code no: rt22034 r13 set - 1 ii b. tech ii semester ... · pdf fileii b. tech ii semester...

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Code No: RT22034

II B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, May/June - 2015

FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRALIC MACHINERY (Com. to ME, AME)

Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70

Note: 1. Question Paper consists of two parts (Part-A and Part-B)

2. Answer ALL the question in Part-A

3. Answer any THREE Questions from Part-B

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PART-A

1 a) How does the viscosity of air vary with temperature? (4)

b) Differentiate between stream function and velocity potential (4)

c) What is a dimensionless number (4)

d) What is velocity diagram for a turbine blade? What is its use (4)

e) Define specific speed of a centrifugal pump (3)

f) Briefly explain the working of a hydraulic lift (3)

PART-B

2 a) List all fluid properties and derive Newton’s law of viscosity. (8)

b) Find the height through which water rises by capillary action in a glass tube of

2mm bore if the surface tension at the prevailing temperature is 0.075 N/m.

(8)

3 a) Define stream function and velocity potential. What are their uses? (10)

b) Determine whether the following velocity components satisfy the continuity

equation. i) u = cx, v = -cy ii) u = -cx/y , v = c log xy

(6)

4 a) Explain the development of boundary layer formation over a flat plate. (6)

b) Discuss displacement thickness, energy thickness and momentum thickness

(10)

5 a) A jet of oil of specific gravity strikes a fixed curved symmetrical plate at its center

and leaves at the outlet tips. The diameter of the jet is 62 mm and the velocity of

the jet is 45 m/sec. If the jet is deflected by 100 degrees, calculate the force

exerted on the curved plate.

(8)

b) How do you estimate the impact of a jet striking a moving normal plate in the

direction of the jet

(8)

6 a) A centrifugal pump while running at 800 rpm discharges 100 L/s against a net

head of 14m. The manometric efficiency of the pump is 78%. If the vane angle at

the outlet is 35 degrees and the velocity of flow is 2m/sec, determine the outer

diameter of the impellor.

(10)

b) What is a reciprocating pump ? What are its types ? Explain its working with a

neat sketch.

(6)

7 a) Explain the classification of turbines ? Explain the working of Francis turbine

with a neat sketch.

(8)

b) What is governing of turbines? How is it achieved? (8)

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PART-A

1 a) What are the applications of surface tension? (4)

b) What is a flow net? What are its uses (4)

c) Explain any one application of momentum equation (4)

d) Differentiate between radial flow and tangential flow in turbines. (4)

e) Define NPSH for a centrifugal pump (3)

f) Explain the importance of governing of turbines (3)

PART-B

2 a) Derive the equation for capillarity depression when a small glass tube is inserted

in mercury.

(6)

b) A piston of 7.95 cm diameter and 30 cm long works in a cylinder of 8.0 cm

diameter. The annular space of the pistion is filled with an oil of viscosity 2 poise.

If an axial load of 10N is applied to the piston, calculate the speed of movement

of the piston.

(10)

3 a) Derive the Bernoulli’s equation and discuss its significance. (10)

b) A Water pipe changes in diameter from 400mm at section A to 800mm at section

B which is 7 m above. The pressures at A and B are 100 KPa and 75 KPa

respectively. The discharge is 400 litres/Sec. Find the direction of flow.

(6)

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4 a) What do you understand by Boundary Layer ? Explain the development of

Boundary layer over a flat plate.

(8)

b) What are the dimensionless numbers in dimensional analysis. Discuss a few of

them

(8)

5 a) A nozzle of size 10 cm diameter issues a jet of water with a velocity of 50m/sec.

The jet strikes a moving flat plate perpendicularly at the centre. The plate is

moving with a velocity of 15m/sec in the direction of the jet. Calculate

i. The force exerted on the plate

ii. The work done

iii. Efficiency of the jet

(8)

b) Derive the equation for the impact of jet striking a moving inclined plate in the

direction of the jet

(8)

6 a) A centrifugal pump delivers water against a net head of 10 m at a design speed of

800 rpm. The vanes are curved backwards and make an angle of 30 degrees with

the tangent at the outer periphery. The impeller diameter is 30 cm and has a width

of 5 cm at the outlet. Determine the discharge of the pump if the manometric

efficiency is 85%

(8)

b) What is indicator diagram for a reciprocating pump? Explain slip and coefficient

of discharge of a reciprocating pump.

(8)

7 a) How are turbines classified? Explain the working of Pelton wheel turbine with a

neat sketch.

(8)

b) What is a draft tube? What are its functions? (8)

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PART-A

1 a) Derive the equation for capillary rise in a small tube dipped in a liquid (4)

b) Explain the concept of stream tube in Fluid Mechanics & Hydraulic Machinery (4)

c) Explain Boundary layer separation with a neat sketch (4)

d) What is a velocity diagram? Explain with a sketch (4)

e) When do you connect centrifugal pumps in series? (3)

f) Explain the use of draft tube of a turbine (3)

PART-B

2 a) What is metacentric height? Explain how the same is calculated (8)

b) What are the modes of measuring pressure? How can you convert the pressure in

KPa into the liquid columns and vice versa.

(8)

3 a) What are the different types of flow ? State and Explain Bernoulli’s equation. (8)

b) A pipe line 300 m long has a slope of 1 in 100 and tapers from 1.2m diameter at

the high end to 0.6m at the low end. The discharge through the pipe is 5.4

m3/minute. If the pressure at the high end is 70 kpa, find the pressure at the low

end. Neglect the losses.

(8)

4 a) What are the characteristics of boundary layer formation over a flat plate ? (6)

b) Explain how the boundary layer thickness is defined in different ways.

(10)

5 a) A jet of water strikes with a velocity of 50 m/sec a flat fixed plate inclined at 30

degrees with the axis of the jet. The cross sectional area of the plate is 100 cm2.

Find the force exerted by the jet on the plate and the ratio in which the jet gets

divided after striking.

(8)

b) Derive the equation for the impact of jet striking a curved plate at the centre when

the plate is stationary.

(8)

6 a) A fluid is to be lifted against a head of 120m . The pumps that run at a speed of

1200 rpm with rated capacity of 300 litres per second are available. How many

pumps are required to pump the water if specific speed is 700.

(8)

b) What is the working principle of a reciprocating pump ? Explain its working with

the help of an indicator diagram.

(8)

7 a) Differentiate between impulse turbine and reaction turbine. What is a draft tube

and what are its functions?

(10)

b) What is geometric similarity? How do we maintain it (6)

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PART-A

1 a) What is Pascal’s law? Explain with an example (4)

b) What is centre of pressure? Where does it lie in relation to centre of gravity (4)

c) What is stream lined body? (4)

d) How do you find the force when a jet is striking a fixed vertical plate with a

velocity v.

(4)

e) Define cavitation in centrifugal pump. (3)

f) Explain the working of a hydraulic ram (3)

PART-B

2 a) List all the fluid properties and explain why water rises in a small glass tube when

inserted in water.

(6)

b) The space between two parellel plates kept 3mm apart is filled with an oil of

dynamic viscosity 0.2 Pa.s. What is the shear stress on the lower fixed plate, if the

upper one is moved with a velocity of 1.50m/sec?

(10)

3 a) Differentiate between laminar flow and turbulent flows, and rotational and

irrotational flows.

(6)

b) Derive the continuity equation from fundamentals.

Determine whether the following velocity components satisfy the continuity

equation. i) u = cx, v = -cy ii) u = -cx/y , v = c log xy

(10)

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4 a) What is a boundary layer ? Differentiate between a laminar and turbulent boundary

layer.

(8)

b) Explain how a boundary layer separates from boundary. What are the conditions

under which separation takes place ?

(8)

5 a) A jet of water of diameter 40 mm moving with a velocity of 30m/sec strikes a

curved fixed symmetrical plate at the center. Find the force exerted by the water on

the plate, if the jet is deflected through an angle of 120 degrees at the outlet of the

curved plate.

(8)

b) Derive the equation for impact of jet striking a curved plate at one tip and leaving at

the other tip, when the plate is stationary

(8)

6 a) Water is to be pumped to a height of 90m . The pumps that run at a speed of 1000

rpm with rated capacity of 200 litres per second are available. How many pumps are

required to pump the water if specific speed is 800.

(8)

b) What is a manometric head of a centrifugal pump ? How do you define the specific

speed of a centrifugal pump ?

(8)

7 a) What type of turbine is Kaplan turbine? Explain how it works with a neat diagram.

Discuss the importance of draft tube in reaction turbines.

(10)

b) What are the unit quantities to study the performance of turbines? (6)

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Code No: RT22031


KINEMATICS OF MACHINERY (Com. to ME, AME, MM)





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PART-A

1. a) Define the term degrees of freedom of a mechanism.

b) What are the disadvantages of a Davis steering gear mechanism?

c) How do you determine the direction of coriolis component of acceleration?

d) What are the different types of cams?

e) Explain the phenomenon of interference.

f) Differentiate between a belt drive and a chain drive.

h) What is a differential gear? Where is it used? (2M+2M+3M+2M+4M+3M+3M+3M)

PART-B

2. a) Distinguish among complete, incomplete and successful constraint relative motion between

two elements or links.

b) The length of the fixed link of a crank and slotted lever mechanism is 275 mm and that of

the crank 110 mm. Determine, (i) the inclination of the slotted lever with the vertical in the

extreme position. (ii) the ratio of the time of cutting stroke to the time of return stroke and

(iii) the length of the stroke, if the length of the slotted lever is 495 mm and the line of

stroke passes through the extreme positions of the free end of the lever.

(6M+10M)

3. a) Prove that the peaucellier mechanism generates a straight-line motion.

b) The track arm of a Davis steering gear is at a distance of 185 mm from the front main axle

whereas the difference between their lengths is 90 mm. If the distance between steering

pivots of the main axle is 1.2 m, determine the length of the chassis between the front and

the rear wheels. Also find the inclination of the track arms to the longitudinal axis of the

vehicle. (11M+5M)

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4. A shaper mechanism is shown in figure. The crank OA rotates at uniform speed of 20 rpm

clockwise. The guide block A slides along the slotted lever AD that has its fulcrum at ‘C’. The

connecting rod BD connects the tool head B to AD. The tool head is constrained to move along

BC perpendicular to OC. Find the velocity and acceleration of ‘B’. OA= 200 mm; OC=400

mm; CD=200 mm; BD=500mm and angle AOC= 120o. (16M)

5. A tangent cam with a base circle radius of 25 mm operates a roller follower whose radius is 10

mm. The line of stroke of the follower passes through the axis of the cam. The angle between

the tangential faces of the cam is 600, speed of the cam is 200 r.p.m and the lift of the follower

is 15 mm. Calculate the principal dimensions of the cam. Also, determine the accelerations of

the follower at the beginning of the lift and at the apex of the circular nose. (16M)

6. a) Two spur gears each have 30 teeth of involute shape. The circular pitch is 25 mm and the

pressure angle is 200. If the arc of contact is equal to twice the circular pitch, determine

the required addendum for the teeth.

b) Derive the expressions for the minimum number of teeth to avoid interference on pinion and

gear wheels on involute teeth. (8M+8M)

7. a) A V-belt having a lap angle of 1800

has a cross-sectional area of 3 cm2 and runs in a

groove of included angle of 450. The density of the belt is 0.015 N/cm

3, the maximum

stress allowed is 400 N/cm2 and coefficient of friction is 0.2. Determine the maximum

power that can be transmitted if, the mean diameter of the wheel is 300 mm and runs at 900

r.p.m.

b) Give the motion analysis for a differential of an automobile using tabular method

(6M+10M)

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PART-A

1. a) Name any three lower pairs and indicate their number of degrees of freedom.

b) Draw the polar velocity diagram for Hooke's joint.

c) Define the terms centroid and axode.

d) Define the following terms for a cam mechanism: pressure angle, base circle, angle of ascent

and offset.

e) State the law of gearing.

f) Name the materials used for the manufacture of belts, ropes and chains.

g) Differentiate between a compound and epicyclic gear train.

h) What is the effect of a centrifugal tension in a belt drive?

(3M+3M+2M+4M+3M+3M+2M+2M)

PART-B

2. Describe the following mechanisms with neat sketches and state on which kinematic chain

each one is based: (i) oscillating cylinder engine (ii) crank and slotted lever quick return

mehanism (iii) elliptical trammel (iv) Rotary engine (16M)

3. a) Show that the pantograph can produce paths exactly similar to the ones traced out by a point

on a link on an enlarged or a reduced scale.

b) Two shafts are connected by a Hooke’s joint. The driving shaft revolves uniformly at

500rpm. If the total permissible variation in speed of a driven shaft is not to exceed = 6% of

the mean speed, find the greatest permissible angle between the centerlines of the shafts.

Also determine the maximum and minimum speeds of the driven shaft. (10M+6M)

4. In a Whitworth Quick return motion, a crank AB rotates about a fixed center A. The end B

operates a slider reciprocating in a slotted link, rotating about a fixed center D, 40mm vertically

above A. The crank AB which is 90mm long rotates in a clockwise direction at a speed of

150rpm. Find the angular acceleration of the slotted link for the configuration in which AB has

turned an angle of 45o past its lowest position. (16M)

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5. For a symmetrical tangent cam operating a roller follower, the least radius of the cam is 30 mm

and roller radius is 17.5 mm. The angle of ascent is 75 degrees and the total lift is 17.5 mm.

The speed of the camshaft is 500 r.p.m. Calculate the principal dimensions of the cam. Also,

determine the accelerations of the follower at the beginning of the lift and at where the straigtht

flank merges into circular nose. (16M)

6. a) Derive an expression for velocity of sliding between a pair of teeth in mesh.

b) Two gears with 42 and 19 teeth are cut with involute teeth of pressure angle 200 and

diametral pitch 5. The addendum of each is 5 mm. Find (i) the length of arc of contact

(ii) the number of pair of teeth in contact. (8M+8M)

7. a) Derive the condition for maximum power transmission in a belt drive in terms of centrifugal

tension.

b) A rotating arm A carries two wheels B and C which are in gear. The speed of rotation of the

arm is 100 r.p.m. The wheel B has 60 teeth and the axis of rotation same as the arm. An

internal gear D having 120 teeth meshes with gear C and is mounted on the axis of rotation

of the arm. Determine the speed and direction of rotation of D when B is fixed.

(6M+10M)

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PART-A

1. a) Give the Kutzbach criterion for planar mechanisms.

b) What are the applications of a pantograph?

c) State the Kenneddy's three centers in line theorem of instantaneous centers.

d) For a cam mechanism, indicate the number of kinematic pairs and their type. Also determine

the number of degrees of freedom for a cam mechanism.

e) what are the advantages of a cycloidal gear profile?

f) Differentiate between a compound and simple gear train.

g) What is meant by crowning in a belt drive? (3M+3M+3M+4M+3M+3M+3M)

PART-B

2. Describe the following mechanisms with neat sketches and state on which kinematic chain

each one is based: (i) Beam engine (ii) Whitworth quick return mehanism

(iii) Scoth yoke mechanism (iv) oldham coupling (16M)

3. a) Sketch and Describe the Scott-Russel and Robert’s straight-line motion mechanisms.

b) For an Ackermann steering gear, derive the expression for the angle of inclination of the

track arms to longitudinal axis of the vehicle. (8M+8M)

4. a) Derive the expression to determine the magnitude of the coriolis component of acceleration

b) Explain the procedure to determine the velocity and acceleration of a four-bar mechanism by

Klein’s construction. (8M+8M)

5. Derive the expressions for the displacement, velocity and acceleration of a follower when it is

moving with (a) simple harmonic motion (b) uniform acceleration and deceleration. Also, draw

their displacement, velocity and acceleration diagrams. (16M)

6. a) Derive an expression for the length of arc of contact for two involute gears of unequal size in

terms of pressure angle, the pitch circle radii and the addendum radii.

b) A pair of 200 involute spur gears having a velocity ratio of 2.5 mesh externally. Pinion

rotates at 200 r.p.m. Module is 5 mm and the addendum is 1.2 times module. Determine the

minimum number of teeth on each wheel to avoid interference. (8M+8M)

7. a) Carry out the motion analysis for a sun and planet gear when the sun wheel is fixed using

tabular method.

b) A flat belt transmits 15 kW power from a pulley of 80 cm diameter which runs at 300 r.p.m.

The angle of embrace of belt and pulley is 150 degrees and coefficient of friction between

belt and pulley is 0.25. The thickness of the belt is 8 mm and has a density of 1 g/cm3.

Determine the minimum width of the belt for a maximum stress of 180 N/cm2. (6M+10M)

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PART-A

1. a) Derive the relation between the number of links and joints for a planar mechanism with total

number of degrees equal to one.

b) What is the condition for correct steering of an automobile?

c) What are the components of acceleration of a point, relative to a fixed point on a moving?

d) What are the types of followers?

e) Give the applications of a cam mechanism.

f) What are the advantages of a worm gear over that of spiral gear?

g) What is a reverted gear train? Give applications.

h) Explain the phenomenom of creep in a belt drive.

(4M+3M+3M+2M+2M+3M+3M+2M)

PART-B

2. a) Describe all the inversions of double slider crank chain.

b) Two parallel shafts, with the distance between, their axes being 15mm, are connected by an

Oldham coupling. If the speed of the shafts is 300rpm, find the maximum speed of sliding of

each tongue of the intermediate piece along its groove. (10M+6M)

3. a) Sketch and describe the peaucellier and Hart straight-line motion mechanisms

b) The driving shaft of Hooke’s joint runs at a uniform speed of 280 r.p.m and the angle α

between the shaft axes is 20o. The driven shaft with attached masses has a mass of 60 kg at

a radius of gyration of 15 cm. If a steady torque of 200 N-m resists rotation of the driven

shaft, find the torque required at the driving shaft, when θ = 450; g=981 cm/sec2. At what

value of α will the total fluctuation of speed of the driven shaft be limited to 28 rpm.

(8M+8M)

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4. The link AB of the mechanism shown in the figure rotates uniformly in a clockwise direction

at 200 r.p.m. If the lengths of the links are AB= 60 mm, BC= 160 mm, CD=100 mm, AD=200

mm, EF=200 mm and EC=40 mm, determine the linear velocity and acceleration of F for the

position shown. Also, determine the angular velocity and angular acceleration of EF. (16M)

5. Derive expressions for displacement, velocity and accelerations for a roller follower of a

circular camwhen the contact is on (a) circular flank and (b) on circular nose. (16M)

6. a) State and prove law of gearing.

b) A pair of gears in mesh have a module of 10 mm and a pressure angle of 250. The

number of teeth on the pinion and gear are 20 and 52 respectively. The addendum on both

the gears is equal to one module. Determine the ratio of velocity of sliding to the rolling

velocity at the pitch point and at the beginning and end of engagement. (8M+8M)

7. a) Derive the ratio of friction tensions in a V-belt drive.

b) the annular wheel A of an epicyclic gear train having 54 teeth meshes with a planet gear B

which gears with a sun wheel C. The wheels A and C are co-axial. The wheel B is carried

on an arm P which rotates about the axis of the wheels A and C. If the wheel A makes 10

r.p.m in clockwise direction and the arm rotates at 80 r.p.m in anti clockwise direction,

determine the speed of rotation of the wheel C. (8M+8M)

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F

D

C B

A

E

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Code No: RT22035


MACHINE DRAWING (Com. to ME, AME, MM)



2. Answer TWO question from Part-A

3. Part-B is compulsory

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PART-A

1. Draw the sectional front view and top view of knuckle joint with sleeves to connect shafts of

35 mm.

[11]

2. Draw the sectional front view and top view of single riveted butt joint with double straps chain

type to join two plates of 20 mm thickness each. [11]

3. Sketch the following thread profiles for a nominal diameter of 25 mm and pitch 3 mm and give

their applications:

(a) BSW thread, (b) Buttress thread (c) Square thread,(d) ACME thread and (e) Worm thread.

[11]

PART-B

4. Details of the petro engine connecting rod are shown in figure: Assemble all parts and draw

i) Front view.

ii) Sectional plan

iii) Right side view. [48]

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PART-A

1. Draw half sectional front view and the top view of an universal coupling connecting two shafts

of 30 mm diameter each. [11]

2. Draw the sectional front view and top view of double riveted butt joint with single strap Zig-

zag type to join two plates of 20 mm thickness each. [11]

3. a) Sketch the following forms of nuts, with proportions marked:

i) flanged nut, ii) cap nut, iii) dome nut, iv) capstan nut

b) Draw the three views of a hexagonal headed bolt of nominal diameter 25 mm and length

100 mm with a hexagonal nut and washer. [5+6]

PART-B

4. Assemble all the parts of screw jack shown in figure. Draw the following views. [48]

a) Half sectional view from the front

b) Top view

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Answer any two of the following 2x11=22

1. a) Sketch the following forms of nuts, with proportions marked.

i) Flanged nut ii) Capstan nut.

b) Sketch the following conventional materials

i) Bronze ii) Cast Iron iii) Concrete. [5+6]

2. Draw the half sectional front view and side view of bushed pin type flange coupling to

connect two shafts each of diameter of 40 mm. [11]

3. Draw the half sectional elevation and side view of Cotter and sleeve joint used to connect

two rods of 50 mm diameter. [11]

PART B

4. Assemble all the parts of machine vice shown in below. Draw the following views.

a) Sectional front view [48]

b) Top view.

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1. Draw the sectional front view and top view of double riveted, double strap, chain butt joint

with plate thickness 20 mm. [11]

2. Sketch neatly; giving proportionate dimensions the eye foundation bolts of diameter 25 mm.

[11]

3. Draw half sectional front view with top half in section and side view of a muff coupling

connecting two shafts of 40 mm diameter each. [11]

PART B

4. Assemble all parts of the stuffing box shown in Figure and draw [48]

i) Half sectional view from the front (left half in section).

ii) Half sectional view from the right.

iii) Top view.

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Code No: RT22033


PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY (Comm. to ME,AME)





~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

PART –A

1 a) List of different types of pattern used for casting? (3M)

b) What is the function of risers in casting? (4M)

c) Classify the welding processes? (4M)

d) Define the term weldability with example? (4M)

e) Explain hot working process? (4M)

f) Define the process of blanking with a neat sketch? (3M)

PART -B

2 a) Give in detail the flow chart followed in preparation of sand casting? (8M)

b) Define gating ratio? Illustrate the steps involved in designing a gating system?

(8M)

3 a) Define freezing ratio. Calculate the pouring time required for complete filling

of mould?

(8M)

b) Calculate the size of a cylindrical riser(height and diameter equal) necessary to

feed a steel slab casting 25 x 25 x 5cm with a side riser, casting poured

horizontally in the mould. Use caine’s equation and take constants a=0.1,

b=0.03, c=1.0

(8M)

4 a) Define welding. What are different welding joints and their characteristics? (8M)

b) List out the advantages, limitations and applications of welding?

(8M)

5 a) With neat sketch explain explosive welding and electron beam welding. (8M)

b) What are the destructive and nondestructive methods of testing the welded

joints with examples?

(8M)

6 a) Explain briefly the mechanism of plastic deformation in metals and alloys? (8M)

b) Derive the expression for power required in rolling process.

(8M)

7 a) What are the various ways in which presses can be classified? Explain one

press work in detail.

(8M)

b) What are thermoplastics? Explain with neat sketch injection molding process. (8M)

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PART –A

1 a) List out advantages of casting and its applications. (3M)

b) Illustrate with example the functioning of chaplets in casting process. (4M)

c) What are the different types of welding joints? (4M)

d) Define HAZ in welding. (4M)

e) Explain cold working process. (4M)

f) Explain the process of bending. (3M)

PART -B

2 a) What are the steps involved in sand casting? What are different types of pattern

allowances?

(8M)

b) Explain the principle of gating. Design a best gating ratio required for better

casting.

(8M)

3 a) Illustrate different methods of melting the materials. (8M)

b) Calculate the sizes of riser for casting steel bar of 75 x 12.5 x 12.5cm with top

riser placed at the center of the bar. Use modulus method

(8M)

4 a) Distinguish gas welding and gas cutting. Illustrate with few examples. (8M)

b) List out the advantages, limitations and applications of welding.

(8M)

5 a) With neat sketch explain thermit welding and plasma welding. (8M)

b) Explain the causes of welding defects and their remedies with neat sketch.

(8M)

6 a) Define the term recrystallization. State its significance in metal forming. (8M)

b) Define the process of extrusion and its characteristics with sketch and explain

impact extrusion.

(8M)

7 a) Explain briefly various press working operations. (8M)

b) What are thermosetting plastics? What are different types of compression

processes, explain any one with neat sketch?

(8M)

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SET - 2 R13

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Code No: RT22033







~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

PART –A

1 a) List out materials used for pattern making. (3M)

b) Illustrate with example the functioning of core prints in casting process. (4M)

c) What are different types of flames? (4M)

d) What are the defects in welding? (4M)

e) Explain extrusion process? (4M)

f) Define the process of coining? (3M)

PART -B

2 a) How many types of patterns are there? Explain them with neat sketches. (8M)

b) Define gating ratio? Illustrate the steps involved in designing a gating system.

(8M)

3 a) With neat sketch explain the principle and working of cupola furnace.

(8M)

b) Illustrate with example the solidification process of pure metals and alloys.

(8M)

4 a) Describe in detail all the types of arc welding with figures. (8M)


(8M)

5 a) Explain different types of resistant welding. Explain with neat sketch any one

type.

(8M)

b) What are the destructive and nondestructive methods of testing the welded

joints with examples?

(8M)

6 a) Distinguish between hot working and cold working processes with suitable

examples and figures.

(8M)

b) What is meant by bulk deformation? Explain different types of forgings with

neat sketches.

(8M)

7 a) Derive an expression for forces and power required for piercing process. (8M)

b) List different types of Plastics, and processing methods of plastics. (8M)

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SET - 3 R13 SET - 3 R13

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Code No: RT22033







~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

PART –A

1 a) What is sand casting? List out its applications. (3M)

b) Illustrate the colour codes for patterns in casting process. (4M)

c) Which of the flame is efficient while cutting of hard metals and why? (4M)

d) Define soldering and brazing. (4M)

e) Explain the process of deep drawing. (4M)

f) Define the process of spinning with neat sketch. (3M)

PART -B

2 a) Explain the pattern allowance and their construction. (8M)

b) Explain in detail the defects of casting?

(8M)

3 a) With neat sketch explain the principle and working of crucible furnace and pit

furnace.

(8M)

b) Discuss the casting defects which are attributed to the quality of sand. Explain

the remedial measures.

(8M)

4 a) Describe various welding positions with neat sketch and explain a practical

phenomenon using those positions.

(8M)


(8M)

5 a) What is solid state welding? What are different types of solid state welding

explain one with neat sketch?

(8M)

b) Explain the causes of welding defects and their remedies with neat sketch.

(8M)

6 a) State the advantages and limitations of Hot working and cold working

processes and explain the HAZ in both the processes?

(8M)

b) What is compaction and sintering? Give advantages and its applications.

(8M)

7 a) Derive an expression for forces and power required for blanking process. (8M)

b) List different types of Plastics. Explain their properties and applications. (8M)

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SET - 4 R13 SET - 4 R13

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Code No: RT22032


THERMAL ENGINEERING-I (Mechanical Engineering)





~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

PART – A

1. a) Name four important variables that affect the volumetric efficiency.

b) What are the three general ranges of throttle operation for an engine and also specify the

type of mixture required for each.

c) Indicate whether the following parameters increase or decrease the knock in SI & CI engines

respectively: (i) Speed (ii) Cylinder size (iii) Ignition delay.

d) Differentiate between absorption type and transmission type dynamometers.

e) According to ASME, mention the values of pressure ratio for a fan, blower and a

compressor.

f) Define four important dimensionless parameters of axial flow compressor.

(4M+3M+4M+4M+3M+4M)

PART – B

2. a) What is time loss factor? Discuss the effect of time losses in an actual cycle and explain the

reasons for reduction in efficiency.

b) Why the actual cycle efficiency is much lower than the air-standard cycle efficiency. (8+8)

3. a) What is valve timing of 4 stroke engine? Explain its significance through a diagram.

b) Describe the working of crankcase scavenged two stroke engine with sketches. (8+8)

4. a) With the help of graphs, explain the factors which influence the flame speed in an S.I.engine.

b) Explain the phenomenon of Knock in C.I. engines. (8+8)

5. During the trial of a single-cylinder, four-stroke oil engine, the following results were obtained.

Cylinder diameter = 20cm, Stroke = 40 cm, Mean effective pressure = 6 bar, Torque = 407

Nm, Speed = 250 rpm, Oil consumption = 4 kg/h, Calorific value of fuel = 43 MJ/kg, Cooling

water flow rate = 4.5 kg/min, Air used per kg of fuel = 30 kg, Rise in cooling water

temperature = 450C , Temperature of exhaust gases = 420

0C, Room temperature = 20

0C, Mean

specific heat of exhaust gas = 1 kJ/kg K, Specific heat of water = 4.18 kJ/kg K. Find the ip, bp,

and draw up a heat balance sheet for the test in kJ/h. (16)

6. The free air delivered by a single stage, double acting air compressor measured at 1.013 bar

and 150C is 14 m

3/min. The pressure and temperature in the cylinder during induction are 0.95

bar and 320C. The delivery pressure is 7 bar and the index of compression and expansion, n =

1.3. If the clearance volume is 5% of the swept volume, calculate the indicated power and

volumetric efficiency. (16)

7. An axial flow compressor compresses air from an inlet condition of 1 bar and 290K to a

delivery pressure of 5 bar with an overall isentropic efficiency of 87 per cent. The degree of

reaction is 0.5 and the blade angles at inlet and outlet are 440 and 13

0 respectively. The mean

blade speed and axial velocity are constant throughout the compressor. Assuming a blade

velocity of 180 m/s, and workdone factor 0.85, calculate the number of stages. (16)

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SET - 1 R13

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Code No: RT22032


THERMAL ENGINEERING - I (Mechanical Engineering)





~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

PART – A

1. a)Explain the phenomenon of loss due to rubbing friction in actual cycle

.

b) A six cylinder four stroke Diesel engine develops 125 KW at 3000 rpm. Its brake specific

fuel consumption is 200 gm/kWh. Calculate the quantity of fuel to be injected per cycle per

cylinder. Specific gravity of the fuel is 0.85

c) Explain the phenomenon of knocking in SI engine

d) What do mean by heat balance sheet. Explain its significance

e)List out the advantages of reciprocating compressors

f) List out the advantages of axial flow compressors over centrifugal compressors

(3+4+4+3+4+4)

PART – B.

2. a) What is heat loss factor? What is its contribution compared to other losses?

b) With the help of a PV diagram for a CFR engine, explain the effect of heat loss on various

engine parameters. (8+8)

3. a) What is air-cooling system and in which type of engine it is normally used?

b) Describe the evaporative cooling system with a neat sketch. (8+8)

4. a) What is Physical delay? Discuss the factors that affect the delay period in a C.I. engine.

b) What is Octane number? Explain how S.I. engine fuels are rated. (8+8)

5. The following results were obtained in a test on a gas engine:

Gas used = 0.16 m3/min at NTP, Calorific value of gas at NTP = 14 MJ/m

3, Density of gas at

NTP = 0.65 kg/m3, Air used = 1.50 kg/min, Specific heat of exhaust gas = 1.0 kJ/kg K,

Temperature of exhaust gas = 4000C, Room temperature = 20

0C, Cooling water per minute = 6

kg, Specific heat of water = 4.18 kJ/kg K, Rise in temperature of cooling water = 300C, ip =

12.5 kW, bp = 10.5 kW. Draw a heat balance sheet for the test on per hour basis in kJ. (16)

6. A single acting two stage reciprocating air compressor compresses 4.5 kg of air per minute

from 1.013 bar and 150

C through a pressure ratio of 9. The intercooling is perfect and the law

of compression and expansion. = constant. Assuming the clearance volumes of both

stags 5% of their swept volume and the speed of compressor 300 rpm, calculate the indicated

power and the cylinder swept volume. Also calculate the heat loss to the cylinder jacket cooling

water and the heat loss to the intercooler circulating water. (16)

7. Following particulars relate to a centrifugal compressor:

Inlet diameter of impeller = 61.4 cm, Outlet diameter of impeller – 123 cm, Speed = 5000 rpm,

velocity of flow = 61.6 m/s, free air delivered = 1000 m3/min, pressure ratio = 1.33, index of

compression =16. Assuming that all pressure rise takes place in the impeller, find the angles at

which air from impeller enters the casing, breadth of the impeller blade at inlet and outlet. (16)

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SET - 2 R13

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Code No: RT22032







~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

PART – A

1. a) What is firing order for a multi cylinder engine? Mention the commonly used firing orders

for a four cylinder and a six cylinder engines.

b) Name three combustion chambers of indirect - injection type for a C.I. engine.

c) Draw the PV diagram for the roots blower type rotary compressor and derive an expression

for its efficiency.

d) Draw the inlet and outlet velocity triangles for an axial flow compressor, indicating the

various velocity components. (3M+3M+8M+8M)

PART – B

2. a) What is exhaust blow down? With the help of PV diagram discuss the effect of exhaust

valve opening time on blow down.

b) What is loss due to gas exchange process? Discuss its effects on other parameters like speed,

volumetric efficiency etc. (8+8)

3. a) What are the various components to be lubricated in an engine?

b) Describe the working of pressure feed lubrication system with a neat sketch.(8+8)

4. a) Discuss the effect of various engine variables on SI engine knock.

b) What is Cetane number? Explain how CI engine fuels are rated. (8+8)

5. A four-stroke gas engine has a cylinder diameter of 25 cm and stroke 45 cm. The effective

diameter of the brake is 1.6 m. The observations made in a test of the engine were as follows:

Duration of test = 40 min, Total number of revolutions = 8080, Total number of explosions =

3230, Net load on the brake = 90 kg, Mean effective pressure = 5.8 bar, Volume of gas used =

7.5 m3, Pressure of gas indicated in meter = 136 mm of water gauge, Atmospheric temperature

= 170C, Calorific value of gas = 19 MJ/m

3 at NTP, Rise in temperature of jacket cooling water

= 450C, Cooling water supplied = 180 kg. Draw up a heat balance sheet and estimate the

indicated thermal efficiency and brake thermal efficiency. Assume atmospheric pressure at 760

mm of Hg. (16)

6. A single – acting reciprocating air compressor delivers air at 70 bar from an induction pressure

of 1 bar. The rate of air compressed is 2.4 m3/min measured at free air conditions of 1.013 bar

and 150C. Temperature at the end of induction stroke is 32

0C. Calculate the indicated power if

the compression is carried out in two stages with an ideal intermediate pressure and perfect

intercooling and the index of compression and expansion for both stages is 1.25. (16)

7. The impeller of a radial bladed centrifugal compressor has an outside diameter of 33 cm and

rotates at 18600 rpm. The inlet stagnation temperature is 289 K and the isentropic efficiency is

0.85. Neglecting heat losses, calculate the rise in stagnation temperature through the machine.

Also calculate the compression ratio. Take ρ = 1.04 and µ= 0.9. (16)

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SET - 3 R13

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Code No: RT22032







~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

PART – A

1. a) Represent the contributions of various losses in an actual cycle of an IC engine with PV

diagram.

b) Draw the P – θ diagram for C.I. engine combustion and indicate the stages.

c) Name the methods that are used for the measurement of friction power of an engine.

d) Name the sensors that include in an electronic injection system of an I.C. engine.

e) State six advantages of multistage compression.

f) Show schematically a centrifugal compressor and indentify the parts.

(5M+3M+2M+4M+4M+4M)

PART – B

2. a) What is loss due to rubbing friction? Explain.

b) What is the main difference between actual cycle and fuel-air cycle of Diesel engine?

Describe fuel-air cycle and actual cycle combustion for a 2 stroke Diesel engine with the

help of PV diagram. (8+8)

3. a) Describe the working of S.U.Carburetor with a neat sketch.

b) List the factors which affect the process of carburetion. (8+8)

4. a) Distinguish between suction, compression & combustion induced turbulence for a C.I.

engine.

b) Describe the following types of SI engine combustion chambers

i) Overhead valve type combustion chamber. ii) F-head type combustion chamber. (8+8)

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SET - 4 R13

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Code No: RT22032

5. The following observations were made during a trial of a single – cylinder, four-stroke cycle

gas engine having cylinder diameter of 18 cm and stroke 24 cm:

Duration of trial = 30 min, Total number of revolution = 9000, Total number of explosion =

4450, Mean effective pressure = 5 bar, Net load on the brake wheel = 40 kg, Effective diameter

of brake wheel = 1m, Total gas used at NTP = 2.4 m3, Calorific value of gas at NTP = 19

MJ/m3, Total air used = 36 m

3, Pressure of air = 720 mm Hg, Temperature of air = 17

0C,

Density of air at NTP = 1.29 kg/m3, Temperature of exhaust gas = 350

0C, Room temperature =

170C, Specific heat of exhaust gas = 1 kg/kg K, Cooling water circulated = 80 kg, Rise in

temperature of cooling water = 300C. Draw up a heat balance sheet and estimate the

mechanical and indicated thermal efficiencies of the engine. Take R = 287 J / kg K. (16)

6. A single cylinder, single acting air compressor has a cylinder diameter of 15.25 cm and a stroke

of 22.8 cm. Air is drawn into the cylinder at a pressure of 1.013 bar and a temperature of

15.60C. It is compressed adiabatically to 6.1 bar. Calculate the theoretical power required to

drive the compressor if it runs at 100 rpm and the mass of air compressed per minute. (16)

7. A multistage axial compressor is required for compressing air at 293 K through a pressure ratio

of 5 to 1. Each stage is to be 50% reaction and the mean blade speed 275 m/s, flow coefticient

0.5, and stage loading factor 0.3, are taken, for simplicity, as constant for all stages. Determine

the flow angles and the number of stages required if the stage efficiency is 88.8%. Assume cp =

1.005 kJ/kg K and γ = 1.4 for air. (16)

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SET - 4 R13

code no: rt22034 r13 set - 1 ii b. tech ii semester ... · pdf fileii b. tech ii semester...

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