COCTOZIHW H HAIIPABJIEHHZI PA3BEiTEIZI

AHTAPKTHPECKHX a CYBAHTAPKTH~ECKHX

MOPCKHX IITHU

( I I p e a C e ~ a ~ e J I b ~ O A K O M U T ~ T ~ CKAPa no 6uo~ror~u ~ T H U )

I I E P B O B A U ~ I ~ H ~ I ~ ~ mm3 C T ~ H I I B O ~ ~ E ~ ~ C T B H B PA33IH¶Hofi HHTEHCHBHOCTH

ItPONbTCM KPH3IB HA I[OIIY3IBlqElkI XHlQHHKOB

AMarpaMMa H a P U C Y H K ~ 1 yKa3bIBaeT H a BBOabI M BbIBOAbI (IIPoxA~HuS'* M "CM~PTM"),

KOTOpbIe H ~ O ~ X O A M M O IIPMHSTb BO BHMMaHMe I T p M MOAeJIMpOBaHMM ~ e M o r p a @ M M

KpHJIS H I l O I l y J I S ~ H M XHQHHKa H MX ~ 3 a k i M o ~ e k C ~ ~ M k . ~ I H @ o ~ M ~ ~ H H , IIpMBeAeHHaS

HMXe, MMeeT qeJIbI0 nofip06~0 OIIMCaTb ( a H e ITOJIHOCTbI0 c l l e ~ M @ M ~ M p ~ ~ a ~ b )

MMHMManbHOe KOJIUrleCTBO (P~KTOPOB, KOTOPbIe H ~ O ~ X O A M M O YrlMTbIBaTb B CaMOM

H a s a n e 3~0ro npoqecca. I I e p ~ b ~ k mar B OCHOBHOM n p e A c T a B n s e T co6ok

IIOArOTOBMTeJIbHOe YniPaXHeHHe, B pe3yJ IbTaTe KOTOpOrO MOAeJIb MOXeT 6 b 1 ~ b

6onee npu6nuxesa K p e a n b H o c T u .

M 0 A e J I b nOIIy3ISI~HM KpMJISI AOJiXHa 6 b 1 ~ b ~ O A O ~ H M M , H 0 i I 0 B03MOXHOCTM CJIerKa

y n p O ~ e H H b I M BapMaHTOM TOG, KOTOPLSI 6 b 1 ~ a UCllOJIb30BaHa AJISI MCCJIeAOBaHMfl

~OTeHI&iaJIbHOrO BbIJIOBa B AOKYMeHTe WG---92/4. K J I I ~ Y ~ B ~ I M 3JIeMeHTOM SIBJISIeTCfl

TO, YTO nOnOJIHeHMe AOJIXHO BKJIIoYaTb B ce6a C T O X ~ C T M Y ~ C K M ~ ~ KOMITOHeHT, KpOMe

TOTO MOAeJIb AOJIXHL BKJIIOYaTb pa3JIMYHbIe B03paCTa. kf~~erpMp0~a~Me no

npeAbrAyqluM p a c n p e A e n e H u n M n a p a M e T p o B , ~ H ~ Y ~ H M R KOTOP~IX H e ~ C H L I , M o x e T

nOKa M~HOpHpOBaTbCSI.

~ ~ o M ~ I c J I o B ~ S I CMepTHOCTb MOXeT 6 b 1 ~ b CMOAeJIMpOBaHa KaK npeABapMTeJIbH0

Y C T ~ H O B J I ~ H H ~ I ~ ~ e X e r 0 ~ ~ b I f i BbIJIOB. B AOKyMeHTe WG-KriU-92/4 TeMn ~ C T ~ C T B ~ H H O ~ ~

CMePTHOCTM KPMJISI 6b1a COYTeH 3aKpeITJIeHHbIM BO BpeMeHM. Tenepb 3TOT

nOKa3aTeJIb 6 y ~ e ~ pa3AeJIeH H a ABa KOMnOHeHTa: n e p ~ b ~ f i , OCTaTOsHaSI

eCTeCTBeHHaSI CMePTHOCTb (w), BO3HMKaIOlqaSI M3-3a XUlqHMKOB, H e IIOABepraBIUMXCSI

PaCCMOTpeHMIo, AOJIXeH CYMTaTbCSI 3aKpeIIJIeHHbIM BO BpeMeHM; BTOPO~~,

~ 0 3 ~ k i K a I o l q ~ f i B CBSI3U C n o ~ p e 6 J I e ~ M e h 4 KPMJISI PaCCMaTpMBaeMbIMM XMlqHMKaMM,

6 y ~ e ~ pa3JIMYaTbCSI BO BpeMeHM B 3aBMCMMOCTM OT p a 3 M e p a l I 0 n y J I S I ~ M f i K a K KPMJISI,

TaK l4 XMlqHMKa.

~ M O M ~ C C ~ I KPMJIS B H ~ ~ P o M ~ I c J I o B ~ ~ ~ ~ nepMOA. H a n p ~ ~ e p , npM H ~ ~ J I I O U ~ H H O ~ ~

O T H O C I M T ~ J I ~ H O ~ ~ YaCTOTbI "~JIoxMx" MJIM "xo~oIIIMx" JIeT IIOnOJIHeHMS, MOXHO

~ b 1 6 p a ~ b aj TaK, Y T O ~ ~ I COOTHOIIIeHMe n n o 1 [ 9 a ~ e f i HaA M IIOA ajK, KOTOPbIe J IeXaT

n 0 p l 3 ~ 0 f i K P M B O ~ ~ PaClTpeAeJIeHMS COOTBeTCTBOBaJIO H ~ ~ J I I O U € ! H H O ~ ~ O T H O C M T ~ J I ~ H O ~ ~

YaCTOTe. ( C J I e u y e ~ OTMeTMTb, YTO XOTS PMCYHOK 3 yKa3bIBaeT H a TO, YTO a = 1, B

CJIyYae OIIpeAeJIeHHbIX XMWHMKOB, O ~ C T O S T ~ J I ~ C T B ~ MOrYT llpUBeCTM K TOMY, YTO

a > 1.1

O T B ~ T ~ I B O ~ O M X CJIyYaHX ( B ~ I X M B ~ ~ M O C T M B3pOCJIbIX oco6eZS U MOJIOAM) CrlMTaIOTCW

H ~ O ~ X O A U M ~ I M I M : KOMIIOHeHTaMM I I e p ~ o ~ a r l a J I b ~ o f i MOAeJIU. H o ~ A H ~ ~ , MOXeT 6 b 1 ~ b

U3yYeHO B O ~ A ~ ~ ~ C T B H ~ CTOXaCTMYeCKOrO KOMnOHeHTa B 3TUX @ Y H K U M O H ~ J I ~ H ~ I X

B3aUMOOTHOIUeHMHX; 3 T 0 MOXeT II03BOJIMTb IIPMHSITb B PaCYeT TOT @%KT, YTO

06u~arom(~e H a C y m e XMWHMKM PearMpyIOT H a AOKaJIbHOe HaJIMrlMe KPMJIH, KOTOpOe

COBCeM H e 0 6 s 3 a ~ e ~ r b ~ o RBJIHeTCH TOXAeCTBeHHbIM YMCJIeHHOCTM KpUJIS H a

60~1bmeZS aKBaTOpMM. H o c J I ~ A ~ I O ~ M M yC0BepmeHCTBOBaHMeM MOAeJIM MOXeT CTaTb

y s e T o r p a H u u e H u r r naorqaAu pa3MHoxeHMa, T a K x e KaK u HanMrIMe KOPMOBOZS 6a3b1,

KaK o ~ ~ ~ H M Y M B ~ I O I Q M Z ~ @ ~ K T O ~ AJIH nonynarTuR XMlqHMKOB.

~ ~ O P M A ~ E i ~ , 3AIIPOIIIEHHAg OT WG-CEMP

(iii) ~ a ~ e r o p ~ s a q ~ a AeT c H ~ ~ J I ~ A ~ H M W M M n a A c n e K T p o M OT nnoxoro AO

xopomero c T O ~ ~ K M 3 p e ~ ~ s XXUII[IHHKL; T ~ K H M 06pa30~, H a n p w e p , ecm

~ b 1 6 p a H b 1 TPM KaTeIWpUM, OHM AOJIXHbI COOTBeTCTBOBaTb:

"xopomtr$i" - KaK p e n p o ~ y ~ ~ b i ~ ~ b ~ f i YCneX, TaK M BbIXMBaeMOCTb

B3pOCJIbIX oco6eR B XOpOIIIeM COCTOWHMM

" c p e ~ H M 2 f " - p e n o ~ y ~ ~ b i ~ ~ b ~ R YCneX B llJIOXOM COCTOWHMM, HO

BbIXMBaeMOCTb B3pOCJIbIX oco6eR B HOpMe

" ~ J I O X O ~ ~ " - KaK ~ ~ ~ P O A Y K T M B H ~ I ~ ~ YCneX, TaK U BbIXMBaeMOCTb

B3pOCJIbIX oco6eR B nJIOXOM COCTOWHMM.

COCTOgHEIE H HAlIPAB3IEHElfl PA3BHTIIR

AHTAPKTIIWCKHX H CYBAHTAPKTII¶ECKIIX MOPCKHX IITIIU

P a 6 o r l a a rpynna n o ~ M O J I O ~ M M , CKAP

OTKJIMKHYBIIIUC~ H a npocb6y AHTKOMa B 1988 r., ~ O A K O M M T ~ T paccMOTpeJI

COCTOSIHMe M HanpaBJleHMSI pa3BMTMa aHTapKTUYeCKMX M C ~ ~ ~ H T ~ ~ K T M ~ ~ ~ C K M X

MOPCKMX n T u u u O ~ ~ ~ J I M K O B ~ J I CBOM B ~ I B O A ~ I (Cornrant 16: 138-158 (1988)). B 1990 r. AHTKOM COO~IQMJI 0 CBOeM XeJIaHMu BHOBb n o ~ p o 6 ~ o PaCCMOTpeTb 3TOT BOnpOC H a

COBeIQaHMM 1992 I-. M llpeAJIOXMJI ~ O A K O M U T ~ T Y AOnOJIHMTb 0 6 3 0 ~ 1988 r. ~ O A K O M M T ~ T CAeJIaJI 3TOT 0630~ H a COBeIQaHMM CKAPa B ~ ~ M J I o Y ~ , A P ~ ~ H T H H ~ ,

B MIOHe 1992 r. C ~ ~ M C O K YrlaCTHMKOB M H ~ ~ J I I O A ~ T ~ J I ~ ~ ~ IIPMBOAMTCSI B AOIIOJIH~HMM 1.

2. AJIS COCTaBJIeHMSI o63opa H a COBeaaHMM MMeJIMCb B paCITOPSIXeHMM TPM

MCTOrlHMKa MaTepMaJIOB. n e p ~ b ~ f i - AaHHbIe, 3aperMCTpMpOBaHHbie H a aHKeTaX

AHTKOMa (CM. A O I I O J I H ~ H M ~ 2). B~opofi - AaHHbIe B O ~ ~ ~ J I H K O B ~ H H O R J IMTepaType

(CM. CfIUCOK J I U T ~ P ~ T Y P ~ I ) M T P ~ T M ~ ~ - JIMrlHbIe AOKJIaAbI YrleHbIX, IIpMCyTCTBOBaBIIIMX

H a coserqaHMM.

3. 6b1JIa B b I p a X e H a O ~ ~ ~ O U ~ H H O C T ~ TeM, YTO nOMMMO paClIpOCTpaHeHMSI r l e p e 3

CeKpeTaprr I IOAKOMMT~T~ no 6uo~1orcru nTMU, AHTKOM T a K X e IIpeAOCTaBMJI 3TM

@ 0 p ~ b 1 CaMOCTOSITeJIbHbIM MCCJIeAOBaTeJIeM. H ~ K O T O P ~ I ~ M 3 HMX OTllpaBMJIM

3anOJIHeHHbIe @ O P M ~ I HenOCpeACTBeHHO B C e K p e ~ a p M a ~ , a H e B ~ O A K O M U T ~ T no

~ U O J I O ~ M M llTM4. 3 ~ 0 IIPMBeJIO K TOMY, rlTO H e BCe IlpeACTaBJIeHHbIe AaHHbIe ( ~ a n p . M 3

)II~OHUI?I) MOrJIH 6 b 1 ~ b PaCCMOTpeHbI H a HaCTOSIIQeM COBeIQaHMM. K p o ~ e TOrO, COrlJIM,

rlTO CaMM QOPM~I CJIMIIIKOM CJIOXHbI. B rlaCTHOCTM, TIpeACTaBJISIeTCH, rlTO OHM

HallpaBJIeHbI H a npuo6pe~e~ue nepBMYHbIX AaHHbIX B Pe3yJ IbTaTe l lPOrPaMM

M c c J I ~ A o B ~ H M ~ ~ , a H e H a n o n y s e H u e CBOAKM B~IBOAOB BTMX I . I C C A ~ A O B ~ H U ~ ~ . IIo

o6rqe~y MHCHMIO, 3 T 0 SIBJISIeTCSI HeYMeCTHbIM M MOXeT BBOAMTb B 3 a 6 J I y X A e ~ M e .

4. B Ta6n~qe 1 &i B A o ~ o J I H ~ H M M 3 npMBOASITCSI n o ~ p 0 6 ~ b 1 e CBOUKM OCHOBHbIX

AaHHbIX no BMAaM, YrlaCTKaM UJIM p a f i o ~ a ~ , PaCCMOTpeHHbIX E[OAKOMMT~TOM.

~ J I ~ B H o ~ 3AeCb - HOBbIe AaHHbIe, IIOJIyYeHHbIe C o63opa YrlaCTKOB B 1988 r., I'IO

KOTOPbIM MMeIOTCSI I'IO K p a f i ~ e f i M e p e ABa CPaBHMMbIX IIOACrleTa. T ~ M H e MeHee,

CyMMMpyIOTCSI T a K X e M MHOrMe 6onee 3HaYMTeJIbHbIe AOJIrOCpOrlHbIe ~ a 6 0 p b 1

AaHHbIX He3aBMCMMO OT TOrO, MMeIOTCSI HOBbIe AaHHbIe MJIM HeT. T a ~ x e CJIeAyeT

OTMeTMTb, YTO 3HaYMTeJIbHOe KOJIMYeCTBO AOlIOJIHMTeJIbHbIX OTHOCSqMXCSI K AeJIY

AaHHbIX, B O C O ~ ~ H H O C T M I10 IlMHrBMHaM A H T ~ ~ K T H Y ~ C K O ~ O IIOJIyOCTpOBa, 3a

n p e A b r A y q M e r o ~ b r H a x o A u T c n B pa6o~ax Kpo~canna w K u p ~ ~ y ~ a (1979) M I I o ~ c e ~ a M

I I o ~ c e ~ a (1985 ,1987) .

(i) Ann K ~ K O R - ~ M ~ O T O Y H O ~ ~ oqeHKM ~ a n p a ~ n e ~ ~ f i ~ ~ ~ B M T M S nonynrrqufi H a

J I D ~ O M YYaCTKe B AaHHOM PercIOHe, AaHHbIX I10 MHOrHM BMAaM

aHTapKTMYeCKMX M C Y ~ ~ H T ~ P K T M Y ~ C K M X nTM4 B OCHOBHOM H e

AOCTaTOYHO. B OTHOIIIeHMM APYrUX BMAOB MMeIOTCII aAeKBaTHbIe AaHHbIe

TOJlbKO I10 OAHOMY HAM ABYM YYaCTKaM. 3 ~ y CHTYaLJMIO MOXHO

(iv) P M C J I ~ H H O C T ~ nMHF'BMHa A ~ e n u B pak0~e M o p e P O C C ~ IIOCTeIleHHO

BO3paCTaeT C 1982 r. Ha A p y m X YYaCTKaX, BKJIIOYaS YYaCTKU

3HaYMTeJIbHOrO yBeJIMYeHM9 n0nyJISlqLik M e X A y f 9 5 0 - b 1 ~ ~ M 1 9 6 0 - b 1 ~ ~

rOAaMM, IIOIlyJISlqMM B OCHOBHOM C T ~ ~ U A ~ H ~ I .

( ~ i ) C B U A ~ T ~ J I ~ C T B 0 TOM, YTO YMCJIeHHOCTb BMAOB npOAOJIXaeT PaCTM B

CBII3M C ~ O J I ~ I I I H M KOJIMYeCTBOM OTXOAOB B ~ J I u ~ M C T ~ H Q M ~ , CTaJIO

MeHbme. H ~ C M O T ~ S H a TO, YTO npOQeCC o 6 p a 6 o ~ ~ u OTXOAOB

YeJIOBerleCKOrO IIPOMCXOXAeHMS HaMHOrO YJIYYIUeH, OH BCe p a B H 0

H y X A a e T C S B YCOBePIIIeHCTBOBaHMM, B O C O ~ ~ H H O C T C I iIOTOMy, YTO

OCHOBHYKI BbIrOAY, B03MOXH0, llOJIYYaKIT XMT[IHUKM, a ~ a ~ o e - J I b i 6 0

y B e a u Y e n u e MX n o n y n s q ~ k , c K o p e e B c e r o npHHocMT ywep6 Apyrmi

IITMqaM.

(~iii) C B M A ~ T ~ J I ~ C T B 0 TOM, YTO YMCJIeHHOCTb BUAOB IIpOAOJIXaeT

YMeHbJlIaTbCS B pe3yJ IbTaTe BMeIIIaTenbCTBa YeJIOBeKa, c e f i r l a c CTaJIO

(k) 3 a t r e C e ~ ~ b 1 e XMBOTHbIe BCe ewe OKa3bIBaIoT Cepbe3HOe B03~ef iCTBMe H a

POIOwMX MOPCKMX nTMq H a ~ o J I ~ I I I u H c T B ~ C Y ~ ~ H T ~ P K T U Y ~ C K U X OCTPOBOB.

H e o 6 x o ~ u ~ o KaK MOXHO IlIMpe M CKOpee CJIeAOBaTb n p M M e p y YYeHbIX

IOXHOR A ~ P M K M , KOTOPbIe, B03MOXH0, nOJIHOCTbIO OCBO~OAMJIM OCTPOB

M ~ ~ M O H OT KOIIIeK.

(x) C B M ~ ~ T ~ J I ~ C T B 0 TOM, YTO ~ P M Y M H O ~ ~ C O K P a e H M I I JIIO60fi II0IIYJIIIqHI.I

MOPCKMX ~ T M U a B a a e T c a yyMeHbmeHue H ~ M Y M S nuwu B M o p e , B c e e4e

HOCaT K O C B ~ H H ~ I ~ ~ XapaKTep. C B M A ~ T ~ J I ~ C T B 0 TOM, YTO ~ 1 ~ 6 o e

C O K p a e H M e n O n y J I S ~ M U BbI3BaHO B O ~ A ~ ~ ~ C T B U ~ M KOMMepYeCKOrO

n p o M b I c n a , HeT.

(xi) B 0 3 p a C T a e T KOJIMYeCTBO CBMAeTeJIbCTB 0 TOM, YTO ( P U ~ M Y ~ C K ~ S

o a p y x a ~ ~ ~ a a cpeAa M r p a e T B a x H y I o P O J I ~ B penpoAyKTMBHoM ycnexe M

A a X e AMHaMMKe nOIIYJISII.(MM MOPCKMX n T U 4 AHT~PKTUKU, O C O ~ ~ H H O

BMAOB, o 6 u ~ a l o n q u x B B~ICOKMX mMpoTax. H e o ~ b e ~ n e ~ o f i YacTbxo

n p o r p a M M b 1 B c e x ~ c c n e ~ o s a ~ ~ f i no MoHMTopMHry MOPCKMX n ~ ~ q

SBJISeTCS KPMTMYeCKaR H ~ O ~ X O A M M O C T ~ PerMCTpMPOBaTb @ M ~ U Y ~ C K M ~

nepeMeHHbre.

(~ii) H ~ C M O T ~ S H a MHOXeCTBO npMMepOB W M ~ H ~ H M ~ ~ B YMCJIeHHOCTM

I IonyJ IaqMfi MOPCKMX nTMq, KOTOpbIe CBa3aHbI C I.ipeAb1AylquMI.i MJIM

OAHOBPeMeHHbIMU H3MeHeHMSIMM XapaKTePMCTMK ~ M O J I O ~ M Y ~ C K O ~ ~ MJIM

@ M ~ M Y ~ C K O ~ ~ CpeAbI, HaIIIe 3HaHMe 0 ( P Y H K ~ M O H M P O B ~ H M M MJIM

B ~ ~ M M O A ~ ~ ~ C T B M S I X TaKMX (PLKTOPOB 0KpyXaIOwefi CpeAbI, MJIM 0

perynuposanuu n o n y ~ i a q ~ f i MOPCKMX ~ T M U , H a x o A k i T c a H a o r IeHb

HM3KOM YPOBHe. ~ T M O ~ J I ~ C T U OCTaIOTCSI KJIIOYeBbIMM AJIg YJIYYIIIeHHbIX

uccne~osanufi B ~ Y A Y ~ ~ M .

BAKKEN, V. 1991. Fugle-og selunderakedser pa Bouvetgya i Desember-Januar 1989190. Medd. Norsk. Polarinst. No. 15,30 pp.

BRETAGNOLLE, V., H. WEIMERSKIRCH and P. JOUVENTIN. 1991. Have giant petrels Macronectes spp. really increased at Iles Crozet. Mar. Om. 19: 73-74.

BROTHERS, N. 1991. Albatross mortality and associated bait loss in the Japanese longline fishery in the Southern Ocean. Biol. Conserv. 55: 255-268.

CHASTEL, O., H. WEIMERSKIRCH and P. JOUVENTIN. In press. Annual variability in reproductive success and survival of an Antarctic seabird, the snow petrel Pagodroma nivea: a 27 year study. Ibis.

COOPER, J. and A. FOURIE. 1992. Improved breeding success of great-winged petrels Pterodroma macroptera following control of feral cats at sub-Antarctic Marion Island.

Bird Conservation International 1: 171- 175.

COOPER, W. 1992. Rockhopper penguins at the Auckland Islands. Notornis 39: 66-67.

CROXALL, J.P. and E.D. KIRKWOOD. 1979. The Breeding Distribution on the Antarctic Peninsula and Islands of the Scotia Sea. Cambridge: British Antarctic Survey.

CROXALL, J.P. and P.A. PRINCE. 1979. Antarctic seabird and seal monitoring studies. Polar Rec. 19: 573-595.

CROXALL, J.P. and P.A. PRINCE. 1990. Recoveries of wandering albatrosses Diomedea exulans ringed at South Georgia, 1958- 1986. Ringing and Migration 11 : 43-5 1.

CROXALL J.P., D.M. ROOTES and R. PRICE. 1981. Increases in penguin populations at Signy Island, South Orkney Islands. Bull. Br. Antarct. Surv. 54: 47-56.

CROXALL, J.P., P.A. PRINCE, I. HUNTER, S.J. MCINNES and P.G. COPESTAKE. 1984. The seabirds of the Antarctic Peninsula, islands of the Scotia Sea and Antarctic Continent between 80°W and 2O0W: their status and conservation. In: CROXALL, J.P.,

P.G.H. EVANS and R.W. SCHREIBER (Eds). Status and Conservation of the World's Seabirdr. Cambridge: ICBP. pp. 637-666.

CROXALL, J.P., T.S. MCCAN, P.A. PRINCE and P. ROTHJ2RZ. 1988. Reproductive performance of seabirds and seals at South Georgia and Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, 1976- 87: implications for Southern Ocean monitoring studies. In: SAHRHAGE, D. (Ed.).

Antarctic Ocean and Resources Variability. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. pp. 261-285.

CROXALL, J.P., P. ROTHERY, S.P.C. PICKERING and P.A. PRINCE. 1990. Reproductive performance, recruitment and survival of wandering albatrosses Diomedea exulans at Bird Island, South Georgia. J. Anim. Ecol. 59: 775-796.

FAVERO, M. and M.P. SILVA. 1991. The status of the breeding birds at Halfmoon Island (Isla Media Luna), South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Contr. Inst. Antarct. Argentina No. 407, 8pp.

FAVERO, M., P.J. BELLAGAMBA and M. FARENGA. 1991. Abundica y distribution espacial de las poblaciones de aves de Punta Armonia y Punta Dedo, Isla Nelson, Shetland del Sur. Riv. Ital. Om. 61.

FRASER, W.R., D.G. AINLEY, W.Z. TRIVELPIECE and S.G. TRIVELPIECE. 1992. Increases in Antarctic penguin populations: reduced competition with whales or a loss of sea ice due to environmental warming. Polar Biol. 11 : 525-53 1.

GALES, R. and D. PEMBERTON. 1988. Recovery of the king penguin, Aptenodjtes patagonicus, population on Heard Island. Aust. Wildl. Res. 15: 579-585.

HARPER, P.C., G.A. KNOX, E.B. SPURR, R.H. TAYLOR, G.J. WILSON and E.C. YOUNG. 1984. The status and conservation of birds in the Ross Sea sector of Antarctica. In: C R O W , J.P., P.G.H. EVANS and R.W. SCHREIBER (Eds). Status and Conservation of the World's Seabirh. Cambridge: ICBP. pp. 593-608.

mMMINGS, A.D. 1984. Aspects of the breeding biology of McCormickYs skua Catharacta maccormicki at Signy Island, South Orkney Islands. Bull. Br. Antarct. Sum. 65: 65-79.

JOUVENTIN, P. and H. WEIMERSKIRCH. 1990. Longterm changes in seabird and seal populations in the Southern Ocean. In: KERRY, K.R. and G. HEMPEL (Eds). Antarctic Ecosystems.Ecologica1 Change and Conservation. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. pp. 208-213.

JOUVENTIN, P. and H. WEIMERSKIRCH. 1991. Changes in the population size and demography

of southern seabirds: the management implications. In: PERRINS, C.M. J.D. LEBRETON

and G.J.M. HIRONS (Eds). Bird Population Studies: Their Relevance to Conservation and Management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 297-3 14.

JOUVENTIJY, P., J.C. STAHL, H. WEIMERSKIRCH and J.L. MOUGIN. 1984. The seabirds of the

French sub-Antarctic islands and Ad6lie Land, their status and conservation. In: CROXALL, J.P., P.G.H. EVANS and R.W. SCHREiIBER (IEds). Status and Conservation of the World's Seabirds. Cambridge: ICBP. pp. 609-625.

MOORS, J.P. 1986. Decline in numbers of rockhopper penguins at Campbell Island. Polar Rec. 23: 69-73.

PONCET, S. and J. PONCET. 1985. A survey of penguin breeding populations at the South

Orkney Islands. Bull. Br. Antarct. Surv. 68: 71-81.

PONCET, S. and J. PONCET. 1987. Censuses of penguin populations of the Antarctic Peninsula,

1983-1987. Bull. Br. Antarct. Surv. 77: 109-129.

ROOTES, D.M. 1988. The status of birds at Signy Island, South Orkney Islands. Bull. Br. Antarct. Surv. 80: 87-1 19.

ROUNSEVELL, D. and G.R. COPSON. 1982. Growth rate and recovery of a king penguin

Aptenodytes patagonicus population after exploitation. Aust. Wildl. Res. 9: 5 19-525.

SIZAW, P. 1984. Factors Aflecting the Breeding Pe@omuznce of the Antarctic Blue-eyed Shag (Phalacrocorax atriceps bransjieldensis). PhD thesis: Univ. of Durham.

TAYLOR, R.H., P.R. WILSON and B.W. THOMAS. 1990. Status and trends of Ad6lie penguin populations in the Ross Sea region. Polar Rec. 26: 293-304.

TRIVELPIECE, W.Z., S.G. TRIVELPIECE, G.R. GEUPEL, J. KJELMYR and N.J. WOLKMAN. 1990. Ad6lie and chinstrap penguins: their potential as monitors of the Southern Ocean marine ecosystem. In: KERRY, K.R. and G. BMPEL (Eds). Antarctic Ecosystems. Ecological Change and Conservation. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. pp. 19 1-202.

VAN FRANEKER, J.A., P.J. BELL and T.L. MONTAGUE. 1990. Birds of Ardery and Odbert

Islands, Windmill Islands, Antarctica. Emu 90: 74-80.

VOISIN, J. 1988. Breeding biology of the northern giant petrel Macronectes halli and the southern giant petrel M. giganteus at Ile de La Possession, Iles Crozet, 1966-1980. Cormorant 16: 66-95.

VOISIN, J. 1991. Giant petrels increased at Iles Crozet between 1966 and 1980. Mar. Orn. 19: 75-77.

WEIMERSKIRCI-I, H. 1990. The influence of age and experience on breeding performance of the Antarctic fulmar Fulmaus glacialoides. J . Anirn. Ecol. 59: 867-875.

WEIMERSKIRCH, H. and P. JOUVENTIN. 1987. Population dynamics of the wandering albatross (Diomedea exulans) of the Crozet Islands: causes and consequences of the population decline. Oikos 49: 3 15-322.

WILSON, K.J. 1990. Fluctuations in the Adklie penguin populations at Cape Bird, Antarctica. Polar Rec. 26: 305-308.

WOEHLER, E.J. 1991. Status and conservation of the seabirds of Heard Island and the McDonald Islands. In: CROXALL, J.P. (Ed.). Seabird Status and Conservation: a Supplement. Cambridge: ICBP. pp. 263-277.

WOEHLER, E.J. and G.W. JOHNSTONE. 1991. Status and conservation of the seabirds of the Australian Antarctic territory. In: CROXALL, J.P. (Ed.). Seabird Status and Conservation: a Supplement. Cambridge: ICBP. pp. 279-308.

WOEHLER, E.J., D.J. SLIP, L.M. ROBERTSON, P.J. FWLLAGAR and H.R. BURTON. 1991. The distribution, abundance and status of Addie penguins Pygoscelis adeliae at the Windmill Islands, Wilkes Land, Antarctica. Marine Ornithology 19: 1-1 8.

BHA Y Y ~ C T O K r0~b1, B KOTOPbIe 6b1n~ Cpep(Hee rOAOBOe ~ICTOY HMK IlpeACTaBAeHbI plaHHbIe M3MeHeHMe

~ O A % kiMIIepa~0p~KMk M. > K ~ o ~ o X M - I ~ O ~ H T 1952,1958,1962-1986 1975-86 -7.5 > I ( Y B ~ H T ~ H M BakMepcKMpx, 1990 IIMHrBMH ~ ~ T ~ ~ O H C K M ~ IIMHrBMH Kpo3e 1962,1965,1981,1986 1962-86 -0*4* > K ~ B ~ H T ~ H M BakMepcKMpx, 1990

1962,1967,1981,1986 1962-86 4-7.3 > K ~ B ~ H T ~ H M BakMepcKMpx, 1990 1967,1981,1986 1967-86 +10.4 > K Y B ~ ? H T ~ H M BakMepcKMpx, 1990

Keprenex 1962,1985 1962-85 +6.3 > K Y B € ~ H T ~ H M B ~ ~ M ~ ~ c K M ~ x , 1990 1962,1985 1962-85 +7.2 ) ] K Y B ~ H T ~ H M B ~ ~ M ~ P C K M P X , 1990 1974,1985 1974-85 +19.6 > K ~ B ~ H T ~ H M BafiMepcKMpx, 1990

X e p ~ ( ~ ~ J ' I M B C ~ M T ) 851.1963-1988 1963-88 +25.5 reknc M I I ~ M ~ ~ ~ T o H , 1988 O-B M ~ K Y O P M 1930,1980 1930-80 +6.9 P Y H C ~ B ~ J I ~ M Iiposepc, 1984 IOm~aa reopma 1914,1946,1976,1986 1976-86 +5.0 Kpo~cann M ~ p . , 1988

IIUH~BMH AL](~AM M. B e p ~ 1965-70,1974-87 1982-88 +lo. 1 BM~~coH., 1990 M. Xanne~ 1981-87 1981-82 +9.9 Teknop M ~ p . , 1990 0-B BO@OPT 1981,1983-1987 1981-87 +6.1 ~eknrop M ~ p . , 1990 0-B 9 p a ~ ~ ~ i - i ~ (3a11) 1981,1983-1987 1981-82 +8.5 Teknop M ~ p . , 1990 M. >K~OJIOXM-IIO~HT 1958,1984 1958-84 4-2.1 ) ] K Y B ~ H T ~ H M BafiMepcKMpx, 1990 o-sa B M H A M M ~ 1961,1971,1989 1961-71 +9.6 Yonep M ~ p . , 1991

89 M.8 Yonep M ~ p . , 1991 0-B C M ~ H M 4r. 1948-1979 1948-79 +3.6 Kpo~cann M ~ p . , 1981

1979- 1992 1979-92 M.4 Kpo~cann M ~ p . , 1988 M ~eony6n. 3-B A,qMMpaJITM-&!k 7n. 1977-1986 1977-86 4 . 2 TPMB~J~IIMC M AP., 1990

IIHH~BMH Y MHCTpaIl 3-B A A M M ~ ~ ~ T M - B ~ ~ 7 ~ . 1977-1986 1977-86 -3.1 T P M B ~ ~ ~ M C M AP., 1990 0-B C M ~ M 4r. 1948-1979 1948-79 +7.3 Kpo~cann M AP., 1981

1979-92 1979-92 -0.1 Kpo~cann M AP., 1988 M ~eony6n. I i y ~ e ~ o k a 4r. 1958-1978 1958-78 +14.6 I i a ~ ~ e n , 1991

1979,1990 1978-90 -7.6 E ~ K K ~ H , 1991 o-sa XaQ, M ~ H 1965,1990 1965-90 +1.5 (Dasepo u Cunsa, 1991 M. X ~ ~ M O H M 4r. 1964-1988 1964-88 +5.5 <]D~BF?Po M AP., 1991

Bug YY~CTOK rOflb1, B KOTOPbIe 6b1n~ Cpe~Hee TOFjOBOe HCTOY HMK n p e a c ~ a s n e ~ b ~ A ~ H H ~ I ~ M ~ M ~ H ~ H M C ?

l-OA % IIan ~ ~ C C K M ~ ~ M H ~ B M H Kpoae 1970,1985,1986 1970-86 -2.0 > K ~ B ~ H T ~ H M BaR~epc~upx, 1990

O-B X e p ~ 1952,1987 1952-87 +2.5 Yonep, 1991 0 - B C U ~ H M 1979-1992 1979-92 4-2-1 Kpo~cann M flp., H ~ O I T ~ ~ ~ M K . M. Xap~onu 6n. 1903-1988 1903-88 +5.4 QDasepo M ap., 1991

~ ~ ~ O T O B O ~ O C ~ I ~ Keprene~ 1962,1985 1962-85 44.7 ~ Y B ~ H T B H M BaRMepCKMpx, 1990 nMHrBMH

O-B Eiep~, K)m. reopr. 1958,1977 1958-77 4-9.7 Kpo~cann M IIpunc, 1990 1977-1992 1976-92 -0.7 Kpo~cann tI AP., Heony6~MK.

E Y B ~ T O ~ ~ S ~ J I . 1958-81 1958-81 +17.1 E ~ K K ~ H , 1991 1979-1990 1979-90 -0.9 E ~ ~ K K ~ H , 1991

C T ~ ~ H C T B Y I O ~ U ~ O-B Bepa, K)x. reopr. 1976-1992 1976-92 -1.0 Kpo~cann M ap., 1990 M ~eony6n. anb6aTp0~

O-B I I o B ~ ~ H , Kpo~e ~ J I . 1960-85 1960-85 -2.4 > I ( ~ B ~ H T ~ H M BaRMepcKMpx, 1990 O-B Komo~, Kpo3e 3r. 1964-1981 1964-8 1 -2.0 ~ Y B € ? H T ~ H M BafiMepCKMpx, 1990 Keprenen 1971,1985 1971-85 -5.7 ~ Y B ~ H T ~ H M BafiMepCKMpx, 1990 0 - B N~PMOH 7n. 1974-89 1974-91 -0.7 Am. Kynep, He0ny6nMK.

P ~ P H O ~ P O B ~ I ~ ~ Kpo3e 1978,1986,1987 1978-87 -3.1 ) ] K Y B ~ H T ~ H M Ba~MepcKMp~, 1990 anb6aTpoC

O-B E e p ~ , K)m. reopr. 1976-1989 1976-89 a . 8 II. A. IIPMHC M ap., neony6nu~. Ceporono~b~k O-B Eiep~, K)X. reopr. 1977-1990 1977-90 -1.8 II. A. IIPMHC M ap., Heony6~1MK. anb6aTpOc K ) > K H ~ I ~ ~ M ~ ~ H T C K M ~ M. > K ~ o J I o x M - ~ o ~ H T 1956-1984 1956-84 -5.5 X ~ B ~ H T ~ H M B ~ ~ ~ M ~ P C K M P X , 1990 ~ ~ ~ ~ B ~ C T H M K O-B r ~ r a ~ ~ e c 1956,1985 1956-85 -8.2 Y0nep M AXOHCTOH, 1991

O-B Xo~ep 1970,1988 1970-88 -7.8 Yonep M AXOHCTOH, 1991 o-sa QDpeRsep 1956,1983 1956-83 -2.1 Yonep M AXOHCTOH, 1991 O-B C W ~ H U 4r. 1937-1985 1937-85 -6.5 PYTC, 1988 O-B An~epc ?- 1992 19?-92 +? B. P. QDpeRaep, ~ e o n y 6 n ~ ~ . M. X ~ P M O H M 1965,1989 1965-89 a . 7 ( D ~ B ~ P o M ap, 1991 O-B M ~ ~ M O H 6n. 1985-1992 1985-92 -2.2 AX. Kynep, H ~ O I I Y ~ A M K .

O-B X e p ~ 1951,1988 1951-88 -1.9 Yonep, 1991

Bug YY BCTOK r0plb1, B KOTOPbIe 6b1n~ Cpefl~ee rOAOBOe HCTOY HMK ITpeACTaBJIeHbI AaHHbIe U3MeHeHMe

~ O A % CeBep~bIfi 0-B Bepg, K ) x H ~ ~ 1980-1985 1980-85 -7.0 > K Y B ~ H T ~ H I4 Bafi~epCKkipx, 1990 ~ H T ~ ~ K T H Y eCK~fi reopmifi ~ ~ ~ ~ B ~ C T H U K

Kpose 6n. 1973-1982 1973-82 d . 3 Xan~ep, 1984 0-B Mapuon 6n. 1985-1992 1985-92 4 . 1 A x . Kynep, H ~ O ~ ~ ~ J I H K .

A H T ~ ~ K T ~ Y eCKkifi 0-B Xa3~e~rn 1963,1979 1963-79 -1.8 Y0~rep 14 AXOHCTOH, 1991 rnynbIm

0-B Peyep 1981,1985 1981-85 +10.7 Yonep u AXOHCTOH, 1991 0-B BUHAMM~ 1962,1985 1962-84 +3.5 B ~ H ~ p a n e ~ e p u gp., 1990

AHT~PKTUY e c ~ ~ f i 0-B Xa3~enn 1962,1979 1962-79 -8.1 Y 0 ~ e p 14 AXOHCTOH, 1991 ~ ~ ~ ~ B ~ C T H M K

0-B Teyep 1981,1985 1981-85 -2.4 Yonep u AXOHCTOH, 1991 0-B BUHAMUJI 1962,1984 1962-84 +6.0 B ~ H (Dpane~ep u gp, 1990

Kanc~ufi rony6o~ 0-B Xmsenn 4r. 1957-1975 1957-79 -0.6 Yonep u AXOHCTOH, 1991 0-B BUH~MMJI 1962,1978,1984 1962-84 +10.0 san (Dpane~ep M gp., 1990 M. X ~ P M O H M 1965,1989 1965-89 +7.6 (Dasepo H AP., 1991

C ~ ~ ~ H T ~ ~ K T M Y ~ C K M ~ ~ 0 - B Eiepg, K ) x H ~ H 1959,1977,1981 1959-8 1 +3.8 I[PMHC M Kpo~cann, 1983 ~ O M O P H M K reopmn

0-B Curnu 1959-1966,1983 1959-83 +3.8 X ~ M M M H ~ C , 1984 A H T ~ ~ K T ~ Y ec~ufi 0-B An~epc 1974-1990 1974-90 +6.6 B. P (Dpefi3ep, H ~ O I I ~ ~ ~ M K . IIOMOPHMK A o ~ u n u ~ a n c ~ a a zrafi~a o-B Xa@ Nyn 1966,1991 1966-91 +2.5 Qasepo M Cunsa, 1991

M. X ~ P M O H M 1965,1989 1965-89 +8.1 (DIB~PO I.I AP., 1991 ro~1y6or~1mbrfi 6aK~ra~ 0 - B C U ~ H M 20~1. 1948-1981 1948-8 1 +6.0 ID[oy, 1984

0-B Xa@ Myn 1953,1991 1953-91 +7.2 (Dasepo u Cwnsa 1991 M. Xap~onu 1965,1989 1965-89 +3.4 (Dasepo M gp., 1991

HMEHA H AAPECA YPACTIMKOB

Balbino J. Alvarez Cotelo Instituto Antarctic0 Uruguay0 Buenos Aires 350 - Montevideo U ~ W ~ Y

Claudio A. Aguirre Instituto Antarctico Argentino Cenito 1248 Buenos Aires Argentina

Rudolf Bannasch, Member TU-Berlin/Bionik Ackersmsse 71-76 1000 Berlin 65 Germany Alejandxw R. Carlini Instituto Antarctico Argentino Calle 8, N: 1467 (1900) La Plata Argentina

John Cooper, Secretary Percy Fitzpatrick Institute of African Ornithology

University of Cape Town Rondebosch 7700 South Africa Nestor R. Coria Instituto Antarctico Argentino Cerrito 1248 Buenos W s Argentina

John P. Croxall, Chairperson British Antarctic Survey Madingley Road Cambridge CB3 OET United Kingdom Janet Dalziell Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition c/- Greenpeace Australia Private Bag 5 1 Balmain NSW 2041 Australia

Marco Favero Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata Lab. Vetebrados., Fac. Cs. Ex. y Naturales Funes 3350 (7600) Mar del Plata Argentina William R. Fraser Old Dominion University Department of Oceanography 830 Hunt Farm Road Long Lake Minnesota 55396 USA Enrique Marschoff Instituto Antarctiw Argentino Cenito 1248 Buenos Aires Argentina Michel Sallaberry A., Member Universidade de Chile Dept. Ecologia. Fac. Ciencias Casilla 653 Santiago Chile Zulma B. Stanganelli Instituto Antarctiw Argentino Calle 8, N: 1467 (1900) La Plata Argentina

Jan A. van Franeker Institute for Forestry and Nature Research (IBN-DLO)

Post Box 167 NL-1790 Den Burg (Texel) The Netherlands Daniel F. Vergani Instituto Antarctico Argentino Calle 8, N: 1467 (1900) La Plata Argentina

COCTOBHEIE AHTAPKTHPECKHX H CYBAHTAPKTH¶ECKHX MOPCKMX ITTm:

CBOAKA IIOJIY¶EEHO~ NH@OPMAqkIEI

CTpaHa M ~ C T O ~ O J I O X ~ H H ~ B ~ A P ~ K O B O ~ H T ~ A ~ A ~ ~ ~ H T H H ~ OCTPOB KHH~-AXOPAX mxHb1fi ~ U ~ ~ H T C K M ~ ~ H. P. Kopua

~ ~ ~ ~ B ~ C T H H K A ~ ~ ~ H T M H ~ ~ ~ J I M B X0yn ~ o ~ ~ T o K J I I O B H. P. Kopua ApreHTPiHa OCTPOB H~JI~coH, MbIC I I anyacc~uf i ~ H H ~ B H H M. O ~ B ~ P O

XapMOHki A ~ ~ ~ H T M H ~ OCTPOB HeJIbCoH, MbIC & ~ H ~ B M H rlMHCTpan M. a a B e p 0

X~PMOHM A ~ ~ ~ H T H H ~ OCTPOB HeJIbCoH, MbIC K ) x H ~ I ~ ~ W ~ ~ H T C K M ~ ~ M. OaBep0

X~PMOHM ~ ~ ~ ~ B ~ C T H H K ApreHTkiHa OCTPOB HeJIbcOH, MbIC K a n c ~ u f i ~ O J I ~ ~ O K M. Q > ~ B ~ P o

X~PMOHM A ~ ~ ~ H T u H ~ OCTPOB HeJIbcOH, MbIC I ? o J I ~ ~ o ~ J I ~ ~ ~ I R M. @ ~ B ~ P O

X~PMOHM ~ ~ K J ' I ~ H A ~ ~ ~ H T M H ~ OCTPOB H e n b c o ~ , MbIC AOMMHMK~HCK~H M. O ~ B ~ P O

X a p ~ o ~ u u a f i ~ a A ~ ~ ~ H T M H ~ OCTPOB H~JI~coH, MbIC A H T ~ ~ K T H ~ ~ ~ C K ~ S M. O ~ B ~ P O

X ~ ~ M O H M K p a Y K a A ~ ~ ~ H T M H ~ OCTPOB HeJIbCoH, MbIC ~ O ~ ~ T O K J I I ~ B M. O ~ B ~ P O

XapM0Hl-i A p r e ~ ~ u ~ a OCTPOB Ku~r-AXCOPAX IOxnbrZlt m r a ~ ~ c ~ u f i M. O a ~ e p o

~ o J I ~ o C T ~ O B n0TTep ~ ~ ~ ~ B ~ C T H H K ApreHTI-iHa OCTPOB K k i ~ r - A x o p ~ ( x B U J I ~ C O H O B ~ KarlypKa M. OaBep0

~ O J I ~ O C T ~ O B D O T T ~ ~ ApreHTEiHa OCTPOB KMH~-AXCOPAX AOMUHI.IK~HCK~W M. @ ~ B ~ P O

n o n y o c ~ p o ~ a o ~ ~ e p rlafina A ~ ~ ~ H T M H ~ OCTPOB KuH~-AXCOPAX A H T ~ ~ K T H Y ~ C K ~ S M. @ ~ B ~ P O

I I o n y o c ~ p o ~ I l o ~ ~ e p ~ p a r l a a A ~ ~ ~ H T u H ~ OCTPOB KHH~-AXCOPAX Cy6aHTap~~EirleC~kifi M. aaBep0

~ O J I ~ O C T ~ O B ~ O T T ~ P nOMOPHMK ApreHTLiHa OCTPOB KHH~-AXCOPAX A H T P ~ K T U ~ ~ ~ C K M ~ ~ M. O a ~ e p 0

~ O J I ~ O C T ~ O B n0TTep IlOMOPHMK A p r e n ~ k f n a OCTPOB KMHT-AXCOPAX ~ o ~ ~ T o K J I I O B M. O a ~ e p 0

~ O J I ~ O C T ~ O B H O T T ~ ~ A ~ ~ ~ H T M H ~ OCTPOB XaQ) MYH ~ I ~ H ~ B L ~ H rlUHCTpaIl M. OaBep0 ApreHTkiHa OCTPOB XaQ M ~ H K a n c ~ u f i r o n y 6 0 ~ M. <Da~epo A ~ ~ ~ H T M H ~ OCTPOB XaQ M ~ H B H J I ~ C O H O B ~ KarlypKa M. OaBep0 A ~ ~ ~ H T U H L OCTPOB Xa@ M ~ H ro~ry60r~ra3br2f M. O a ~ e p 0

6 a ~ n a n A ~ ~ ~ H T M H ~ OCTPOB Xa@ M ~ H AOMUHUK~XHCK~H M. O ~ B ~ P O

s a f i ~ a A ~ ~ ~ H T u H ~ OCTPOB XaQ My H A H T ~ ~ K T H ~ ~ ~ c K ~ S M. O a ~ e p 0

KpauKa ApreHTkiHa OCTPOB Xa$ M ~ H 30Il ~TOKJI IOB M. O ~ B ~ P O

H o p s e r H w H o p s e r u a Hopserwn

I

M e c ~ o n o n o x e ~ u e Bug P ~ K o B o # ~ T ~ J ' I ~

3anus A M ~ H A ~ H ~ n e p a ~ o p c r t u f i E. Am, Y o n e p IIUHl%UH

OCTPOB O C T ~ P k I M l T e p a ~ 0 p C ~ k i f i E. AX. Y 0 n e p nHHrBlUH

OCTPOB @ O J I ~ ~MIIepaTOpCKki f i E. AX. Y 0 ~ l e p nUHrBkiH

OCTPOB Opef i3ep , 3 e ~ n s K ) X C H M ~ ~ T U ~ ~ H T C K M ~ ~ E. Am. Y o n e p Y H ~ K C ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ B ~ C T H H K M a r c K n o a ~ M n e p a ~ O p C ~ k i f i E. AX. Y 0 n e p

SSkiHrBUH P ~ & o H Moyco~a ~ U H ~ B U H Aae3IX4 E. AX. Y 0 n e p ropa E~HCKO ntmrsun A a e n u E. A x . Yonep OCTPOB I l p ~ ~ n a ~ e f i m ~ IIHH~BUH A A ~ A U E. AX. Y 0 n e p ~ ~ J I M B np10~3 ~ H H ~ B M H A ~ e n u E. AX. Y 0 n e p OCTPOB P&yep ~ M H ~ B M H A f l e n u E. AX. Y0nep O C T ~ O B ~ PyKepLi IIHH~BMH AJleJIH E. AX. Y 0 n e p ~ ~ A H H K T e a n o p a k I ~ n e p a ~ 0 p c ~ k i f i E. Am. Y 0 ~ r e p

nUHrBUfi rpsl~b1 B~cT$oJI~A ~ U H ~ B M H A ~ e A k i E. A x . Y 0 ~ l e p O c ~ p o s a BHHAMHA ITHH~BHH A g e n u E. Am. Y o n e p

C T P ~ H ~ M ~ c T o ~ o J I o x ~ H U ~ B"?! P ~ K O B O A M T ~ J I ~ ~ O X H ~ S OCTPOB r 0 @ XOxnaTbIfi XIUHrBUH AX. K y n e p A Q p U K a ~ X H ~ H OCTPOB TO@ C T ~ ~ H C T B Y I O ~ U ~ ~ A x . K Y ~ ~ P A Q p k i ~ a ~ J I ~ ~ ~ T P O C K ) X H ~ S OCTPOB r0Q) ~ ~ J ' I T o K A I O B M ~ ~ A x . K y n e p A Q p n ~ a ~ J I ~ ~ ~ T P O C ~ X H ~ S OCTPOB r0Q) H)xHbIfi ~ ) M ~ ~ H T c K u ~ ~ A x . K y n e p A Q p u ~ a ~ ~ ~ ~ B ~ c T H U K ~ X H ~ B OCTPOB r 0 @ C y 6 M i T a p K ~ b i Y e C K ~ AX. K y n e p A Q p u ~ a noh#opHkiK ~ O X H ~ S OCTPOB M ~ P M O H ~ ~ T ~ ~ o H c K U ~ ~ A x . K y n e p A Q p u ~ a IIUHrBUH H ) X H ~ S OCTPOB M ~ P M O H ~OJIOTOBOJIOC~I~~ A x I c . K W ~ P A Q p u ~ a nUHI-BUH f 0 ~ H a S l OCTPOB M a p U o H XOxJIaTb1fi HUHrBUH A x . K y n e p A Q p u K a K ) x H ~ % OCTPOB M ~ P M O H C T ~ ~ H C T B Y I O ~ M ~ ~ A x . K V ~ P A Q p k i ~ a anb6a~poc f 0 x n a s r OCTPOB M ~ P M O H C e p o r o n o ~ b ~ f i A x . K w e p A Q p u ~ a a~1b6aTpoC ~ X H ~ S OCTPOB M a p k i o ~ C e ~ e p ~ b ~ f i A x . K W ~ P A @ p u ~ a ~ U ~ ~ H T C K U ~ ~

6ypeBeCTHkiK H ) x ~ a c r OCTPOB M ~ P M O H K ) m ~ b ~ f i m r a n ~ c ~ u f i AX. K y n e p A Q p u ~ a ~ ~ ~ ~ B ~ C T H H K K)xH~SI T ~ U C T ~ H - A ~ - K ~ H ~ % ~ ~ J I T o K A I O B ~ I ~ ~ A x . K Y ~ ~ P A Q p b i ~ a anb6a~poc

~ I C ~ ~ H U R OCTPOB A e c e n m ~ I I U H ~ B H H YUHCTpaiI A x . M o p e n o

C O ~ A U H ~ H H O ~ K ) X H ~ % r e 0 p r ~ a ~ ~ T ~ ~ O H C K H ~ ~ A x . II. K p o ~ c a n n K o p o n e ~ c ~ ~ o IIUHrBUH C O ~ A U H ~ H H O ~ OCTPOB C U ~ H U ~ U H ~ B U H A4en1.i A x . II. K p o ~ c a n n K O ~ O J I ~ B C T B O C O ~ A M H ~ H H O ~ OCTPOBCU~HU I I U H ~ B U H Y UHCTPan AX. II. K p o ~ c a n n K O ~ O J I ~ B C T B O C O ~ A M H ~ H H O ~ OCTPOB C U ~ H M IIanyaCCKUfi IIUHrBluH AX. a. K p o ~ c a n n K O ~ O J I ~ B C T B O C O ~ A M H ~ H H O ~ OCTPOB E e p ~ , K ) X H ~ S IIanyacc~~fi ~ U H ~ B U H AX. a. K p o ~ c a n n KO~OJX~BCTBO r e O p r U 9 C O ~ A M H ~ H H O ~ OCTPOB &pa, K ) x H ~ % ~ O J I O T O B O J I O C ~ I ~ ~ AX. II. K p o ~ c a ~ n K O ~ O J I ~ B C T B O re0prUS.I IIUHrBUH C O ~ A M H ~ H H O ~ OCTPOB k p ~ , ~ O X H ~ % C T P ~ H C T B Y I O ~ U ~ ~ A x . II. KpoKcaJ In K O ~ O A ~ B C T B O re0prl-i~ anb6a~poc C O ~ J @ ~ H ~ H H O ~ OCTPOB &PA, m ~ H a % %3pH06pOBb1fi A x . II. K p o ~ c a n n K O ~ O A ~ B C T B O reoprkis anb6a~poc C O ~ A ~ ~ H ~ H H O ~ OCTPOB E e p ~ , K ) X H ~ S C e p o r o n ~ ~ b ~ f i AX. n. K p o ~ c a n n K O ~ O J I ~ B C T B O reOprU53 anb6a~poc

CBOAKA COCTOSIEHSI H H A I I P A B J I ~ PA3BHTWR AHTAPKTHPECKHX H

CYEAHTAPKTH¶ECKkIX MOPCKHX I I T a IIO BHAAM

H ~ n e p a ~ o p c ~ u i i I IMH~BMH (Aptenodytes forstet+)

C ~ ~ ~ C T B ~ H H O ~ COKPanjeHMe IIOllyJISuUM H a MbICe >K~oJIoxM-IIo~~HT H e

COI'JIaCyeTCS C MMeIOqMMMCS ( ~ e c b ~ a o ~ ~ ~ H M Y ~ H H ~ I M M ) AaHHbIMM i I 0 APYrMM

YYaCTKaM pa3MHOXeHMS. C o ~ p a n j e H M e H a MbICe >K~oJIoxM-IIo~~HT O ~ ~ I U H O OTHOCMJIM

K M3MeHSIOaMMCS YCJIOBMSM ~ M ~ M Y B C K O ~ ~ O K P Y X ~ I O ~ ~ R CpeAbI IIO OTHOIIIeHMIO K

M ~ C T H O ~ ~ I I p M p O a e KOJIOHMM M/MJIM K OXBaTy MOPCKMM JIbAOM M AHeM pa3JIOMa JIbAa

( > K Y B ~ H T ~ H M AP., 1984; ) K Y B ~ H T ~ H M Bafi~epc~upx, 1991) . OY~BMAHO, YTO

XeJIaTeJIbHO IIPOBOAUTb AOJIrOCpOYHbIe MCCJIeAOBaHMS C eXerOAHbIMM IIOACYeTaMM

ApyrMX pa3MHOXaIOQMXCS lIoIIyJISI.&Mfi. Eb1JI0 OTMeYeHO, YTO B HeAaBHee BpeMS

A B C T ~ ~ J I M S H a Y a n a noao6ny10 pa6o~y.

~ . T ~ ~ O H C K M ~ ~ IIMHrBMH (Aptenodytes patag0niCU~)

P M C J I ~ H H O C T ~ nonynrruuR IIpOAOJIXaeT CyqeCTBeHHO B03PaCTaTb H a BCeX

YYaCTKaX pa3MHOXeHMS, IIO KOTOPbIM MMeIOTCW AaHHbIe ( I O X H ~ S r e o p I T f S , Kpo3e,

Keprene~, Xep~, M a ~ y o p M ) . H ~ M M ~ H ~ I I I H ~ ~ pOCT H ~ ~ J I I O A ~ ~ T C S I H a OCTPOBe Mapuon.

IIpMYMHb1 POCTa H e YCTaHOBJIeHbI. B TO BpeMS KaK I I e p ~ o H a Y a J I b H b ~ f i POCT H a

HeKOTOPbIX YrlaCTKaX BO3MOXHO SBJISJICS pea~I&Mefi H a 3KCIIJIyaTiLuUIO YeJIOBeKOM B

Ter leHUe XIx M HaYaJIe XX BeKOB, MaJIOBepOSTHO, YTO IIOIIyJISuMM A 0 CMX IIOp

"BOCCT~H~BJIMB~IOTCS" B H a C T O S q e e BPeMH. K p o ~ e TOrO, AOKa3aTeJIbCTBa 0

( P ~ K T U Y ~ C K O M BMemaTeJIbCTBe rleJIOBeKa H a HeCKOJIbKMX M 3 YYLCTKOB JIM60 BeCbMa

cna6b1, nu60 H e Cym(eCTBy10T BOBCe. T ~ K H M O~PZUOM POCT rlHCJIeHH0CTI.I BepOSTHee

B c e r o o T p a x a e T ynyr ImeHMe HaaMrIMsi KopMa, B O C O ~ ~ H H O C T M M M K T O ~ M A .

Hau6onbmee KOJIMYeCTBO AaHHbIX MMeeTCS I I 0 MOPIO P O C C ~ (B O C O ~ ~ H H O C T M

MbICa E e p ~ ) . 3 ~ e c b , rlMCJIeHHOCTb KoJIoHM~~ BOBMOXHO C O K p q a J I a C b A 0 1 9 7 0 - b 1 ~ ,

OCTaBaJIaCb C T ~ ~ M J I ~ H O ~ ~ B TerleHMI.1 CJIeAyIOQeI-0 AeCSTMJIeTMS M, ~ ~ ~ ~ C J ' I O B H O ,

CyIQeCTBeHHO BO3pOCTaJIa C 1982-83 I T . ¶TO KaCaeTCS BCeX OCTaJIbHbIX Y a c ~ e f i

AHT~PKTMA~I , OrpaHMYeHHbIe AaHHbIe SBHO yKa3bIBaIOT H a C T ~ ~ M J I ~ H O C T ~

nonynaquu, no ~ p a Z f ~ e Q M e p e B 1980-brx ro~ax , MJIM H a p o c ~ B nepMoA c K o H q a

1950-bIX A 0 CepeAMHbI 1 9 8 O - b 1 ~ ( ~ a l l p . , Y 0 J I e p I4 AP., 1991), MJIM B KOHiJe 1980-~IX rr. Ha YYaCTKaX, PaCIIOJIOXeHHbIX H a A H T ~ ~ K T M Y ~ C K O M IIOJIyOCTpOBe M 6 ~ 1 u 3 ~ 1 e x a . q ~ ~

OCTpOBHbIX r p y n I I a X , OYeBMAHOCTb POCTa B IIepMOA C 1950-bIx A 0 KOHqa 1970-bIX

rOAOB HeCOMHeHHa. B n o c J I e ~ c ~ s u u , B 3aBMCMMOCTU OT YYaCTKa, YMCJIeHHOCTb

n o n y J I a u M R n ~ 6 o KoJIe6aJIacb 3HaYMTeJIbH0, HO B UeJIOM OCTaBaJIaCb C T ~ ~ H J I ~ H O ~ ,

J I M ~ O COKpaTMJIaCb H a MeCTaX. H ~ K O T O P ~ I ~ ~ C n a A BO3MOXHO llPOMCXOAMJI 143-3a

BMeIUaTeJIbCTBa YeJIOBeKa, HO C O K P ~ e H M S IIOIIYJISIiJMM H a MHOrUX YYaCTKaX ( ~ a l l p .

p a a 0 ~ OCTpOBa A ~ ~ e p c ) H e MOrJIM 6 b 1 ~ b BbI3BaHbI JIMIIIb 3~0a I I ~ U Y U H O ~ .

~ ~ ~ ~ A C T ~ B J I S ~ T C S I , YTO H a OCTpOBe E Y B ~ nMHI%MHbI AAenM pa3MHOXaIOTCS TOJIbKO

CIIOpaAMYeCKH. TO H ~ ~ J I I O A ~ J I O C ~ H a T p e X Mi3 iISTM nocewe~ufi ( ~ K K ~ H , 1991) .

k I 3 ~ e ~ e ~ M a B IIOnyJISL&MM IIMHrBMHa AAeJIM B03MOXHO XOpOIUO COOTHOCsTCS C

M3MeHeHMSMM B @ U ~ M Y ~ C K O ~ 0KpylKaIOI4efi CpeAe, B YaCTHOCTM JIeAOBOrO nOKpOBa

( K ~ o K c ~ J I J I M AP., 1988; <Dpea3ep M AP., 1992) , HO 3TM B3aMMOCBS3M H e 0 6 ~ 1 3 a ~ e J I b ~ 0

aBJlSIOTCS HenOCpe~CTBeHHbIMM.

~ ~ U H ~ B U H . q u H c T p a n (Pygoscelis antarctica)

AJIa IIepMOAa C 1950-b1X A 0 CepeAkiHbI 1 9 7 0 - b 1 ~ rOAOB B OCHOBHOM 6b1~11-i

XapaKTepHbI CyweCTBeHHbIe yBeJIMYeHMS p a 3 M e p a nOlTyJI5I~MM (HZ% 6onee

MHTeHCUBHOM YPOBHe n O CpaBHeHMIO C IIMHrBMHOM AAeJIu). C TeX n O p ~OJI~IUUHCTBO

OrpaHMYeHHOrO KOJIMYeCTBa MMeIOwMXCS AaHHbIX yKa3bIBaeT H a CyweCTBeHHbIe

K o J I ~ ~ ~ H M s I MJIM, B JIyYEIeM CJIyYae, BeCbMa I ' I o H M x ~ H H ~ I ~ TeMn IIOCTOSHHOrO POCTa.

A o K ~ ~ ~ T ~ J I ~ c T B 3aCeJIeHMSI HOBbIX YYaCTKOB, T a K X e KaK M 3HaYMTeJIbHOrO

y B e n u v e H u a H a rpaHHiJe A u a n a 3 o H a p a 3 M H o x e H M n BMAa, H e MMeeTca. C o ~ p a . q e ~ ~ n

YMCJIeHHOCTM H a HeKOTOPbIX YYaCTKaX noxanyR MOXHO OTHeCTM K BMeIUaTeJIbCTBy

YeJIOBeKa, XOTS AaHHbIe no OCTPOBY E Y B ~ I I O A O ~ H ~ I M 0 6 ~ ~ 3 0 ~ 06bSic~M~b HeJIb3S.

Ha K O A ~ ~ ~ H M S nonynsqkik IIMHrBMHOB YMHCTpan HeCOMHeHHO IIOBAMSIJIM M3MeHeHMS

B + M ~ M Y ~ C K O ~ ~ o ~ p y x a m n ( e i 4 cpeAe ( K p o ~ c a a n u ~ p . , 1988; UjpeZtaep M AP., 19921, HO

BJIM5iHMe B03MOXHO 6b1JIo MeHbIUMM, YeM B CJIyYae C nMHrBMHaMM AAeJIu M C ewe

6onee He3HaYMTeJIbHbIMM IIPOCTbIMM KOPpeJISIqMaMM.

IIaIIyaccKMfi n M H r s m (Pygoscelispapua)

TOT BMA IIOKa3bIBaeT HaM60JIbm[kie MeXrOAOBbIe K o J I ~ ~ ~ H M S IIOIIyJISI~MM

( B ~ I ~ B ~ H H ~ I ~ B KaK0fi-TO ( ~ H ~ Y M T ~ J I ~ H o ~ ~ ? ) M e p e er0 PaHHMM IIepBbIM

B O C ~ ~ ~ O M ~ B O A C T B O M ) B P O A e Pygoscelis. Ansr ~ A ~ K B ~ T H O ~ ~ AeMOHCTpaQMM KaK0fi-JIM60

C M C T ~ M ~ T M Y ~ C K O ~ ~ TeHAeHqUM MMeeTCSI OK'PaHMrleHHOeKOJIMrleCTBO AaHHbIX.

~ ~ [ O ~ T O M Y B 0 6 1 q e ~ , CrlMTaeTCSI, YTO lIOlTYJISI4UM OCTaBUIMCb C T ~ ~ U A ~ H ~ I M U MJIM,

B03MOXH0, B03PaCTaJIM (B IIpOIUAOM UJIU B H~CTO-eh4) H a HeCKOJIbKMX YYaCTKaX

(HaIIp., OCTPOB HeJIbcoH, OCTPOB AP~J IM, OCTPOB CMlWM M OCTPOB &PA).

~ ~ J I o T o B o J I o c ~ ~ ~ ~ IIMHrBMH (Eudyptes ch?y~OlOphU~)

AaHHbIe IIO ~ X H O ~ re0prMM M B y ~ e IIOKa3bIBaIOT, YTO IIOCJIe CYIqeCTBeHHOrO

POCTa B IIePMOA A 0 1970-b1x rOAOB U B03MOXHOrO CIlaAa H a m X H 0 f i re0prMM B

HaYaJIe 1 9 8 0 - b 1 ~ rOAOB, YMCJIeHHOCTb IIOIIYJISI4MM B HaCTO-ee BpeMSI AOCTaTOYHO

c ~ a 6 u n b n a . noIIyJISIL(MI4 H a OCTpOBe M a p M 0 H IIpeACTaBJISIOTCSI OTHOCMTeJIbHO

C T ~ ~ U J I ~ H ~ I M U .

X o x J I a ~ b I f i IIMHrBMH (Eudyptes C ~ ~ S O C O ~ ~ )

C T ~ ~ H C T B Y I O I ~ M ~ ~ a J I b 6 a ~ p o c (Diomedea eXlAla?t~)

C o o 6 1 q e n ~ s 0 COKprneHMM YMCJIeHHOCTM IIOIIyJISIqMM IIOCTyIIMJIM CO BCeX

YYaCTKOB pa3MHOXeHMSI, IIO KOTOPbIM MMeIOTCSI AOCTaTOYHbIe AaHHbIe. no OCTpOBaM

Kpo3e MMeIOTCS AaHHbIe 0 I I O H M X ~ H H O ~ ~ MHTeHCMBHOCTM c I I ~ A ~ / c T ~ ~ M J I u ~ ~ I J , z . ~ u , HO

3 T 0 H e OTHOCMTCSI K ~ X H O ~ re0pI'l-i~. IIo6o~~aw CMePTHOCTb, CBSI3aHHaSI C

SIpyCHbIM IIpOMbICJIOM, B03MOXHO SIBJISIeTCSI ~ i t ~ 0 f i C Y I ~ ~ C T B ~ H H O ~ ~ I I ~ M Y M H o ~ ~

COKpanIeHUSI IIOnyJISIUMU ( K ~ o K c ~ J I J I U UP., 1984; . W ( Y B ~ H T ~ H M UP., 1984;

* ' A M C T ~ ~ A ~ M C K M # ' a J I b 6 a T p o c (Diomedea amsterdamensis)

C~a6unbnas MJIM enema ~03pac~amqa~ c o s e H b H ~ K U X ypo~nefi nonynnqus

(XYBBHTBH M Ap., 19891, YTO YaCTUYHO CB(13aHO C llepeMeIqeHMeM KpynHOrO

P O r a T O r O CKOTa M n0CJIeAyK)IqMM BOCCTaHOBJIeHMeM MeCT pa3MHOXeHMSI.

P e p ~ o 6 p o ~ b 1 f i anb6a~poc (Diomedea melanophris)

P M C J I ~ H H O C T ~ nOIIyJISII.&MM 3TOI"O BMAa COKpa4aJIaCb H a OCTpOBaX Kpoae,

BO3MOXHO BO3pOCTaJIa H a OCTpOBe X e p ~ B nepMOA M e X A y f 9 5 0 - b 1 ~ M M 1 9 8 0 - b l ~ M

r o A a M u , ti, B OCHOBHOM, O c T a B a n a c b C T ~ ~ M J I ~ H O ~ ~ H a o c T p o B e Eeppl , IOxnaa reoprm,

r A e CnaAbI B HeKOTOPbIX KOJIOHMSIX KOMIIeHCUPYHITCSI POCTOM B APYrMX (IIPMHC M

Ap., HeOnyJIMK. A ~ H H ~ I ~ ) . TO, YTO JIOKaJIbHaSI IIPOMbICJIOBaSI AeSITeJIbHOCTb MOrJIa

IIOBJIHSITb H a POCT llOIIYASII.&MM ( Y e p e 3 YJIyYmeHMe B O ~ M O X H O C T ~ ~ ~ no~6opa K O ~ M ~ ) , a

TaKXCe H a ee C n a A ( Y e p e 3 I'IO~OYHYH, C M ~ ~ T H O C T ~ ) 3aTpyaHSIeT MHTepI'IpeTaI.&MIO

COCTOSIHMSI 3TOTO BMAa.

C e p o r o n o ~ b r f i a J I b 6 a T p o c (Diomedea chrysostoma)

C y I q e ~ ~ 3 e H H b I f i C n a A H a OCTpOBe E e p ~ C 1975 r. BO BCeX KOJIOHMSIX ( I I ~ M H c M

AP., H ~ O ~ ~ ~ J I M K . AaHHbIe). ~ P M Y M H ~ I H e YCTaHOBJIeHbI, HO BepOSITHOCTb TOrO, YTO 3 T 0

Bb13BaHO nPOMbICJIOM MeHbme, YeM B CJIyYae C APYrMMM BMAaMM a ~ r b 6 a T p o c a H a

m X H 0 f i reoprMM, n0CKOJIbKY C ~ P O ~ O J I O B ~ I ~ ~ a~b6a~poc O ~ ~ I ~ H O H e aCCOI.&HMpyeTCSI C

np0MbICJIOBbIMM CyAaMM. ~oIT~JISIQMM H a OCTpOBe Mapuo~, H a KOTOPbIX npOBOAMJICSI

YYeT B TeYeHMM CeMM JIeT B IIepMOA C 1974 no 1991 r., ITOABeprJIMCb 3HaYUTeJIbHbIM

K o J I ~ ~ ~ H M S I M , HO Y ~ T K o ~ ~ TeHfieH4UM H e O ~ H ~ P Y X M B ~ ~ T C S I ( A x . Kynep, JIMYH, 3 a ~ e Y . ) .

OCTpOBaX Kpoae SBJISeTCS c I ' I o ~ H o ~ ~ ( B y a 3 a ~ , 1988; E p e ~ a H b o J I M Ap., 1991; by ma^,

1991). ~ 0 n y J I S q M M H a BCeX KOHTUHeHTaJIbHbIX YYaCTKaX yMeHbmaIOTC9. Ha

A H T P ~ K T H ~ I ~ C K O M nOJIYOCTPOBe CMTYaYMS CJIOXHee. Ha HeKOTOpbIX Id3 y Y aCTKOB BMA

n p e a c T a B n a e T c s C T ~ ~ M J I ~ H ~ I M ( ~ a n p . , OCTPOB Henbcon, ( Q T a ~ e p o M ~ p . , 1991) , OCTPOB

X O ~ H C 1981/82 r. (A. Bepra~u, JIMYH. 3aMeY.), 3 U U B I I o T T ~ ~ Koy~, OCTPOB KMHr-

Axop~x , (H. KOPMS, JIMYH. 3aMeY.)). Ha HeKOTOpbIX ApyiWX YYaCTKaX iIpOMCXOAMJI

c y ~ l q e c ~ ~ e ~ ~ b ~ f i C n a A (HaIIp., OCTPOB C M ~ H M (PYTC, 198811, HO H a OCTpOBe Ansepc

nOIIyJISqMS BO3pOCJIa 3HaYMTeJIbHO B nOCJIeAHMe ABa F(eCSTMJIeTM9 (B.P. @pefi3ep,

JIMYH. 3aMeY.). B M ~ I I I ~ T ~ J I ~ c T B O VeJIOBeKa MOXeT OKmbIBaTb HeCOMHeHHOe BJIMmMe

H a 3TOT BMA, HO CiIaAbI IIpOMCXOaST M H a TeX YYaCTKaX, rue BepOSTHOCTb TOTO, VTO

3TO SBJISeTCS (P~KTOPOM, BeCbMa MaJla. T a K x e BepOSTHO, YTO n 0 6 0 ~ ~ a ~ CMePTHOCTb

BJlMSeT H a 3TOT ~ C C O ~ U M P Y ~ M ~ I ~ ~ C CyAaMM BMa, B O C O ~ ~ H H O C T M B

C ~ ~ ~ H T ~ ~ K T U ~ I ~ C K H X p a f i 0 H a x .

C e ~ e p ~ b r f i r u r a n ~ c ~ u i i 6 y p e ~ e c ~ ~ 1 - i ~ (Macronectes halli)

A o J I ~ o c ~ o ~ H ~ I ~ AaHHbIe n o A H T ~ P K T M Y ~ C K O M Y rJIYiIbImY Fulrnarus glacialoides M CHeXHOMy 6 y p e ~ e c ~ H M K y Pagodroma nivea, 0 6 k i ~ a I O ~ M h 4 H a MbICe X(~OJIOXM-IIO~~HT,

3eMJIS A A ~ J I M (BafiMepcKMpx, 1990; X(YB€?HT~H M B a f i ~ e p c ~ ~ p x , 1991; P ~ c T ~ J I U AP., B

IIerlra~M) yKa3bIBaIOT H a CyWeCTBeHHbIe MeXrOAOBbIe K o J I ~ ~ ~ H M S B IIOIIYJIS4UM, HO 6e3

YeTKMX T ~ H A ~ H U M ~ 38 IIOCJIeAHMe 30 JIeT. A ~ H H ~ I ~ IT0 3TMM BMAaM C ApyrIlrX

YYaCTKOB M BCe AaHHbIe IIO KanCKOMy r0~1y6~y M aHTaPKTMYeCKOMY ~ Y ~ ~ B ~ C T H M K Y ,

Daption capense M Thalassoica antarctica H e A o c T a T o q r i o n 0 A p 0 6 H b 1 npM

PaCCMOTPeHMM H a 3TOM ( P o H ~ AJIS U ~ T K O Q AeMOHCTpaqMM K~KMX-JIM60 ki3MeHeHMfi B

nonynaquu. Ijoaee T o r o , y q e T b r p a 3 M H o m a m q u x c r r sac~efi nonynaqcrfi M e n K u x

~ Y P ~ B ~ C T H M K O B B O C O ~ ~ H H O C T U CMJIbHO 3aBMCST OT BpeMeHU IIpOBeAeHMS YYeTa

(AX. BaH O p a H e K e p , JIMVH, 3aMeY.). ~ ~ O J I ~ ~ U H C T B O AaHHbIX H e MMeeT 3 ~ 0 f i

M H ( P O P M ~ ~ M M M II03TOMY IIPMCYTCTBYeT ~ o I I o J I H M T ~ ~ I ~ H ~ I ~ ~ MCTOYHMK

BapMaTUBHOCTM. POCT p a 3 M e p a IIOIIyJI9qMfi BCeX YeTbIpeX BMAOB H a OCTpOBaX

BMHAMMJI B n e p M o A c 1960 no 1984 rr, n p o c T o o T p a x c a e T pacmupenue o x s a T a M

TOYHOCTb YYeTOB, a H e 03HaYaeT KaKOrO 6b1 TO HM ~ ~ I J I O M3MeHeHMa B YMCJIeHHOCTM

nonynaquu ( B ~ H Q p a ~ e ~ e p M ~ p . , 1990).

0 6 u ~ a m l q u e B H o p a x 6 y p e s e c ~ ~ ~ ~ u (Procellaridae, Hydmbatidae, Pelecanoididae)

B ~ I B O A ~ I IIpeAbIAywerO o63opa OCTaIoTCS ~ ~ ~ ~ C T B M T ~ J I ~ H ~ I M M . TO eCTb,

HeCMOTp% H a HeAOCTaTOK TOYHbIX AaHHbIX, pa3MepbI nonynaqufi BMAOB 3TMX rpynll

B 3HaYkiTeJIbH0fi M e p e YMeHbIiIMJIMCb B pafi0~e C ~ ~ U I T ~ ~ K T M Y ~ C K M X OCTPOBOB, rAe

O ~ U T ~ I O T OAUYaBILIMe 3aHeCeHHbIe XMBOTHbIe. B 3TOM KOHTeKCTe, OAHMM M 3

K p y I I ~ e f i m M x ~ O C T U X ~ H H ~ ~ B o6nac~u OXpaHbI C ~ ~ ~ H T ~ ~ K T U Y ~ C K ~ ~ X OCTPOBOB 6b1no

H e A a s n e e y A a n e n u e H)xnoZlr AQpu~oZlr c o c T p o s a Mapuon oausasmux KomeK. 3 ~ o

npuseno K POCTY p e n p o a y K T M B H o r o ycnexa no Kpafi~ei-4 M e p e T p e x BMAOB X M B Y ~ M X

B HOpaX ~ Y ~ ~ B ~ C T H M K O B ( K y n e p M @ypM, 1992; AX. Kynep, JIMYH. 3 a ~ e Y . ) . C J I ~ ~ Y ~ T

HaCTOSTeJIbHO PeKOMeHAOBaTb llpOBeAeHMe no~o6~of i llpaKTMKM I4 APYlWM

CTpaHaM.

M ~ C T H ~ I ~ CllaAbI B YMCJIeHHOCTM IIOITyJISl(MU XMBYT[IMX B HOPaX

~ Y ~ ~ B ~ C T H M K O B (B OCO~BHHOCTM "rony6oroW 6 y p e B e c ~ H M K a Halobaena C U ~ ~ U ~ U M

aHTapKTMYeCKOr0 npMOHa Pachyptila desolata) H a H ) X H O ~ re0prMM 6b1nu BbI3BaHbI

pa3pymeHMeM MX MeCT pa3MHOXeHMa aHTapKTMYeCKMM MOPCKMM KOTMKOM

Arctocephalus gazella (II. A. IIpunc M ~ p . , neony6n1-i~. A ~ H H ~ I ~ ) .

C Y ~ ~ C T B ~ H H ~ S MeXrOAOBaS M3MeHYMBOCTb BPeMeHM Pa3MOXeHMR M p a 3 M e p a

nOllyJISqMM 3 T O r 0 BMAa A e n a e T n p 0 q e C C 0qeHKI-i ~ ~ K O H O M ~ ~ H O C T ~ ~ ~ pa3BUTMa

lTOlly3IS~UI-i BeCbMa TPYAHbIM. T ~ M H e MeHee, Cym(eCTByloT HBHbIe npM3HaKM

IlOCTeIIeHHOI-0 AOJIrOCpOYHOrO POCTa H a OCTpOBaX XaQ M ~ H , H ~ A ~ C O H M C U ~ H M , YTO

MOXeT yKa3bIBaTb H a o61qym TeHAeHqMIO B 3TOM p a f i 0 H e .

C ~ ~ ~ H T ~ ~ K T U U ~ C K ~ IIOMOPHMK (Cathara~ta lonnbergi)

OpeRsep, JIUYH. 3aMeY.). O A H ~ K O CO BpeMeHU IlOCJreAHerO o63opa HOBbIX AaHHbIX H e

n o c T y n a n o .

A H T ~ ~ K T U Y ~ C K U R IIOMOpHUK (Catharacta maccormicki)

E~IJIO nOJIyYeHO JIMmb ~e6onbmoe KOJIMrIeCTBO HOBbIX AaHHbIX, n ~ 6 0 no

U3MeHeHMSIM B IXOnYJIRqMSIX H a CBSI3aHHbIX C 6a3a~u KOHTMHeHTUIbHbIX YYaCTKaX

( c n a ~ b ~ H a Mbrce X U J I ~ T ( X a p n e p AP., 19641, nu60 no p o c ~ y H a Mbrce Xeo~oxu-

~ O R H T ( X ~ B ~ H T ~ H M ~ p . , 1984)), au60 no poc~y u pacmMpeHMm apeaaa H a

A H T ~ ~ K T H Y ~ C K O M IIOJIyOCTpOBe ( ~ ~ M M M H ~ C 1984). H ~ c M o T ~ S I H a TO, Y TO HeKOTOpbIe

M3MeHeHUSI MOrYT 6b1Tb OTHeCeHbI K PaCIUMpeHUKI B O ~ M O X H O C T ~ ~ 1 1 0 ~ 6 M p a T b

O T ~ ~ O C ~ I y 6a3, 3 T 0 H e O ~ ~ S I C H S I ~ T KpynHOrO YBeJIUYeHUSI H a OCTpOBe A ~ ~ e p c , rp(e

O T ~ ~ O C O B H e UMeJIOCb C 1979 r. (B. P. Q>peZf3ep, JIUYH. 3aMeY.). CO BpeMeHU nepBbIX

YYeTOB B 1976 r. YMCJreHHOCTb 3HaYUTeJIbHO BO3pOCJIa B paR0~e 3aJIMBa

A A M M ~ ~ J I T M - B ~ R . ~ o T ~ H ~ M ~ J I ~ H o ~ B O ~ A ~ R C T B U ~ O T ~ ~ O C O B HeJIb3SI H e nPMHMMaTb BO

BHMMaHMe B O O ~ W ~ , XOTSI BCe YYaCTKM, r A e BCTpeYaIoTCSI 06a BMAa KIOMOPHUKOB,

aHTapKTMYeCKMe n0MOPHUKM 0 6 b l i l ~ 0 0TCTpaHSIH)TCSI 0 T UCTOYHUKa nMWU UX 6oaee

KpynHbIMM C O ~ P ~ T ~ S I M M . T ~ K H M O~PZGOM, 3TOT POCT B03MOXHO O T p a X a e T

eCTeCTBeHHbIe, a H e BbI3BaHHbIe rIeJIOBeKOM, M3MeHeHMSI (B. 3. T p ~ ~ e m u c , JIMYH.

3a~er1.1.

A O M M H U K ~ H C K ~ H saR~a (Larus dominicanus)

Y B ~ J I U Y ~ H M ~ YUCJIeHHOCTU H a OCTPOBaX H ~ J I ~ c o H U KuH~-AXOPAX MOXeT

6blTb OTHeCeHO K BO3POCIIIeMY HaJIMrlUIO OT~POCOB. P U C J I ~ H H O C T ~ B paR0~e OCTpOBa

A ~ ~ e p c , r A e OT~POCOB HeT, OCTUIaCb C T ~ ~ M J I ~ H O R (B. P. Opek3ep, JIUYH. 3aMeY.).

A H T ~ ~ K T M ~ ~ ~ C K ~ S M K e p r e n e ~ c ~ a ~ KparIKu (Sterna vittata u S. virgata)

~ o ~ ~ T o K J I ~ ~ B (Chionis alba)

P U C J I ~ H H O C T ~ lTOnyJISqUU OCTaBUaCb C T ~ ~ U J I ~ H O ~ ~ B T e Y e H U e lIOCJIeAHer0

AeC9TUJIeTUS B 3aJIUBe X O Y ~ @f. P. K o p u a , JIUYH. 3 a ~ e Y . 1 , eAUHCTBeHHOM YYaCTKe, no KOTOPOMY UMeeTCSi KaKOe-TO KOJIUYeCTBO U H @ O ~ M ~ L J U U no 3TOMY BUAY.