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Cochrane Incontinence Specialised Register

Search strategies used in

Electronic bibliographic databases and

Clinical trials registries and platforms

Archived search strategies from the Group’s module which was published in the Cochrane Library

Covering from inception of the Register in 1994 to December 2017 inclusive

Content of this document Please find below details of the search strategies used to develop the Group’s Specialised Register from inception of the Register in 1994 to the end of December 2017. For details of the most recently run searches please see the Specialised Register pages of the Cochrane Incontinence website. The searches were run in the following electronic bibliographic databases on a number of different platforms as availability changed over the years.

MEDLINE

MEDLINE In-Process

MEDLINE Epub Ahead of Print

CENTRAL

CINAHL The search strategies used in the following clinical trials results registers and platforms are

given at the bottom of this document.

ClinicalTrials.gov

WHO ICTRP

UK Clinical Research Network Portfolio

Electronic bibliographic databases The searches were run in the following electronic bibliographic databases on a number of different platforms as availability changed over the years. Full details for each database are given below.

MEDLINE

MEDLINE In-Process

MEDLINE Epub Ahead of Print

CENTRAL

CINAHL

MEDLINE

https://clinicaltrials.gov/

http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/

http://public.ukcrn.org.uk/search/

MEDLINE and MEDLINE In‐Process and Other Non‐Indexed Citations (formerly known

as PREMEDLINE) and MEDLINE Epub Ahead of Print (first searched May 2016) (National

Library of Medicine, USA: the electronic version of Index Medicus) on OvidSP (online) have

been systematically searched from 1 January 1966 to Week 2 September 2017 for

MEDLINE (last searched 21 September 2017), MEDLINE In‐Process and Other Non‐

Indexed Citations covering to 20 September 2017 (last searched on 21 September 2017)

and MEDLINE Epub Ahead of Print covering to 21 September 2017 (last searched on 22

September 2017). (The searches are updated every three to four months).

Design methodology terms:

The search strategy is based on the first two parts of the three part Cochrane Highly

Sensitive Search Strategy set out in Section 5b.2, Appendix 5 of the Cochrane Collaboration

Handbook (Alderson 2004). This strategy was amended in January 2004 due to National

Library of Medicine, NLM, changes in the 'animal' check tag 'animal' is now 'animals' MeSH

term and in March 2005 the check tag 'human' was amended to 'humans' MeSH term). In

January 2008, due to the NLM changes to 'exp clinical trials.sh.' the term has been changed

to 'exp clinical trial.sh.' also the following terms have been added: clinical trials as topic.sh.

OR clinical trials, phase i as topic.sh. OR clinical trials, phase ii as topic.sh. OR clinical trials,

phase iii as topic.sh. OR clinical trials, phase iv as topic.sh. OR controlled clinical trials as

topic.sh. OR randomized controlled trials as topic.sh. OR multicenter studies as topic.sh. In

January 2009, due to changes at the NLM, 'clinical trial.pt.' was amended to 'clinical trial$.pt.'

1. RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL.pt.

2. CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL.pt.

3. RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS.sh.

4. RANDOM ALLOCATION.sh.

5. DOUBLE BLIND METHOD.sh.

6. SINGLE‐BLIND METHOD.sh.

7. or/1‐6

8. (ANIMALS not HUMANS).sh.

9. 7 not 8

10. CLINICAL TRIAL$.pt.

11. exp CLINICAL TRIAL.sh

12. (clin$ adj25 trial$).ti,ab.

13. ((singl$ or doubl$ or trebl$ or tripl$) adj25 (blind$ or mask$)).ti,ab.

14. PLACEBOS.sh.

15. placebo$.ti,ab.

16. random$.ti,ab.

17. RESEARCH DESIGN.sh.

18. or/10‐17

19. 18 not 8

20. 19 not 9

Only the term volunteer$ has been used from the third part of the Cochrane search strategy

along with the following search terms:

factorial.tw.

cross‐over studies/

crossover.tw.

latin square.tw.

(balance$ adj2 block$).tw.

The topic specific search terms described below were combined (with the Boolean operator

‘AND’) with the design methodology search terms described above:

Urinary Incontinence:

1 exp urinary incontinence/

2 incontinence pads/

3 urodynamics/

4 urinary sphincter, artificial/

5 urinary catheterization/

6 parasympatholytics/

7 exp bladder fistula/

8 toilet training/

9 cutaneous fistula/

10 vaginal fistula/

11 vesicovaginal fistula/

12 "pelvic floor/

13 cystitis, interstitial/

14 toilet$.tw.

15 (incontinen$ or continen$).tw.

16 urodynamic$.tw.

17 nycturia.tw.

18 ((vesic$ or bladder or vagina$) adj5 (support$ or prosthes$)).tw.

19 (bladder adj5 (train$ or retrain$).tw.

20 interstitial cystitis.tw.

21 (fistula$ adj5 (bladder or vesic$ or bladder‐vagina$ or urin$ or vagina$ or uretero‐vagina$

or vesico‐uterine or urogenital)).tw.

22 ((urin$ or bladder) adj5 sphincter$).tw.

23 ((bladder or detrusor or vesic$) adj5 (instability or stab$ or unstable or irritab$ or

hyperreflexia or dys?ynerg$ or dyskinesia)).tw.

24 (void$ adj5 (prompt$ or diar$)).tw.

25 urethral syndrome.tw.

26 (urethra$ adj2 sphincter$).tw.

27 (bladder adj2 neck).tw.

28 (urin$ adj2 (leak$ or urge$ or frequen$)).tw.

29 (fistula adj5 genitourin$).tw.

30 perineomet$.tw.

31 interferential.tw.

32 marshall‐marchetti‐krantz.tw.

33 mmk.tw.

34 burch.tw.

35 ((bladder or neck or vesic$) adj5 suspen$).tw.

36 colposuspension$.tw.

37 guittes.tw.

38 colporrhaphy.tw.

39 pereyra.tw.

40 urethrosuspension$.tw.

41 cystoplast$.tw.

42 urethropex$.tw.

43 lyodura$.tw.

44 colpoperineoplast$.tw.

45 urethrocervicopex$.tw.

46 sling procedure$.tw.

47 stamey.tw.

48 (pelvic adj5 rehabilit$).tw.

49 raz.tw.

50 urinary fistula/

51 dribbl$.tw.

52 diaper$.tw.

53 bladder, neurogenic/

54 (bladder adj ulcer$).tw.

55 (hunner adj ulcer$).tw.

56 (vesic$ adj (neck$ or cervi$)).tw.

57 cystostomy.tw.

58 cystostomy/

59 vesicostomy.tw.

60 colporraphy.tw.

61 (fistula$ adj (urethra$ or colovesic$ or cystocol$ or cystovagina$ or vagino$)).tw.

62 sling$ procedure$.tw.

63 (pelvi$ adj5 rehabilit$).tw.

64 ((bladder or detrusor or vesic$) adj5 (instability or stab$ or unstable or irritab$ or irritat$ or

hyperreflex$ or dys?ynerg$ or dyskines$ or hyperactiv$)).tw.

65 (urine adj5 extravasation).tw.

66 ((bladder or detrusor) adj overactiv$).tw.

67 ((urin$ or bladder or urethra) adj (prosthes$ or endoprosthes$)).tw.

68 (detrusor adj sphincter$).tw.

69 (spinal adj2 bladder$).tw.

70 (bladder$ adj2 (neuropath$ or neurogen$ or neurolog$)).tw.

71 bodyworn$.tw.

72 underpad$.tw.

81 or/1‐72

Post prostatectomy stress incontinence:



3 (urin$ adj2 leak$).tw.

4 or/1‐3

5 prostate/

6 prostatectomy/

7 prostatic hyperplasia/

8 prostatic neoplasms/

9 prostatitis/

10 prostatic diseases/

11 prostat$.tw.

12 post‐prostat$.tw.

13 postprostat$.tw.

14 or/5‐13

15 4 and 14

Faecal Incontinence or rectal prolapse or constipation:

1 fecal incontinence/

2 anus/

3 fissure‐in‐ano/


5 rectal fistula/

6 rectovaginal fistula/

7 ((fecal or faecal) adj25 (incontinen$ or continen$)).tw.

8 anus.tw.

9 anal.tw.

10 rectal prolapse/

11 (rectal adj5 prolaps$).tw.

12 (artificial adj5 sphincter$).tw.

13 (fistula adj5 (rectovagina$ or recto‐vagina$ or rectal‐vagina$)).tw.

14 fissure‐in‐ano.tw.

15 (fissure adj2 (anorectal or rectal or rectoanal)).tw.

16 (internal adj2 sphincter$).tw.

17 ((rectal or rectum) adj5 prolapse$).tw.

18 postanal.tw.

19 graciloplast$.tw.

20 sphincteroplast$.tw.

21 rectopex$.tw.

22 ripstein.tw.

23 delorme.tw.

24 proctopex$.tw.

25 ivalon sponge$.tw.

26 thiersch.tw.

27 mucusectomy.tw.

28 mucosalectomy.tw.

29 mucosaectomy.tw.

30 antegrade continence.tw.

31 levatorplast$.tw.

32 procidentia.tw.

33 (mucosa$ adj2 prolapse$).tw.

34 (defecation adj2 disorder$).tw.

35 (defaecation adj2 disorder$).tw.

36 (stool$ adj25 (incontinen$ or continen$)).tw.

37 neosphincter$.tw.

38 (internal adj2 sphincter$).tw.

39 defecography/

40 feces, impacted/

41 defaecograph$.tw.

42 defecograph$.tw.

43 (impact$ adj2 (feces or fecal or faeces or faecal or stool$)).tw.

44 archoptosis.tw.

45 (intus?uscept$ adj2 (ano or ani or anorect$ or perianal or rectum or rectal or recti or

mucosa$ or preanal or rectoan$ or rectovaginal or vaginorectal or endorect$ or

vagina$)).tw.

46 (prolapse$ adj2 (ano or ani or anorect$ or perianal or rectum or rectal or recti or mucosa$

or preanal or rectoan$ or rectovaginal or vaginorectal or endorect$ or vagina$)).tw.

47 (invaginat$ adj2 (ano or ani or anorect$ or perianal or rectum or rectal or recti or

mucosa$ or preanal or rectoan$ or rectovaginal or vaginorectal or endorect$ or

vagina$)).tw.

48 (abdominoperine$ adj2 (resect$ or extirpat$)).tw.

49 (miles adj2 operation$).tw.

50 (extirpat$ adj2 (ano or ani or anorect$ or perianal or rectum or rectal or recti or mucosa$


51 rectopex$.tw.

52 (anomal$ adj2 (ano or ani or anorect$ or perianal or rectum or rectal or recti or mucosa$


53 (malform$ adj2 (ano or ani or anorect$ or perianal or rectum or rectal or recti or mucosa$


54 (fistula$ adj2 (ano or ani or anorect$ or perianal or rectum or rectal or recti or mucosa$ or

preanal or rectoan$ or rectovaginal or vaginorectal or endorect$ or vagina$ or skin or

cutaneous or enterocutaneous or enterovesic$)).tw.

55 protocolectom$.tw.

56 proctocolectom$.tw.

57 rectocolectom$.tw.

58 (pudend$ adj2 (neuropath$ or latenc$)).tw.

59 (lord$ adj2 stretch$).tw.

60 megarectum$.tw.

61 (sphincter$ adj2 (transposit$ or external$)).tw.

62 anoplast$.tw.

63 (wells adj2 (ano or ani or anorect$ or perianal or rectum or rectal or recti or mucosa$ or

preanal or rectoan$ or rectovaginal or vaginorectal or endorect$ or vagina$)).tw.

64 (resect$ adj2 (soave or perine$)).tw.

65 mucosectom$.tw.

66 (ace adj2 (ano or ani or anorect$ or perianal or rectum or rectal or recti or mucosa$ or

preanal or rectoan$ or rectovaginal or vaginorectal or endorect$ or vagina$ or fecal or faecal

or feces or faeces)).tw.

67 (support$ adj2 (ano or ani or anorect$ or perianal or rectum or rectal or recti or mucosa$


68 (sling$ adj2 (ano or ani or anorect$ or perianal or rectum or rectal or recti or mucosa$ or


69 (leak$ adj2 (fecal or faecal or feces or faeces or stool$ or motion$)).tw.

70 postanal.tw.

71 (reconstruct$ adj2 (ano or ani or anorect$ or perianal or rectum or rectal or recti or


72 (defect$ adj2 (ano or ani or anorect$ or perianal or rectum or rectal or recti or preanal or

rectoan$ or rectovaginal or vaginorectal or endorect$ or vagina$)).tw.

73 (resect$ adj2 (ano or ani or anorect$ or perianal or rectum or rectal or recti or preanal or

rectoan$ or rectovaginal or vaginorectal or endorect$ or vagina$)).tw.

74 (polyviol adj2 sponge$).tw.

75 (rectocele or rectocoele).tw.

76 (soil$ adj2 (faeces or feces or fecal or faecal)).tw.

77 Bowel$ adj25 manag$.tw.

78 Elimination disorders/

79 Elimination disorder$.tw.

80 ((feces or faeces or fecal or faecal) adj2 (expulsion or expel$)).tw.

81 megacolon.tw.

82 ((faeces or feces or fecal or faecal or stool$) adj2 (retent$ or retain$)).tw.

83 (stool$ adj2 (expulsion or expel$)).tw.

84 anismus.tw.

85 (spastic$ adj2 (bowel$ or colon$)).tw.

86 constipation/

87 (fecal or faecal or feces or faeces or stool$) adj2 (urge$ or frequent$)).tw.

88 (sphincter ad2 hypotoni$).t.w

89 ((faeces or feces or fecal or faecal or stool$ or motion$ or bowel$) adj2 evacuat$.tw.

90 ((voluntary or abnormal) adj2 placement$).tw.

91 dyschezia.tw.

92 obstipation.tw.

93 soiling.tw.

94 (bowel$ adj2 control$).tw.

95 hirschsprung disease/

96 (colonic adj2 aganglionosis).tw.

97 megacolon/

98 (colonic adj2 inertia).tw.

99 (pelvic adj2 dyssynerg$).tw.

100 ((feces or faeces or fecal or faecal) adj2 (seep$ or leak$ or loss)).tw.

101 ((stool$ or motion$) adj2 (seep$ or leak$)).tw.

102 ((defecat$ or defaecat$) adj2 (urge$ or frequent$)).tw.

103 (bowel adj2 program$).tw.

104 ((neurogen$ or neuropath$) adj2 bowel$).tw.

105 or/1‐104

Enuresis:

1 enuresis/

2 enuresis.tw.

3 bedwet$.tw.

4 bed‐wet$.tw.

5 (bed adj5 wet$).tw.

6 (diurnal adj5 wet$).tw.

7 diurnal‐wet$.tw.

8 (daytime adj5 wet$).tw.

9 (day‐time adj5 wet$).tw.

10 (nighttime adj5 wet$).tw.

11 (night‐time adj5 wet$).tw.

12 (nightime adj5 wet$).tw.

13 urotherapy.tw.

14 (void$ adj dysfunction$).tw.

15 or/1‐14

Encopresis:

1 encopresis/

2 encopresis.tw.

3 or/1‐2

Prolapse:

1 prolapse/

2 uterine prolapse/

3 Rectocele/

4 (prolaps$ adj5 (pelvi$ or vagin$ or genit$ or uter$ or vault$ or apical or urethr$ or

segment$ or wall$)).tw.

5 cystoc?ele$.tw.

6 rectoc?ele$.tw.

7 urethroc?ele$.tw.

8 enteroc?ele$.tw.

9 proctoc?ele$.tw.

10 sigmoidoc?ele$.tw.

11 (pelvi$ adj3 dysfunct$).tw.

12 (pelvi$ adj3 (disorder$ or relax$)).tw.

13 (vagin$ adj3 defect$).tw.

14 (urogenital adj5 prolaps$).tw.

15 (cervi$ adj5 prolaps$).tw.

16 or/1‐15

KEY TO MEDLINE SEARCH STRATEGY: / = MeSH term with all subheadings; tw =

textword, ie title and abstract; $ = wildcard; ? = letter may or may not be present; adj = word

within stated number of words of this word; exp = explosion search; * = major MeSH term.

CENTRAL

CENTRAL database via Cochrane Register of Studies Online (CRSO) (Metaxis)

Further updated searches of CENTRAL will now be conducted on the CRSO interface using

the search strategies given below (from May 2014 onwards). The searches will be updated

on a one to two monthly basis limited to those records added to CENTRAL by date (:CD)

since the date of last search. The most recent searches were run on 26 September 2017

limited to 15/05/2017 to 26/09/2017:CD. (Searches were run on CRSO on 21 May 2014

covering CENTRAL Issue 3, 2014 (31/03/2014:DL) that did not appear on CENTRAL via

OVID SP.)

Enuresis

#1 MESH DESCRIPTOR Enuresis EXPLODE ALL TREES

#2 enure*:TI,AB,KY

#3 bedwet*:TI,AB,KY

#4 (wet* NEAR bed*):TI,AB,KY

#5 (bed* NEAR wet*):TI,AB,KY

#6 (diurnal NEAR wet*):TI,AB,KY

#7 (wet* NEAR diurnal):TI,AB,KY

#8 ((daytime or day‐time or nighttime or night‐time or nightime or nocturnal) NEAR

wet*):TI,AB,KY

#9 (wet* NEAR (daytime or day‐time or nighttime or night‐time or nightime or nocturnal)

):TI,AB,KY

#10 urotherap*:TI,AB,KY

#11 #1 OR #2 OR #3 OR #4 OR #5 OR #6 OR #7 OR #8 OR #9 OR #10

#12 SR‐INCONT:CC

#13 #11 NOT #12

Urine

#1 SR‐INCONT:CC

#2 MESH DESCRIPTOR Urinary Incontinence EXPLODE ALL TREES

#3 MESH DESCRIPTOR Nocturia EXPLODE ALL TREES

#4 MESH DESCRIPTOR Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms

#5 MESH DESCRIPTOR Absorbent Pads EXPLODE ALL TREES

#6 MESH DESCRIPTOR Diapers, Adult EXPLODE ALL TREES

#7 MESH DESCRIPTOR Bedding and Linens EXPLODE ALL TREES

#8 MESH DESCRIPTOR Urodynamics EXPLODE ALL TREES

#9 MESH DESCRIPTOR Urinary Sphincter, Artificial EXPLODE ALL TREES

#10 MESH DESCRIPTOR Urinary Catheterization EXPLODE ALL TREES

#11 MESH DESCRIPTOR Catheter Obstruction EXPLODE ALL TREES

#12 MESH DESCRIPTOR Catheter‐Related Infections EXPLODE ALL TREES

#13 MESH DESCRIPTOR Catheters EXPLODE ALL TREES

#14 MESH DESCRIPTOR Catheters, Indwelling EXPLODE ALL TREES

#15 MESH DESCRIPTOR Urinary Catheters EXPLODE ALL TREES

#16 MESH DESCRIPTOR Urinary Fistula EXPLODE ALL TREES

#17 MESH DESCRIPTOR Cutaneous Fistula EXPLODE ALL TREES

#18 MESH DESCRIPTOR Rectovaginal Fistula EXPLODE ALL TREES

#19 MESH DESCRIPTOR Vaginal Fistula EXPLODE ALL TREES

#20 MESH DESCRIPTOR Vesicovaginal Fistula EXPLODE ALL TREES

#21 MESH DESCRIPTOR Pelvic Floor Disorders EXPLODE ALL TREES

#22 MESH DESCRIPTOR Pelvic Floor EXPLODE ALL TREES

#23 MESH DESCRIPTOR Cystitis, Interstitial EXPLODE ALL TREES

#24 MESH DESCRIPTOR Urinary Bladder EXPLODE ALL TREES

#25 MESH DESCRIPTOR Urinary Bladder Diseases

#26 MESH DESCRIPTOR Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic EXPLODE ALL TREES

#27 MESH DESCRIPTOR Urinary Bladder, Overactive EXPLODE ALL TREES

#28 MESH DESCRIPTOR Urination Disorders

#29 MESH DESCRIPTOR Anti‐Infective Agents, Urinary EXPLODE ALL TREES

#30 MESH DESCRIPTOR Cystocele EXPLODE ALL TREES

#31 MESH DESCRIPTOR Pelvic Organ Prolapse EXPLODE ALL TREES

#32 MESH DESCRIPTOR Urinary Retention EXPLODE ALL TREES

#33 MESH DESCRIPTOR Cystostomy EXPLODE ALL TREES

#34 MESH DESCRIPTOR Toilet Training EXPLODE ALL TREES

#35 toilet*:TI,AB,KY

#36 (incontinen* OR continen*):TI,AB,KY

#37 urodynamic*:TI,AB,KY

#38 (floor NEAR pelvi*):TI,AB,KY

#39 (pelvi* NEAR floor):TI,AB,KY

#40 perineomet*:TI,AB,KY

#41 interferential*:TI,AB,KY

#42 nycturia:TI,AB,KY

#43 ((vesic* or bladder* or vagina*) NEAR (support* or prosthe*)):TI,AB,KY

#44 ((support* or prosthe*) NEAR (vesic* or bladder* or vagina*)):TI,AB,KY

#45 (bladder* NEAR (train* or retrain*)):TI,AB,KY

#46 ((train* or retrain*) NEAR bladder* ):TI,AB,KY

#47 mmk:TI,AB,KY

#48 (marshall marchetti krantz):TI,AB,KY

#49 burch:TI,AB,KY

#50 ((bladder* OR neck* OR vesic*) NEAR suspen*):TI,AB,KY

#51 (suspen* NEAR (bladder* OR neck* OR vesic*) ):TI,AB,KY

#52 colposuspension*:TI,AB,KY

#53 guittes*:TI,AB,KY

#54 colporrhaph*:TI,AB,KY

#55 colpor*:TI,AB,KY

#56 pereyra:TI,AB,KY

#57 urethrosuspension*:TI,AB,KY

#58 urethro‐suspension*:TI,AB,KY

#59 cystoplast*:TI,AB,KY

#60 urethropex*:TI,AB,KY

#61 lyodura*:TI,AB,KY

#62 colpoperineoplast*:TI,AB,KY

#63 colpo‐perineoplast*:TI,AB,KY

#64 colpo‐peri‐neoplast*:TI,AB,KY

#65 urethrocervicopex*:TI,AB,KY

#66 urethro‐cervicopex*:TI,AB,KY

#67 urethro‐pex*:TI,AB,KY

#68 stamey*:TI,AB,KY

#69 (interstitial cystitis*):TI,AB,KY

#70 (interstitial cystit*):TI,AB,KY

#71 (bladder syndrome):TI,AB,KY

#72 (bladder* NEAR pain*):TI,AB,KY

#73 (pain* NEAR bladder*):TI,AB,KY

#74 (fistula* NEAR (bladder* or vesic* or bladder‐vagina* or urin* or vagina* or uretero‐vagina* or ureterovagina* or urogenital or genitourin*)):TI,AB,KY

#75 ((bladder* or vesic* or bladder‐vagina* or urin* or vagina* or uretero‐vagina* or

ureterovagina* or urogenital or genitourin*) NEAR fistula*):TI,AB,KY

#76 raz:TI,AB,KY

#77 ((urin* or bladder*) NEAR sphincter*):TI,AB,KY

#78 (sphincter* NEAR (urin* or bladder*) ):TI,AB,KY

#79 (dysfunct* NEAR (bladder* or detrusor or vesic* or void* or eliminat* or urin*)):TI,AB,KY

#80 ((bladder* or detrusor or vesic* or void* or eliminat* or urin*) NEAR dysfunct*):TI,AB,KY

#81 (void* NEAR (prompt* or diar*)):TI,AB,KY

#82 ((prompt* or diar*) NEAR void*):TI,AB,KY

#83 desd:TI,AB,KY

#84 (urethral NEAR syndrome):TI,AB,KY

#85 (urethra* NEAR sphincter*):TI,AB,KY

#86 (sphincter* NEAR urethra*):TI,AB,KY

#87 (neck* NEAR bladder*):TI,AB,KY

#88 (bladder* NEAR neck*):TI,AB,KY

#89 (urin* NEAR leak*):TI,AB,KY

#90 (leak* NEAR urin*):TI,AB,KY

#91 dribbl*:TI,AB,KY

#92 diaper*:TI,AB,KY

#93 (bladder NEAR ulcer*):TI,AB,KY

#94 (ulcer* NEAR bladder):TI,AB,KY

#95 (hunner* NEAR ulcer*):TI,AB,KY

#96 (ulcer* NEAR hunner* ):TI,AB,KY

#97 (vesic* NEAR (neck* or cervi*)):TI,AB,KY

#98 ((neck* or cervi*) NEAR vesic*):TI,AB,KY

#99 cystostom*:TI,AB,KY

#100 vesicostom*:TI,AB,KY

#101 (fistula* NEAR (urethra* or colovesic* or cystocol* or cystovagina* or

vagino*)):TI,AB,KY

#102 ((urethra* or colovesic* or cystocol* or cystovagina* or vagino*) NEAR

fistula*):TI,AB,KY

#103 (sling* NEAR procedure*):TI,AB,KY

#104 (procedure* NEAR sling*):TI,AB,KY

#105 (pelvi* NEAR rehab*):TI,AB,KY

#106 (rehab* NEAR pelvi*):TI,AB,KY

#107 (urin* NEAR extravasat*):TI,AB,KY

#108 (extravasat* NEAR urin*):TI,AB,KY

#109 ((urin* or bladder or urethra*) NEAR (prosthes* or endoprosthes*)):TI,AB,KY

#110 ((prosthes* or endoprosthes*) NEAR (urin* or bladder or urethra*)):TI,AB,KY

#111 (detrusor NEAR sphincter*):TI,AB,KY

#112 (sphincter* NEAR detrusor):TI,AB,KY

#113 (spinal NEAR bladder):TI,AB,KY

#114 (bladder NEAR spinal):TI,AB,KY

#115 (bladder* NEAR (neuropath* or neurogen* or neurolog*)):TI,AB,KY

#116 ((neuropath* or neurogen* or neurolog*) NEAR bladder* ):TI,AB,KY

#117 bodyworn*:TI,AB,KY

#118 underpad*:TI,AB,KY

#119 (nervous NEAR pollakisur*):TI,AB,KY

#120 (pollakisur* NEAR nervous):TI,AB,KY

#121 (urin* NEAR frequen*):TI,AB,KY

#122 (frequen* NEAR urin*):TI,AB,KY

#123 (urin* NEAR urge*):TI,AB,KY

#124 (urge* NEAR urin*):TI,AB,KY

#125 (urin* NEAR hesita*):TI,AB,KY

#126 (hesita* NEAR urin*):TI,AB,KY

#127 luts:TI,AB,KY

#128 (void* NEAR symptom*):TI,AB,KY

#129 (symptom* NEAR void*):TI,AB,KY

#130 nocturia:TI,AB,KY

#131 (sphincter* NEAR dys?ynerg*):TI,AB,KY

#132 (dys?ynerg* NEAR sphincter*):TI,AB,KY

#133 (urin* NEAR strain*):TI,AB,KY

#134 (strain* NEAR urin*):TI,AB,KY

#135 (detrusor NEAR underact*):TI,AB,KY

#136 (underact* NEAR detrusor*):TI,AB,KY

#137 (symptom* NEXT urin*):TI,AB,KY

#138 (urin* NEXT symptom*):TI,AB,KY

#139 (urin* NEXT catheter*):TI,AB,KY

#140 (catheter* NEXT urin*):TI,AB,KY

#141 (urin* NEAR catheter*):TI,AB,KY

#142 (catheter* NEAR urin*):TI,AB,KY

#143 ((bladder* or detrusor or vesic*) NEAR (instability or stab$ or unstable or irritab* or

hyper?eflex* or dys?ynerg* or dyskinesi* or irritat*)):TI,AB,KY

#144 ((instability or stab$ or unstable or irritab* or hyper?eflex* or dys?ynerg* or dyskinesi*

or irritat*) NEAR (bladder* or detrusor or vesic*)):TI,AB,KY

#145 (syndrome NEAR urethral):TI,AB,KY

#146 ((bladder or detrusor or vesic*) NEAR (hyper* or overactiv*)):TI,AB,KY

#147 ((hyper* or overactiv*) NEAR (bladder or detrusor or vesic*)):TI,AB,KY

#148 #2 OR #3 OR #4 OR #5 OR #6 OR #7 OR #8 OR #9 OR #10 OR #11 OR #12 OR #13

OR #14 OR #15 OR #16 OR #17 OR #18 OR #19 OR #20 OR #21 OR #22 OR #23 OR #24







OR #91 OR #92 OR #93 OR #94 OR #95 OR #96 OR #97 OR #98 OR #99 OR #100 OR

#101 OR #102 OR #103 OR #104 OR #105 OR #106 OR #107 OR #108 OR #109 OR #110

OR #111 OR #112 OR #113 OR #114 OR #115 OR #116 OR #117 OR #118 OR #119 OR

#120 OR #121 OR #122 OR #123 OR #124 OR #125 OR #126 OR #127 OR #128 OR #129

OR #130 OR #131 OR #132 OR #133 OR #134 OR #135 OR #136 OR #137 OR #138 OR

#139 OR #140 OR #141 OR #142 OR #143 OR #144 OR #145 OR #146 OR #147

#149 #148 NOT #1

Pelvic Organ Prolapse

#1 MESH DESCRIPTOR Prolapse EXPLODE ALL TREES

#2 ((pelvi* or vagin* or genit* or uter* or vault* or apical or urethr* or segment* or wall*)

NEAR prolaps*):TI,AB,KY

#3 (prolaps* NEAR (pelvi* or vagin* or genit* or uter* or vault* or apical or urethr* or

segment* or wall*)):TI,AB,KY

#4 MESH DESCRIPTOR Rectocele EXPLODE ALL TREES

#5 cystoc?ele*:TI,AB,KY

#6 rectoc?ele*:TI,AB,KY

#7 urethroc?ele*:TI,AB,KY

#8 enteroc?ele*:TI,AB,KY

#9 proctoc?ele*:TI,AB,KY

#10 sigmoidoc?ele*:TI,AB,KY

#11 (pelvi* NEAR dysfunct*):TI,AB,KY

#12 (dysfunct* NEAR pelvi*):TI,AB,KY

#13 (pelvi* NEAR (disorder* or relax*)):TI,AB,KY

#14 ((disorder* or relax*) NEAR pelvi*):TI,AB,KY

#15 (vagin* NEAR defect*):TI,AB,KY

#16 (defect* NEAR vagin*):TI,AB,KY

#17 (urogenital NEAR prolaps*):TI,AB,KY

#18 (prolaps* NEAR urogenital):TI,AB,KY

#19 (cervi* NEAR prolaps*):TI,AB,KY

#20 (prolaps* NEAR cervi*):TI,AB,KY

#21 #1 OR #2 OR #3 OR #4 OR #5 OR #6 OR #7 OR #8 OR #9 OR #10 OR #11 OR #12

OR #13 OR #14 OR #15 OR #16 OR #17 OR #18 OR #19 OR #20

#22 SR‐INCONT:CC

#23 #21 NOT #22

TWOC (Trial without catheter)

#1 MESH DESCRIPTOR Adrenergic alpha‐Antagonists EXPLODE ALL TREES

#2 MESH DESCRIPTOR Urinary Catheterization EXPLODE ALL TREES

#3 MESH DESCRIPTOR Catheterization

#4 twoc:TI,AB,KY

#5 (trial* without catheter*):TI,AB,KY

#6 (trial* off catheter*):TI,AB,KY


#8 #2 OR #3

#9 #1 AND #8

#10 #1 AND #7

#11 #4 OR #5 OR #6 OR #9 OR #10

POUR (Postoperative urinary retention)

#1 SR‐INCONT:CC


#3 MESH DESCRIPTOR Postoperative Complications EXPLODE ALL TREES WITH

QUALIFIERS UR

#4 MESH DESCRIPTOR Urination Disorders

#5 (urin* NEAR (retent* or retain*)):TI,AB,KY

#6 ((retent* or retain*) NEAR urin*):TI,AB,KY

#7 ((bladder* or void*) NEAR (retent* or retain*)):TI,AB,KY

#8 ((retent* or retain*) NEAR (bladder* or void*)):TI,AB,KY

#9 #2 OR #3 OR #4 OR #5 OR #6 OR #7 OR #8

#10 #9 NOT #1

Postprostatectomy

#1 MESH DESCRIPTOR Urinary Incontinence EXPLODE ALL TREES

#2 MESH DESCRIPTOR Urinary Bladder, Overactive EXPLODE ALL TREES

#3 (incontinen* or continen*):TI,AB,KY

#4 (urin* NEAR2 leak*):TI,AB,KY

#5 #1 OR #2 OR #3 OR #4

#6 MESH DESCRIPTOR Prostate EXPLODE ALL TREES

#7 MESH DESCRIPTOR Prostatectomy EXPLODE ALL TREES

#8 MESH DESCRIPTOR Prostatic Diseases EXPLODE ALL TREES

#9 prostat*:TI,AB,KY

#10 post‐prostat*:TI,AB,KY

#11 postprostat*:TI,AB,KY

#12 #6 OR #7 OR #8 OR #9 OR #10 OR #11

#13 #5 AND #12

#14 SR‐INCONT:CC

#15 #13 NOT #14

CENTRAL database on the OvidSP interface. From Issue 2, 2004 onwards our search of

CENTRAL has been on OVID. The search covers urinary incontinence and enuresis. The

search is updated for every new issue of CENTRAL (from Issue 1, 2012 publication is now

monthly, therefore the search will be updated monthly) ‐ the most recent issue searched is

CENTRAL Issue 4, 2014, which was searched on 19 May 2014. No new records were

added to CENTRAL for 2014, Issue 2 (February) by Wiley/the Cochrane Collaboration

therefore that issue was not searched. Issue 3, 2014 did not appear on OvidSP therefore

ran searches on Cochrane Register of Studies Online (CRSO) (Metaxis).

The search terms used on the OvidSP interface to search for urinary incontinence and also

for enuresis are detailed below:

1. toilet$.tw.

2. (incontinen$ or continen$).tw.

3. exp urinary incontinence/

4. incontinence pads/

5. urodynamics/

6. urinary sphincter, artificial/

7. urodynamic$.tw.

8. urinary catheterization/

9. exp bladder fistula/

10. toilet training/

11. cutaneous fistula/

12. exp vaginal fistula/

13. vesicovaginal fistula/

14. "pelvic floor"/

15. perineomet$.tw.

16. interferential.tw.

17. cystitis, interstitial/

18. nycturia.tw.

19. ((vesic$ or bladder or vagina$) adj5 (support$ or prosthes$)).tw.

20. (bladder adj5 (train$ or retrain$)).tw.

21. mmk.tw.

22. marshall marchetti krantz.tw.

23. burch.tw.

24. ((bladder or neck or vesic$) adj5 suspen$).tw.

25. colposuspension$.tw.

26. guittes.tw.

27. colporrhaph$.tw.

28. pereyra.tw.

29. urethrosuspension$.tw.

30. cystoplast$.tw.

31. urethropex$.tw.

32. lyodura$.tw.

33. colpoperineoplast$.tw.

34. urethrocervicopex$.tw.

35. stamey.tw.

36. interstitial cystitis.tw.

37. (fistula$ adj5 (bladder or vesic$ or bladder‐vagina$ or urin$ or vagina$ or uretero‐

vagina$ or ureterovagina$ or urogenital or genitourin$)).tw.

38. raz.tw.

39. ((urin$ or bladder) adj5 sphincter$).tw.

40. ((bladder or detrusor or vesic$) adj5 (instability or stab$ or unstable or irritab$ or

hyper?eflex$ or dys?ynerg$ or dyskinesi$ or irritat$)).tw.

41. (void$ adj5 (prompt$ or diar$)).tw.

42. urethral syndrome.tw.

43. (urethra$ adj2 sphincter$).tw.

44. (bladder adj2 neck).tw.

45. (urin$ adj2 leak$).tw.

46. exp urinary fistula/

47. dribbl$.tw.

48. diaper$.tw.

49. bladder, neurogenic/

50. (bladder adj1 ulcer$).tw.

51. (hunner adj1 ulcer$).tw.

52. (vesic$ adj1 (neck$ or cervi$)).tw.

53. cystostomy.tw.

54. cystostomy/

55. vesicostom$.tw.

56. cystostom$.tw.

57. colporraph$.tw.

58. (fistula$ adj1 (urethra$ or colovesic$ or cystocol$ or cystovagina$ or vagino$)).tw.

59. (sling$ adj1 procedure$).tw.

60. (pelvi$ adj5 rehab$).tw.

61. ((bladder or detrusor or vesic$) adj2 (hyper$ or overactiv$)).tw.

62. (urin$ adj2 extravasat$).tw.

63. ((urin$ or bladder or urethra$) adj1 (prosthes$ or endoprosthes$)).tw.

64. (detrusor adj1 sphincter$).tw.

65. (spinal adj2 bladder$).tw.

66. (bladder$ adj2 (neuropath$ or neurogen$ neurolog$)).tw.

67. bodyworn$.tw.

68. underpad$.tw.

69. (nervous adj1 pollakisur$).tw.

70. *prostate/

71. *prostatectomy/

72. *prostatic hyperplasia/

73. *prostatic neoplasm/

74. *prostatic neoplasms/

75. *bladder neoplasms/

76. *urinary tract infections/

77. *prostatitis/

78. *prostatic diseases/

79. or/70‐78

80. enuresis/

81. enure$.tw.

82. bedwet$.tw.

83. bed‐wet$.tw.

84. (bed adj5 wet$).tw.

85. (diurnal adj5 wet$).tw.

86. diurnal‐wet$.tw.

87. ((daytime or day‐time or nighttime or night‐time or nightime) adj5 wet$).tw.

88. urotherapy.tw.

89. (void$ adj2 dysfunct$).tw.

90. or/80‐89

91. Cochrane Incontinence Group.gc.

92. (cystocele$ or cystocoele$).tw.

93. bladder diseases/

94. urination disorders/

95. urological manifestations.mp. [mp=title, original title, abstract, mesh headings, heading

words, keyword]

96. urinary retention/

97. uterine prolapse/

98. prolapse/

99. toilet facilities/

100. toilet training/

101. urinary catheterization/

102. urine catheter.mp. [mp=title, original title, abstract, mesh headings, heading words,

keyword]

103. bladder catheterization.mp. [mp=title, original title, abstract, mesh headings, heading

words, keyword]

104. (bladder$ adj2 catheter$).mp. [mp=title, original title, abstract, mesh headings, heading

words, keyword]

105. (suprapubic adj2 cath$).tw.

106. (urethra$ adj2 cathet$).tw.

107. (transurethra$ adj2 cathet$).tw.

108. (urin$ adj2 cathet$).tw.

109. (bladder adj2 drain$).tw.

110. (urgen$ adj2 frequen$).tw.

111. urethroplast$.tw.

112. urethrotom$.tw.

113. urethrocystopex$.tw.

114. (void$ adj2 dysfunction$).tw.

115. or/1‐69

116. or/92‐114

117. 115 or 116

118. 117 not 79

119. 118 not 91

120. 90 not 91

New records are identified in each issue using the Update Flag (uf) field combined using

'AND' with line 119 for urinary incontinence and line 120 for enuresis.

CENTRAL on the Cochrane Library, Issue 4, 2000 (on CDROM) (The Cochrane

Collaboration. Oxford: Update Software) was searched in December 2000. The search

strategy used is given below.

Urinary Incontinence and Enuresis:

1. URINARY‐INCONTINENCE*

2. INCONTINENCE‐PADS*

3. URODYNAMICS*:ME

4. URINARY‐SPHINCTER‐ARTIFICIAL*

5. URINARY‐CATHETERIZATION*

6. URINARY‐RESERVOIRS‐CONTINENT*:ME

7. BLADDER‐FISTULA*:ME

8. URINARY‐FISTULA*:ME

9. TOILET‐TRAINING*

10. VAGINAL‐FISTULA*:ME

11. PELVIC‐FLOOR*

12. CYSTITIS‐INTERSTITIAL*:ME

13. ENURESIS*:ME

14. ENURESIS*

15. BEDWET*

16. BED‐WET*

17. (BED near WET*)

18. (DIURNAL near WET*)

19. DIURNAL‐WET*

20. (DAYTIME near WET*)

21. (DAY‐TIME near WET*)

22. (NIGHTTIME near WET*)

23. (NIGHT‐TIME near WET*)

24. (NIGHTIME near WET*)

25. DRIBBL*

26. TOILET*

27. DIAPER*

28. (BLADDER and (SPHINCTER and PROSTHESIS))

29. URODYNAMIC*

30. (CATHETER* near BLADDER)

31. (CATHETER* near INTERMITTENT)

32. (CATHETER* near URIN*)

33. (CATHETER* near INFECT*)

34. (CATHETER* near INDWELLING)

35. (CATHETER* near SUPRAPUBIC)

36. (BLADDER next FUNCTION*)

37. (BLADDER next CONTRACT*)

38. (VOID* next DYNAMIC*)

39. (BLADDER next PRESSURE*)

40. (URETHRA* next PRESSURE*)

41. (URETHRA* next FUNCTION*)

42. (BLADDER next FUNCTION*)

43. (URIN* near SPHINCTER*)

44. (URIN* near PROSTHES*)

45. (URIN* near ENDOPROSTHES*)

46. (URIN* near ENDOPROSTHES*)

47. (BLADDER near SPHINCTER*)

48. (BLADDER near PROSTHES*)

49. (BLADDER near ENDOPROSTHES*)

50. (URETHRA* near SPHINCTER*)

51. (URETHRA* near PROSTHES*)

52. (URETHRA* near ENDOPROSTHES*)

53. (DETRUSOR near SPHINCTER*)

54. (DETRUSOR near PROSTHES*)

55. (DETRUSOR near ENDOPROSTHES*)

56. (DETRUSOR near DYSSYNERG*)

57. (DETRUSOR near HYPERREFLEXIA)

58. (SPINAL next BLADDER)

59. (NEUROGENIC next BLADDER)

60. (NEUROLOGIC* next BLADDER)

61. (NEUROGENIC next BLADDER*)

62. (NEUROLOGIC* next BLADDER*)

63. (NEUROGENIC next VESICAL)

64. (NEUROLOGIC* next VESICAL)

65. (FISTULA* near BLADDER)

66. (FISTULA* near CYSTOCOL*)

67. (FISTULA* near CYSTOVAGINA*)

68. (FISTULA* near VESICOVAGINA*)

69. (FISTULA* near VAGINOVESIC*)

70. (FISTULA* near URETHRA*)

71. (FISTULA* near URIN*)

72. (FISTULA* near VAGINA*)

73. (FISTULA* near COLOVESIC*)

74. (FISTULA* near VESICOCOL*)

75. (FISTULA* near VESICOL*)

76. (FISTULA* near VESIC*)

77. (FISTULA* near URETEROVAGINA*)

78. (FISTULA* near UROGENITAL)

79. (FISTULA* near GENITOURIN*)

80. (PELVIC and FLOOR)

81. (PELVIC next FLOOR)

82. (PELVIS next FLOOR)

83. (PELVIC next DIAPHRAGM)

84. (URINE next EXTRAVASATION)

85. NYCTURIA

86. PERINEOMET*

87. INTERFERENTIAL

88. (INTERSTITIAL next CYSTITIS)

89. (BLADDER next ULCER*)

90. (HUNNER* next ULCER*)

91. DETRUSOR

92. (BLADDER next NECK*)

93. (VESICAL next NECK*)

94. (BLADDER next CERVI*)

95. (CERVIX next VESICA*)

96. (BLADDER next CAPACIT*)

97. (BLADDER next VOLUME*)

98. (VESICAL next CAPCIT*)

99. (VESICAL next VOLUME*)

100. (BLADDER next CONTRACTION*)

101. (NECK next CONTRACTION*)

102. (URIN* near SPASMOLYTIC)

103. (BLADDER near INSTABILITY)

104. (BLADDER near STAB*)

105. (BLADDER near UNSTABLE)

106. (BLADDER near IRRITAB*)

107. (BLADDER near HYPERREFLEXIA)

108. (BLADDER near DYSSYNERG*)

109. (BLADDER near DYSYNERG*)

110. (BLADDER near DYSKINES*)

111. (VESIC* near INSTABILITY)

112. (VESIC* near STAB*)

113. (VESIC* near UNSTABLE*)

114. (VESIC* near IRRITAB*)

115. (VESIC* near HYPERREFLEXIA)

116. (VESIC* near DYSSYNERG*)

117. (VESIC* near DYSYNERG*)

118. (VESIC* near DYSKINES*)

119. (VESIC* near IRRITAT*)

120. (BLADDER near IRRITAT*)

121. CYSTOSTOMY

122. VESICOSTOMY

123. (BLADDER next SURGERY)

124. (BLADDER next RECONSTRUCT*)

125. CYSTECTOMY

126. URETERONEOCYSTOSTOMY

127. (INTRAVESIC* next PRESSURE*)

128. (VESIC* next PRESSURE*)

129. (VESIC* next TENSION*)

130. CYSTOGRAPH*

131. CYSTOURETHROGRAPH*

132. (BLADDER next ASPIRAT*)

133. (BLADDER and PARACENTESIS)

134. (BLADDER next PARACENTESIS)

135. (BLADDER next PUNCTION*)

136. (BLADDER next PUNCTURE*)

137. (BLADDER next DRAIN*)

138. (SUPRAPUBIC next ASPIRAT*)

139. (BLADDER next AUGMENT*)

140. LYODURA

141. URETHROPLAST*

142. URETHROTOM*

143. URETHROCYSTOPEX*

144. URETHROPLAST*

145. (VESIC* next SUPPORT*)

146. (VESIC* next PROSTHES*)

147. (BLADDER next SUPPORT*)

148. (BLADDER near SUPPORT*)

149. (VAGINA* near SUPPORT*)

150. (VAGINA* near PROSTHES*)

151. (BLADDER near TRAIN*)

152. (BLADDER near RETRAIN*)

153. (MARSHALL next MARCHETTI)

154. MMK

155. BURCH

156. (BLADDER near SUSPEN*)

157. (NECK near SUSPEN*)

158. (VESIC* near SUSPEN*)

159. COLPOSUSPENSION*

160. GUITTES

161. COLPORRAPHY

162. COLPORRHAPHY

163. PEREYRA

164. URETHROSUSPENSION*

165. CYSTOPLAST*

166. URETHROPEX*

167. COLPOPERINEOPLAST*

168. URETHROCERVICOPEX*

169. (SLING and PROCEDURE*)

170. (SLING* near PROCEDURE*)

171. STAMEY

172. (PELVI* near REHAB*)

173. RAZ

174. (VOID* near PROMPT*)

175. (VOID* near DIAR*)

176. (URETHRAL next SYNDROME*)

177. (URIN* near LEAK*)

178. BODYWORN*

179. UNDERPAD*

180. (PANT or PANTS)

181. WETTING

182. URIN*

183. (#182 and #33)

184. (#182 and #34)

Faecal incontinence, encopresis and rectal prolapse:

1. RECTAL‐PROLAPSE*

2. FECAL‐INCONTINENCE*

3. ANUS

4. ANUS*

5. RECTAL‐FISTULA*

6. CUTANEOUS‐FISTULA*

7. ENCOPRESIS*

8. DEFECOGRAPHY*

9. FECES‐IMPACTED*:ME

10. (POLYVIOL and SPONGE*)

11. DEFAECOGRAPH*

12. DEFECOGRAPH*

13. IMPACT* NEAR FECES

14. IMPACT* NEAR FAECES

15. IMPACT* NEAR FECAL

16. IMPACT* NEAR FAECAL

17. IMPACT* NEAR STOOL*

18. (PROLAPSE* near ANO)

19. (PROLAPSE* near ANI)

20. (PROLAPSE* near ANORECT*)

21. (PROLAPSE* near PERIANAL)

22. (PROLAPSE* near RECTUM)

23. (PROLAPSE* near RECTAL)

24. (PROLAPSE* near RECTI)

25. (PROLAPSE* near MUCOSA*)

26. (PROLAPSE* near PREANAL)

27. (PROLAPSE* near RECTOAN*)

28. (PROLAPSE* near RECTOVAGINA*)

29. (PROLAPSE* near VAGINORECTAL)

30. (PROLAPSE* near ENDORECT*)

31. (PROLAPSE* near VAGINA*)

32. ARCHOPTOSIS

33. (INTUSSUSCEPT* near RECTUM)

34. (INTUSSUSCEPT* near RECTAL)

35. (INTUSSUSCEPT* near RECTI)

36. (INTUSSUSCEPT* near ENDORECT*)

37. (INTUSSUSCEPT* near RECTOAN*)

38. (INTUSSUSCEPT* near ANORECT*)

39. (INTUSSUSCEPT* near PERIANAL)

40. (INTUSSUSCEPT* near PREANAL)

41. (INTUSSUSCEPT* near ANO)

42. (INTUSSUSCEPT* near ANI)

43. (INTUSUSCEPT* near RECTUM)

44. (INTUSUSCEPT* near RECTAL)

45. (INTUSUSCEPT* near RECTI)

46. (INTUSUSCEPT* near ENDORECT*)

47. (INTUSUSCEPT* near RECTOAN*)

48. (INTUSUSCEPT* near ANORECT*)

49. (INTUSUSCEPT* near PERIANAL)

50. (INTUSUSCEPT* near PREANAL)

51. (INTUSUSCEPT* near ANO)

52. (INTUSUSCEPT* near ANI)

53. (INVAGINAT* near RECTUM)

54. (INVAGINAT* near RECTAL)

55. (INVAGINAT* near RECTI)

56. (INVAGINAT* near ENDORECT*)

57. (INVAGINAT* near RECTOAN*)

58. (INVAGINAT* near ANORECT*)

59. (INVAGINAT* near PERIANAL)

60. (INVAGINAT* near PREANAL)

61. (INVAGINAT* near ANO)

62. (INVAGINAT* near ANI)

63. PROCIDENTIA

64. (ABDOMINOPERINE* near RESECT*)

65. (ABDOMINOPERINE* near EXTIRPAT*)

66. (MILES* near OPERATION*)

67. (RESECT* near RECTUM)

68. (RESECT* near RECTAL)

69. (RESECT* near RECTI)

70. (RESECT* near ENDORECT*)

71. (RESECT* near RECTOAN*)

72. (RESECT* near ANORECT*)

73. (RESECT* near PERIANAL)

74. (RESECT* near PREANAL)

75. (RESECT* near ANO)

76. (RESECT* near ANI)

77. (EXTIRPAT* near RECTUM)

78. (EXTIRPAT* near RECTAL)

79. (EXTIRPAT* near RECTI)

80. (EXTIRPAT* near ENDORECT*)

81. (EXTIRPAT* near RECTOAN*)

82. (EXTIRPAT* near ANORECT*)

83. (EXTIRPAT* near PERIANAL)

84. (EXTIRPAT* near PREANAL)

85. (EXTIRPAT* near ANO)

86. (EXTIRPAT* near ANI)

87. PROCTOPEX*

88. RECTOPEX*

89. (ANOMAL* near RECTUM)

90. (ANOMAL* near RECTAL)

91. (ANOMAL* near RECTI)

92. (ANOMAL* near ENDORECT*)

93. (ANOMAL* near RECTOAN*)

94. (ANOMAL* near ANORECT*)

95. (ANOMAL* near PERIANAL)

96. (ANOMAL* near PREANAL)

97. (ANOMAL* near ANO)

98. (ANOMAL* near ANI)

99. (MALFORM* near RECTUM)

100. (MALFORM* near RECTAL)

101. (MALFORM* near RECTI)

102. (MALFORM* near ENDORECT*)

103. (MALFORM* near RECTOAN*)

104. (MALFORM* near ANORECT*)

105. (MALFORM* near PERIANAL)

106. (MALFORM* near PREANAL)

107. (MALFORM* near ANO)

108. (MALFORM* near ANI)

109. (DEFECT* near RECTUM)

110. (DEFECT* near RECTAL)

111. (DEFECT* near RECTI)

112. (DEFECT* near ENDORECT*)

113. (DEFECT* near RECTOAN*)

114. (DEFECT* near ANORECT*)

115. (DEFECT* near PERIANAL)

116. (DEFECT* near PREANAL)

117. (DEFECT* near ANO)

118. (DEFECT* near ANI)

119. (FISTULA* near RECTUM)

120. (FISTULA* near RECTAL)

121. (FISTULA* near RECTI)

122. (FISTULA* near ENDORECT*)

123. (FISTULA* near RECTOAN*)

124. (FISTULA* near ANORECT*)

125. (FISTULA* near PERIANAL)

126. (FISTULA* near PREANAL)

127. (FISTULA* near ANO)

128. (FISTULA* near ANI)

129. (FISTULA* near RECTOVAGINA*)

130. (FISTULA* near VAGINORECTAL)

131. (FISTULA* near VAGINA*)

132. (FISTULA* near SKIN*)

133. (FISTULA* near CUTANEOUS)

134. (FISTULA* near ENTEROCUTANEOUS)

135. (FISTULA* near ENTEROVESIC*)

136. INCONTINEN*

137. CONTINEN*

138. ANAL

139. PROTOCOLECTOM*

140. PROCTOCOLECTOM*

141. RECTOCOLECTOM*

142. (PUDEND* near NEUROPATH*)

143. (PUDEND* near LATENC*)

144. (LORD* near STRETCH*)

145. MEGARECTUM*

146. (TRANSPOSIT* near SPHINCTER*)

147. (EXTERNAL* near SPHINCTER*)

148. (POLYVINYL near ALCOHOL)

149. ANOPLAST*

150. (RECONSTRUCT* near RECTUM)

151. (RECONSTRUCT* near RECTAL)

152. (RECONSTRUCT* near RECTI)

153. (RECONSTRUCT* near ENDORECT*)

154. (RECONSTRUCT* near RECTOAN*)

155. (RECONSTRUCT* near ANORECT*)

156. (RECONSTRUCT* near PERIANAL)

157. (RECONSTRUCT* near PREANAL)

158. (RECONSTRUCT* near ANO)

159. (RECONSTRUCT* near ANI)

160. RIPSTEIN

161. DELORME

162. (WELLS and (((((RECTUM or RECTAL) or RECTI) or ENDORECT*) or RECTOAN*) or

ANORECT*))

163. GRACILOPLAST*

164. (SOAVE near RESECT*)

165. (PERINE* near RESECT*)

166. (ABDOMINOPERINE* near RESECT*)

167. (ABDOMINOPERINE* near EXTIRPAT*)

168. (IVALON near SPONGE*)

169. THIERSCH

170. MUCOSECTOM*

171. MUCUSECTOM*

172. MUCOSALECTOM*

173. MUCOSAECTOM*

174. (ACE near RECTUM)

175. (ACE near RECTAL)

176. (ACE near RECTI)

177. (ACE near ENDORECT*)

178. (ACE near RECTOAN*)

179. (ACE near ANORECT*)

180. (ACE near PERIANAL)

181. (ACE near PREANAL)

182. (ACE near ANO)

183. (ACE near ANI)

184. (ACE near FECAL)

185. (ACE near FAECAL)

186. (ACE near FECES)

187. (ACE near FAECES)

188. (SUPPORT* near RECTUM)

189. (SUPPORT* near RECTAL)

190. (SUPPORT* near RECTI)

191. (SUPPORT* near ENDORECT*)

192. (SUPPORT* near RECTOAN*)

193. (SUPPORT* near ANORECT*)

194. (SUPPORT* near PERIANAL)

195. (SUPPORT* near PREANAL)

196. (SUPPORT* near ANO)

197. (SUPPORT* near ANI)

198. (SLING* near RECTUM)

199. (SLING* near RECTAL)

200. (SLING* near RECTI)

201. (SLING* near ENDORECT*)

202. (SLING* near RECTOAN*)

203. (SLING* near ANORECT*)

204. (SLING* near PERIANAL)

205. (SLING* near PREANAL)

206. (SLING* near ANO)

207. (SLING* near ANI)

208. LEVATORPLAST*

209. (LEAK* near FECAL)

210. (LEAK* near FAECAL)

211. (LEAK* near FECES)

212. (LEAK* near FAECES)

213. (LEAK* near STOOL*)

214. (LEAK* near MOTION*)

215. NEOSPHINCTER*

216. (INTERNAL near SPHINCTER*)

217. POSTANAL

218. SPHINCTEROPLAST*

219. (ARTIFICIAL near SPHINCTER*)

220. ENCOPRESIS

221. RECTOCELE

222. RECTOCOELE

223. (SOIL* near FAECES)

224. (SOIL* near FECES)

225. (SOIL* near FECAL)

226. (SOIL* near FAECAL)

227. (BOWEL* near MANAG*)

228. ELIMINATION‐DISORDERS:ME

229. (ELIMINATION near DISORDER*)

230. (EXPEL* near FAECES)

231. (EXPEL* near FECES)

232. (EXPEL* near FAECAL)

233. (EXPEL* near FECAL)

234. (EXPUL* near FAECES)

235. (EXPUL* near FECES)

236. (EXPUL* near FAECAL)

237. (EXPUL* near FECAL)

238. MEGACOLON

239. (RETENTION near FAECES)

240. (RETENTION near FECES)

241. (RETENTION near FECAL)

242. (RETENTION near FAECAL)

243. ANISMUS

244. (SPASTIC near COLON*)

245. (SPASTIC near BOWEL*)

246. CONSTIPATION*

247. (URGE* near FAECES)

248. (URGE* near FECES)

249. (URGE* near FECAL)

250. (URGE* near FAECAL)

251. (FREQUEN* near FAEC*)

252. (FREQUEN* near FECES)

253. (FREQUEN* near FECAL)

254. (URGE* near STOOL*)

255. (SPHINCTER* near HYPOTONI*)

256. (EVACUAT* near FAEC*)

257. (EVACUAT* near FECAL)

258. (EVACUAT* near FECES)

259. (EVACUAT* near STOOL*)

260. (EVACUAT* near MOTION*)

261. (EVACUAT* near BOWEL*)

262. (VOLUNTARY near PLACEMENT*)

263. (ABNORMAL near PLACEMENT*)

264. DYSCHEZIA

265. OBSTIPATION

266. SOILING

267. (BOWEL* near CONTROL*)

268. HIRSCHSPRUNG‐DISEASE*:ME

(COLON* near AGANGLIONOSIS)

269. MEGACOLON*

270. (COLON* near INERTIA)

271. (PELVIC near DYSSYNERG*)

272. (PELVIC near DYSYNERG*)

273. (SEEP* near FAEC*)

274. (SEEP* near FECES)

275. (SEEP* near FECAL)

276. (SEEP* near STOOL*)

277. (SEEP* near MOTION*)

278. (LOSS near FAEC*)

279. (LOSS near FECAL)

280. (LOSS near FECES)

281. (LOSS near STOOL*)

282. (LOSS near MOTION*)

283. (URGE* near DEFECAT*)

284. (URGE* near DEFAECAT*)

285. (FREQUEN* near DEFECAT*)

286. (FREQUEN* near DEFAECAT*)

287. SPINAL‐CORD‐INJURIES*:ME

288. BOWEL*

289. (#287 and #288)

290. ENCOPRETIC

291. (BOWEL* near NEURO*)

292. (BOWEL* near PROGRAM*)

The topic specific search terms were combined with the boolean operator OR and the

contents of the Incontinence Group's specialised register held within the CENTRAL

database were removed from the search results using the boolean operator NOT. No terms

were used to identify RCTs or CCTs as all the records within CENTRAL are RCTs or CCTs.

KEY TO CENTRAL SEARCH STRATEGY: * = wildcard; :ME = MeSH term

CINAHL (on EBSCOhost)

Search for incontinence (urinary or faecal) or overactive bladder related trials

This database was last searched on 14 October 2016 using the following search strategy.

The search is limited by entry month (EM). (The initial search on EBSCO covered EM 2008*

to EM 2016* to pick up those trials added to CINAHL since a search was last run in CINAHL

on OVID in 2008.) The most recent date listed in EM was 20160511.

S31

S23 AND S30

S30

S24 OR S25 OR S26 OR S27 OR S28 OR S29

S29

TI overactiv* N3 bladder* OR AB overactiv* N3 bladder*

S28

TI urin* N3 leak* OR AB urin* N3 leak*

S27

TI ( incontinen* OR continen* ) OR AB ( incontinen* OR continen* )

S26

MH incontinence

S25

MH overactive bladder

S24

MH Urinary incontinence+

S23

S1 or S2 or S3 or S4 or S5 or S6 or S7 or S8 or S9 or S10 or S11 or S12 or S13 or S14 or

S15 or S16 or S17 or S18 or S19 or S20 or S21 or S22

S22

TI ( singl* N25 blind* OR singl* N25 mask* OR doubl* N25 blind* or doubl* N25 mask* OR

trebl* N25 blind* OR trebl* N25 mask*OR tripl* N25 blind* OR tripl* N25 mask* ) or AB (

singl* N25 blind* OR singl* N25 mask* OR doubl* N25 blind* or doubl* N25 mask* OR trebl*

N25 blind* OR trebl* N25 mask*OR tripl* N25 blind* OR tripl* N25 mask* )

S21

(MH "Comparative Studies")

S20

(MH "Clinical Research+")

S19

(MH "Static Group Comparison")

S18

(MH "Quantitative Studies")

S17

(MH "Crossover Design") or (MH "Solomon Four‐Group Design")

S16

(MH "Factorial Design")

S15

(MH "Community Trials")

S14

(MH "Random Sample")

S13

TI balance* N2 block* or AB balance* N2 block*

S12

TI "latin square" or AB "latin square"

S11

TI factorial or AB factorial

S10

TI clin* N25 trial* or AB clin* N25 trial*

S9

(MH "Study Design")

S8

(AB random*) OR (TI random*)

S7

(AB placebo*) OR (TI placebo*)

S6

(MH "Placebos")

S5

PT Clinical Trial OR (PT "randomized controlled trial")

S4

(MH "Clinical Trials+")

S3

MH (random assignment) OR (crossover design)

S2

cross‐over

S1

crossover

Search for urinary catheter related trials

This search strategy was last run on 12 May 2016 (covering December 1981 to 20160511

(entry month)):

#

Query

S34

S23 AND S33

S33

S24 OR S25 OR S26 OR S27 OR S28 OR S29 OR S30 OR S31 OR S32

S32

TX intermittent* N6 catheter*

S31

TX suprapubic* N6 catheter*

S30

TX vesic* N6 catheter*

S29

TX bladder* N6 catheter*

S28

TX urethra* N6 catheter*

S27

TI urin* N6 catheter* OR AB urin* N6 catheter*

S26

(MH "Catheter Removal") OR (MH "Sheath Removal") OR (MH "Urinary Catheter Care

(Saba CCC)") OR (MH "Urinary Catheter Insertion (Saba CCC)") OR (MH "Urinary Catheter

Irrigation (Saba CCC)") OR (MH "Urinary Tract Infections, Catheter‐Related") OR (MH

"Urinary Catheterization+") OR (MH "Catheters, Urinary+")

S25

(MH "Catheter Occlusion")

S24

(MH "Catheter Care, Urinary+")

S23

S1 or S2 or S3 or S4 or S5 or S6 or S7 or S8 or S9 or S10 or S11 or S12 or S13 or S14 or

S15 or S16 or S17 or S18 or S19 or S20 or S21 or S22

S22

TI ( singl* N25 blind* OR singl* N25 mask* OR doubl* N25 blind* or doubl* N25 mask* OR

trebl* N25 blind* OR trebl* N25 mask*OR tripl* N25 blind* OR tripl* N25 mask* ) or AB (

singl* N25 blind* OR singl* N25 mask* OR doubl* N25 blind* or doubl* N25 mask* OR trebl*

N25 blind* OR trebl* N25 mask*OR tripl* N25 blind* OR tripl* N25 mask* )

S21

(MH "Comparative Studies")

S20

(MH "Clinical Research+")

S19

(MH "Static Group Comparison")

S18

(MH "Quantitative Studies")

S17

(MH "Crossover Design") or (MH "Solomon Four‐Group Design")

S16

(MH "Factorial Design")

S15

(MH "Community Trials")

S14

(MH "Random Sample")

S13

TI balance* N2 block* or AB balance* N2 block*

S12

TI "latin square" or AB "latin square"

S11

TI factorial or AB factorial

S10

TI clin* N25 trial* or AB clin* N25 trial*

S9

(MH "Study Design")

S8

(AB random*) OR (TI random*)

S7

(AB placebo*) OR (TI placebo*)

S6

(MH "Placebos")

S5

(PT Clinical Trial) OR (PT "randomized controlled trial")

S4

(MH "Clinical Trials+")

S3

MH (random assignment) OR (crossover design)

S2

cross‐over

S1

crossover

27 January 2016: An updated search of CINAHL is now being run covering from 1 January

2008 to 26 January 2016 (entry month) to find urinary incontinence related trials for the

Specialised Register.

CINAHL From January 2009 to 31 December 2015: Following the move of CINAHL to the

EBSCO platform this database was only searched for individual reviews on request of review

authors.

CINAHL on OVID (years searched: January 1982 to Week 3 November 2008) Date of last

search: 1 December 2008. The following search strategy was used:

1 randomized controlled trials/

2 clinical trial.pt.

3 exp clinical trials/

4 placebos/

5 placebo$.tw.

6 random$.tw.

7 research design/

8 volunteer$.tw.

9 (clin$ adj25 trial$).tw.

10 ((singl$ or doubl$ or trebl$ or tripl$) adj25 (blind$ or mask$)).tw.

11 factorial.tw.

12 crossover.tw.

13 latin square.tw.

14 (balance$ adj2 block$).tw.

15 (animals not humans).sh.

16 random assignment/

17 exp clinical trials/

18 community trials/ or factorial design/ or solomon four‐group design/ or quantitative

studies/

19 crossover design/ or static group comparison/

20 exp clinical research/

21 or/1‐14

22 or/16‐20

23 21 or 22

24 23 not 15

25 toilet$.tw.



28 incontinence pads/

29 urodynamics/

30 urinary sphincter, artificial/

31 urodynamic$.tw.

32 urinary catheterization/

33 exp bladder fistula/

34 toilet training/


36 vaginal fistula/

37 vesicovaginal fistula/

38 "pelvic floor"/

39 perineomet$.tw.

40 interferential.tw.

41 cystitis, interstitial/

42 nycturia.tw.

43 ((vesic$ or bladder or vagina$) adj5 (support$ or prosthes$)).tw.

44 (bladder adj5 (train$ or retrain$)).tw.

45 mmk.tw.

46 marshall marchetti krantz.tw.

47 burch.tw.

48 ((bladder or neck or vesic$) adj5 suspen$).tw.

49 colposuspension$.tw.

50 guittes.tw.

51 colporrhaph$.tw.

52 pereyra.tw.

53 urethrosuspension$.tw.

54 cystoplast$.tw.

55 urethropex$.tw.

56 lyodura$.tw.

57 colpoperineoplast$.tw.

58 urethrocervicopex$.tw.

59 stamey.tw.

60 interstitial cystitis.tw.

61 (fistula$ adj5 (bladder or vesic$ or bladder‐vagina$ or urin$ or vagina$ or uretero‐vagina$

or ureterovagina$ or urogenital or genitourin$)).tw.

62 raz.tw.

63 ((urin$ or bladder) adj5 sphincter$).tw.

64 ((bladder or detrusor or vesic$) adj5 (instability or stab$ or unstable or irritab$ or

hyperreflexia or dys?ynerg$ or dyskinesi$ or irritat$)).tw.

65 (void$ adj5 (prompt$ or diar$)).tw.

66 urethral syndrome.tw.

67 (urethra$ adj2 sphincter$).tw.

68 (bladder adj2 neck).tw.

69 (urin$ adj2 leak$).tw.

70 urinary fistula/

71 dribbl$.tw.

72 diaper$.tw.

73 bladder, neurogenic/

74 (bladder adj1 ulcer$).tw.

75 (hunner adj1 ulcer$).tw.

76 (vesic$ adj1 (neck$ or cervi$)).tw.

77 cystostomy.tw.

78 cystostomy/

79 vesicostom$.tw.

80 cystostom$.tw.

81 colporraph$.tw.

82 (fistula$ adj1 (urethra$ or colovesic$ or cystocol$ or cystovagina$ or vagino$)).tw.

83 (sling$ adj1 procedure$).tw.

84 (pelvi$ adj5 rehab$).tw.

85 ((bladder or detrusor or vesic$) adj2 (hyper$ or overactiv$)).tw.

86 (urin$ adj2 extravasat$).tw.

87 ((urin$ or bladder or urethra$) adj1 (prosthes$ or endoprosthes$)).tw.

88 (detrusor adj1 sphincter$).tw.

89 (spinal adj2 bladder$).tw.

90 (bladder$ adj2 (neuropath$ or neurogen$ neurolog$)).tw.

91 bodyworn$.tw.

92 underpad$.tw.

93 (nervous adj1 pollakisur$).tw.

94 *prostate/

95 *prostatectomy/

96 *prostatic hyperplasia/

97 *prostatic neoplasm/

98 *prostatic neoplasms/

99 *bladder neoplasms/

100 *urinary tract infections/

101 *prostatitis/

102 *prostatic diseases/

103 or/94‐102

104 urotherapy.tw.

105 (void$ adj2 dysfunct$).tw.

106 incontinence/ or urinary incontinence/

107 "functional incontinence (nanda)"/ or "reflex incontinence (nanda)"/ or "stress

incontinence (nanda)"/ or "total incontinence (nanda)"/

108 INCONTINENCE/ or "STRESS INCONTINENCE (NANDA)"/ or "URINARY

INCONTINENCE CARE (SABA CCC)"/ or INCONTINENCE AIDS/ or "REFLEX URINARY

INCONTINENCE (SABA CCC)"/ or "URGE URINARY INCONTINENCE (SABA CCC)"/ or

"STRESS URINARY INCONTINENCE (SABA CCC)"/ or "URINARY INCONTINENCE CARE

(IOWA NIC)"/ or URGE INCONTINENCE/ or "TOTAL URINARY INCONTINENCE (SABA

CCC)"/ or "REFLEX INCONTINENCE (NANDA)"/ or URINARY INCONTINENCE/ or

"URINARY INCONTINENCE AND FREQUENCY COMFORT QUESTIONNAIRE"/ or "URGE

INCONTINENCE (NANDA)"/ or STRESS INCONTINENCE/ or "TOTAL INCONTINENCE

(NANDA)"/

109 Continence Advisors/

110 "urinary continence: (iowa noc)"/

111 INCONTINENCE/ or "FUNCTIONAL INCONTINENCE (NANDA)"/ or "FUNCTIONAL

URINARY INCONTINENCE (SABA CCC)"/

112 or/25‐93

113 or/104‐111

114 112 or 113

115 114 not 103

116 115 and 24

CINAHL (CINAHL Information Systems, USA ‐ Citation Index of the Nursing and Allied

Health Literature) on SilverPlatter (ASCII 3.0 DOS N) was searched from 1982 to December

2000 in February 2001. The following search strategy was used:

Design methodology search terms :

1 Randomized controlled trials in DE

2 explode Clinical trials in DE

3 explode Clinical research in DE

4 Research in DE

5 Random assignment in DE

6 DT = Research

7 Placebos in DE

8 explode Study design in DE

9 (clin* near trial*) in TI

10 (clin* near trial*) in AB

11 (singl* or doubl* or trebl* or tripl*) near (blind* or mask*)

12 (#11 in TI) or (#11 in AB)

13 (placebo* in TI) or (placebo* in AB)

14 (random* in TI) or (random* in AB)

15 (volunteer* in TI) or (volunteer* in AB)

16 #1 or #2 or #3 or #4 or #5 or #6 or #7 or #8 or #9 or #10 or #11 or #12 or #13 or #14 or

#15

The topic specific terms described below were combined with the general trials search terms

described above using the boolean operator 'AND'.

Urinary Incontinence:

1 explode Urinary incontinence in DE

2 Urinary sphincter, artificial in DE

3 Incontinence aids in DE

4 Urodynamics in DE

5 Urinary diversion in DE

6 Urethra in DE

7 Parasympatholytics in DE

8 Urinary catheterization in DE

9 Urination disorders in DE

10 explode Altered urinary elimination (NANDA) in DE

11 explode Urinary elimination alteration(saba HHCC) in DE

12 Catheters, urinary in DE

13 explode Urinary fistula in DE

14 explode Vaginal fistula in DE

15 Urologic Nursing in DE

16 Urination in DE

17 Urinary elimination management in DE

18 Urinary incontinence care in DE

19 Tube care; Urinary Iowa NIC in DE

20 explode Urinary Catheterization Iowa NIC in DE

21 (void* near2 (difficult* or problem* or disorder* or impair* or control*)

22 (#21 in TI) or (#21 in AB)

23 (Urin* near10 incontinen*)

24 (#23 in TI) or (#23 in AB)

25 (bladder near10 (incontinen* or continen*))

26 (#25 in TI) or (#25 in AB)

27 (detrusor near10 (instability or stability or stable or unstable))

28 (#27 in TI) or (#27 in AB)

29 (bladder near10 (instability or stability or stable or unstable))

30 (#29 in TI) or (#29 in AB)

31 (stress or urge or pad*) near10 (continen* or incontinen*)

32 (#31 in TI) or (#31 in AB)

33 (urin* near10 (sphincter* or diversion* or reservoir*)

34 (#33 in TI) or (#33 in AB)

35 (urodynamic* in TI) or (urodynamic* in AB)

36 (urethra* or (urethra* obstruction*))

37 (#36 in TI) or (#36 in AB)

Lines 1 to 37 inclusively were combined together with the boolean operator 'OR'.

Faecal Incontinence:

1 explode Bowel elimination component (Saba HHCC) in DE

2 Fecal incontinence in DE

3 Anus in DE

4 Defecation in DE

5 Feces, impacted in DE

6 explode Elimination management (Iowa NIC) in DE

7 explode Altered bowel function (NANDA) in DE

8 explode Bowel and bladder management in DE

9 (fecal or faecal or bowel) near10 (incontinen* or continen*)

10 (#9 in TI) or (#9 in AB)

11 anus or anal or defecat* or defaecat*

12 (#11 in TI) or (#11 in AB)

13 (eliminat* near10 (urin* or fec* or faec*)

14 (#13 in TI) or (#13 in AB)

Lines 1 to 14 inclusive were combined using the boolean operator 'OR'

Enuresis:

1 enuresis in DE

2 (enuresis in TI) or (enuresis in AB)

3 #1 or #2

(More terms are planned to cover bedwetting, diurnal wetting, etc)

Encopresis:

1 (encopresis in TI) or (encopresis in AB)

(Encopresis is included in the descriptor term 'Fecal incontinence' used in the faecal

incontinence search terms above.)

Key to CINAHL search: DE = descriptor; TI = title; AB = abstract; * = wildcard; near = word in

the same sentence as this word; DT = document type.

Embase A separate search of Embase is not run for the Cochrane Incontinence Specialised Register

as a search is run centrally for the Cochrane Collaboration and the resulting records are

incorporated into CENTRAL.Since November 2014 conference abstracts from Embase now

appear in CENTRAL. For further details please see 'Identifying Embase RCTs and CCTs for

inclusion in CENTRAL' at: http://www.cochranelibrary.com/help/central‐creation‐details.html.

http://www.cochranelibrary.com/help/central-creation-details.html

Clinical Trials Results Registers and Platforms

The search strategies used in the following clinical trials results registers and platforms are

given below.

ClinicalTrials.gov

WHO ICTRP

UK Clinical Research Network Portfolio

ClinicalTrials.gov

The plan is to update these searches on a three monthly basis. Date of last search: 3

October 2017 (via the Central Register of Studies (CRS) software, Metaxis) using the

following search terms (in the simple search command line in CRS):

Search string 1: Continent OR continence OR incontinent OR incontinence OR overactive

OR overactivity OR enuresis OR enuretic OR rectal prolapse OR rectocoele OR rectocele

OR posterior vaginal wall prolapse OR prolapsed rectum

Search string 2: cystocele OR cystocoele OR urethrocoele OR urethrocele OR cervix

prolapse OR cervical prolapse OR pelvis prolapse OR pelvic prolapse OR bladder prolapse

OR uterus prolapse OR uterine prolapse OR genital prolapse OR vaginal prolapse OR

vagina prolapse

Search string 3: urinary retention OR retention urine OR voiding dysfunction OR bladder

spasm OR vault prolapse OR apical prolapse OR pelvic organ prolapse

Search string 4: urinary catheter OR urinary catheters OR urinary catheterisation OR urinary

catheterization OR transurethral catheter OR bladder catheter OR indwelling catheter OR

suprapubic catheter

Search string 5: = interstitial cystitis OR bladder pain syndrome OR pain bladder syndrome

OR painful bladder syndrome OR urethral syndrome

STRING 6 = urotherapy ORbedwetting OR bed‐wetting OR toileting OR toiletting OR toilet*

OR diurnalwetting OR daytime wetting OR day‐time wetting OR nightime wetting OR

nighttimewetting OR night‐time wetting

WHO ICTRP

The plan is to update this search of WHO ICTRP on a regular basis (every 3 to 6 months).

Those records picked up by the searches that come from ClinicalTrials.gov were NOT

reassessed as following preliminary searches no extra trials had been found that hadn't

already been picked up by the separate search of ClinicalTrials.gov via CRS standalone

version. Date of last search: 29 September 2017. The following search terms were used:

Search string 1: enuresis OR bed wet* OR bedwet* OR bed‐wet* OR incontinence OR

continent OR continence OR incontinent OR urinary catheter* OR catheterised OR

catheterized OR urethra* catheter*

https://clinicaltrials.gov/

http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/


Search string 2: cystocele OR cystocoele OR urethrocoele OR urethrocele OR cervi*

prolapse OR pelvi* prolapse OR bladder prolapse OR uter* prolapse OR genit* prolapse OR

vag* prolapse OR vault prolapse OR apical prolapse OR pelvic organ prolapse

Search string 3: voiding dysfunction OR dysfunctional voiding OR urinary retention

Search string 4: interstitial cystitis OR bladder pain syndrome OR pain bladder syndrome OR

painful bladder syndrome OR urethral syndrome

Tested the term 'enuretic' on 21 October 2014 it was not a useful term.

UK Clinical Research Network Portfolio (UKCRN - Public).

UK Clinical Research Network Study Portfolio, available at: http://public.ukcrn.org.uk/search/

will be searched annually. Terms used (in Research Summary): incontinence (screened only

'interventional'); incontinent; continent; continence. (UKCRN does not allow truncation).

Date of last search: 20 January 2016. (Please note that UK Clinical Trials Gateway replaces

the UK Clinical Research Network Portfolio)

References

Alderson P, Green S, Higgins JPT, editors. Locating and selecting studies for reviews.

Cochrane Reviewers’ Handbook 4.2.2 [updated March 2004]; Section 5. In: The Cochrane

Library, Issue 1, 2004. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


https://www.ukctg.nihr.ac.uk/clinical-trials/search-for-a-clinical-trial/

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