to northern Spain. They fell to the Catholic forces in 589.

The Avar KhanKublai (556-589)

Aztecs, Kingdom of the

The Aztecs consolidated their control of the Valley of Mexico sometime in the 5th century. In 602, the kingdom converted to Pelegian Christianity under king Tutyetl.

The dynasties of the AztecsTatlamids (5th cent. -)

Barangians, The

The royal family of Akan. The dynasty and kingdom were both founded c.500 by Barang.

The Barangian KingsBarang (c.500-526)Bashar (526-546)Zouthan (546-575)Chacahtl (575-595)Lhas (595-602) [Queen]Tousala (602-) [Queen]

Bavaria, Conquest of

The Danes, Croats and Burgundians all conspired to grab land from the teetering Bavarian Dynasty. In 552 the Danes invaded from the north. This invasion drew the response of King Octar. Greatly outnumbered the Bavarians began to fall back but were attacked from behind by the Croat army. Sandwiched between the two armies the Bavarians were wiped out to the man. The armies then spent the next year gobbling up the provinces of the collapsing kingdom.

Bavaria, Kingdom of

Bavaria had been a part of the Ostrogothic Kingdom. When the Ostrogothic Dynasty fell the Ostrogoth Prince Horsa established a tribal federation called the Kingdom of Bavaria, after the largest tribe in the area. The dynasty, never secure, was losing control of the Kingdom when Denmark, Croatia and Burgundy invaded. King Octar was killed and the kingdom dissolved, to be gobbled up by her neighbors.

The Kings of BavariaHorsa (525-549)Octar (549-552)

Bhadravarians, The

The royal family of Champa, founded by Bhadravarman c.400.

The Bhadravarian KingsBhadravarman (c.400-)Tru Rhan (c.500-560)Ru Vi Mingou (c.560-)

Black Dragon, Empire of the

The former Kingdom of Toba Wei. When the Golden Dragon Empires erupted into civil war, the Toba Wei were able to gain Chinese lands and then proclaim themselves the Black Dragons in 601.

The Dynasty of the Black DragonsWei (386-)

Black Rose, Knights of the

Athelstan, King of Saxony had a vision in 581. He would move his pagan people south into de-populated Bavaria and convert his army into the Catholic Knights of the Black Rose.

Grandmasters of the Black KnightsAthelstan (581-)

Boguslavia, Kingdom of

The priests of the Eastern Orthodox Church had been active for some time in the Slavic lands. By 513 negotiations with the Slavs had progressed to the point that the Church built for them a capital city, to be called Boguslav, and helped organize the tribes into a fledgling kingdom. It was never a stable kingdom, with the Orthodox capital ruling over the pagan outer regions with the active help of the Church. In 541 the combined Teuton-Goth horde met the army of Tsar Serge and obliterated it. The city of Boguslav was then assaulted and sacked. With the fall of the Dynasty and Orthodox center, the pagans readily revolted. The short-lived Boguslav State was history.

The Boguslav TsarsBoguliub (513-540)Serge (540-541)

Bornians, The

The royal family of Kanem.

The Bornian KingsAnabornu (-548)Kail (548-)Nguabornu (-595)Jackal (595)Mawuli (595-)

Bretonnian Catholic Church

Catholic Schismatics who wished to unite the Catholic and Celtic Churches established the Church in 541. After a bloody war, the Bretonnians agreed to end the schism and return to the Mother Church.

The Bretonnian PopesRevonius (541-546)John (546-551)

Bretonnian Schism

Pope Ysgarran had worked for the union of the Catholic and Celtic churches. As he got more ill, Ysgarran looked for a successor that thought as he did. Revonius was his choice. However, the Council of Cardinals preferred Agapetus, who favored the status que, when Ysgarran died in 541. Agapetus' first Bull was to declare the Celtic Church heretic and to associate with it an act worthy of excommunication. Revonius and his followers fled to Britain. There he was declared Pope at Glevum. The clergy of Britain and northern Gaul declared for Revonius. Southern Gaul, Germania and Italy sided with Agapetus. Thus was born the schism that led to the Wars of the Catholic Succession. After the bloody wars, the Bretonnians agreed to return to the church and end the Schism. John officially ended his anti-Papacy in 551. He died four years later.

Britannia, Kingdom of

The former Kingdom of Dumnonia. In 561 King Tristan had a vision of a past glory and embarked on a campaign to unite the British Isles, changing the name of his kingdom to Aquilonia. In 566 the name was changed to Britannia to reflect the new plans to unite all of Britain under their kings. The Dumnonian Cynanings have ruled the kingdom since it's founding the mid 5th century. In 582 the Kingdom converted from Catholicism to the Celtic Church.

The Dynasties of BritanniaCynanings (c.450-)

British Wars

The newly renamed Aquilonia, the former Dumnonia, set out to unite the British Isles under their control. In 561 Aquilonia's army invaded and quickly pacified the Powysian regions of Powys and Gwynned and laid siege to Caer Swys, the capital of Powys. Pope Agapetus tried to excommunicate King Tristan for his aggression, but it failed as the people of Aquilonia ignored it. During the year a fleet from the Celtic Church tried to end the Aquilonian blockade of Caer Swys, but was defeated. A short time later the Powysian navy was also destroyed and the blockade continued. The siege of Caer Swys continued all through 562 and 563. The city finally fell in June 564. Aquilonia sacked and burned the city. Caer Swys was no more. With the fall of the capital the Angles revolted and declared their independence from Powys.The Aquilonians also conducted piracy in the North Sea during this time.In 566 the Aquilonians changed the name of their realm to Britannia to reflect the reality that they were the rulers of Britain. In that same year the Britannic navy met the navy of Reget in the North Sea and sank over 75% of it. The Norse had sent a fleet of transports to land in Reget but they were met by the victorious Britannians and destroyed. Next Britannia sent an army of over 30,000 men into the Reget homeland of Northumbria and destroyed the Regetian defenders to the man, all 16,000 of them. The region was then pacified with all Celtic holy sites sacked and looted. Caer-Ebrauc, the capital, was next besieged through out the year and into the next. Finally in 567 the city surrendered and met the same fate as the capital of Powys. It was sacked and burned.With the destruction of the capital the Picts in Albion rose up in rebellion. Even Scone fell to the rebels after heavy fighting.The Britannic possession of Orkney revolted with Norse aid at about this time.In early 571 the Danes defeated the Britannic navy in the North Sea, allowing the Regetians to flee from Britain. The Regetians fled north to an unknown location. Britannia then conquered Lothian. Meanwhile the Powysian king landed in Wales and fomented a revolt against Britannia. By 572 all of Wales was back in Powysian hands. In that same year the Persians arrived off of Britain to try and seek revenge against Reget over Cyrus' death. A combined Danish-Regetian fleet attempted to defeat the Persians but was crushed, with the Regetian heir and the Dane king being killed. During 573-574 Britannia crushed the Powysian revolution in Wales, killing King Gryffed.Britannia overran the last Powysian-held province in Britain in 576. At this same time, the Danish State was erupting into civil war. This allowed the Germans of Anglia to proclaim a new, reconstituted Kingdom of Anglia. Shortly afterwards, the Britannians overran the province, after severe fighting, and sacked the city of Ipswhich.In 581 a combined Danish-Merovingian navy met the Britannian navy, but was utterly smashed, with King Harold of the Franks being taken prisoner. The Britannians then sailed for Iona, the Holy City of the Celtic Church and occupied it. There the Britannians converted to the Celtic faith. In 582 Britannia invaded and conquered the last Powys possession of Erie, killing King Llewelyn and occupying Sidhe Castle. During this time, the Reget exiles returned home and liberated Lothian. The Reget navy then transported Merovingian troops to occupy Ipswich. In 584 the Merovingians moved out and overran Anglia. Later that year, the two sides met in battle. Prince Owen of Britannia was kidnapped, and the Catholic Pope captured. The Merovingians were pushed back into Anglia, with Crown Prince Pepin being captured.In 586, the Catholic nations agreed to peace with Britannia. Britannia mustered all of its strength for a final assault on Reget. The nation quickly fell after all of its army and royal family, including King Rhun, fell in battle. .

Brittanings, The

The ruling dynasty of Armorica. Basil of Brittany seized the throne during the civil war that followed the death of King Talorc.

The Brittaning KingsBasil (567-613)Cunemorus (613-)

Brotherhood of the Jihad

An Islamic religious order established c.540. Little was known of them and they seem to have disbanded c.560.

Burgundy, Kingdom of

The Burgundian people migrated from the Baltic Sea region in the 1st century AD. Moving into the Empire as Federati, their leader Gunther established a Dynasty and independent kingdom at Worms in Germania in 406. Attila's Huns destroyed that kingdom in 436 and the Burgundians moved into southern Gaul. The kingdom fell in 559 when the Osmani horde overran the land, laying waste to the cities and countryside.

The Dynasty of BurgundyGuntherings (406-559)

Burma, Conquest of

The Gupta sent an army numbering 75,000 into Burma in 531. The regions of Gaur, Assam and Samatata were conquered. A smaller army also raided the northern part of Burma. In early 532 the Gupta moved down from the mountains and caught the Burmese unprepared. King Dei was able to scrape together 10,000 men but they were quickly annihilated. Only 1000 men made it back to the capital, the king not among them. The Gupta spent the last of the fall pacifying the surrounding regions. Prince Dei-Van, the last of the royal family was crowned king but died at the end of the year. In 533 the Gupta laid siege to Pagan, the capital, but it only held out till April. With the fall of the capital and the extinction of the royal family, the outlying areas declared their independence from Burma, which ceased to exist. The Gupta spent the next two years consolidating their control and outlawing Buddhism.

Burma, Kingdom of

The Pyu people established the Kingdom of Burma sometime in the 5th century. The Gupta conquered it in 533.

The Kings of BurmaDei (-532)Dei van (532)

Catholic Succession, Wars of the

In 546 the Celtic nations of Reget and Powys sent troops to the continent to assist their Bretonnian allies. In Italy, Emperor Cronan ordered his armies led by Legate Gedna north to aid the Bretonnians, even though his nation's

clergy sided with Rome. Gedna, however, also supported Agapetus and instead arrested the Imperial family, Crown Prince Galerus being killed when he tried to flee. The young Prince Theodosius swore for Agapetus. The Pope declared Gedna regent for the boy. The Emperor then marched on Rome to rescue his family with 7000 soldiers. Gedna faced him with 21,000. After much fighting the Emperor was killed and his legions surrendered. Four regions refused to recognize the new child Emperor and the Regency and revolted. 547 saw the Lombards, Franks and Danes move through Burgundy taking control of the church's sites and then giving them to Pope John. The Franks and Danes then returned home. In 548 the combined Bretonnian forces laid siege to Genoa. In June Gedna's legions attacked the Bretonnians outside of Genoa. Agapetus spoke to the Bretonnians and a few thousand crossed over and joined Gedna, the Lombard general Grunwald amongst them. The Lombard vassal, the Dux of Asturia also left the field and returned home. After a long battle, the Imperial troops were victorious as the Bretonnians withdrew from the field. Of the 70,000 total troops fighting, an amazing 52,000 perished, along with Grunwald, the Lombard General. The amount of blood spilt led the Bretonnians to give up their cause and return to the church in 551 for the sake of Europe and the Church.

Catholic-Visigothic War (Lombard Migration)

In 530 a council of the Catholic heads of Europe decided to allow the Lombards to migrate to Visigothic Spain. The Lombard nation converted to Catholicism in 531 and marched west towards Spain with their new allies the Croats. In southern Burgundy they met up with an army comprised of Franks, Burgundians and even Church troops. The Catholic army comprised of over 93,500 men.Early the next year the Catholics marched into Spain. A small Visigothic army was garrisoning Catalonia. Numbering 13,500 it was soon annihilated and the Burgundians occupied the region. Murcia was overrun and Cordoba besieged in 533. In early fall the region of Andalusia was invaded by the Catholics. King Alaric III met the invaders with 20,000 men. Alaric was wounded as his army was crushed. The survivors withdrew into Seville, the capital, which was immediately besieged. In the spring of 534 the city was assaulted. After bloody warfare the walls were breached and the city fell. Alaric was killed, as was the entire royal family save for Prince Dameric who was not in the city. Cordoba fell in August 534. Dameric, the last of the Alaringians, was declared king of the remaining Visigoths. In 536 an agreement was reached in which the Goths would migrate back to their ancient homelands in the east and leave Spain to the Lombards. This they did and the Lombards conquered and enslaved the remaining Arians. Seville, the Goth capital was sacked and then rebuilt. As the Goths traveled east they were joined by groups of pagan Saxons fleeing the long fighting with Denmark.

Celtic Church

Roman Christianity in Britain, centered on cites and towns, lost influence during the chaos after the Roman withdrawal. After the chaos a Celtic stamp had been placed on local Christianity, with the liturgy being spoken in the native British tongue. This led to a Schism with Rome before 500 and the establishment of an official Celtic Church. While the Celtic Christians accept all of the same councils and scriptures that Roman Catholicism does, they use the native tongue and date Easter differently. A Patriarch wasn't elected until c.500.

The Celtic Patriarchs of IonaColumcille (c.500-523) [Prisoner 511-522]Aedan I (523-534)Mungo (534-541)Donngal (541-546)Aelfric, the Angle (546-559)Aedan II (559-586)Martin (586-610)Timothy (610-)

Celtic Schism

Drust, king of Albion, most of his nobility and the majority of the Pictish people had secretly still clung to the old ways as well as practicing Christianity. As time passed they began doing so more and more in the open. Finally in 508 Drust ordered the Druid priests to begin performing rituals right along with the Celtic priests. Thus was born the heresy called Druidic Christianity.Iona, the seat of the Celtic Patriarch, quickly rebelled and declared their independence from Albion.In 511 the Albionese invaded Iona, re-established their control and arrested Celtic Patriarch Columcille. The priests of Albion took him to Scone to stand trial for the sins of pride and intolerance for not allowing that God is in all of Creation and should be worshiped as such. Columcille was found guilty. The priesthood split along Pict and non-Pict lines and the Church was torn by Schism. The Council of Scone officially founded the Druidic Christian Church in 514.The Celtic Church failed in an attempt to free Columcille from his prison in 518. Powysian agents succeeded in freeing him in 522.

Central Asian War

In 587-588 wild raiders swept through Kara-Khitai looting Ortrar, Bokhara, Singanakh and Kwarzim. The newly reconstituted Dar Al-Harb was blamed for the attack as retaliation for Islam's defeat in the Second Islamic War. In fear of Kara-Khitai, Dar Al-Harb migrated north during the early 590's.

Champa, Kingdom of

The Cham founded their kingdom c.192. It was a loose confederation of four kingdoms until c.400 when they were all united under King Bhadravarman.

The Dynasties of ChampaBhadravarians (c.400-)

Christian Church of God (Arian Primacy)

Arianism is a Christian sect that follows the teachings of Arius of Alexandria. He affirmed that Christ was not truly divine but a created being and that God was uniquely self-existent and immutable. The Son, who is not self-existent, cannot be God. Because the Godhead is unique, it cannot be shared or communicated, so the Son cannot be God. Because the Godhead is immutable, the Son, who is mutable, being represented in the Gospels as subject to growth and change, cannot be God. The Son must, therefore, be deemed a creature who has been called into existence out of nothing and has had a beginning. Moreover, the Son can have no direct knowledge of the Father since the Son is finite and of a different order of existence.Arianism was the preferred sect of various Roman Emperors in the 4th century but eventually lost Imperial favor in 381. Various Germanic nations, such as the Visigoths and Vandals still adhere to the teachings of Arius. The Vandal Kingdom initiated an official Arian Patriarch of Carthage being created in 508. In 581 the name of the church was changed to Christian Church of God.

The Arian Patriarchs of CarthageTaborus (508-564)Maldaveck (564-580)Terbious (580-)

Coelings, The

The ruling dynasty of the British kingdom of Reget for it's entire existence, from c.410-586. The Coelings take their name from the founder of the dynasty. He was known alternately as Coel Hen (the Old) or Coel Godebog (the Shelterer/Protector/Defender). Coel was the last Dux Britanniarum and founded the kingdom and dynasty after the Romans withdrew from Britain.

The Coeling KingsCoel Hen (c.410-)Ceneu ap Coel Gwrwst Ledlwm (the Ragged) (-c.490)Meirchion Gul (the Lean) (c.490-517)Cynfarch Oer (Dismal) (517-542)Llyr Marini (of the Sea) (542-579)Rhun ap Urien (579-586)

Cornavings, The

The royal family of Powys for it's entire existence. They took their name from their tribe, the Cornavii. They ruled Powys from its founding until its fall.

The Kings of PowysCuneglas (-517)Perrdel (517-529)Pwyll (529-570)Gryffed (570-574)Llewelyn (574-583)

Creek Federation

The Creek were united into a federation sometime in the late 5th or early 6th century. They were eventually absorbed by the Mississippi Federation in the mid. 6th century.

The Creek ChiefsShukahosus (c.530)

Croat Civil War (1st )

Ruvavak, Chief of the Croats, decided to convert to Catholicism in 526 after talks with the Church. This led to a split with-in the Croat Tribal Federation as the Lombards and Slovenes immediately rebelled. Hermann, Chief of the Lombards was declared king of the new Kingdom of the Lombards with Peotr, Chief of the Slovenes swearing fealty to him. At the same time Ruvavak was assassinated inside the Church of Ravenna, probably by Church officials. Prince Ivankov declared himself king in Ravenna while much of the army flocked to general Pretskov. Pretskov laid siege to Ravenna for four years until Ivankov died and the city surrendered. Pretskov then established the Kingdom of Croatia and declared himself king.

Croat Civil War (2nd)

Pope Agapetus excommunicated King Vladimar in 561 over an alleged Croat plot to assassinate him. His own son Tomislav tried to assassinate Vladimar but was killed in the fight.

In Karlovac Lord Treskov and his army rebelled against the king and declared Karlovac's independence. Prince Petreskov rose up and seized Senjska and the city of Zagreb. The lands then declared direct fealty to the Pope. In Ravenna, rioting was put down and the Catholic sites looted and burned.

Croats, Kingdom of the

Ruvavak, Chief of the Croats welded an alliance of Croats, Lombards and Slovenes into the Croat Tribal Federation in 516. In 521 the people migrated to Italy, overthrew the Ostrogothic Kingdom, and occupied northeastern Italy. Ruvavak was baptized Catholic and urged his nation to follow his example. This led to a civil war in which the Lombards and Slovenes broke off and Ruvavak's dynasty fell. In 529 general Pretskov established a new dynasty, the Pretskovians, and officially established the Kingdom of Croatia. After much strife and war, the Croats were forced to migrate out of Europe. They migrated into Africa in 568, converted to Monophysitism and settled in central Africa in 570. In 601 they returned to Europe to reclaim their birthright.

The Dynasties of the CroatsRuvavakians (516-529)Pretskovians (529-)

Ctesiphon, Council of

In 546 the diplomats of Persia, Egypt, Aden, Oman, Ethiopia and Harar, as well as the various religions met in Ctesiphon, the capital of Persia and signed a 100-year non-aggression pact.

Cynanings, The

The royal family of Dumnonia was founded sometime in the 5th century and named for an ancestor Cynan. Tristan changed the name of the Realm to Aquilonia in 561 and Britannia in 566.

The Cynaning KingsArtorius (-519)Gwydre (519-542)Tristan (542-583)Liggit (583-604)Alesius (604-)

Dai Viet, Kingdom of

A short-lived kingdom of the Viet peoples. The Champa destroyed it.

The Dai Viet KingHo (-506)

Dai Viet, Fall of

In early summer of 506, King Tru Rhan of Champa invaded Dai Viet with 10,000 troops. The Dai Viet had half that. On July 7th the two armies met. The Viet army was annihilated and King Ho was killed. Champa lost 3500 casualties. With the death of the king, the Dai Viet government collapsed and the nation fell apart.

Danish Civil War

King Ragnar died in 576. Many of Denmark's subject peoples used this as an excuse to revolt. In Germania, the pagan Saxons once again revolted against their Christian masters. Athelstan, of the House of Aesc, and an in-law of the Skioldungs, successfully revolted and consolidated much of Danish Germania under him into the kingdom of Saxony. In Britain, Prince Faromod briefly seized Danish Anglia and declared his independence. Britannia soon snuffed out his revolt.

Danish Pagan Uprisings

King Caenwulf of Denmark converted to Eastern Orthodoxy in 511 and demanded that all of Denmark do like wise. The regions of Danzig and Holstein wished to follow the old ways and took up arms. The king's own in-laws from Holstein were the leaders of the rebellion. Aesc, brother-in-law of Caenwulf and leader of the Saxon pagan rebels, was defeated and fled across the border into Saxony. King Caenwulf invaded and pacified rebellious Danzig in 516. At this time, Denmark had been attempting to expand into the East. Many of these regions quickly rebelled, with prince Ethelwulf joining them. In 538 the Danish lands began to rebel over the conversion to Catholicism. Most of the eastern lands were lost with only Kauyavia being put down. In 539 Magnulf moved south to deal with the rebellions. In rebellious Holstein he ran into Saxons being led by his uncle Aesc. Eventually the Saxons were pushed out but the Danes did not have enough men to continue the war.

Danish-Svear War

King Magnulf of Denmark planned an invasion of Orthodox Svearland as a pre-emptive strike because of his conversion to Catholicism. The Danes crossed over the sea to Skane in 536. From there they conquered Smaland. In 537 the Danes conquer Uppsala.The few remaining Svear, including King Olaf struck agreements with the Danes and the Eastern Empire. Olaf would marry the daughter of the Emperor and migrate south into southern Greece. There they would found the city of Varingiapolis, their feudal domain. For their part, the Danes allowed them to leave. The migration began in 541.

Dar Al-Harb, Emirate of

Abu Bekr of the Shahdom of Abadon realized that he could not stay in Syria if he wished to live, so he made a deal with the Romans and Armenians and migrated north into the steppes in 531. He renamed his people and kingdom the Emirate of Dar Al-Harb. They occupied the regions north of the Caspian Sea for a few years and then migrated east once again in 541. They then settled closer to China. When Abu Bekr died in 565, the nation dissolved into numerous petty Emirates.In 585 Emir Mahir al-Matir was able to reunite Dar Al-Harb under his rule.In 596, he packed up his people and marched into Eastern Europe. There he united with the lands of Alfold.

The Emirs of Dar Al-HarbAbu Bekr (522-565)Anarchy (565-585)Mahir al-Matir (585-597)

Denmark, Kingdom of

Different tribes have inhabited the land of Denmark. Jutes, Angles and the recently arrived Danes all vied for supremacy. Around c.500 the Danish Skioldungs united the peninsula and nearby islands into a kingdom. In 511 Caenwulf and his nation converted to Eastern Orthodoxy. In 536 Denmark became Catholic.Because of war, the Danes migrated to the northern British Isles in 611.

The Dynasties of DenmarkSkioldungs (c.500-)

Druidic Christian Church

By 508, the Picts, supported by their King Drust, had begun to openly worship in the old ways. This led to a heresy and eventual Schism with the Celtic Church. In 514 the Priests of Albion founded the Church in the Council of Scone and set forth it's teachings. They preached that God was manifest in all of His Creation and so should be worshiped as such. To worship a tree as in the old days was merely worshipping the One True God in another aspect. With the fall of Albion and Great Migration the Church was renamed the Pelegian Christian Church.

The Druidic Christian PatriarchAldair (514-527)

Dumnonia, Kingdom of

A Celtic kingdom in Britain. The Dumnonii tribe, led by the Cynanings, conquered the southern edge of Britain after the Romans withdrew. Dumnonia was Catholic instead of Celtic Christian. After a vision in 561 king Tristan changed the name of the kingdom to Aquilonia. The name was again changed to Britannia in 566, with a conversion to the Celtic rites to follow.

Eastern Orthodox Church

Eastern Orthodoxy maintains the same institutional continuity with the earliest Christian churches that Roman Catholicism does and recognizes the same sacraments. Cultural and political factors, not theological ones, caused the separation of the two communions. Culturally, the split between Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy perpetuates the Roman Empire's division into a Western half, in which Latin was the dominant language, and an Eastern half, in which Greek was dominant among literate people. Constantinople's chafing over Rome's overbearing manner and Rome's jealousy of Constantinople over the later being the new seat of the Imperial government led to a minor doctrinal difference causing a schism of the Churches. The western churches believe that the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Son as well as the father, while Christians in the east say from the Father alone. This led to a division of the Church into two separate divisions.The Patriarch of Constantinople was proclaimed equal with Rome in 381.

The Orthodox Patriarchs of ConstantinopleJohn Chrystostum (c.400)Nestorius (c.430)Milorius (-531)Dorian (531-557)Zephyrinius (557-570)Mathias (570-579)Tertulium (579-)

Eastern Roman Empire

Constantine the Great founded the City of New Rome, that is Constantinople in 330. In 395 the Empire was permanently divided. The East is Greek as opposed to Latin like the West. While the Western Empire floundered and fell, the Eastern Empire was able to survive and even flourish until the disasters of the early 6th century. In 506 Armenia was lost to revolution and Egypt broke off in 518. In the 530's Syria was lost to Persia. The Empire now is reduced to the Hellenic core of Greece and Asia Minor. The Theodosians ruled until 457, to be followed by the Leonines and then the Mouzakios in 518.

The Dynasties of ConstantinopleTheodosians (379-457)Leonines (457-518)Mouzakios (518-)

Egypt, Empire of

Egypt is one of the oldest civilizations of man. It was an empire for 3000 years, before it fell to a succession of conquerors, the Assyrians, Persians, Greeks and Romans.The former Roman province gained its independence in the revolution of 518 under the Agoruvixian Dynasty. The dynasty, aristocracy and army are Hellenic-Roman, but recently a native undercurrent has been gaining strength. A movement to become truly Egyptian as opposed to Greek or Roman. Briefly called the Kingdom of Roman Egypt, the name was changed to reflect the native over the Roman.

The Dynasties of EgyptAgoruvixians (518-)

Egyptian War for Independence (Roman Civil War)

When Emperor Anistasios died in 518 a new adopted Emperor, Ioustinos, assumed the throne. Many areas of the Empire saw this as an excuse to rebel. The outlying areas of Ludgorie, Pontus, Carhae and Psidia all broke off from the Empire. A rebellion in Constantinople itself was quickly put down and its leaders arrested. Prince Arcavius briefly declared himself Emperor and set up his throne in Jerusalem. However, he quickly submitted to the most serious of rebellions. That of Agoruvix of Egypt. Agoruvix was able to relatively easily gain control of Egypt and the Levant and be anointed King of Roman Egypt by the Coptic Patriarch Romarius.

Ethiopia, Empire of

The land comprising Ethiopia was home to the ancient Nubian and Kushite states related to ancient Egypt. The Solomonids of Aksum united the numerous small states in the 3rd century. The kingdom was converted to Christianity in 325, proclaiming for the Monophysite branch after the split. Jeremiah proclaimed Ethiopia an Empire when he ascended the thrown in 572.

The Dynasties of EthiopiaSolomonids (c.200-)

Eughanacta, Kingdom of

A southwestern Irish kingdom founded in the mid 4th century by Eoghan, from which the kingdom got it's name. The kingdom collapsed in 508/509. The lands were diplomatically united with Ui Neill by 512.

Farohars of Ahura-Mazda

The Farohars are a Zoroastrian military order. Veterans from the wars against the Muslims founded it.The battles had been chaotic but Ahura-Mazda had been merciful and Avesta and many of his comrades had not only survived but had been victorious. Their faith had led them through those disastrous times and the Magi helped them in the healing process. A special kinship formed from the ordeal. A devout group of warriors and Magi had spent long months afterwards in solitude. The One spoke to them. Soon after the Farohars of Ahura-Mazda were born, their cause is to spread the word and protect the innocent.

The Grandmasters of the FaroharsAvesta (526-544)Shapero (544-564)Vohuman (564-570)Arash (570-575)Nerman (575-596)Mainyu (596-)

Flavians, The

The royal family of Armenia. They came to power when Flavius, the Usurper overthrew and killed the Mamikonians.

The Flavian KingsFlavius, the Usurper (581-600)Titus (600-)

Five Nations, Kingdom of The

Formerly the Mississippi Confederation. Chief John assumed the title of King and created a true kingdom in 600.

Dynasty of the Five nationsPowtuneepi (c.550-)

Ganges Plague

The Ganges Plague broke out in the Gupta province of Rajput in 512. By 516 it had spread through out the empire. By 517 Asamakara and eastern Persia were hit. In 518 the rest of India, Persia and Kara-Khitai were stricken. The plague ran its course by 519, but not before hitting Arabia and the Eastern Roman Empire.

Ghaftanids, The

The first royal family of the Kingdom of Harar. The dynasty was founded in 522 when Emir Seluji led his horde out of Arabia and into Syria and then Africa. Seluji was the chieftain of the Ghaftan tribe. Islamic insurgents overthrew the dynasty after the death of Ferez in 571.

The Ghaftanid KingsSeluji (522-546)Ferez (546-571)

Golden Dragon, Northern Empire of the

The Empire of the Golden Dragon was proclaimed in 521 when the kingdoms of Shensi and Hunan united into one Empire but with two Emperors. The Northern Empire was formerly the kingdom of Shensi. It was destroyed by Toba Wei in 596.

The Dynasties of the Northern DragonsSi (517-587)Civil War (587-590)Individual EmperorHan Gwang-Ho (590-592)Military Rule (592-596)

Golden Dragon, Empire of the (Southern)

The Empire of the Golden Dragon was proclaimed in 521 when the kingdoms of Shensi and Hunan united into one Empire but with two Emperors. The Southern Empire was formerly the kingdom of Hunan and is ruled by the Hu Dynasty. In 592, the Hu declared that they were the only Emperors of China.

The Dynasties of the Southern DragonsHu (518-)

Golden Dragon-Champan War

The Southern Dragon decided to expand their Empire at Champa's expense, so in 556 their armies set out. Annam was quickly overran and pacified. The Dragons then laid siege to Tonkin, which was being blockaded by the Dragon navy. A Champan army arrived to help lift the siege but was crushed after a large battle. Tonkin surrendered after a short siege. Lingnan was then conquered.

Golden Dragon-Toba Wei Wars

In 541 the Dragon armies of the North swiftly overran the Toba Wei province of Kansu. The Northern Dragons again invaded Toba Wei lands in 546. The Dragons moved in and wiped out the garrison in Yanzhi but then the Toba King Wei Sin reacted to the invasion and moved in to confront the Dragon army. The Toba had 26,000 men to the Dragons 28,000. The Dragons were soundly beaten and fled the field suffering 23,000 casualties. The victorious Toba lost 6000.

Golden Horde (Khanate of Ulan-Kum)

The horde set out upon its destiny in 541 when Temuki Khan gathered up the peoples and moved out. The horde spent the next 15 years slowly migrating towards China. In an abrupt about face, Temuki whirled his people around and marched them towards Europe, ending up in Slavic lands near Denmark by 560. He changed the name of his horde to the Golden Horde at this time. The Horde destroyed the Osmani Horde in 562 and then settled in central Europe. In 566 the Horde occupied and settled the former Croat lands and demanded and received from Rome the entire eastern half of Italy. To honor the glory of his Horde and his rule, Temuki Khan renamed his nation the Temukin Khanate.

Goths, Kingdom of the (Visigoths)

The Visigoths early on had a tribal kingdom along the Danube. Under pressure from the east, they were allowed to migrate into Roman territory in 376. They defeated a Roman army in 378 and then sacked Rome itself in 410. By 418 the Romans recognized them as Federati and commissioned them to take Spain and southern Gaul from the Vandals, Alans and Seuvi. Only somewhat successful in Spain, they centered their kingdom around Toulouse in southern Gaul, declaring their independence during the reign of Euric (466-484). The capital was moved south a little later, and again during the Anti-Catholic Migration. After the Catholic invasion of Spain from 531-535, the Visigoths were forced to migrate to the steppes of Eurasia. The Alaringian Dynasty lasted until 551, to be followed by the Marcingian dynasty.

The Dynasties of the GothsAlaringians (c.400-551)Marcingians (551-)

Guntherings, The

The royal family of Burgundy from its founding until its fall.

The Gunthering KingsGunther (406-)Gundobad (474-500)Raimon (500-523)Varocher (523-536)Donatien (536-559)

Gupta, The

The royal family of the Gupta Empire. They ruled the Kingdom of Magadha and turned that into a great empire.

The Gupta EmperorsChandra I (c.320-330)Samudra (330-380)Chandra II (380-415)Kumara I (415-455)Skanda (455-467)Kumara II (-511)Erata (511-543)Mashatra (543-561)Kalrini (561-592) [Empress]Hettu (592-)

Gupta Civil War

Emperor Mashatra died in 561 with out a declared heir. The Empress Kalrini and Prince Enhata vied for the throne. Kalrini was able to secure the support of the Guard and had Enhata arrested and executed. In the east Lord Bherampti killed his rivals and secured the loyalty of the local garrisons. He then declared a kingdom centered on Pegu. When news of the infighting between the Guptas and the Pegu revolt spread many regions also revolted. All of the former Burmese lands broke off and worst of all much of the west did as well, with the Gupta losing most of their trade fleet.

In 566 Kalrini gathered up an army 120,000 strong to put an end to the upstart Pegu. Three neutral regions in Burma quickly submitted, but Pegu met the Empress on the battlefield. Pegu was able to defeat the much larger Gupta army and force their withdrawal. In 581 Pegu agreed to pay tribute to avoid another invasion.

Gupta Empire

The Gupta Empire comprises most of northern India and was founded beginning c.320. Chandra I consolidated the power of his kingdom of Magadha, which his son Samudra turned into a great empire.

Harar, Kingdom of

The Syrian Arabs of Emir Seluji had invaded Carthage in 527 for new lands. Unable to conquer the great city, they once again migrated in 531. This time through Ethiopia to Kush. Seluji assisted in the destruction of the Kushite State and then colonized part of it. Seluji changed the name of the nation to the Kingdom of Harar in 534. King Ferez and the people converted to the Monophysite Church in 551. The Royal Family of the Ghaftanids was overthrown after the death of Ferez in 571 and an Islamic resurgence swept the land. The Harar migrated to Eastern Europe following the Second Islamic War and became the Caliphate of Alfold.

The Dynasties of HararGhaftanids (522-571)Individual KingAli Al-Mohammed (571-581)

Hawazids, The

The royal family of Oman. The first Emir, Omar was from the Hawazin tribe. Persia conquered Oman in 591 and the Hawazid Crown was merged with the Sassanid.

The Hawazid CaliphsOmar (522-547)Terik (547-591)

Hermanians, The

The royal dynasty of the Lombards. The dynasty and the kingdom were established in 526 when Hermann rebelled against his Croat overlords.

The Hermanian KingsHermann (526-568)Hergar (568-574)Alboin (574-605)Wacho (605-)

Himyarites, The

The royal family of Aden. They overthrew the Sabaens some time before 500 and established the Kingdom of Aden.

The Himyarite CaliphsKing of Aden

Abdullah (-526) Caliph of AdenHamir (526-537)Sultans of AdenAbu Haytham (537-594)Fahad (594-597)Rasheed (597-) [Husaam regent 597-603]

Honan, Imperial Realm of

Honan gained their independence in 590 during the Northern Chinese War.

Emperors of HonanXu Ho-Wen (590-591)Chu Won Su (591-)

Honan War

The Black Dragon decided to invade their enemies in Honan. So in 611 they quickly overran Shentung and laid siege to Si-Lei. The siege was a disaster, with the Black Dragons losing so many men that they not only had to abandon the siege, but also withdraw from Shentung, which was liberated. The Dragons attempted an invasion of the Honan homeland but also suffered a defeat, with the Dragon heir being captured.While the battle was raging in Honan, the Shaolin with-in the Honan capital of Pienching attacked. After much fighting the city fell to the Shaolin.

Hopei, Kingdom of

A Chinese kingdom established in the 3rd century. In 501 the Hopei king Pei Wu abdicated his throne to establish the Buddhist Primacy. He wished that his neighbors would divide his kingdom. Not all of Hopei supported this though, and they fought on under a new king until 511, when the capital fell and the king was killed. The country then dissolved to be gobbled up by its neighbors.

The Hopei KingsPei Wu (-501)Xu Nu (501-511)

Hopei Wars

In 501 King Pei Wu of Hopei abdicated his throne to establish a Buddhist primacy. He bequeathed his nation to his neighbors. Thus began the Hopei wars for his former people refused to accept foreign rule. As soon as Pei Wu abdicated Hopei splintered into three separate nations. The outer province of Chi'an declared its independence and a leader united the western regions into the Huang Empire. The Hopei admiral Xu Nu sailed to the capital, seized power and declared himself king of Hopei. Xu Nu crushed the Huang army in a battle on June 23rd

506, killing the Huang king in the process. Huang dissolved. Xu Nu then sent Lord Pan Vi to Tsainan to offer a dynastic marriage. In June of 507 Hunan sent Shu the Butcher to Tsainan. Shu quickly overran the region, killing its leaders along with Pan Vi. King Xu Nu, ignorant of the fall of Tsainan, was marching there for his marriage to the daughter of Tsainan's ruler. Shu attacked the king on July 16th. Outnumbered 3-1 and totally surprised the Hopei fought as best they could but soon broke and fled back to Hopei. 6500 Hopei warriors fell in battle. The Hunan lost only 1500 and captured 2000 Hopei prisoners.

In 511 Shan'si erupted in rebellion against Xu Nu. At the same time Hunan invaded Hopei with two armies, one led by Shu the Butcher. In the first day of battle the Hopei lost 16,000 men. The Hu lost over 17,500 and Shu was captured and executed. Xu Nu withdrew into the capital of Kaifeng. The Shensi sent a navy to blockade the city. After a four-month siege the city surrendered and Xu Nu was executed. What was left of the nation of Hopei dissolved into chaos.

Houma, Divine Kingdom of

Houma briefly gained their independence during the Northern Chinese War (Dragon Civil War). They were conquered by H'Suing Nu.

The King of HoumaShan Nu-Vi (590-597)

Hu Empire

In 596 the Golden Dragon Emperor Hu Yao sided with the Mahayana Buddhists and attacked the Theravada holy city. The Theravada Primate excommunicated the Emperor and called for an uprising against him. The Emperor's brother, Hu Syang declared for the Theravadas and revolted, taking a majority of the Empire with him.

Dynasty of the HuHu (596-)

Hu, The

The royal family of first Hunan and then the (Southern) Empire of the Golden Dragon. The Southern Chinese War resulted in a branch of the Hu Dynasty breaking off in 596 and establishing the Hu Empire as a rival and eventual successor, to the Golden Dragon.

The Golden Dragon Emperors The Hu EmperorsKing of Hunan Hu Syang (596-)Hu Shi (-518)Golden Dragon EmperorsHu Tii I (518-550)Hu Tii II (550-573)Hu Xuang (573-587)Hu Yao (587-611)

Huang Empire

A short-lived kingdom that was established out of the chaos of the Hopei Wars. It fell to the Hopei in 506.

The Huang KingXhui (501-506)

Huari, Kingdom of the

The tribes in the Huari region first began to form political units c.200 BC. It wasn't until the 5th century AD that they united into one kingdom by the Tutemids.

The Dynasties of Huari Tutemids (5th cent. -)

Hunan

Hunan was one of the numerous Chinese kingdoms founded in the anarchic period of the 3rd century. Over time they conquered and consolidated the south. In 511 the ruling Hu dynasty changed the name of the kingdom to the Hu Empire of Southern China. In 521 they joined with the Shensi to form the Empire of the Golden Dragon.

H'Suing Nu, Khanate of the

From the ashes of the Yen Kingdom of Liao-Yang arose the Khanate of the H'Suing Nu. The Liao Queen Yeni was also the sister of Jamuka, Khan of the H'Suing Nu. She proposed to him a union of the Liao remnants and the H'Suing Nu state. Jamuka was to be Khan with Yeni's son as heir. The government gained a Chinese character but the people were H'Suings. This was accomplished by 526.

The Dynasties of H'Suing NuLocal Khans (-526)Liao (526-)

H'Suing Nu Wars

Nineteen years after the fall of Liao-Yang the Liaoized H'Suing Nu marched forth for vengeance on their old enemies. In 541 the H'Suing Nu raided and looted the Korean provinces of Lu'an, Bao-Ding, Yen and Shangtung. In 551 the H'Suing returned and quickly overran the local garrisons of Lu'an and Yen. The Koreans reacted, sending an army 18,000 strong to reclaim Lu'an. The 12,000 man H'Suing Nu army used the Great Wall to their advantage and defeated the Koreans, killing Crown Prince Kim Ho in the process. The Koreans had better luck in Bandao where an army led by the aging King Ura crushed an invading H'Suing Nu army.In 566 H'Suing Nu armies invaded Liao-Tung and Parhae. The Koreans retained Liao-Tung but lost Parhae to the H'Suings. In 567 the H'Suing Nu overran Bandao and again attacked Liao-Tung, the old Liao homeland. After a bloody battle the Koreans were able to hold on to the region. In 570 a peasant revolt in Shangtung drove out the Koreans.In 573, H'Suing Nu scouts aided the Dragon assault on Korea. With its fall in 575, the 75 year long war finally ended.

Islam, Holy Caliphate of

The successor to the Imamate of Mecca. Islam was founded in Arabia by the Prophet Muhammad in c.510. The Arabic term Islam, literally "surrender," illuminates the fundamental religious idea of Islam-that the believer accepts "surrender to the will of Allah". Allah is viewed as the sole God-creator, sustainer, and restorer of the world. The will of Allah, to which man must submit, is made known through the sacred scriptures, the Koran, which Allah revealed to his messenger, Mohammed. Mohammed is considered the last of a series of prophets (including Adam, Noah, Jesus, and others), and his message simultaneously consummates and abrogates the "revelations" attributed to earlier prophets.Retaining its emphasis on an uncompromising monotheism and a strict adherence to certain essential religious practices, the religion taught by Muhammad to a small group of followers spread rapidly through the Arabian Peninsula and burst upon the world in 522.Caliph Ali was the Emir of Harar in Africa from 571-581, then the Caliph of Alfold in Europe until 597.

The Caliphs of Islam (Europe)Ali al-Mohammed (597-)

Islamic Wars (1st)

By 521 a charismatic leader deep in Arabia had welded the wild tribes of that peninsula into a united force with a new radical religion called Islam. Mohammed, the leader, then sent his armies out to bring his message to the rest of the world by fire and sword. In September 521 an Islamic army of 115,000 warriors laid siege to the Persian fortress of Dur Khosru in Arabic As'Summan. The Persian garrison of 20,000 held out during the winter but by spring they tried to make a break for it and were wiped out to the man. The Muslims lost only 1500 men. Next Abu Bekr, the Arab general, invaded the Persian province of Babylonia. Persian Emperor Shapur IV assembled an army totaling 49,000 troops. In the end, Shapur was forced to withdraw back into Mesopotamia. He left 39,000 dead. The Arabs lost 28,000. With reinforcements Shapur scraped together 34,000 men to defend the capital of Ctesiphon. Abu Bekr moved north and assaulted this army with 92,500 warriors. After an all night battle the Arabs were forced to withdraw. They then conquered Babylonia and Chaldea during 523 and established the Shahdom of Abadon. Meanwhile a second Islamic army invaded the Egyptian lands of Syria and Levant. In November of 521 the Muslims overran Hijaz and Jordan and then invaded Levant. The invaders numbered 80,000 and quickly annihilated the Egyptian army of 13,000 men. Jerusalem was then put under siege. In May of 522 the city could not hold out any longer and it surrendered. The Arabs then move north and crushed the army of the Dux of Syria. Damascus fell after a six-month long siege in January 524. Lebanon fell next and the Emirate of Syria was established. A third smaller army swept over the Gulf area of Arabia and established the Emirate of Oman.Persia and Abadon reach an agreement in 526. The Muslims agreed to withdraw to Syria. Unfortunately, Abu Bekr tried to betray the Persians and he attempted an invasion of Egypt instead. This led to a Holy war being called against Abu Bekr by the Zoroastrian Primate. The Muslims easily overran Sinai and Mansura and were able to cross the Nile by posing as migrating Syrians. The Egyptians were slowly pushed back until Abu Bekr was wounded and his men fell back across the Nile. Over 20,000 Muslim and 14,500 Egyptian dead littered the battlefield. The Muslims had left 18,000 troops in Sinai led by Prince Gamel to militarily convert the region. In swept 70,000 Zoroastrian zealots. All 18,000 Muslims including Prince Gamel were wiped out. Next the Zoroastrians moved into Mansura and ran into Abu Bekr's fleeing army. After a severe battle in which thousands died the remaining Muslims escaped north into Syria.

Islamic Wars (2nd)

The Imam of Mecca, seeing Aden and Oman convert to Zoroastrianism in 571, declared a holy war against Zoroastriandom. An assassin seriously wounded Persian Emperor Yazdegerd III before the Islamic forces invaded Mesopotamia in that year, which hampered his ability to lead his army. In the battle for Babylonia Yazdegerd was killed and the Persian army routed with serious loses. Meanwhile, during that same time, another Islamic army invaded Lebanon and Aleppo, crushing the local garrisons and feudal troops. In 572 the Muslims attempted an invasion of the capital itself. They were defeated and crushed by a combined Persian-Zoroastrian Church army. The remnants fled back to Arabia. During 573, two battles were fought with the Muslim army in the west near Aleppo. Ardashir III finally destroyed the Islamic army and captured its commander.Also during 573-575, the Persian navy crushed many uprisings in Oman and Aden over those kingdoms conversion to Zoroastrianism.Harar heeded the call of the Imam and set off for war in 576. Allowed to march through Ethiopia, they were stopped at the Egyptian border. There a great battle took place, with the Muslims forced to withdraw back home. Oman reoccupied their rebellious provinces in 577 with the assistance of the Parthians. Also in that year, the Imam once again invaded Persia. The Imam himself led an army swiftly northwest where he was met by the army of the Zoroastrian Church. The Imam's army was annihilated and the Imam himself was killed. A second Islamic army marched into Chaldea but was met and utterly crushed by an army from Kara-Khitai.

A combined Persian-Egyptian-Adenese-Farohars army marched to Mecca in 581 and laid siege to the city. After the Imam was assassinated, the city surrendered. The Islamic relics and priests had already fled to Harar and then to Europe.

Italian Wars

In 521 Ruvavak, the Chief of the Croat Tribal Federation, invaded Ostrogothic Italy. A Croat army laid siege to Ravenna, the Goth capital while a Vandal navy destroyed the Goth navy and blockaded the port. Meanwhile Ruvavak defeated and enslaved northern Italy. Trapped in Ravenna were Theodoric, King of the Goths, his heir Ethwulf and Pope Symmachus. During the siege both Theodoric and Symmachus died of illness. With out the strong leadership of these two men fighting broke out with-in the city in 522 between King Ethwulf who wanted to continue the war and factions wanting to sue for peace. After a five-day civil war the peace party won, killing Ethwulf in the process. The city then surrendered to Ruvavak. The Goths had primarily settled the areas enslaved and colonized in northern Italy. The south was still inhabited by Romans. With the fall of the Ostrogothic dynasty the Romans now were able to rise up against barbarian rule and re-establish their independence. An Ostrogothic Noble had survived the bloodbath in the north. Prince Egbert was in Campania but was defeated and executed by the Roman rebels. The Senate of Rome soon consolidated its power and elected one of its members, Ulpris, as King of Roman Italy.

Javan-Khmer War

In 566 King Keppa of the Srivijayan Empire of Java sent his forces north for plunder and slaves. The Khmer quickly organized as soon as the Javans began landing and met them not far from the beachhead. The Javans were routed and fled back to their boats, leaving 9500 dead upon the field. The native Khmer lost a mere 1500.

Kaleb the Great

The King of Ethiopia from c.500-546. Kaleb enlarged the kingdom, built new cities and established roads to connect them. He also was instrumental in the destruction of pagan Kush and annexed much of it. Ethiopia was much larger, richer and more powerful after his rule.

Kali, Temple of

A Hindu military order founded in 521. Originally devoted to Shiva, they changed their name to the Temple of Kali in 551 to reflect their growing devotion to Kali, the goddess of death.

The Grandmasters of KaliShiva Chakravarti (521-)Inari Jubei (-)

Kanem Civil War

King Nguabornu died in 595. Prince Mawuli quickly rebelled against thew Crown Prince Jackal. In a great battle near the capital city the loyalist forces of the Jackal were crushed and the Jackal killed.

Kanem, Kingdom of

A central African kingdom established sometime in the 5th century. In 576, King Kail and the nation converted to Monophysitism.

The Dynasties of KanemBornians (c.470-)

Kannagara No Michi

The Samurai, the religious order of Shinto Japan, were founded in 601.

Grandmasters of the SamuraiTai Sho Hiro (601-)

Kara-Khitai, Khanate of

Yakub, Khan of the Khazar, took his people to Central Asia and conquered all of the land north of Persia between 501-504. He established the new Khanate of Kara-Khitai in 503. Yakub converted to Zoroastrianism in 516 and most of his nation followed him. The ruling dynasty is called the Khazarids.

The Dynasties of Kara-KhitaiKhazarids (501-)

Khazar Wars

The Khazar hordes, united by Yakub, swept into Central Asia in 501. Tashkent was besieged and fell in October. Samarkand was besieged in the same month. It fell in July 502. By 503 the surrounding regions were pacified and enslaved. Meanwhile other armies had conquered the areas nearer the Persian border. The city of Kwarzim was besieged from May 503 until March 504 when it too fell. Yakub declared his new Khanate of Kara-Khitai at Samarkand in 503.

Khazarids, The

The Royal Dynasty of the Khanate of Kara-Khitai from its establishment in 503. Yakub, the Khan of the Khazar since 501, founded the Dynasty when he moved his peoples out and invaded and settled Central Asia.

The Khazarid KhansKhans of Kara-KhitaiYakub (501-518)Osman (518-540)Aladair (540-559)Emperors of the KhazarsMongka (559-)

Khmer, Empire of the

The Khmer Empire of "Funan", as it was called by the Chinese, was established by an Indian Brahman in the 3rd century according to legend. The Khmer did worship Shiva, an Indian god. The Empire was destroyed by Siam in 506.

The Khmer KingPol Ran (-506)

Knights of Carthage

The Knights were founded in 528 by the Goth Trupin. He led an army of Goths, Suevi and Alans into Africa to save the Vandal Kingdom from the Arabs. During the victory Trupin was killed. The Church shortly canonized him. The Arian Knights of Carthage are composed of the best of the exiled Visigothic Crusaders. They are vassals of the Vandal King, follow the teachings of St Arius the Egyptian, recognize the jurisdiction of the Patriarchy of Carthage and vow to uphold Arianist interests both inside and outside the former areas of the Roman Empire. The Orders Motto: "One Day when Geiseric had embarked on his ship in the harbor of Carthage, and sails were already being spread, the pilot asked him, against what men in the world he bade them go. And he replied "Plainly, against those with whom God is angry."

The Grandmasters of the Arian KnightsSt. Trupin, the Goth (528)Hermeric, the Suevian (528-588)Tzaza, the Alan (588-)

Korea, Conquest of

In 572, the Northern Dragons, with elements from the Buddhist primacy, invaded Korean held Liao-Tung and annihilated the Korean army there. During 573, H'Suing Nu scouts aided the Dragon army on it's march into Korean Anshan. By 574, Anshan was pacified, and the Dragons began to invade the Korean homeland of Koguryu. It took until 575 for the Dragons to pacify Koguryu, then the capital of Kaiching was assaulted. After a short siege, the city fell and with it, the Korean Kingdom.

Korea, Kingdom of

The Kingdom of Korea was formed by the union of three kingdoms, Paekche, Silla and Koguryo in the 5th century. The Northern Dragon conquered Korea in 575. In 587 the Chinese general Lu Han-Wu revolted, declared Korea independent and married an heiress of the old Korean dynasty.

The Kings of KoreaUra I (c.500-570)Ura II (570-572) Chinese occupation (573-587)Lu Han-Wu (587-)

Kristos Pantocrator, Order of

A religious order of the Eastern Orthodox Church established in 566 in Asia Minor. The order of St. Georgios will be the order in Europe, with Kristos in Asia.

The Grandmasters of Kristos PantocratorAkhilleous (566-c.590)Lykaon (c.590-)

Kush, Conquest of

By the late 520's the pagan rulers of Kush had begun to persecute and kill Monophysite priests found in their lands. The Coptic nations decided to put an end to this, so Romarius, Patriarch of the Monophysite Church called for a crusade to rid lower Africa of the pagan kingdom of Kush. In 531 the Ethiopian elements invaded and pacified the Kushite province of Shoa. At this same time, the Egyptians moved south onto Ethiopia and the Syrian Arabs migrated from Carthage to the Ethiopian-Kushite border. In 532 the Ethiopians caught the unwalled capital of Kush, Amra, undefended and occupied it. Queen Amurto and the royal family were executed and all vestiges of paganism were destroyed. The Egyptian Crusaders conquered the province of Adowa while the Arabs moved into Ethiopian held Kush.The Arabs attacked and conquered the regions of Adal and Djibouti in 533. The Egyptian Crusaders in Zeila crushed the last major Kushite army in 534. With its defeat the last of the Kushite royal family was killed. The Arabs also conquered Harar that year. The next year saw the last of the Kushite realm dissolve and be occupied by the Crusaders or the Arabs.

Kush, Kingdom of

The Kingdom of Kush was established by the Oromo tribe in the 5th century. It was destroyed less than a century later by a Monophysite Crusade.

The Kings of KushAmra (-527)Amurto (527-532) [Queen]

Lanka, Conquest of

The Asamakaran armies landed in Ceylon in 546. The region quickly fell and the Lankan king retreated back in to his capital. In a major sea battle the Lankan navy was destroyed. In 547 King Arami came to the isle and laid siege to Polonarva. The city was also blockaded but held out until summer 548. Once it fell, the king was executed and the rest of the isle was quickly pacified.

Lanka, Kingdom ofCeylon was ruled by two successive native kingdoms from 161 BC-432 AD, when it briefly fell to a mainland invasion from Pandya. The native Moriya gained Lanka's independence in 459, but was again conquered by mainlanders, this time Asamakara, in 548.

The Dynasties of Lanka

Moriya (459-518)

Rajmiya (518-548)

Leonines, TheThe royal family of the Eastern Roman Empire from 457-518. They succeeded the Theodosians and were followed by the Mouzakios.

The Leonine EmperorsLeo I (457-474)Leo II (474)

Zeno (474-491)Anastasius (491-518)

Liao, The

The royal dynasty of first the Yen Kingdom of Liao-Yang and then eventually the Khanate of the H'Suing Nu. The Liao married into the H'Suing dynasty and when Liao-Yang fell they became the heirs of the H'Suing Nu Khan Jamuka.

The Liao Kings and Khans(Liao-Yang)Liao Xi (-522)Yeni (522-526) [Queen and Regent](H'Suing Nu)Jamuka (526-537)Liao Kao (537-574)Liao Chen (574-)

Liao-Yang, Yen Kingdom of

A kingdom in northern China established in the 5th century. The people were a blend of Khitan and Chinese. The Kingdom was destroyed by Korea in 522, but the Liao Dynasty survived as the ruling house of H'Suing Nu.

The Dynasty of Liao-YangLiao (c.430-526)

Liao-Yang Wars

The long series of wars called the Liao-Yang Wars between Liao-Yang and Korea began in 502 when king Ura of Korea invaded Liao-Yang lands and was seriously beaten, losing over 10,000 dead to 3500 Liao.In 512 the Liao King Liao Xi invaded the Korean held province of Anshan. The Koreans were forced to withdraw and Liao-Yang occupied the province. The two nations agreed to peace. This was not to last, for in 517 King Ura of Korea invaded Anshan in the hopes of regaining their lost province. The Liao army was crushed and two Liao princes were killed. Ura then invaded Bandao and met the army of King Liao Xi. After a bloody battle, in which Ura was injured, the Liao-Yang withdrew and Korea pacified the region.King Ura invaded Liao-Yang itself in 522 and on May 24th met the Liao army led by King Liao Xi. The Liao were defeated, the survivors fled to the capital and King Liao Xi was captured. The Koreans laid siege to Ta'ting, the Liao capital, and by October it surrendered. The city was then brutally sacked. Liao-Yang passed into Korean hands. Liao Koa, the heir to the Liao throne, his mother, sister, and a few soldiers escaped to H'Suing Nu, the land of Liao Koa's uncle.While the Koreans conquered Liao-Yang, they lost Shantung and Bandao to uprisings.

Lombards, Kingdom of the

The Lombards were originally a junior partner in the Croat Tribal Federation. They helped the Croats conquer northern Italy during 521-522. When the Croats converted to Catholicism in 526, Hermann rose up in rebellion against the Croats and established Lombard independence. Ironically the Lombards converted in 531 and with the assistance of fellow Catholic nations, including Croatia, conquered much of Visigothic Spain by 534. The Dynasty of Hermann has ruled the kingdom since its founding.

The Dynasties of the LombardsHermanians (526-)

Mahayana Buddhist Primacy

Pei Wu established the Buddhist Primacy in 501. He had abdicated the throne of Hopei to follow the path of Buddha. In 581 the religion split between the dominant Mahayana sect and the minority Theravada sect.

The Buddhist PrimatesPei DynastyPei Wu (501-522)Pei Lu (522-540)Elected PrimatesTza Lu (540-541)Kim Lu (541-582)Shen Mu (582-591)Si Wei (591-604)Chow Wu (604-)

Malinkians, The

The royal family of Akwar since its founding. The dynasty takes its name from the Malinke tribe, which Kunta hailed from. The dynasty was wiped out when the kingdom fell to the Croats.

The Malinkian KingsKunta (c.500-537)Kpetoe (537-572)Cetshwaye (572-588)

Mamikonian, The

The royal family of Armenia until 581. The family had led unsuccessful rebellions against Persia in the 450's and 480's, but was successful against the Romans in 506. The dynasty was overthrown in 581 and the family all executed.

The Mamikonian KingsVahan (506-546)Kushra (546-567)Bassil (567-581)

Marcingians, The

The royal family of the Goth Kingdom from 551. They assumed the throne when the last of the Alaringians was assassinated.

The Marcingian KingsMarcus (551-571)Dameric II (571-615)Theodoric III (615-)

Maya, Destruction of the

In 566 the Aztecs invaded the Mayan Empire. They destroyed the main Mayan army and killed the Mayan King Jeuneotl. During the next four years the Aztecs fought their way across the Mayan Empire until in 570 the capital, Chichen Itza fell after a short siege. The remaining members of the Royal family were executed and the areas of the Mayan Empire outside of Aztec control dissolved into chaos.In 571, the Mayan areas revolted against Aztec rule and gained independence, but as numerous petty states instead of a unified kingdom.

Mayan Empire

The Maya formed their empire in c.250. The Aztecs destroyed it in 570.

The Mayan KingsXiu Xinteotl (-561)Jeuneotl (561-566)Military Rule (566-570)

Mecca, Imamate of

Islam was founded in Arabia by the Prophet Muhammad in c.510. The Arabic term Islam, literally "surrender," illuminates the fundamental religious idea of Islam-that the believer accepts "surrender to the will of Allah". Allah is viewed as the sole God-creator, sustainer, and restorer of the world. The will of Allah, to which man must submit, is made known through the sacred scriptures, the Koran, which Allah revealed to his messenger, Mohammed. Mohammed is considered the last of a series of prophets (including Adam, Noah, Jesus, and others), and his message simultaneously consummates and abrogates the "revelations" attributed to earlier prophets.Retaining its emphasis on an uncompromising monotheism and a strict adherence to certain essential religious practices, the religion taught by Muhammad to a small group of followers spread rapidly through the Arabian Peninsula and burst upon the world in 522. Most of the invasions were defeated, however a band of Islamic Arabs survived and migrated to the Eurasian steppes. The name of the Primacy was changed from Holy Church of Medina to Imamate of Mecca in 539 when Ali became Imam. Knowing the end was near, most priests fled to Harar, taking the relics with them. The city and the primacy fell to the Zoroastrian army in 582.

The Imams of MeccaMohammed (521-539) [Caliph of Medina]Ali I (539-576)Ali II (576-582)

Merovingians, The

The royal family of the Frankish kingdom. They are named for the ancestor Merovech.

The Merovingian KingsMerovech (447-458)Childerich (458-481)Clovis (481-519)Namus (519-521)

Pepin (521-555)Sigibert (555-557)Harald (557-599) [prisoner in Britannia 581-586]Sigmund (599-608)Dagobert (608-)

Merovingians, Kingdom of the (Kingdom of the Franks)

The Franks settled the Rhine area in the 3rd century. They conquered the area of northeastern Gaul from the Romans in 358. They were gradually Romanized and often served as Federati. By 480 they had conquered or settled all of northern Gaul. When the Western Roman Empire was extinguished, Clovis conquered more of Gaul and declared the Franks an independent kingdom. Clovis also converted to Catholicism in 496 and compelled his people to do the same. The Merovingian Royal House rules the Franks and the kingdom is usually called the Kingdom of the Merovingians. In 613 the Franks migrated to the Shetlands with the Danes.

The Dynasties of the FranksMerovingians (447-)

Mississippi Confederation

The Confederation of the Mississippi tribes was created sometime around 500. In 552 Powtuneep converted to Pelegian Christianity and his nation followed him. In 600 the name of the nation was changed to the Kingdom of the Five Nations and John assumed the title of King.

Mongols, Khanate of the

The Mongol tribes were united by Jagun in 590. They ravaged China in the 590's and then migrated west.

The Mongol KhansJagun (590-611)Margun (611-)

Monophysite Church (Coptic Church)

The Monophysite Church is a sect of Christianity that gets its name from the fact that they recognize only one nature in Christ. They believe that Jesus Christ's nature remains altogether divine and not human even though he has taken on an earthly and human body with its cycle of birth, life, and death. Monophysite doctrine thus asserts that in the Person of Jesus Christ there is only one (divine) nature rather than two natures, divine and human, as asserted at the Council of Chalcedon in 451. The Church separated from Orthodoxy after the Patriarch Dioscorus was excommunicated after Chalcedon.

The Patriarchs of AlexandriaDioscorus (-454)Romarius (-541)Athenagoras (541-573)Athanasius (573-580)Parysatis (580-588)Tristanthos (588-594)Nicomedian (594-596)

Ignatuis (596-)

Moriata Shogunate

A Japanese state in the southern half of the isle that vied with the Takeda for supremacy and lost. Shogun Fujiwara and the Moriata State fell to the Takeda Shogun Nagao in 505.

The Moriata ShogunFujiwara (-505)

Moriya, The

The royal family of Lanka from 459-518. King Dhatusena drove out the Pandyans and regained Lankan independence. The Dynasty fell when all of the family died from the Ganges Plague.

The Moriya KingsDhatusena (459-477)Kashyapa (477-495)Rajma I (495-518)

Mossi, Kingdom of

An African kingdom that came to an end in 537 when the king died with out an heir. The kingdom's warlords fought amongst themselves and the central government soon collapsed.

The Mossi KingKurr (-537)

Mouzakios, The

The Imperial dynasty of the Eastern Roman Empire since 518. They gained the throne when the last Leonine Emperor adopted Ioustinos.

The Mouzakios EmperorsIoustinos (518-527)Alexandros (527-541)Maurice (541-546)Ioannes (546-584)Basil (584-604)Romanos (604-)

North African Jihad

Seluji, Emir of the Syrian Muslims, realized that he was in an unenviable position, being a small nation between three large ones. So after talks with Egypt, Agoruvix allowed the Muslims to migrate through Egypt to North Africa in 527. The Arians had learned of this and Patriarch Taborus called a Crusade to combat the Muslims. By 528 the Arabs reached the outskirts of the Vandal kingdom and quickly defeated the local garrisons of the outlying provinces. The Muslims then swept into Carthage to lay siege to the city. They had 73,000 warriors to the Vandals 28,500. At the same time 26,000 Visigothic Crusaders arrived to aid their fellow Arians. The two armies

met on June 23rd. The battle lasted for three days with the Vandals being pushed back into Carthage. The Muslims did not have enough troops to storm the city but they held the province. Over 100,000 troops had perished. The situation was a stalemate so the Muslims once again migrated, this time to the Horn of Africa.

Northern Chinese War

The Northern Golden Dragon Emperor died in 586. His son Jet Lei was to be proclaimed Emperor. Instead his insane brother Si Lei IV seized the throne and began to execute the entire Imperial family. In that same year, General Lu revolted in Korea, married an heiress to the Korean throne and proclaimed Korea independent. Jet Lei assaulted the Imperial capital of Chang'an in 587, but both would-be emperors died in the battle. With all of the Si dead, the empire dissolved into chaos. For two years the civil war raged. Finally in 590 a noble claiming descent from the earlier Han dynasty seized power in Shensi. But Houma and Honan declared their independence under rival warlords. In 591 Hsuing Nu invaded eastern Houma. After heavy fighting, the King of Houma withdrew into the capital of Kaifeng. Next a combined Hsuing Nu, Toba Wei and Northern Dragon army invaded Houma itself and took the city. The non-Chinese armies then turned on the Chinese Dragons and annihilated the army, killing the Northern Dragon Emperor Han Gwan-Ho in the process. Next year the Toba Wei invaded the Dragon region of Kansu and then into Shensi itself. After fierce fighting the Dragon capital of Chang'an was surrounded. A little farther south the Southern Dragons invaded Honan with the assistance of the Buddhist primate. The capital of Honan, the Holy City of Pienching, fell after a large battle. The Honan King died in the attack. At Pienching, with the consent of the Buddhist primate, the Southern Emperor declared that he was the only Emperor of China. The schismatic civil war that erupted in the Golden Dragon Empire in 596 called away the Dragon garrisons and Honan was able to liberate their capital with out a fight. In 596 Toba Wei began the siege of Chang'an, the Northern Dragon capital and it's last stronghold. With its fall shortly afterwards, the Northern Dragon ceased to exist. Also in that year, the H'Suing Nu raided Honan lands and then laid siege to Kaifeng, the capital of Houma. It surrendered after a short siege and Houma also ceased to exist.

Norway, Kingdom of

The Dynasty of the Ynglings united the various Norse tribes into the Kingdom of Norway sometime around or before 500. King Jar Knutsson converted to Celtic Christianity in 605 and much of his people followed. The Wotanic followers of the north refused.

The Dynasties of NorwayYnglings (c.500-)

Oiscingas, The

The royal family of the kingdom of Aengland for its entire existence. The house was established in 455 along with the kingdom when Hengest treacherously slew his host Vortigern and seized his lands.

The Oiscingas KingsHengest I (455-488)Aesc (488-499)Aelle (499-511)Hengest II (511)

Oman, Caliphate of

The region of Oman had been a province of the Persian Empire for a century when the Islamic Arab horde swept through and established an independent Emirate under the Hawazids. The Emir elevated himself to Caliph in 536.In 571 Caliph Terik converted to Zoroastrianism, leading to a civil war. The State was conquered by Persia in 591 and merged with the Sassanid Crown through Hormizd, heir to Persia and Oman.

The Dynasty of OmanHawazids (522-591)

Oman, Conquest of

The Persians feared that Oman was considering converting back to Islam. So Prince Hormizd was given the blessing to overthrow his grandfather, Sultan Terik of Oman, and seize the Hawazid Crown as his own. A large Persian army quickly overran Kuwait and annihilated the Omani force. Terik was killed and all male Hawazids were executed. This left Hormizd, heir to the Persian throne, as sole heir to Oman. Hormizd was then proclaimed Sultan of Kuwait (the new name for the Hawazid realm).

Osman, Khanate of the

In 547 Timur, Khan of the Osmani, united his people and the surrounding tribes. They marched to Europe and invaded the Catholic nations in 553, destroying the Kingdom of Burgundy in 559. They invaded Spain in 561 but were destroyed by the Golden Horde in 562 shortly after converting to Arianism.

The Osmani KhansTimur (547-556)Jimuri (556-562)

Osmani Wars

In 551 Timur, Khan of the Osmani called his tribes together and called for an invasion of Europe to settle richer lands. All through 551 and 552 the Osman march west, picking up allies as they went. They reached Europe in 553 and were escorted through Bavaria by the occupying Croats. In 554 they exploded out and invaded the lands of the Merovingians. Franconia and Alsace were destroyed by the marauding hordes. Pepin, King of the Merovingians met the Osman in Hainut in 555 with an army 28,000 strong. The Osman had over ten times that. Not a single Frank survived the battle. King Pepin and his son and heir Wilhem both fell. As winter set in Timur laid siege to Aachen the Merovingian capital. Trapped in the city, Prince Sigibert was declared king. Timur was assassinated in early 556. This gave the Avar a reason to rebel. In a great battle outside of Aachen the two hordes fought. In the end, the Avar were pushed across the Rhine, losing 106,000 warriors. The Osman, while still strong, lost 65,000. Sigibert used this distraction to try and smuggle the royal family out of Aachen. Sigibert, the Queen and all of the children were killed. Only Prince Harald made it to safety in Gildengard. There he was elevated to king. The combined navies of Reget, Denmark and the Franks were patrolling the Rhine to prevent an Osman crossing. In mid 557 a Persian navy appeared and sunk the entire Catholic fleet. One half of the Persian ships were also sunk. In 558 as the Osman moved south into Burgundy, the Persians blockaded Dijon, the capital. The Osmani and Persians assaulted Dijon in 559, which quickly fell. All of the royal family were killed and the city was sacked and burnt by the Osmani who continued south. The Osmani did the same to southern Burgundy, also destroying the city of Marsielle. With its fall the Burgundian kingdom ceased to exist.Jimuri invaded Lombard Spain in 561, quickly overrunning Catalonia and Valencia. A bishop from Carthage converted the nation to Arianism in Valencia. A combined Persian-Arian Knight fleet blockaded the city of Madeira for the eventual Osman siege. In 562 a fleet from Reget showed up to assist their Lombard allies and defeated the Persian-Arian navy, capturing the Persian Prince Cyrus, the victor of the Rhine in the process. The Lombards had deserted Madeira so the Osmani overran the region and invaded Andalusia. Andalusia was pacified and Seville

besieged. While this was happening the Golden Horde had marched from near Denmark all the way down to Andalusia and attacked the Osman Horde. In the great battle all of the Osmani were wiped out. The Golden Horde then marched back up to central Europe.

Ostrogothic Italy, Kingdom of

The Ostrogoths had established a large empire north of the Black Sea, which was destroyed by the Huns c.370. They were swept up in the Hun Empire, but after the death of Attila in 455, they again gained their independence. Moving into Moesia as Federati of Constantinople, Theodoric, King of the Ostrogoths was directed to invade Italy and overthrow Odoacer, the barbarian King of Italy. This he did in 493, establishing the short-lived Ostrogothic Italian Kingdom. The Croats destroyed the Ostrogothic kingdom in 522 and most of the people were enslaved.

The Ostrogothic KingsTheodoric, the Goth (489-522)Ethwulf (522)

Pandya, Kingdom of

A kingdom in Pandya was possibly established by the 4th century BC. The kingdom fell to Asamakara in 534.

The King of PandyaParjna (-534)

Parthia, Empire of

The first Parthian Empire was established by Arsaces I around c.250 BC. He and his successors defeated the Greek rulers of Iran and drove the Seulucids into Syria by c.130 BC. The Parthians were not Iranians and were never very numerous. After c. 80 AD, invaders seem to have crippled the empire. In 227 a native Persian dynasty, the Sassanids, overthrew the Parthian Arsacids who fled into India. It is from these exiles that the Neo-Parthian Empire claims descent. The Neo-Parthian Empire was established in a revolt against Persia in 556.

The Dynasties of ParthiaArsacids (250BC-227AD)Persian Rule (227-556)Arsacids (556-)

Parthian War for Independence

Emperor Shapur IV of Persia died in 556. His heir Khosru II was not as forceful of a leader. This gave various disgruntled elements of the Empire the excuse to rebel. In the Far East a leader arose claiming to be a descendent of the Arsacid dynasty of the Parthians which had fled into India when they were overthrown in 227. He was able to get much of the east to follow him. Artabanus V was crowned Emperor of the restored Neo-Parthian Empire. In 561 Persia and Parthia signed a treaty and became formal allies.

Pegu, Kingdom

The Indian Lord Bherampti rebelled against the Gupta in 561 and established an independent nation based in Pegu. Pegu was first a commonwealth with the rulers elected to set terms and ruled by a Senate. In 601 Protector Chandras feared losing the election so he proclaimed himself king and had the Senate shut down and executed.

The Rulers of PeguLord High Protectors [elected]Bherampti (561-c.575)Apuran (c.575-581)Kalingrup Tar (581-592)Kings of PeguChandras (592-608) [Protector until 601]Srijivada (608-)

Pelegian Christian Church

The Pelegian Church was created out of the remnants of the Druidic Christian Church after the Great Migration to the New Land. The floundering Church was united with the Albionic Crown in 556. With the conversion of the Five Kingdoms and the Aztec, the need for an independent church grow. So in 601 the Church was again proclaimed independent. King Brude II gave up his title of High Priest and appointed Una.

The Pelegian High PriestsMalmek (527-546) Uetla (546-556)Eavan (556-564) [King of Albion]Penwyr (564-601) [King of Albion]Una (601-)

Persia, Sassanid Empire of

After having been independent under the Achaemenid dynasty from c.550-332 BC, Persia was ruled seccesively by Macedonians, Greeks and Parthians. Finally, beginning in 224 AD, a local ruler, one Ardashir Papakan, began a revolution that overthrew the last of the Parthians and established the Neo-Persian Empire of the Sassanids. The new dynasty of the Sassanids was a more genuine representative of the civilized Iranian race than the Parthian Arsacidæ, especially as far as religion was concerned. The Sassanids claimed descent from a great ancestor, Sassan, and were therefore of the priestly caste. Papak, the father of Ardashir, seems to have founded a small kingdom at Persis, and to have annexed the territories of other lesser princes, thus gradually encroaching on various Parthian provinces. Vologeses V, the last king of the Arsacid dynasty of Parthia, declared war against the rising chief, but was defeated and put to death by Ardashir in 227. Thus the Parthian Empire passed into the hands of the Sassanid dynasty. The surviving Arsacids fled to India, and all the provinces accepted Ardashir's rule without resistance. It was in fact the beginning of a new religious movement, the new dynasty being looked upon as the true and genuine successor of the old and noble Achæmenid dynasty, and of the Zoroastrian religion. Of major importance were the victories of Shapur IV against the Eastern Roman Empire in the 530's. He was able to re-conquer Syria and Lebanon and give Persia, for the first time in over 850 years, a port on the Mediterranean.

The Dynasties of PersiaSassanids (224-)

Persian Greek Uprising

Emperor Shapur IV of Persia died in 556. His heir Khosru II was not as forceful of a leader. This gave various disgruntled elements of the Empire the excuse to rebel. The Greek Orthodox region of Edessa among them. In 562

Prince Yazdegerd invaded Edessa and in a short battle brutally re-conquered the land. All of the Nobles were executed and the Orthodox holy sites burned. Orthodoxy was outlawed.

Powtuneepi, The

The ruling family of the Five Nations. Powtuneep of the Mississippi founded the country and dynasty.

The Powtuneepi KingsChief of the MississippiPowtuneep (-582)King of the Five NationsJohn (582-)

Powys, Council of

The clergy of the Catholic and Celtic Churches met in the early 530's to try and work out their differences. Nothing concrete was worked out at the time but it laid the seeds for the Bretonnian Schism in the Catholic Church in 541.

Powys, Kingdom of

After the withdrawal of the Romans from Britain in 410, the natives of Wealas founded of a number of kingdoms. In the north-central region the Cornavings established the kingdom of Powys. Sometime in the next 80 years Powys united all of Wealas and west central Britain. The homeland was lost to Britannia by 575, and the last Powysian possession fell in 583.

The Dynasties of PowysCornavings (c.450-583)

Pretskovians, The

The royal family of Croatia. They overthrew the Ruvavakians and turned Croatia into a true kingdom instead of a tribal nation. They then led the Croats into Africa in the 560's and back to Europe under Dalvigar.

The Pretskovian KingsKings in EuropePretskov (529-560)Vladimar (560-568)Kings in AfricaLoresa (568-572) [Queen]Ramidalv (572-600)King in EuropeDalvigar (600-)

Puranids, The

The royal family of Srivijayan. The dynasty and kingdom were both established in 516 by Puran.

The Puranid KingsPuran (516-549)

Keppa (549-c.580)Frakaken (580-596)Kalendjaha (596-612)Temazeja (612-)

Rajmiya, The

The last royal family of Lanka. The Rajmiya gained power when the Moriya died out in the Ganges Plague. They were overthrown when Asamakara conquered Lanka.

The Rajmiya KingsRajma II (518-536)Vlenka (536-548)

Reget, Kingdom of

A Celtic Kingdom of Britain, the Heart and Origin of Reget lie in the old Roman Province of Britannia Secunda and the ancient Celtic Brigantes Tribe. The founder of its royal dynasty, the Coeling, was Coel Godebog (the Shelterer/Protector/ Defender), also know as Coel Hen (the Old, i.e., Old King Coel). He was the last Dux Britanniarum of Roman Britain (though his descendants still use the title), having taken command in Eburacum and the North c.410. However, this area lay outside the core of Roman Britain and was thus less affected by the processes of Romanization in its various forms. Its local societies remained perversely tribal; Christianity gained little ground here before the fifth century, and its ideology and social structure were closer to the Celtic tribal past than to stereotypes derived from the Mediterranean.Even in Coel's time, the former land of the early Celtic Parisi Tribe had become Deur/ Deivyr/Deira, "the Land of the Brave and Strong". Inhabited by Britons and Angles, it was long the base area whence the rulers in Eburacum (now Caïr-Ebrauc) recruited their foot forces - the heirs of the garrisons who manned the walls and bastions of the Roman towns and the numerous other strong points and regions. Deira is now an Angle sub-kingdom within Reget. The other Celtic tribe of Britannia Secunda, the Carvetii, maintain a separate regional, but not political, identity under the Coeling monarchy.Between the walls, Nouant (the Novantae Tribe) was incorporated into Reget at an early time, and the Selgovae Tribe were never a force and were also incorporated into the Kingdom in course the fifth century. The bulk of that century, however, saw raid and war with Reget's bitterest enemy Guotodin/Gododin/ Gododdin (the Votadini Tribe). The annihilation of the latter's army at the Battle of Catraeth/Catterick, in the heart of Reget, late in the century, led to the collapse of their kingdom and its absorption within that of the Coeling.The submission of the Kynwydyon of Strat Clüt/Arecluta/Strathclyde (the Damnonii Tribe) followed shortly thereafter, and they are now also effectively a sub-kingdom of Reget. Thus the entire region between the walls (now called Lleudinyawn/Lothian) came to be incorporated into the Kingdom. It is at this point that Reget enters recorded history. After much of the kingdom being overrun by Britannia by 571, the remaining Regetians fled north to unknown lands. In 582 Reget returned to their homeland, but were finally wiped out by the Britannians in 586. The Coeling dynasty, the oldest of all the Celtic dynasties was wiped out as well.

The Dynasty of RegetCoelings (c.410-586)

Roman Catholic Church

The Apostle Peter founded the Church of Rome and served as it's first Bishop. Thus was born the Petrine theory that Christ himself upon his resurrection actually conferred on Peter and Rome the primacy of Christendom.

Roman Catholicism maintains the same institutional continuity with the earliest Christian churches that Eastern Orthodoxy does and recognizes the same sacraments. Cultural and political factors, not theological ones, caused the separation of the two communions. Culturally, the split between Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy perpetuates the Roman Empire's division into a Western half, in which Latin was the dominant language, and an Eastern half, in which Greek was dominant among literate people. Constantinople's chafing over Rome's overbearing manner and Rome's jealousy of Constantinople over the later being the new seat of the Imperial government led to a minor doctrinal difference causing a schism of the Churches. The western churches believe that the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Son as well as the father, while Christians in the east say from the Father alone. This led to a division of the Church into two separate divisions.

The Roman PopesPeter (-67), Linus (67-76), Anacletus (76-88), Clement (88-97), Evaristus (97-105), Alexander (105-115), Sixtus I (115-125), Telesphorus (125-136), Hyginus (136-140), Pius (140-155), Anicetus (155-166), Soter (166-175), Eleutherius (175-189), Victor (189-199), Zephyrinus (199-217), Callistus (217-222), Urban (222-230), Pontian (230-235), Anterus (235-236), Fabian (236-251), Cornelius (251-253), Lucius (253-254), Stephen (254-257), Sixtus II (257-259), Dionysius (259-269), Felix I (269-275), Eutychianus I (275-283), Caius (283-296), Marcellinus (296-308), Marcellus (308-309), Eusebius (309-311), Melchiades (311-314), Sylvester (314-336), Marcus (336-337), Julius (337-352), Liberius (352-366), Damasus (366-384), Siricius (384-399), Anastasius I (399-401) Innocent (401-417)Zosimus (417-418)Boniface (418-422)Celestine (422-432)Sixtus III (432-440)Leo (440-461)Hilary (461-468)Simplicius (468-483)Felix II (483-492)Geiasius (492-496)Anastasius II (496-498)Symmachus (498-522)Hormisdas (522-535)Ysgarran (535-541)Agapetus (541-571)Benedict (571-573)Peligious (573-588) [prisoner in Britannia 584-586]Eutychianus II (588-596)Honorius (596-604)Sibinian (604-610)Righteous (Anastasius III) (610-)

Romano-Sassanid War

Tensions had been building for some time along the Roman-Persian border after the Kristos Pantocrator had been caught infiltrating the Persian military. Finally in 611 the Eastern Orthodox Church called a holy war against the Zoroastrians. Meanwhile, the Persians plotted to punish the Orthodox and conspired with the Mongols to do so. A combined Persian-Khazar army marched north and invaded Armenia. There they met the Mongol horde, which had betrayed them and sided with the Romans. In a great battle, the Mongol Khan was killed and the horde pushed north. Meanwhile, the Farohars conquered and pacified Roman Cappodocia.The next year the Persian-Khazar army swept into Pontus and overran the Armenians, who fled into Diaphenus, their capital. At the same time the Parthians conquered Armenian Vaspurakan. Shortly afterwards a great naval battle was fought in the Aegean between the Persians and Adenese on one side and the Romans and St. Georgios on the other. After a long battle the Persians were forced to withdraw. In 613 the Persians overran Galatia, annihilating the only Roman army in the area. They then took Psidia the next year and raided other regions.

Rozwi, The

The ruling family of the Zulu nation. The dynasty was founded when Shakka of the Rozwi region was able to re-unite much of the old Zulu kingdom in 580. The Rozwi Zulu kingdom soon collapsed like the kingdom of old.

The Rozwi KingsShakka (580-603)Trenka (603-612)

Ruvavakians, The

The first royal family of the Croats. The Ruvavakians united the various tribes in 516. The dynasty was overthrown by the Pretskovians in 529.

The Ruvavakian ChiefsRuvavak (516-526)Ivankov (526-529)

St. Cyril, Order of

Uzototllait, a Prince of the Akans, had a vision to bring the truth of the Coptic faith to all of Africa and to forge a force to protect said peoples. They follow the rules set down by St. Cyril.

High Protectors of St. CyrilUzototlait (611-)

St. Georgios, Order of

A military order of the Orthodox Church established in Greece in the 530's. With the founding of the order of Kristos Pantocrator in 566, St. Georgios became the order in Europe, with Kristos the order in Asia Minor.

The Grandmasters of St. GeorgiosLeonidas (532-564)Taki (564-c.595)Spyros (c.595-c.605)Dafydd of Powys (c.605-)

Sassanids, The

The ruling dynasty of the Persian Empire from 227. Ardashir I, son of Papak and a descendant of Sasan founded the dynasty. Ardashir overthrew the last of the Arsacid Parthian Emperors and established his dynasty and the Neo-Persian Empire between 224 and 227.

The Sassanid EmperorsArdashir I (224-241)Shapur I (241-272)Hormizd I, The Brave (272-273)

Bahram I (273-276)Bahram II (276-293)Bahram III (293)Narses (293-302)Hormizd II (302-309)Shapur II, The Great (309-379)Ardashir II (379-383)Shapur III (383-388)Bahram IV (388-399)Yazdegerd I, The Sinful (399-420)Bahram V Gur (Wild Ass) (420-438)Yazdegerd II (438-457)Hormizd III (457-459)Firuz (457-484)Balash (484-488)Kavadh (488-514)Khosru I (514-518)Shapur IV, the Victorious (518-556)Khosru II, the Pious (556-569)Yazdegerd III (569-571)Ardashir III (571-586)Shapur V (586-592)Hormizd IV (592-)

Saxony, Kingdom of

The pagan Saxons had unsuccessfully revolted against Denmark numerous times during the 6th century. Finally, in 576, Athelstan was able to seize much of Danish Germania and declare their independence. Athelstan had a vision in 581 and converted his nation into the Catholic Knights of the Black Rose.

The Saxon KingAthelstan (576-581)

Scone Rebellion

In 536 Powys sent Reget an Angle army of 2000 men to help crush the last of the Druidic heresy in Scone. This was not enough though and when the Angles started arresting heretics and closing churches the unrest turned to riots and then full-scale rebellion. In the chaos that followed the Angle Jarl was killed and his troops left. Eventually the king of Reget arrived with an army, which was able to put down the revolt. However the heresy was far from extinguished.

Shaolin, Temple of the

A military order of the Buddhist primacy. The Shaolin concentrate on the martial arts.

The Grandmasters of ShaolinBodhidharma (521-543)Shen Jihuan (543-552) Xaio Kei (552-577)Chin Bui (577-598)Seng Hu (598-611)

Lau-Po (611-)

Shapur IV, the Victorious

Emperor of Persia from 518-556. He came to the throne at the age of 16 when his father Khosru I died from the Ganges Plague. Most of his reign was spent with the army. First in fighting the Arabic invasions, then in conquering Syria from the Eastern Roman Empire. Then patrolling the East against possible horde incursions. His most lasting contribution was the securing of Aleppo and Lebanon. He gave Persia a Mediterranean port for the first time in over 850 years.

Shensi

A Chinese kingdom founded in the chaos of the 3rd century. Under the Si Shensi eventually conquered most of northwestern China. In 521 they joined with Hunan to create the Empire of the Golden Dragon.

Shiva, Holy Church of (Hindu Primacy)

Hinduism evolved from Vedism, the religion of the Indo-European peoples who settled in India in the last centuries of the 2nd millennium BC. As a religion, Hinduism is a composite of diverse doctrines, cults, and ways of life. The spectrum of Hindu belief is very broad and is attended by many stages of transition and varieties of coexistence. Magic rites, animal worship, and belief in demons are often combined with the worship of more or less personal gods or with mysticism, asceticism, and abstract and profound theological systems or esoteric doctrines. The worship of local deities does not exclude the belief in pan-Indian higher gods or even in a single high God. Such local deities are also frequently looked upon as manifestations of a high God. In principle, Hinduism incorporates all forms of belief and worship without necessitating the selection or elimination of any. The core of religion does not depend on the existence or nonexistence of God or on whether there is one god or many. Because religious truth is said to transcend all verbal definition, it is not conceived in dogmatic terms. Hinduism is both a civilization and a congregation of religions; it has neither a beginning or founder, nor a central authority.An official cult of Shiva was established in 521.

The Priests of ShivaSajid Tajuddin (521-571)Surijarva (571-)

Shogunate War

The war between the two Japanese Shoguns for supremacy of the isle. The Takeda Shogunate invaded the Moriata Shogunate in 505 and quickly overran it. Takedo Shogun Nagao then established himself as the sole Shogun of Japan.

Si, The

The royal family of first Shensi, and then the Northern Empire of the Golden Dragon until 587. In 587 a civil war and fratricide ended the dynasty.

The Si EmperorsKing of Shensi

Si Lei I (-517)Golden Dragon EmperorsSi Wan (517-539)Si Lei II (539-560)Si Lei III (560-586)Si Lei IV (586-587) [rival]Jet Lei (586-587) [rival]

Siam, Kingdom of

The Tai people settled along river valleys in northern Southeast Asia in the beginning of this millenium. In the 5th century they were united into one kingdom, which was destroyed in 526 by Burma and Champa.

The King of SiamNikkon (-526)

Siamese Wars

The series of wars called the Siamese wars began when Buddhist Siam decided to wage Holy War against their Hindu neighbors. In 506 Siam invaded the Khmer Empire with over 17,000 troops. The Khmer, led by king Pol Ran and numbering 10,000, met the Siamese and along with the king being killed, the army was annihilated to the man. Siam then besieged Angar, which surrendered after a few months. With the death of the king and the fall of the capital, the Khmer State dissolved. Siam then went about forcibly converting the Hindu population of Khmer to Buddhism. The Khmer rose up in rebellion over this. For eight months during 511/12 the revolt raged. It was finally put down and Hinduism was outlawed.In July 513 Siam invaded the region of Preikuk. Champa, a Hindu nation, also had an army in the region for talks with the rulers of Preikuk. In the battle that followed, the Champan General was killed which caused the army to break and run. At that time, a relief army led by Tru Rhan, King of Champa showed up. He attacked the Siamese, and after a bloody battle, forced the Siamese to withdraw. Tru Rhan raided the Siamese province of Surin during 516. In 521 Burma invaded Siam and attacked the Siamese homeland with a bigger army than the Siamese could muster. After fierce fighting the Burmese were forced to withdraw. This brought a political, rather than religious, element to the wars since Burma was Buddhist like the Siamese. In mid 526, King Nikkon of Siam was assassinated. In the confusion that followed no one from the royal family was able to effectively gain control of the government and army. Into this chaos swept a combined Burmese-Champan army which easily annihilated the disorganized Siamese armies and sacked the capital of Nikkon. The entire royal family was executed and the nation dissolved into chaos.

Sicilian Catholic Uprising

The Arian Patriarch Taborus went to Sicily in 513 and began preaching the faith of the Arian Cause and denouncing Catholicism. Many of the Catholic populace and especially the Catholic nobility resisted. Still, as months passed the populace of Sicily became more and more Arian. By the spring of 514 it was said 4 of every 5 citizen was an Arian. Then riots began to break out, Arian against Catholic. Catholics were killed and their homes destroyed. Baron Vespus, the leading Catholic Noble, called out his forces to stop the killing. It was then that Prince Bassa and his 4,500 Vandal warriors stepped in and accused Baron Vespus of rebelling, and causing the riots. Bassa attempted to arrest the Baron and fighting broke out inside the city walls of Palermo. The Vandals quickly defeated the Baron and his few loyal Catholic followers and the Baron was hanged in Palermo square. All across Sicily Catholic nobles were killed or reported missing. Arian Sicilians were soon rewarded and took the Nobles places. Before the winter of 514 Sicily was 100% Arian.

Sicilian War

In 526 the new Kingdom of Roman Italy decided to invade Vandal held Sicily. The Vandal troops met the Romans and defeated the invasion before it could gain any ground.

Skioldungs, The

The royal family of Denmark. The Skioldungs united the Danish lands c.500.

The Skioldung KingsCaenwulf (c.500-535)Magnulf (535-572)Ragnar (572-576)Walric (576-)

Solomonids, The

The royal family of Ethiopia. They claim descent from Menelik I, son of King Solomon of Israel and the Queen of Sheba and came to power in the 2nd century, making them the oldest ruling Royal House. Jeremiah assumed the title Emperor in 572.

The Solomonic EmperorsKings of EthiopiaEzanios (c.303-350)Kaleb, the Great (c.500-546)Malicah (546-572)Emperors of EthiopiaJeremiah (572-585)Samuel (585-)

Southern Chinese Wars

The Buddhist religion had recently divided into two camps: Mahayana and Theravada. The Golden Dragon Emperor Hu Yao followed the Mahayana Primate and so decided to loot and pillage Theravada sites in his empire, including the holy city in 596. The Theravada primate Tan Ri anointed the Emperor's brother Hu Syang as the legitimate Emperor. Most of the empire revolted and sided with the new Emperor as the Hu Empire. As a result of the religious violence the two sects of Buddhism completely broke off and became separate religions. The Theravada Hu Emperor Hu Syang set out in 601 to consolidate his holdings. He quickly overran Anhui and the city of Chiangning. Meanwhile, his brother, the Mahayana Dragon Emperor Hu Yao decided to do the same. Kienchou was overrun that year. In 602 the Hu conquered Hubei and stormed the city of Tii'fawn. Meanwhile, the Dragons took Nanling and Kwangtung. At this time, the Mongols came calling. The Mongol Horde overran Kiangsu and Anhui. 603 saw the Hu conquest of Hunan, but they failed to besiege Tii'dawn, while the Dragons took Lingtung. Szechwan was raided and looted by the Mahayana Shaolin, while the Mongols crushed Taiping. In 604 the Hu conquered Hwai and the city of Tii. They then liberated Kienchou. The Dragons took Gouangxi. Lastly, the Mongols raided Hupei, Hubei, and Szechwan. The Hu liberated Nanling and conquered the region of Kwangsi and the city of Kwangchou in 605. With the losses the Dragons had taken, the Hu were able to liberate much of the south in the next few years: Lingnan, Lingtung, Lingsi, Gouangxi and Miao Ling. The last remaining dragon possession was the old capital, Tii Dawn. It was besieged starting in 609. In early 611 the city fell. With it's fall, the Empire of the Golden Dragon ceased to exist.

Southern Indian War

King Arami of Asamakara decided to unite all of southern India under his rule. In 531 an army of 30,000 troops easily overran the Lankan province of Chera. During the same year the Pandyan fleet was destroyed and the Pandyan capital of Kollam was blockaded. In 532 Parjna, king of Pandya moved out with 20,000 troops to confront the Asamakara army of 24,500 men. The Pandyans were routed and the remnants fled into the city. The Asamakarans laid siege to the city. The city held out for over a year, but finally surrendered in the spring of 534. King Parjna was put in chains. Asamakara then crushed the Pandyan province of Chola while the navy blockaded the port of Tanjore. The city was then besieged. Early next year the city fell. The last Pandyan stronghold, the city of Malas in Madurai, fell after a short siege in 536. With its fall Pandya ceased to exist.

Srivijayan Empire

The Javan Empire was established in 516 by Puran who began a campaign of conquest and intimidation to carve out an empire in the islands.

The Dynasties of Srivijayan Puranids (516-)

Srivijayan Wars

Purin declared himself king in 516 and marched out to create an empire. In the next couple of years numerous surrounding regions were conquered and pacified. In 525 the army again marched out. This time to destroy pagan shrines and force the people to worship Shiva.

Svear, Kingdom of the

The Svear began to form tribal kingdoms in the 5th century and had united shortly before 500. The people converted to Orthodoxy in 516. In 541 the Danes destroyed the kingdom and the Svear began a long migration to southern Greece where they established the city of Varangiopolis and became feudal allies of Constantinople.

The Svear KingsAngantyr (-522)Olaf (522-541)

Syria, Emirate of

The Islamic Arab horde of Seluji conquered Egyptian Syria and Levant by 523 and established the Emirate of Syria. They migrated through Egypt to Vandal lands in 527. After a war with the Vandals, Seluji led his people into Kush in 531 and settled there. He then changed the name of his nation to the Kingdom of Harar.

Syrian War

The Persians invaded the Eastern Roman Empire in 531 because they were harboring the hated Abadonese. An army of the Zoroastrian Church swept north and crushed and pacified Carhae that year. The Roman Army of the East was in Lebanon at this time. Maurice, Praetorian Prefect of the East, led it. Agents of Egypt kidnapped him in early 531. The Persian army, led by ShahanShah Shapur IV, invaded and pacified the province of Syria in 532. The Abadonese had already fled so Damascus was besieged. The city was offered the chance to surrender but they refused. So the Persians stormed the city and sacked it. In 533 Shapur divided his army. An army 50,000 strong moved towards Lebanon and the Roman army and the rest led by Shapur invaded Aleppo. The Zoroastrian Church's army was already there and was besieging the fortress of Cyrrhos. The combined army stormed the fortress and overran it. The army then did the same to the city of Antioch.Meanwhile the other Persian army had invaded Lebanon. It was a great route as all 50,000 Romans were slaughtered. With the defeats, Constantinople agreed to peace.

Takeda Shogunate

Little is known of Japanese history before 500. In 506 the Takedo destroyed the Moriata and united Japan.

The Takeda ShogunsNagao (-523)Chuichi (523-536)Dainami (536-569)Hidetaka (569-586)Akira (586-)

Tatlamids, The

The royal family of the Aztecs.

The Tatlamid KingsTatlamocain (-571)Matlucoetl (571-c.590)Tutyetl (c.590-)

Temukin Civil War

Khan Temuki died in 584. His heir Kublai ascended the throne, but Boyer Tabir, who controlled most of the army, rebelled. Khan Kublai assembled his army, his allied lords and the knights of the Black Rose to oppose the upstart. Meanwhile, half of the Italian provinces revolted. Tabir invaded the capital region of Ulania and met Kublai. After a very bloody battle in which over 200,000 Ulani died, Tabir himself was killed and the rebellion put down.

Temukin Khanate

The horde set out upon its destiny in 541 when Temuki Khan gathered up the peoples and moved out. The horde spent the next 15 years slowly migrating towards China. In an abrupt about face, Temuki whirled his people around and marched them towards Europe, ending up in Slavic lands near Denmark by 560. He changed the name of his horde to the Golden Horde at this time. The Horde destroyed the Osmani Horde in 562 and then settled in central Europe. In 566 the Horde occupied and settled the former Croat lands and demanded and received from Rome the entire eastern half of Italy. To honor the glory of his Horde and his rule, Temuki Khan renamed his nation the Temukin Khanate. In 571 the Khan and nation converted to Catholicism. After the civil war following Temuki's death, Kublai changed the name of the kingdom to Khanate of Ulania.

Temukids, The

The royal family of the Khanate of Ulania. The first Khan founded both the Khanate and the dynasty. Ariana took the title of Empress in 600.

The Temukid KhansKhans/Kings of UlaniaTemuki (541-584) [Khan of the Temukids]Kublai (584-587) [Khan of Ulania]Michael (587-597) [King of Ulania]Emperors of UlaniaAriana (597-) [Empress]

Teutonic Campaigns

In response to the growing presence of Catholic westerners in the region Clanchief Wulfhere gathered the tribes of the Teutons together in 536. He made an agreement with the Danes and set out to conquer the entire east, especially the Svear lands, the enemy of the Danes. In 536 the Teutons moved south and conquered Livonia and gained the Kuran as allies. In 537 they conquered and occupied the Svear city of Holmgard. They then spent the rest of the year pacifying the Slavic Est lands, which joined the Teutons. The Kuran and Est moved back north to Livonia. There they met two separate small Svear armies. Both were annihilated. 538 saw the Kurans and Est sack Holmgard and the surrounding regions. Wulfhere did the same to Svear Smolensk. All returned to Livonia by 540. In 541 Wulfhere moved south and met up with the migrating Goths. After a feast they decided on attacking Boguslavia. The two nations easily wiped out the small Slavic army, killing Tsar Serge in the process. The capital of Boguslav was then sacked and the tribes wintered there. During 542-545 the tribes continue to loot and enslave the region.In 546 Wulfhere had a vision and had his nation baptized as Catholics. The years 546-549 saw yet more looting and enslaving of the surrounding Slavic populations. The Goths marched east and settled various regions, sacking the city of Aarkpbyr in the process. In 551 the Teutons finally settled the Dvina valley, rebuilding both Holmgard and Aarkpbyr, the later renamed Minsk. After 15 years of looting and campaigning the Teutons established a kingdom.

Teutons, Kingdom of the

The Teuton tribes were united by Wulfhere in 536 and spent the next 15 years looting and enslaving the Slavs in Eastern Europe. In 551 Wulfhere finally settled his people in the Dvina valley and established a sedentary kingdom.A giant meteor wiped out the region of Kurr in 571.

The Dynasties of the TeutonsWulfherings (536-)

Theban Legion

A military religious order of the Coptic Church. The legion was founded when Maurice was in the Holy City of Alexandria admiring the huge complex that was the home of the Coptic Church. He decided to enter the cathedral there for a few moments of silent prayer. While kneeling in the cathedral he had a vision of the Virgin Saint Mary and she told Maurice that he had been chosen to become an important part of the church. He was not to become a priest, though. He was to start an order of followers whose purpose will be to defend the church from all that will oppose them. They were to go forth and tell people of their belief in "The nature of the incarnate word", but unlike

their brothers in the clergy, they were not bound to strictly peaceful means. They were to take up arms against the enemies of the Coptic Church. Maurice was given audience with Patriarch Romarius and told him of this vision that he had. Patriarch Romarius was moved by this as he had a similar vision recently also. He decided that since the cathedral in Alexandria is where the divine event happened, that this should become the home of the Theban Legion. Maurice was named the first Grandmaster of the order.

Grandmasters of the Theban LegionMaurice (522-565)Felix (565-572)Victor (573-583)Exuperantius (583-596)Verena (596-)

Theodosians, The

The royal family of the Roman Empire of the East from 379-457 and the West from 392-455.

The Theodosian Emperors of the West The Theodosian Emperors of the EastTheodosius I, the Great (392-395) Theodosius I, the Great (379-395)Honorius (395-423) Arcadius (395-408)Valentian III (423-455) Theodosius II (408-450)

Marcian (450-457)

Theravada Buddhist Primacy

Pei Wu established the Buddhist Primacy in 501. He had abdicated the throne of Hopei to follow the path of Buddha. In 581 the religion split between the dominant Mahayana sect and the minority Theravada sect.

The Theravada PrimatesTan Ri (581-)

Toba Wei, Kingdom of

The barbarian Toba under their royal dynasty the Wei created their empire in 386 and conquered much of northwestern China. They were largely Sinicized with in one century. They went so far as to forbid the use of the original Toba language, dress, customs and surnames in the late 5th century. In 601 they proclaimed themselves the Empire of the Black Dragon.

Tutemids, The

The royal dynasty of Huari from it's unification in the 5th century.

The Tutemid KingsTutem (-573)Yumachan (573-597)Mexcatl (597-)

Ui Neill, Conquest of

King Pwyll of Powys declared that the king of Ui Neill had been taken over by sorcery and evil advisors. So with that reasoning he sent his armies across the sea to "liberate" the island. The first Powysian army landed in Laigan in 552. After talks with the commander of Sidhe Castle, the gates were thrown open and the region declared its independence from Ui Neill. Another Powysian army landed in Mumu, which also then revolted against Ui Neill. Powys spent the rest of the year negotiating an alliance with the rebels.In 553 the Powysians sent an army into Connaught, but they refused to rebel and their army was annihilated and the region occupied. Lastly the Powysians invaded the homeland of Ulaid and killed King Connal in battle. With that all of Eire was in Powysian hands.

Ui Neill, Kingdom of

The Ui Neill dynasty was founded by King Niall in 379 and controlled the northern half of Ireland. The Ui Neill united the island in 512, but were conquered by Powys in 553.

The Ui Neill KingsNiall (379-405)Fergus (-539)Connal (539-553)

Ulania, Kingdom of

The former Temukin Khanate. Khan Kublai changed the name following the Temukin Civil War. The Ulani are ruled by the Temukids. Queen Ariana took the title of Empress in 600.

The Dynasty of the UlaniTemukids (541-)

Ulprians, The

The royal family of the revived Western Roman Empire.

The Ulprian EmperorsUlpris (522-545)Cronan (545-546)Theodosius II (546-614)Arcadius (614-615)Theodoric (615-)

Vandals, Kingdom of the

The Vandals fled westward from the Huns at the beginning of the 5th century. They invaded and devastated parts of Gaul before settling in Spain in 409. The fledgling Vandalic kingdom in Iberia was attacked and ultimately conquered by the Visigoths at Rome's behest beginning in 416. In 429 Geiseric of the Asdingings led the Vandals into North Africa and established his people as Federati of Rome. Geiseric declared his independence in 442 and even sacked Rome itself in 455.

The Dynasties of the VandalsAsdingings (406-)

Venetings, The

The first royal family of Armorica. They came from the Veneti tribe and established Armorica's independence c.450-470. The dynasty died out in 549.

The Veneting KingsRiwal (-530)Geriant (530-541)Cadfael (541-549)

Visigothic Anti-Catholic Migration

King Osoric of the Visigoths, feeling that his people were straying from the Arian faith, ordered his people and allies to migrate farther south into Iberia away from Catholic regions and influence. Even the newly built city of Barcelona was abandoned. The Migration began in 511. As the Visigoths marched south, the regions behind them revolted, the Visigoth Feudal Allies of Aragon, Old Castille, New Castille, and Valencia all declared their independence. Arian priests moved from tribe to tribe during the long march south. They were very successful in weeding out any Catholics. Only a very small minority remained Catholic by the time they reached their new lands.The Visigoths conquered and colonized Murcia and Andalusia along with the cities of Cordoba and Seville during 511-512. Seville was made the new capital of the realm.Alaric re-conquered the rebellious provinces of Aragon, Old Castille, New Castille, and Valencia during 516-517.

Wei, The

The royal family of the Toba Wei established in 386. In 601 they proclaimed themselves the Empire of the Black Dragon as a Chinese power.

The Wei KingsKings of Toba WeiWei Han (-543)Wei Sin (543-599)Black Dragon EmperorsWei Tian (599-)

West African Wars (Croat Conquests)

The nation of Akwar had sworn to convert to Monophysitism. Instead they converted to Islam in 571. The Coptic Croats took this opportunity to both punish the Akwar and to secure a new homeland. In 571 the Croats and Kanem invaded and occupied the northern regions. In 572 the army of Akwar confronted the combined Croatian-Kanemite army. In a fierce battle Songhai was conquered, but Queen Loresa of Croatia fell. Later that year, the Croats took Timbuctu, killing the Akwar king Kpetoe in the process. In 573 the invaders conquered the Akwar capital of Kumbi-Selah, making it the capital of the new Croat kingdom. A brief civil war erupted in Akwar over who would succeed Kpetoe.During 576-577, the Croats conquered Khalem and Senegal and enslaved the regions of Khakem and Segu. The Akwar regions of Galam and Takrur fell to conquest and slavery during 581-583.The last Akwar possessions fell in 588. The nation as a whole was enslaved or killed. The Croats did meet stiff resistance when they tried to enslave the desert tribes to the north of them. The enslavement of the native population of West Africa continued into the 590's. The Croats finally met stiff resistance and defeat in Garou in 593.

In 596 the Croats avenged their defeat in Garou by conquering and enslaving the region. They then enslaved Dogomba, Mossi and Bani.

Western European Wars

The Alamanni, with their king Hermann having proclaimed himself King of all the Germans, invaded the Frankish Kingdom in 601. In 602 he overran Danish Friesland and then invaded the Frank homeland of Lorraine. After a fierce battle, the Franks and the Black Knights were able to repulse the Alamanni horde. The next year the Croats returned to Europe and quickly overran Frankish Ile de France. In 604 Paris fell to the Croats by treachery and then Vermandois fell as well. In 605 the Croats overran Brabant and Flanders, leaving the port city of Stormgard in Frank hands. In 606 the Croats invaded Nivernais. The franks under their king Sigmund responded. After a fierce battle the franks were routed, with king Sigmund being killed as well. The Alamanni continued to liberate Danish held German lands through out the year. In 607 allies of the Franks arrived: Black Knights and Muslims. They attacked the Croats in Hainaut. The Croats were defeated and they fell back to Paris. The allies then retook Nivernais and waited for the Teutons to arrive. Meanwhile, the Britannians had ferried their armies across the sea to Armorica. Another Croat force overran Ponthieu. At this time the fleets of Denmark and Britannia met at sea. After a fierce and bloody battle the Danes were forced back to Odinsmunda. To compound the Danish problems, the newly Christianized Norse invaded and conquered much of the old Svear lands. In 608 the combined Teuton-Black Knight-Muslim army assaulted Paris. The combined Celtic army arrived in time to assist the Croats and dealt the allies a crushing defeat. The allies lost 48,000 men to the 5000 for the Croats and Celts.Because of loses during the war, the Danes and Franks decided to migrate. So in 611 they set sail for the British Isles. They met the Britannian fleet in the English Channel but were forced to flee. They then conquered and settled the Shetlands. From there they raided the Norse during 612. The next year the combined Danish-Frankish fleet attempted to invade the holy island of Iona but was crushed and was forced to return to the Shetlands.In 611 the Croats sent a force south to loot and burn Catholic sites. Into the Western Empire they marched, meeting up with a Roman legion in Lyonnais. The Romans were crushed with Prince Claudius being killed. The Croats then marched north through the now deserted Frankish lands until the came upon still occupied Stormgard, which was assaulted and occupied. Meanwhile, the Alamanni conquered Pomern in their quest to unite all of Germania.

Western Roman Emperors, Later

The later Emperors from 455-476. All were weak and most had barbarian "protectors". The last of them, Romulus Augustulus, was finally overthrown by his barbarian general.

The Later Emperors of RomePetronius Maximus (455)Avitus (455-456)Majorian (457-461)Livius Severus (461-465)Anthemius (465-472)Olybrius (472)Glycerius (473-474)Julius Nepos (474-475)Romulus Augustulus (475-476)

Western Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was permanently divided in two in 395. The West teetered for less than a century and then was finally overthrown by its barbarian "protectors". The Empire was ruled by the Theodosians until 455, and then elected puppet Emperors until the fall in 476.The Roman lands of the fallen Ostrogothic State had rebelled and declared their independence as the Kingdom of Roman Italy in 522. Nine years later the Roman Senate went one step farther and revived the Western Roman Empire by declaring Ulpris Emperor of Rome, establishing the Ulprian Dynasty.In 611 the Emperor and the Empire converted to the Coptic form of Christianity.

The Dynasties of RomeTheodosians (392-455)Later Emperors (455-476)Barbarian King (476-493)Ostrogothic Rule (493-522)Ulprians (522-)

Wotanism

In Norway a prophet named Thorvin began preaching that Wotan was the One True God. That Thor and the other Norse gods were only created beings. The Old priests killed Thorvin in 602, but by then his message had spread and it continued to sweep south.

Wulfherings, The

The royal family of the Teutons. The dynasty and kingdom were both established in 536 by Wulfhere.

The Wulfhering KingsWulfhere (536-559)Frothgar (559-590)Gunther (590-601)Hadawulf (601-)

Yokut Federation

A North American Indian realm created c.585 by Chief Soaring Eagle of the Yokuts.

The Yokut ChiefsSoaring Eagle (c.585-)

Ynglings, The

The royal dynasty of Norway. The Ynglings united the various Norse tribes around c.500.

The Yngling KingsThurl (c.500-511)Ragnar (511-525)Knut (525-571)Nors (571-581)Ole (581-588)Jar Knutsson (588-)

Zoroastrian Church

The Prophet Zoroaster founded Zoroastrianism in the 1st millenium BC. It consolidated the ancient Iranian religions with new ideas into a new religion. At first there were numerous gods with a Supreme God, Ahura Mazda, over all. By the time of the Sassanids Ahura Mazda was worshipped as the only God.Its other salient feature is dualism. Good and Evil fight an unequal battle in which the former is assured of triumph. God's omnipotence is thus only temporarily limited. In this struggle man must enlist because of his capacity of free choice. He does so with his soul and body, not against his body, for the opposition between good and evil is not the same as the one between spirit and matter. Contrary to the Christian attitude, fasting and celibacy are proscribed, except as part of the purification ritual. Man's fight has a negative aspect, nonetheless: he must keep himself pure; i.e., avoid defilement by the forces of death, contact with dead matter, etc. Zoroastrians worship Ahura Mazda in fire temples, which must be kept lit at all times.

The High Priests of Ahura-MazdaSiavash (-537)Hystarapas (537-560)Aruhashtain (560-580)Araphos (580-583)Aintain (583-586)Magog (586-597)Arufain (597-598)Gog (598)Tashbar (598-614)Aslan (614-)

Zulu, Kingdom of the

The first Zulu kingdom was founded by King Tumba in 511 and quickly dissolved upon his death. The second kingdom was established 40 years later by King Shakka when he was able to reform the Old Kingdom. The Zulu are ruled by Shakka's dynasty, the Rozwi. The Rozwi Zulu kingdom soon collapsed like the kingdom of old when Trenka died.

The Dynasties of the ZuluTumba (511-540)Anarchy (540-580)Rozwi (580-612)

Extinct NationsAengland (c.450-511, 576)Akwar (c.500-588)Avar Khanate (556-589)Bavaria (525-552)Boguslavia (513-541)Bretonnian Catholic Church (541-551)Brotherhood of the Jihad (c.540-560)Burgundy (406-559)Burma (5th cent. -532)Creek Federation (early 6th century)Dai Viet (5th cent. -506)Eughanacta (c.350-509)Northern Golden Dragon Empire/Shensi (3rd cent. -596)

Hopei (3rd cent. -511)Houma (590-597)Huang (501-506)Khmer Empire (3rd cent.-506)Kush (5th cent. -532)Lanka (459-548)Liao-Yang (5th cent.-526)Mayan Empire (c.250-570)Medina/Mecca (Islamic Primate) (522-582)Moriata Shogunate (5th cent. -505)Mossi (5th cent. -537)Oman (522-591)Osmani Khanate (547-562)Ostrogothic Italy (489-522)Pandya (4th cent.-534)Powys (c.450-583)Reget (410-586)Siam (5th cent. -526)Southern Golden Dragon Empire/Hunan (3rd cent. -611)Svear Kingdom (c.500-541)Ui Neill (379-553)Zulu Kingdom (511-540, 580-612)