1. Code design piping.- B31.1 Power Piping- B31.2 fuel gas piping- B31.3 Process Piping- B31.4 Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid Hydrocarbons and Other

Liquids:- B31.5 Refrigeration Piping and Heat Transfer Components:- B31.8 Gas Transportation and DistributionPiping Systems- B31.9 Building Services Piping- B31.11 Slurry Transportation Piping Systems:

2. The requied shell thickness shall be determined in accordance with following equation

Tm = t + cWhere:P: internal design gage pressure - psiD: outside diameter of pipe - inchS: allowable stress value for material - psiE: quality factor – 1 for Seamless pipeY: coefficient based on material and temperatureC : corrosion allowance

3.

P: internal design gage pressure - psiD: inside radius - inchS: allowable stress value for material - psiE: weld joint efficiency

C : corrosion allowance

Tm = t + c

4. The Bernoulli Equation can be considered to be a statement of the conservation of energy principle appropriate for flowing fluids.

5. hàm lượng CO & H2S trong ko khí ảnh hưởng ntn đến sk con người.(carbon monoxide concentration health effects ppm(pats pẻ million))

The health effects of CO depend on the CO concentration and length of exposure, as well as each individual's health condition. CO concentration is measured in parts per million (ppm). Most people will not experience any symptoms from prolonged exposure to CO levels of approximately 1 to 70 ppm but some heart patients might experience an increase in chest pain. As CO levels increase and remain above 70 ppm, symptoms become more noticeable and can include headache, fatigue and nausea. At sustained CO concentrations above 150 to 200 ppm, disorientation, unconsciousness, and death are possible.

L O W

0 - 10 ppm Irritation of the eyes, nose and throat

M O D

10 - 50 ppm

Headache Dizziness Nausea and vomiting Coughing and breathing difficulty

H IGH

50 - 200 ppm

Severe respratory tract irritation Eye irritation / acute conjunctivitis Shock Convulsions Coma Death in severe cases

Most countries have legal limits in force that govern the maximum allowable levels of exposure to hydrogen sulfide in the working environment. A typical permissible exposure limit in many countries is 10 ppm

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