coastal patrol base 3 teachers guide

8/2/2019 Coastal Patrol Base 3 Teachers Guide

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PreparedbytheHistoricalSocietyofPalmBeachCounty

2010HistoricalSocietyofPalmBeachCounty


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WarinFloridaWaters19421943

EyesoftheHomeSkiesExhibitDates:February September2010

RememberingCoastalPatrol3,CivilAirPatrol

DuringtheopeningmonthsofWorldWarIIalittleknownstoryofthewartookplaceatLantanaAirportinPalm

BeachCounty.Forseventeenmonths,agroupofvolunteersservingintheCivilAirPatrolhelpedfightoneof

thebiggestthreatstoourcountryssafety:GermansubmarinescalledUBoats.Theyhuntedtheirpreyalong

theEastCoastoftheUnitedStatesandintheGulfofMexico.MenandwomenoftheCivilAirPatrol

volunteeredtheirtimeandresourcestohelpprotectourshoresfromtheUboatmenace.

EuropewasalreadyatwarandtheGermanUboatsweredestroyingalliedshippingintheAtlantic.By1940the

fourthousandstrongFloridaNationalGuardhadbeencalledintoservice.Thisleftthestatewithoutanyoneto

respondto

state

emergencies.

The

Florida

Legislature

and

Governor

Spessard

Holland

established

the

Florida

DefenseForceinApril1941.OnemonthlatertheFirstAirSquadron,anaviationdivisionoftheFloridaDefense

Force,wasestablishedatMorrisonFieldinWestPalmBeach.OnDecember1,1941justsixdaysbeforethe

JapaneseattackonPearlHarbortheCivilAirPatrolwasestablishedandtheFirstAirSquadronwasassimilated

intotheCivilAirPatrol.WiththeestablishmentoftheCAP,civilianpilotsandaviationenthusiastswereableto

puttheirskillsandprivate,lightplanestouseforcivildefenseefforts.

Thetemporaryexhibition,whichcommemoratesthehistoryofCivilAirPatrolsCoastalPatrol3,isafascinating

storyisonewhoseimpactisstillfeltandrememberedinthiscommunity.TheCivilAirPatrol(CAP)workedto

fillthewartimevoidbyprovidingsmallcivilianairplanesforantisubmarinepatrolsalongthecoastuntilthe

militarycould

take

over

the

mission.

Exhibit

highlights

include:

cartoons

and

an

authentic

CAP

uniform

from

ZackMosley,nationallyknowncomicstripartist;WorldWarIICAPinsigniaandhats,replicaofalifesaving

deviceknownasabarracudabucket;andotherartifacts.

ThisexhibitismadepossiblebythegeneroussponsorshipsoftheMarshallE.Rinker,Sr.Foundation,Inc.and

FloridaAirmotive,Inc.

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TeachersGuidetotheSpecialExhibit

WarinFloridaWaters19421943:

EyesoftheHomeSkies

ForTeachers:

All

sections

of

this

guide

may

be

reproduced

for

your

students.

SuggestedActivities

Pleaseseepages

SuggestedReading

Burnham,FrankA. HeroNextDoor:TheStoryoftheCivilAirPatrol

Hoyt,EdwinP. Uboatsoffshore:WhenHitlerStruckAmerica

Gannon,Michael. OperationDrumbeat:TheDramaticTrueStoryofGermanys

FirstU

Boat

Attacks

Along

the

American

Coast

in

World

War

II

Hickham,HomerH.Jr. TorpedoJunction:UBoatWaroffAmericasEastCoast,1942

Keefer,LouisE. FromMainetoMexico:WithAmerica'sPrivatePilotsin

theFightagainstNaziUBoats

Morison,SamuelEliot. TheBattleoftheAtlantic,September1939May1943,Vol.1

Neprud,RobertE. FlyingMinuteMen,thestoryoftheCivilAirPatrol

Paterson,Lawrence. UBoatWarPatrol:TheHiddenPhotographicDiaryofU564

WebsitestoVisit

NationalMuseumoftheCivilAirPatrol http://www.caphistory.org

CAPCoastalPatrolHistory60Years http://history.nhq.cap.gov

HistoryoftheCivilAirPatrol www.armedforceshistory.org/Civil_Air_Patrol_History.html

OperationDrumbeat http://uboat.net/ops/drumbeat.htm

UBoatArchive http://www.uboatarchive.net

Uboat http://www.uboat.net

GermanUBoatsandBattleoftheAtlantic http://www.uboataces.com

4
http://www.caphistory.org/http://history.nhq.cap.gov/http://www.armedforceshistory.org/Civil_Air_Patrol_History.htmlhttp://uboat.net/ops/drumbeat.htmhttp://www.uboatarchive.net/http://www.uboat.net/http://www.uboataces.com/http://www.uboataces.com/http://www.uboat.net/http://www.uboatarchive.net/http://uboat.net/ops/drumbeat.htmhttp://www.armedforceshistory.org/Civil_Air_Patrol_History.htmlhttp://history.nhq.cap.gov/http://www.caphistory.org/


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FloridaSunshineStateStandards

4th Grade

SocialStudies

SS.4.A.1.1 Analyzeprimaryandsecondaryresourcestoidentifyindividualsandevents

throughoutFloridaHistory.

SS.4.A.1.2 SynthesizeinformationrelatedtoFloridahistorythroughprintand

electronicmedia.

SS.4.A.7.3 IdentifyFloridas

Role

in

World

War

II.

SS.4.A.9.1 UtilizetimelinestosequencekeyeventsinFloridaHistory.

LanguageArts

LA.4.1.6.1 Usenewvocabularythatisintroducedandtaughtdirectly.

LA.4.2.2.2 Useinformationfromthetexttoanswerquestionsrelatedtoexplicitlystatedmain

ideasorrelevantdetails.

LA.4.4.1.1 Writenarrativesbasedonrealorimaginedideas,events,orobservationsthatinclude

characters,setting,plot,sensorydetails,alogicalsequenceofevents,andacontext

toenablethereadertoimaginetheworldoftheeventorexperience.

LA.4.6.2.1 Selectatopicforinquiry,refineapredeterminedsearchplan.

VisualArts

VA.A.1.2.1 Useandorganizetwodimensionalandthreedimensionalmedia,

techniques,tools,andprocessestoproduceworksofartthatare

derivedfrompersonalexperience,observation,orimagination.

VA.A.1.2.4 Usegoodcraftsmanshipinavarietyoftwodimensionalandthree

dimensionalmedia.

8th Grade

SocialStudies

SS.8.A.1.2 Analyzecharts,graphs,maps,photographsandtimelines;analyze

politicalcartoons;determinecauseandeffect.

Language

ArtsLA.8.1.6.1 Thestudentwill usenewvocabularythatisintroducedandtaughtdirectly

LA.8.3.5.1 Thestudentwill preparewritingusingtechnologyinaformat

appropriatetoaudienceandpurpose(e.g.,manuscript,multimedia).

9th12th Grades

SocialStudies

SS.912.A.6.1 Examinecauses,course,andconsequencesofWorldWarIIontheUnitedStatesand

theworld. UnderstandthecausesandcourseofWorldWarII,thecharacterofthe

warathomeandabroad,anditsreshapingoftheUnitedStatesroleinthepostwar

world.

SS.912.W.7.7 TracethecausesandkeyeventsrelatedtoWorldWarII.

LanguageArts

LA.910.1.6.1 Thestudentwillusenewvocabularythatisintroducedandtaught

LA.1112.1.6.1 directly

LA.910.3.5.1 Thestudentwill preparewritingusingtechnologyinaformat

LA.1112.3.5.1 Appropriatetothepurpose(e.g.,fordisplay,multimedia).

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Advocate Someonewhodefendsormaintainsacauseorproposal;

someonewhosupportsorpromotestheinterestsof

another.

BarracudaBucket

A

barracuda

bucket

is

ahomemade

flotation

device

and

agreencanvasbagattachedtoalargerubberinnertube

PuddleJumper Anicknamecivilianaviatorscalledtheirsmallaircraft.

Othernicknameswereaerialeggbeater,grasshopper,

andflyingjeep.

PBY TheConsolidatedPBYCatalinawasanAmericanflying

boatinthe1930sand1940sproducedbyConsolidated

Aircraft.DuringWorldWarII,everybranchofthemilitary

usedthe

PBY.

PBYs

were

used

in

anti

submarine

patrols,

convoyescorts,searchandrescuemissions,andcargo

transport.

Paukenschlag ThisisGermanfordrumbeat.Thenamewasgivento

theGermanOperationPaukenschlag inJanuary1942

whenGermanUboatsattackedalliedshippingalong

theU.S.eastcoast.

Unterseeboot Unterseeboot isGermanforunderseaboatorsubmarine

TheabbreviatedversionisUBootorinEnglishUboat.

MaeWest Apersonalflotationdevice(alsoreferredtoas,

lifejacket,lifepreserver,MaeWest,lifevest,etc.)is

adevicedesignedtoassistawearer,either

consciousorunconscious,tokeepafloatwithhisor

hermouthandnose(airway)ofhisorherhead's

faceabovethewatersurfacewheninoronwater.

Vocabulary

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BackgroundInformationforTeachers

WarinFloridaWaters19421943:EyesoftheHomeSkies

PreludetoWar

AswarloomedoverEuropeinthelate1930s,Americancivilianaviatorsbegantakingacritical

lookatUnitedStatesairpower. Someaviationenthusiaststhoughtthemilitarysairforceswere

unprepared,ill

equipped,

and

incapable

of

defending

the

extensive

coastline

of

the

United

States

shouldwarcometoAmerica. Civilianpilotscametogetherindifferentgroupsatlocalairportsto

discussthesituationandtopreparetheirplanesforuseincaseofanationalemergency. Atthe

forefrontofthismovementwasGillRobbWilson,thefatheroftheCivilAirPatrol.

Inthemid1930sWilson,NewYorkHeraldTribune aviationeditor,DirectorofAviationforNew

Jersey,andpresidentoftheNationalAeronauticsAssociation,traveledtoGermany. Duringhis

visit,GermanLuftwaffecommandgaveWilsonunprecedentedaccesstoobserveGerman

militaryaircraftandtraining. HeevenattendedaspeechgivenbyAdolphHitlerinNuremberg.

OnhisreturntriptotheU.S.,Germanysgrowingairpowerworriedhim. Wilsonconcludedthat

Germanywaspreparingforwar. Hebelieved,asdidotherAmericanaviators,thatairpowerwas

thekey

to

national

defense.

Etched

into

Wilsons

memory

was

aremark

made

by

aGerman

Armyofficer. Theofficer,whohadbeentotheU.S.,said,Youreastcoastisthebestsubmarine

huntinggroundintheworld.

AfterWilsonreturnedtohishomeinNewJersey,hesawcivilaviationasayetuntapped

resourcetobecalleduponintheeventofanationalemergency. Civilianpilotscouldprovide

usefulservicestothenationinacrisisbyprovidinginformation,patrols,disasterrelief,and

transportation. WilsondiscussedwithNewJerseyGovernorCharlesEdisonwhatNewJersey

coulddointheeventofanationalorstateemergency. WithEdisonsapproval,Wilsonbegan

organizingastatecivilianairforcecalledtheNewJerseyCivilAirDefenseServices. On1

September1939,GermanyattackedPolandlaunchingWorldWarII.

FloridaPrepares

for

War

InreactiontothedeclarationsofwarinEurope,in1940theU.S.Congressapproveda

peacetimedraftandincreasedthebudgetforthemilitary. PresidentFranklinD.Roosevelt,in

turn,declaredastateofemergency,allowingtheactivationoftheNationalGuardforfederal

service. WiththeNationalGuardfederalized,CongressamendedtheNationalDefenseActin

October1940allowingeachstatetoestablishanarmedforcetomeettheirinternalsecurity

needs.

InNovember1940,the4,000manFloridaNationalGuardwascalledintofederalservice.

GovernorElectSpessardL.HollandestablishedtheStateDefenseCounciltoorganizeciviliansto

defendFlorida. DuringHollandsinauguralspeech,hepointedoutthatbecauseofFloridas

strategicpositionbetweentheAtlanticOceanandGulfofMexico,thestatehadtomake

preparationsforitsowndefense.

AfterthelastofFloridasNationalGuardunitsenteredactivefederalserviceinJanuary1941,

Hollandorderedthecreationofastateguard.hestatelegislaturepassedChapter20314creating

the FloridaDefenseForce,astateguard,tooperatewhiletheNationalGuardisinfederal

service. Thecreationofthedefenseforcewasoneoftheearliestciviliandefenseforces

organizedintheUnitedStates. Atotalforceof2,105menandwomencomprisedof34infantry

companiesof62meneachwouldbecalledfortotakeoverthedutiesoftheNationalGuard.

OncetheNationalGuardreturnedtostatecontrol,theFDFwouldbedischargedfromstate

service.

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OncetheFDFwasestablished,CompanyE,7th Battalion(laterredesignatedasthe8th

Battalion)wasformedinWestPalmBeachinJuly1941. UnderthecommandofCaptainRichard

D.Hill,theunitestablisheditscompanyheadquartersattheNationalGuardArmorybuildingin

WestPalmBeach,nowtheArmoryArtCenter,leftvacantbythefederalizationofCompanyC,

124th Infantry.

Floridasvastcoastlinepresentedaseriousdefenseproblemforthestate.Thoughlandunits

couldprovidepatrols,therewerelargeuninhabitedareasalongthecoast. Ananswertothis

problem

was

a

civilian

aviation

corps

to

patrol

the

coastal

areas

from

the

air.

By

mid

May

1941,

AdjutantGeneralVivianCollinshadgivenhisapprovalfortheformationofanairsquadronat

MorrisonFieldinWestPalmBeachandappointedWrightIkeVermilya,Jr.,presidentofPalm

BeachAeroCorporation,ascommander. Vermilyawasanexperiencedaviator,aircraftdealer,

WorldWarIpilot,andformerNationalGuardofficer.InJanuary1929,Vermilyahadbecomethe

headofEmbryRiddleFlightSchoolinDaytonaBeach,Florida. Nineyearslater,Vermilya

managedPalmBeachAeroCorporationatMorrisonFieldinWestPalmBeach. InMay1941,he

waschosentoheadthe1st AirSquadron,FloridaDefenseForce. TheninDecember,Vermilyawas

selectedtocommandtheFloridaWingoftheCivilAirPatrolwithhisheadquartersinWestPalm

Beach.VermilyarosetotherankofcolonelandreceivedthemilitarysAirMedalforhisservice

flyingantisubmarinepatrolsduringWorldWarII.

Thesquadrons

missions

included

patrolling

Floridas

coastline,

search

and

rescue,

and

guardingciviliancentersfromtheair. Duringlocalemergencies,itwouldassisttroopsand

transportequipmentfromthestatearsenalinSt.Augustinetovariouslocationsthroughout

Florida. However,thecivilianairunitcouldnotbecalledontoengageinhostilities.

On28May1941,Collinsmusteredinthe1st AirSquadron,FloridaDefenseForce. The

squadronincludedtechnical,headquarters,communications,engineering,andphotographic

sections,plusthreeflightsoffivepilotseach. VermilyasstaffincludedCecilZekeCornelius,

executiveofficer;EdForbes,adjutant;Dr.H.A.Wakefield,flightsurgeon;JakeBoyd,engineer;

ThorneDonnelly,communicationsofficer;JohnArtKeil,photographicofficer;JohnPrince,

supplyofficer;WallyMaier,operationsofficer;andflightcommandersJ.RoyHime,FlightA;

MarshallE.DocRinker,FlightB;andTedKeys,FlightC. Theenlistedranksincludedonefirst

sergeant,two

master

sergeants,

five

staff

sergeants,

thirteen

sergeants,

and

twenty

privates.

CivilAirPatrol

AfterFiorelloLaGuardia,formermayorofNewYorkCity,wasappointedtoheadthenew

federalOfficeofCivilDefense,establishedbypresidentialorderinMay1941,heworkedwithGill

RobbWilson;GuyP.Gannett,ownerofachainofMainenewspapers;ThomasBeck,Chairmanof

CrowellCollierPublishingCompany;andlaterReedLandis,todevelopaplanforanationalcivil

airpatrol. Theplanwastoformaminutemanforcetogainvaluabletimeforthemilitaryto

prepareforthedefenseofthenation. WilsonusedNewJerseysCivilAirDefenseServicesasthe

modelforthenationalplan.Inlate1941theteampresentedtheplantoLaGuardia,who

reviewedand

sent

it

to

General

Henry

H.

Hap

Arnold,

commander

of

the

Army

Air

Corps.

Arnoldlikedtheideaandappointedaboardofarmyaircorpsofficerstoreviewtheplan. Aftera

thoroughexamination,theboardendorsedtheplan. Perhapsfromthebeginning,Arnold

foresawthevaluablecontributionstheCAPcouldmaketowardsthedefenseofthecountryand

theassistanceitcouldoffertothemilitary.

JustsixshortdaysbeforetheJapaneseattackonPearlHarbor,underpresidentialexecutive

order,LaGuardiasignedAdministrativeOrderNo.9establishingtheCivilAirPatrol. TheCAP

wouldbolsterthenationscoastaldefensesandperformawiderangeofdutiesincluding

searchingforenemysubmarines,borderpatrols,andrescuemissions.Withtheestablishmentof

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theCAP,civilianpilotsandaviationenthusiastscouldputtheiraviationskillsandprivate,light

planestouseforcivildefenseefforts. Theopportunitytousetheapproximately100,000civilian

aviatorsandtheir23,000privateaircraftfornationaldefensewasanadvantageforboththe

civilianpilotsandthemilitary. Essentially,theuseofcivilianplaneswouldallowmilitaryaircraft

toperformmoreimmediatemilitarymissions. Formanycivilianpilots,thiswastheonlywaythey

couldflybecausethegovernmentgroundedallcivilianflightsexceptcommercialairlinesafterthe

attackonPearlHarbor. Manyofthesmallcivilianplanes,suchastheStinsonVoyager,were

affectionatelynicknamed,

puddle

jumpers

because

they

were

small

planes

with

low

horsepowerengines. Othernicknamesfortheseplaneswereflyingjeep,grasshopper,or

aerialeggbeater.

OnSundaymorning,7December1941,theJapaneseattackedPearlHarbor,Hawaii,thrusting

theU.S.intowar. NotuntilthateveningdidtheGermanslearnofthesneakattackonthe

Americannavalbase. GermanofficialsknewnothingoftheJapaneseplantoattackU.S.territory.

HadtheGermansknownwhatwasgoingtohappen,theymayhavebeenabletoparticipateby

unleashingasurpriseattackontheAmericaneastcoast.

AftertheU.S.declaredwaronJapan,theGermangovernmentinturndeclaredwaronthe

UnitedStates. HitlerthenorderedUboatstoattackshippingontheU.S.eastcoast. AstheNew

Yearbegan,theGermanslaunchedOperationPaukenschlag (drumbeat)inJanuary1942against

thevulnerable

U.S.

east

coast,

and

then

later

carryed the

campaign

into

the

Caribbean

and

Gulf

ofMexico. ThefirstvictimwastheBritishfreighterSSCyclops torpedoedbyU123whichwas

commandedbyKapitanleutnantReinhard Hardegen on12January1942offCapeCod,

Massachusetts.IntheearlymonthsofOperationPaukenschlag,Uboatcommandersfound

virtuallynoeffectiveantisubmarinemeasuresalongtheeastcoastduringthefirstmonthsofthe

Uboatcampaign. GermanUboatmen,whocrossedtheAtlantictoattackalliedshippingalong

theU.S.eastcoast,referredtothisperiodasthehappytimes.

InJanuary1942,adozentankersandfreightersweresunkordamagedbyUboatsoperating

alongtheeastcoast;withintwomonths,thenumberincreasedtofortytwosunkordamaged

ships. ByJune1942,ninetysevenshipsandapproximately5,000peoplehadbeenlosttoUboat

attacks.

After

April,

the

U.S.

military

was

finally

able

to

launch

effective

counter

measures

to

combatUboatattackswhicheventuallystoppedby1943. Partofthecountermeasureswasthe

useoftheCivilAirPatrolwhichflewantisubmarinepatrolsfromthelastdayofFebruary1942to

August1943.

AU.S.NavalreportlaterstatedTheAxissubmarinecampaignwaswellplanned.Nowhere

elseintheworldcould(Germany)findsuchaconcentrationofshipsinsuchasmallarea.

NorthboundshipscruisedtheGulfStreamwhilesouthboundshipswerefunneledbetweenthe

GulfStreamandtheeastcoastofFlorida. TheUnitedStatesshippinglanesoffFloridawerethe

secondbusiestintheU.S.andratedsixthintheworld. OneoutofeverytwelveshipssunkbyU

boatsoccurredinFloridawaters.

AdmiralErnestKing,CommanderinChief,U.S.Fleet,didnotparticularlyliketheideaofusing

civilaviators

to

carry

out

anti

submarine

patrols.

On

the

other

hand,

the

Army

Air

Corps

had

no

objections. AfewdaysaftertheCAPbeganitspatrolduties,AdmiralAdolphus Andrews,

Commander,NorthAtlanticNavalCoastalFrontier,triedtopersuadetheNavytousetheCAP.

AndrewsthoughtthisscarecrowforcewouldbeabletorestrictGermannavaloperationsalong

theU.S.eastcoast. Kingsreplywassimplethescarecrowpatrolwasrejectedongroundsof

operationaldifficulties. However,afterafewmonthsinoperation,theNavygrudgingly

recognizedthesuccessofCAPcoastalpatrols.

WithArmyAirCorpsapproval,threebaseswereauthorizedtooperateforathreemonthtrial

periodtoevaluateCAPperformance. TheexperimentalbaseswereorganizedatAtlanticCity,

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NewJersey;Rehoboth,Delaware(bothestablishedon28February1942);andWestPalmBeach,

Florida,on30March1942. AfactorintheselectionofWestPalmBeachasoneofthe

experimentalbasesmaybebecausePalmBeachCountyisclosertotheGulfStreamthan

anywhereelseontheeastcoast. Thisshippinglanebecameaprimetargetforenemynaval

attacks. Thefirstthreebasesprovedsuchasuccessthateighteenadditionalbasesquickly

organizedalongtheeasternseaboardandGulfcoaststretchingfromMainetoTexas. Altogether,

fivebaseswerelocatedinFlorida:Lantana(CP3),FlaglerBeach(CP5),Miami(CP7),Sarasota(CP

13),and

Panama

City

(CP

14).

CoastalPatrolBaseNo.3

On30March1942,CAPsCoastalPatrol3wasofficiallyestablishedabsorbingthemembersof

the1st AirSquadron. FromApril1942toMay1943,theunitwouldflyfourteenmissionsaday.

Thefirstpatrolsconsistedofonlyoneplaneperpatrol. However,inmidMay1942,thispractice

changedtotwoaircraftperpatrolafterCAPCoastalPatrolaircraftwerearmedwithbombs.

Throughouttheunitsseventeenmonthsofantisubmarinepatrols,CP3wasinvolvedwith

searchingforenemysubmarines,locatingsinkingshipsandassistingintherescueofthe

survivors,searchingfordownedaircraft,andsavingshipsfromUboatattacks. Theirpatrolarea,

fromthePalmBeachareanorthtoMelbourneandback,comprisedapproximately120milesof

coastlineandupto60milesouttosea. Thepilotsandobserverswouldscanthewaterand

beachesforfloatingwreckage,debris,oilslicks,raftsandlifeboatsofsurvivors,periscopes,and

Uboats. ThelastflightwouldspendthenightattheBananaRiverNavalAirStation(nowPatrick

AirForceBase)thenreturnthefollowingmorning. Thetwopatrolplanesflewatdifferent

altitudes,oneatfivehundredfeetandtheotheratonethousandfeet. Twopairsofplaneswould

takeoffforpatrol,oneheadingnorthfromtheLantanaareaandtheotherheadingsouthfrom

BananaRiverNAS.

DeadlyEncounters

TendaysafterCoastalPatrol3beganflyingantisubmarinepatrols,theU.S.freighterSS Leslie

fellvictim

to

U

123

on

12

April

1942,

hours

before

an

attack

on

the

Swedish

freighter

SS

Korsholm. OffthecoastofMelbourne,pilotE.V.QuinnandobserverE.C.LoyofCP3assisted

CoastGuardunitsinlocatingsurvivorsoftheSSKorsholm,whichhadbeenattackedbyU123at

about2:00amon13April1942. Inthisattack,theGermancommanderKapitanleutnant

Reinhard Hardegen usedtheUboatscannonandmachinegunsbecausethelastofthe

torpedoeshadbeenexpendedduringtheattackontheLeslie. TheLeslielostfourcrewmenand

the Korsholm lostnine.

ThemonthofMayprovedtobeanextremelydeadlymonthformerchantshipsoffthecoastof

Florida. On3May1942,CP3pilotSamBelcherandobserverTomManning,reportedthe

locationofsurvivorsoftheBritishfreighterOceanVenuswhichhadbeentorpedoedandsunkby

U564commandedbyKorvettenkapitan Reinhard Suhren offCapeCanaveral. FiveBritishsailors

werelost

in

the

attack.

Other

patrols

were

involved

in

finding

the

debris

of

the

Laertes,

aDutch

freightersunkbyU109underthecommandofKapitanleutnantHeinrichBleichridt,onthesame

dayastheOceanVenus. On4May1942,offBoyntonBeach,U564torpedoedtheBritish

freighterEclipse. OnthesamedayastheattackontheEclipse,nearHobeSound,theSSDelisle, a

CanadianshipwasfounddamagedfromaUboatattack. Thegapingholeinhersidewas

repairedenoughtobetowedtoPortEvergladesforanextensiveoverhaul. Twocrewmenfrom

theDelisle werelostintheattack.Korvettenkapitan Reinhard Suhren,commanderofU564was

responsiblefortheattackontheDelisle andtheEclipse.

Between56May1942,CAPplanesfoundtheremainsofthreeships,theDutchfreighterSS

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Amazone,whichsunkminutesaftertheattack,andtheSSHalsey, aU.S.tanker,bothattributedto

U333,andtheU.S.tankerJavaArrowwhichhadbeensunkbyanotherUboat. Twodayslater,

offFortPierce,U564sanktheU.S.freighterSSOhioan withthelossofseventeenseamen. On

theheelsoftheseattacks,thePotrero delLlano,aMexicantanker,wasattackedbyU564near

SandKeyoffMiamionthenightof14May1942. Thirteencrewmenwerelostinthatattack. This

attackandasecondonanotherMexicanship,ledMexicotodeclarewaronGermany.

WileyReynolds,Jr.rememberedthateverytimehewentoutonpatrolinMay1942,hesawa

shipburningfromUboatattacks. HesaidtheUboatswerejustknockingofftheseships.

Reynoldsstated

many

of

the

ships

he

saw

in

flames

were

carrying

fuel.

The

sailors

on

those

ships

didnthaveachance. Ononepatroltheonlyremainsofashiphesawwasjustaraftfloating

withonlyasailorshat,nothingelse.

Toemphasizejusthowhorrendousanattackonatankercouldbe,JohnWalsh,survivorofthe

attackonthetankerCitiesServicesEmpirebyU128,explainedhisstorytothepress.

Isawourcaptain[WilliamJ.Jerman]ontheraft. Heandsomeof

theothermenwereonitandthecurrentwassuckingthemintothe

burningoilaroundthetanker. Ilastsawthecaptaingoingintoasheet

offlame. Someofthefellowssaidhescreamed. Ididnthearhim.

MunroeReynoldswaswithmeforawhile. Hewasscreamingthat

hewasgoingblindGus,thequartermaster,waswithus. Hehada

pieceofsteelinhisheadandhesaidIwontlastlong. Hedidnt.

Lantana

BecauseofincreasedArmyAirCorpsatMorrisonField,CP3moveditsoperationstoLantana

AirportinMay1942. Anotherreasonfortherelocationmayhavebeenmilitaryofficialsdidnot

wantsmallcivilianaircraftcarryingbombstousethesameairporttheaircorpswasusing.

Bombingpracticewasstagedon17Maytwodaysbeforetheychangedairfields.

TheservicefacilitiesatLantanawerespartan atfirst.Therewerethreelandingstripsof3,500

feetlongatthenewairportandeightportablecanvashangersandsixindividualworkshops. The

largewooden

hanger

was

used

for

CAP

operations

was

built

after

the

unit

had

moved

to

their

newlocation. TherewasasmallerconcretebuildingjustwestofthehangerwhereCP3s

headquarterswereestablished. Often,workontheplaneswasdoneoutsideorwiththenose

justinsideaportablehanger.

TheRedCrossMotorCorpsoperatedacanteenforthemenandwomenservingatLantana

Airport.Severalwomen,includingMrs.MargaretEmerson,herdaughterGloriaBakerTopping

Alexander,andMrs.EdwardSwenson,contributedtoafundtoconstructaproperbuildingforthe

canteentosupportCoastalPatrol3. MaterialsweredonatedbyDocRinkeratcost,thedesignof

thestructurewascompletedbyJakeBoyd,JackWillson builtit,andMrs.JessieDonahue

providednecessaryequipmentforit. TheinteriordecorationwasprovidedbyGloriaBaker

ToppingAlexander. Theclubhousewaseastofthehanger. Whencompletedithadsleeping

quarterswith

four

double

decker

bunks,

akitchen,

and

recreational

facilities.

To

entertain

themselves,themenandwomenenjoyedatenniscourt,basketballcourt,andapingpongtable.

CharlesMunn,Sr.donatedaradioandtherewasadivingboardandfloatatthelake(Lake

Osborne)totheeastoftherunway.

CivilianPlanesArmed

Oneofthemostnotableincidentsoccurredon5May1942thatfinallyledtothearmingof

CAPplaneswithbombsanddepthcharges. DuringapatrollateinthedayoffthecoastofCape

Canaveral,MarshallE.RinkerandTomManningofCP3,spottedaUboatcruisingnearthecoast.

11


12/37

TheUboatattemptedtodivetoevadetheCAPplanebutinsteadgotstuckonasandbarin

shallowwater.RinkerandManningcircledforalmostanhourcallingforassistance;however,help

didnotarriveintime. Duringthatlong,aggravatinghour,theUboatdislodgeditselfandescaped

todeepwater. WhenhelpfinallyarrivedonthescenetheUboatwasgone.

GreatlydisturbedbythelostopportunitytobagaUboat,Vermilya notifiedCAPheadquarters,

Thatsonethatwecouldhavechalkedupforasurekillifwedhadbombs. SinceVermilya

knewGeneralHenryH.HapArnold,CommandingGeneraloftheU.S.ArmyAirCorps,Vermilya

called

him

at

the

Pentagon

about

the

one

that

got

away.

After

hearing

about

the

incident,

Arnoldorderedallcoastalpatrolaircraftarmedwithbombs.

Oncetheordertoarmcoastalpatrolplaneswasgiven,CP3flewtheirplanestoMorrisonField

tobefittedwithbombracks. Thesewereattachedtotheundersideofthefuselageontheright

sideundertheobserversseat;theobserverwouldnowactasthebombardier. Acrude

homemadebombsightwasmadefrompiecesofhandymetal. Thebombsightwasmountedto

theleftsideoftheplaneforthepilottosightinonhistarget. Surprisingly,thebombsightwas

veryaccurateatanaltitudeofathousandfeet.

Theaircrewwouldbegintheirbombingrunataboutathousandfeet. Thepilotwouldstick

hisheadoutthewindowwhichwasprotectedbytheairdeflectorandlookthroughthe

bombsightadjustingitwiththehandleintheplaneand/orbypushingtherudderpeddlesuntil

thetarget

was

found.

The

pilot

kept

doing

this

as

the

plane

closed

in.

The

sight

was

mounted

in

suchawaythatasyouadjustedit,thesightwouldcomeintocontactwithaswitchwhenthe

aircraftwasatthebombreleasepoint. Theswitchthenactivatedaredlightinsidethecabin

signalingtheobservertoreleasethebomb. Anotherwaythepilotcommunicatedtothe

observertodropthebombwasbypattingtheobserversleftknee.Inlessthanaweek,mostof

CP3saircrafthadbeenfittedwithsightsandbombracks. Toreleasethebombduringanattack,

theobserverhadtwowirestopullbothleadingtothebombordepthchargethroughthefloor.

Onewirewiththeredhandlearmedthebomb. Thewirewiththeyellowhandlereleasedthe

bomb.

Thetypeofarmamentdependedonthetypeofaircraftflown. SmallerplanesliketheStinson

VoyagersandRearwins werefittedwithone100poundbomb. ThelargerFairchilds carriedtwo

100pound

bombs

and

Stinson

Reliants were

armed

with

one

325

pound

depth

charge.

The

bottomfinofthedepthchargehadtobesawedoffinordertoclearthegroundduringtakeoff.

Therewasascantseveninchesofclearancebetweenthebottomofthemodifieddepthcharge

andtheground.

FollowingthearmingoftheCAPplanes,on19May1942,pilotWileyReynoldsandobserver

EarlAdamsmadethefirstattackonwhattheythoughtwasaUboatdroppingthe100pound

bombtheywerecarrying. Reynoldsknewhewastakingachancebecauseitwaslargeandwas

eitherasubmergedUboatorawhale. Hehopeditwasnotawhalebuthewantedtobesafe.

WallaceR.KinggothisopportunitytobombaUboatwhenhethoughthesawthebubbles

fromadivingsubmarine. KingdroppedhisbombonthespotwheretheUboathadsubmerged

andthen

continued

with

his

patrol.

A

nearby

Coast

Guard

boat

came

to

investigate

the

bombing.

Shortlyaftertheattack,theLantanabasereceivedamessagestatingpilotsshouldstopbombing

sunkenships. AccordingtotheCoastGuard,Kingapparentlyattackedashipwreck. Thebubbles

werefromawreckwhichhadmovedbecauseoftheunderwatercurrentsoftheocean.

Onedayonpatrol,CharlesWeeksandhisobserverdecidedtopracticesightingonatarget.

WeekschosetheFortPiercebuoytopracticesightingforabombingrun. Duringthepracticerun,

Weeksobserveraccidentallyreleasedthebomb. Theyknewtheywouldlikelygetintosome

troublefordroppingtheirbombsotheyconjuredupastorytocoverthemselves. Whenthey

returnedtobase,theytoldtheintelligenceofficerthatthebombrackwasloosecausingthe

12


13/37

bombtodropwhileonpatrol.

TroubleintheAir

Theaviatorsflyingantisubmarinepatrolsknewtherisksthatcamefromflyingsuchmissions

andthatamalfunctioncouldhappenatanytimewhetheritwasoverlandortheoceanfarfrom

land. Theyrantheriskofcrashingintothewateriftheycouldnotmakeitanairstriporsome

desertedbeach. SomemembersofCoastalPatrol3wouldexperiencesuchcircumstancesand

land

safely

but

a

couple

of

air

crews

would

have

to

land

on

the

water.On9July1942,justbeforenoon,TedKeysandTomManninghadtocrashlandbecauseofa

mechanicalmalfunctionfourtofivehundredfeetoffshoreofPalmBeachnearBethesdaByThe

SeaEpiscopalChurch. Themalfunctioncausedafireintheengine. ItwasputoutwhenKeysput

theplaneintoadive. Themenwerenothurtandwhentheplanewaslaterrecoveredthebomb

wasfoundtobestillinitsrack. KeysandManningforgottodropthebombbeforeditchingthe

plane. KeysandManningreceivedtheDuckClubawardfortheirlandingintheocean.

LieutenantWileyR.Reynoldswasdescribedasagood,cautiouspilotandwasreadyfor

anythingthatmighthappen. Thesafetyequipmenthecarriedinhisairplaneonpatrolincluded

sharkrepellent,flarepistols,knives,andfloats.On11July1943,ReynoldsandhisobserverRalph

Cohntookoffonwhatshouldhavebeenanuneventfulpatrol. Butat2pmwhentheywereat

about1,500

feet,

they

encountered

engine

problems

off

Jensen

Beach

which

caused

them

to

crashlandintheAtlanticOcean. Bothescapedunharmedandwererescuedfromthewatera

shorttimelaterbyanearbyboatandtakentoFortPierce. Cohnwasluckybecausehedidnot

knowhowtoswim. Oncedown,heinflatedhisonemanliferaftandgotin. Reynoldsscousin

HarryBassettandAlexThomsonobservedtheincidentandcircledoverheaduntilhelparrived.

Theguysinthesmallboatmadeittothetwodownedfliersinaboutfiveminutes. Oncethe

menweresafelyonboard,therescuerstookthemtoFortPierce. Afterthetwelvemiletripto

FortPierce,Reynoldscalledhiswifetotellherhewasfine. Mrs.Reynoldsrepliedsothenyou

hadachancetotryoutyourequipmentnowthatIamtalkingtoyou,Iamnotworriedabout

you.

Thosepilotsandobserverswhohadtoditchtheiraircraftatseahadthehonorofreceiving

membershipin

the

Duck

Club.

Only

those

who

were

forced

to

land

in

water

earned

membershipintothisexclusiveclub. ReynoldsandCohnwereawardedmembershipintothe

DuckClub.

TheideaoftheDuckClubcamefromLieutenantColonelK.A.Vilas,CAPexecutiveofficerand

pioneeraviator.TheoriginatorgottheideafromtheArmyAirCorpsCaterpillarClub(those

forcedtoparachutefromaplane). TheDuckClubpatchwasdesignedusingthebluebackground

fromtheCAPinsigniawitharedduckfloatingonwaterandwaswornontheleftshirtpocket.

OnlythoseCAPmemberswhosurvivedditchingatseareceivedmembershipintotheclub. By

coincidence,oneofthefirstCAPmemberstoreceivetheawardwasVilasnephew,Lieutenant

WardVilas,whohadtolandonwaterwhileouthuntingGermansubmarines.

DefeatoftheUboats

InMay1943,theArmyAirCorpsassumedresponsibilityofdirectingtheCAP. Twomonths

later,CAPNationalHeadquarterissuedordersthatcoastalpatroloperationsweregoingtostand

downatsunsetTuesday,31August1943. TheNavywasreadytotakeoverthisduty. Writingin

August,AdmiralErnestJ.King,CommanderinChiefofU.S.FleetandChiefofNavalOperations,to

GeneralGeorgeC.Marshall,ChiefofStaffoftheArmy,statedtheCAPwasreleasedfromcoastal

patroldutieseffective31August1943. HeaskedMarshalltopassontotheCAPawelldonefor

theirenthusiastic,loyalandconstantcooperationincombatingthesubmarinemenace,patrolling

13


14/37

ourcoastlineandassistinginthelocatingofsurvivorsandshipsindistress.

WhenCAPantisubmarineoperationsstooddown,U.S.SenatorClaudePepper(DFL)attended

asundownceremonyheldattheLantanabaseon31August1943,markingtheendofanti

submarinepatrols. Asthesunset,PepperaddressedtheformationandthecrowdstatingIam

proudofthefactthatFloridahashadfiveofthetwentyonecoastalpatrolunitsintheU.S.and

thatthisone[CP3]wasthefirstinFlorida.Hecontinuedtopraisethemenandwomenof

CoastalPatrol3andhowtheyhelpedsavethenationfrominvadingGermanUboatsandforthe

sacrificestheymadeduringatimeofwar.

Nationally,CAP

Coastal

Patrol

units

flew

more

than

24

million

miles,

spotted

173

enemy

submarines,attacked57,officiallycreditedwithsinking2,andlost26menand90planes. The

finalvictoryovertheGermanUboatswastheresultofthecombinedeffortsoftheArmy,Navy,

CoastGuard,andtheCivilAirPatrol.

CoastalPatrol3flew18,712hoursplus45hoursofspecialmissionsfortheArmysSignal

SchoolatCampMurphyinMartinCounty. Theyflewanestimated1,546,500milesinseventeen

monthsofoperation. Aircrewsmadefourteenattacksdroppingtwentyonelivebombson

suspectedUboats.

OtherCAPWartimeMissions

OtherCAPunitsalsoassistedintheoverallwareffortonthehomefront. CAPsearchand

rescueunitsoperatingfromJanuary1942January1946flew26,000hoursofsearchandrescue

mission. Sixmembersofthesearchandrescueunitslosttheirlives. Cargoandcourierunits

wereresponsiblefortransportinghundredsofmilitarypersonnelandabout3.5millionpoundsof

cargoandmailfortheArmyAirCorpsfrom19421944. From19421944,BorderPatrolunits

wereresponsibleforpatrollingtheU.S.MexicanborderbetweenBrownsville,Texas,andDouglas,

Arizona. Theseunitsflew30,000hours,reporting7,000unusualoccurrences,about176

suspiciousaircraft,andflewatotalof500,000mileswiththelossoftwoCAPmembers. Target

towingmissionswereespeciallydangeroustofly. CAPplanespulledatargetaboutathousand

feetbehindtheplanewhileantiaircraftgununitspracticedfiringliveammunitionatthetarget

thatwasatanaltitudeupto5,000feethigh. In20,500targettowingandtrackingmissions,

about46,000

hours

were

flown.

Between

1942

1945,

these

units

suffered

the

loss

of

seven

killed,fiveinjured,andlosttwentythreeplanes.

Cadets

In1943,acadetprogramwasestablishedatLantanaairport,thoughanationalcadetprogram

hadbeenorganizedthepreviousyear. Theprogramwaspartofthepreinductionforenlistment

ofqualifiedpersonnelintotheArmyAirForce.On23August1943,CP3heldthefirstcadet

meetingwith28cadets.BySeptember,thecadetsquadronhadenrolledfiftycadets. Ayearlater,

thesquadron,knownasthePalmBeachSquadronwhichincludedcadetsfromWestPalmBeach,

PalmBeach,LakeWorth,Lantana,BoyntonBeach,andDelrayBeach,hadanenrollmentof100

boysand60girls. Tojoin,cadetshadtobeseventeenyearsoldorolderandwereablefor

enlistmentin

the

Army

Air

Corps.

In

October

1943,

the

cadet

squadron

began

accepting

girls

into

theprogram. OverfiftygirlsattendedameetingofthesquadronthefirstweekoftheOctober.

AttheendofOctober1943,tohelppromotetheprogramandattractnewcadets,Coastal

Patrol3bombedtownsalongtheeastcoastbetweenMelbourneandWestPalmBeachwith

leaflets. CaptainMarshallRinkerledmembersoftheunitthatincludedcaptainsEdQuinn,E.W.

Jackson,andTedKeysandLieutenantsGeorgeKent,BurtKruger,andRalphCohnonthebombing

missionswhichdropped10,000leaflets. Leafletsweredroppedonthecommunitiesof

Melbourne,EauGallie,VeroBeach,FortPierce,PortSalerno,Stuart,HobeSound,Jupiter,and

WestPalmBeach. RinkertoldthePalmBeachPosttheleafletshadbeenaneffectivetoolto

14


15/37

attractnewcadets.

PraiseforaJobWellDone

Thegovernmentwasslowinrecognizingtheimmensecontributionsmadeduringthewarby

theCivilAirPatrol. Finally,in1948,PresidentHarryTrumanauthorizedthepresentationofthe

AirMedaltothosewhoflewcoastalpatrol. CAPpersonnelwithmorethan200hoursflighttime

oncoastalpatrolduringtheperiodof19421943wereawardedtheAirMedal. On2May1948,

200FloridaCAPmembersfromLantana,Miami,DaytonaBeach,Sarasota,andPanamaCity

receivedthe

award

at

aceremony

held

at

Lantana

Airport.

Major

General

Lucas

V.

Beau,

USAF,

presentedthemedaltothem.Thisgrouprepresentedalmostonequarterofthetotal824medals

awardedtotheCAP,ofwhichfiftythreewereawardedtomembersofCP3.

Ayearafterthewarended,GeneralTooey Spaatz,firstchiefofstaff,USAF,admittedata

congressionaldinnerthattheU.S.airforceswerenotpreparedtomeetthatdanger[GermanU

boats],notequippedforadequatedefenseofthecountry,withlessforoffenseoverseas. Ofthe

CAPhecontinuedtosay,itwasthen,in1941,thattheCivilAirPatrolwasformedsomewhatasa

firebucketproject,tosupplementthemilitaryuntilthearmyandnavyhadtheresourcesto

defendtheU.S.

AfittingtributetotheCAPofWorldWarIIwasastatementmadebyanotherformerGerman

Uboatcommander. Sometimeafterthewar,anAmericanmilitaryofficerinterviewedtheexU

boatcommanderandaskedhimwhyUboatattacksstoppedalongtheeastcoastoftheUnited

States. Hisanswerwasbecauseofthosedamnedlittleredandyellowplanes.

PostWarCAP

In1943,controloftheCivilAirPatrol,originallyorganizedundertheOfficeofCivilDefense,

wastransferredtotheArmyAirForce(alsoknownasArmyAirCorps). Followingtheendofthe

war,thefuturewasuncertainfortheCAP. Thenin1946,PublicLaw476establishedtheCAPasa

patrioticandeducationalorganization. Twoyearslater,theCAPbecametheofficialauxiliaryof

thenewlycreatedU.S.AirForce.

CivilAir

Patrol

Missions

TheCivilAirPatrolperformsthreekeymissionsasdecreedbyCongress:

EmergencyServices:searchandrescuemissions,disasterrelief,humanitarianservices,AirForce

support,homelandsecurity,andantidrugtraffickingoperations.

AerospaceEducation:programsandactivitiesincludeformalcoursesaboutaviation,thespace

programandexploration,newaviationtechnologies,andcoursestoimproveflyingskillsearning

FederalAviationAdministration ratings.

CadetProgram:CAPcadetsarethosememberswhojoinbetweenages12and18. Theprogram

developsthe

young

to

become

leaders

and

good

citizens

through

their

interest

in

aviation

and

communityservice. Throughstudiesandotheractivities,cadetsprogressthroughachievements

thatincludespecialactivities,aerospaceeducation,leadershipprograms,moralleadership,and

physicalfitness.Ascadetsprogresstheyearnincreasedrank,awards,orcertificates.

15


16/37


17/37

Activities

17


18/37

ReadingComprehension Name:________________

DawnPatrolLt.BoyceStradley

(reprintedfromtheGastonGazette,1943)

ThefollowingisoneaccountwrittenbyLt.BoyceStradleywhoflewantisubmarinepatrolsfor

CoastalPatrolBase16atSkyco,DareCounty,NorthCarolina. Hisaccountwillgiveyouanideaof

whatitwasliketoflycoastalpatroldutyanditissimilartowhatotherpilotsandobservers

experiencedatothercoastalpatrolbases.

4:30a.m.WearecheckinginwiththeFlightOperationsOfficerforourdailyduty.Aswegetinto

ourflightgear,MaeWest,flyingsuitsandwhathaveyou,youcanhearthehumofthemotorsas

theyarewarmingupontheline.

Itisscarcely5:00a.m.andweareintheair.ThereisadimglowofdawnovertheAtlantic.Weare

offwith

aload

of

T.

N.

T.

for

Mr.

Hitlers

subs.

The

beach

goes

by

with

nothing

but

water

ahead.

As

thesunpeepsoutfrombehindtheoceanwefindourselvesmanymilesouttosea.Say,whatis

thatspeckonthehorizon?Wealterourcourseinthatdirection,aswedrawnearweseeaship.It

couldbeanoiltanker,merchantfreighteroratrooptransport.Yes,yourboycouldbeaboard.We

radiothebaseacodeandtheyknowwhatistakingplace.Wecirclearoundcoveringawidearea,

searchingfortheperiscopeofthatdeadlytinfish,sothatyourboymightreturnhomesafelyand

thatpreciousshipmentmightgetthrough.

Aftersearchingforfourorfivehours,wecanseeourplanescomingtorelieveusasourgasis

runninglow.Inreturningwefindalargespotofoilonthewater.Whatisitdoingthere?Couldone

ofourshipshavebeentorpedoed?Theremightbesurvivorsaround,oranenemysubcouldhave

beensurfaced

there

the

night

before.

We

make

anote

of

that

position

so

it

might

be

investigated.

At10:20weland,thatbeingfivehoursandtwentyminutesintheair.No,wearenotoffforthe

restoftheday.Wearereliefcrewfortheflightthattookoffat9:00.

Youmightwonderwhatbranchofserviceweareinandwhattypeofbomberwefly.No,itisnot

theArmyortheNavy,nordoweflyPBY'sorA20'sorB17's.WearetheCivilAirPatrol,composed

ofcivilianstryingtodotheirpart.Thepilotsarethecowpasturepilotsyouusedtoknow.The

airplanesareofciviliantype,withhorsepowerrangingfrom90to250.Ourinstrumentsarenotof

thebestbutweaccomplishourmissions.

Let's

ask

God

to

be

with

us

through

this

hell

and

terror,

so

we

can

see

your

boy

on

the

streets

of

dearoldGastoniaagain.

(thisisalsoavailableonlineathttp://www.co.dare.nc.us/Airport/Museum/Boyce.htm)

18
http://www.co.dare.nc.us/Airport/Museum/Boyce.htmhttp://www.co.dare.nc.us/Airport/Museum/Boyce.htm


19/37

Answerthefollowingquestions:

1.Whydoyouthinkthefirstpatrolofthedayleftsoearly?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

2.Lt.StradleyusesthetermMaeWest. WhatisaMaeWest?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

3.ThearticlereferstoMr.Hitlerssubs. WhatareGermansubmarinescalled?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

4.

Researchwhat

type

of

aircraft

the

following

is:

PBY ____________________________________________________

A20 ____________________________________________________

B17 ____________________________________________________

19


20/37

TestYourKnowledge Name__________________

1.WhendidWorldWarIIbegin? WhendidtheUnitedStatesenterthewar?

2.

What

is

a

U

boat?

3.WhydidGermanUboatsattackalliedshippingalongtheU.S.eastcoast?

4.Nationally,CAPCoastalPatrolunitsflewmorethan24millionmiles. Therewere21coastal

patrolbasesintheUnitedStates. Whatistheaveragemilesflownbyairpatrolsfromthesebases?

5.CoastalPatrol3flew1,546,500milesin17monthsofoperation. Whatwastheunitsaverage

mileageflown

per

month?

6.WhatweretheCAPplanesarmedwith?

7.Whatisabarracudabucket?

8.WhatkindofairplanedidartistZackMosleyuseforCoastalPatrol3sunitinsignia?

9.WhatdidthegovernmentawardtoCoastalPatrolmembersfortheirserviceduringWorld

WarII?

20


21/37

TestYourKnowledge AnswerKey

1.WhendidWorldWarIIbegin? WhendidtheUnitedStatesenterthewar?

September1,1939;December7,1941

2.WhatisaUboat?

AUboatisatypeofsubmarineinventedbytheGermansforuseinWorldWarIandII.Theinitial

"U"inUboatstandsfor"unterseeboot",orunderseaboatinEnglish.

3.WhydidGermanUboatsattackalliedshippingalongtheU.S.eastcoast?

TokeepsuppliesandmaterialfromreachingalliedforcesinEurope

4.Nationally,CAPCoastalPatrolunitsflewmorethan24millionmiles. Therewere21coastal

patrolbases

in

the

United

States.

What

is

the

average

miles

flown

by

air

patrol

from

these

bases?

24,000,000 21bases=1,142,857.1perbase

5.CoastalPatrol3flew1,546,500milesin17monthsofoperation. Whatwastheunitsaverage

mileageflownpermonth?

1,546,500 17=679,205.88milesflownpermonth

6.WhatweretheCAPplanesarmedwith?

Bombsand

depth

charges

7.Whatisabarracudabucket?

Abarracudabucketisahomemadeflotationdeviceandisagreencanvasbagattachedtoalarge

rubberinnertube. ThesebagsmayhavebeenaninventionoftheProhibitionErasrumrunners.

Strandedseamenusedthesebagstokeepsharksandbarracudasfromtakingabiteoutofthem.

Insomeinstances,theinnertubehadtobeinflatedwithahandpumponcethepilotorobserver

wasinthewater.

8.What

kind

of

airplane

did

artist

Zack

Mosley

use

for

Coastal

Patrol

3s

unit

insignia?

AStinsonVoyager

9.WhatdidthegovernmentawardtoCoastalPatrolmembersfortheirserviceduringWorld

WarII?

ThemilitarysAirMedal

21


22/37

WhywastheCivilAir

Patrolestablished?Background:

Inthelate1930s,Europepreparedforand

wenttowar.Atthesametime,Americancivilian

aviatorsbegan

taking

acritical look

at

United

Statesairpower. Someaviationenthusiasts

thoughtthemilitarysairforceswereunprepared

andillequippedtodefendtheextensive

coastlineoftheUnitedStatesshouldwarcometo

America. Civilianpilotscametogetheratlocal

airportstodiscussthesituation.Theywantedto

bepreparedtouse theirairplanesincaseofa

nationalemergency.

Aviationadvocate GillRobbWilson,NewYork

HeraldTribune aviationeditor,Directorof

Aviation

for

New

Jersey,

and

president

of

the

NationalAeronauticsAssociation,foresaw

aviationsroleinwar. Wilsonbelievedingeneral

aviationspotentialtosupplementAmericas

military. HeconvincedFiorelloLaGuardia,head

oftheNationalOfficeofCivilDefense,ofthe

needforanationalcivilairpatroltoassistthe

militaryiftheU.S.enteredWorldWarII.

Inlate1941,Wilsonandateamofaviation

enthusiastspresentedtheplantoLaGuardia,

whothensentittoGeneralHenryH.Hap

Arnold,commanderoftheArmyAirCorps.

Arnoldliked

the

idea

and

appointed

aboard

of

armyaircorpsofficerstoreviewtheplan.Aftera

thoroughexamination,theboardendorsedthe

plan. Perhapsfromthebeginning,Arnoldfore

sawthevaluablecontributionstheCAPcould

maketowardsthedefenseofthecountryandthe

assistanceitcouldoffertothemilitary.

OnDecember1,1941,justsixshortdaysbefo

theJapaneseattackonPearlHarbor,LaGuard

signedAdministrativeOrderNo.9establishin

theCivilAirPatrol. TheCAPwouldbolsterthe

nationscoastaldefensesandperformawide

rangeofdutiesincludingsearchingforenemy

submarines,border

patrols,

and

rescue

missio

WiththeestablishmentoftheCAP,civilianpi

couldputtheiraviationskillsandprivate,ligh

aircrafttouseforcivildefenseefforts. The

opportunitytousetheabout100,000civilian

fliersandtheir23,000privateairplanesfor

nationaldefensewasanadvantageforbotht

civilianpilotsandthemilitary. Theuseofcivi

planeswouldallowmilitaryaircrafttoperform

moreimmediatemissions. Formanycivilian

pilots,thiswastheonlywaytheycouldfly

becausethegovernmentgroundedallcivilian

flightsexcept

commercial

airlines

after

the

at

onPearlHarbor.

Discussion:

Whywasanationalcivilairpatrolneeded?

Howcouldithelpthemilitaryintimeofw

Activity:

GoonlineandresearchtheCivilAirPatrol.

LookforGillRobbWilsonwhileresearchingth

CAP.

Writeapage

about

the

founding

the

the

C

andGillRobbWilsonsparticipationintheCA

Answerthisquestionafterresearchingth

CAP.

Doyouthinkitwasnecessarytoestablishthe

CivilAirPatrol?

FiorelloLaGuardiawastheheadofthe

NationalOfficeofCivilDefense. Researchwh

hewasthenwriteareportabouthim.

Gill Robb Wilson. Courtesy CAP

Historical Foundation.

22


23/37

WhatwasOperation

Drumbeat?

ackground:

OnSundaymorning,7December1941,the

apaneseattackedPearlHarbor,Hawaii,

hrustingtheU.S.intowar. Notuntilthat

veningdidtheGermanslearnofthesneak

ttack

on

the

American

naval

base.

German

fficialsknewnothingoftheJapaneseplanto

ttackU.S.territory. HadtheGermansknown

whatwasgoingtohappen,theymayhavebeen

bletoparticipatebyunleashingasurpriseattack

ntheAmericaneastcoast.

BecauseoftheJapaneseattack,theU.S.

eclaredwaronJapanon8December1942.The

ermanygovernmentinturndeclaredwaron

heU.S.threedayslater. HitlerthenorderedU

oatstoattackshippingontheU.S.eastcoast.

stheNewYearbegan,theGermanslaunched

perationPaukenschlag (drumbeat)

in

January

942againstthevulnerableU.S.eastcoast,and

henlaterattackingshipsintheCaribbeanand

ulfofMexico.

TheoperationincludedawaveofseveralU

oatsmakingafaststrikeagainstalliedshipping

longtheU.S.easternseaboard. Thefirstvictim

wastheBritishfreighterSSCyclops torpedoedby

123whichwascommandedby

apitanleutnantReinhardHardegenon12

anuary1942offCapeCod,Massachusetts.

IntheearlymonthsofOperation

Paukenschlag,Uboatcommandersfoundno

effectiveantisubmarinemeasuresalongtheeast

coastduringthefirstmonthsoftheUboat

campaign. GermanUboatmen,whocrossedthe

AtlantictoattackalliedshippingalongtheU.S.

eastcoast,referredtothisperiodasthehappy

times.

InJanuary1942,adozentankersand

freightersweresunkordamagedbyUboats

alongtheeastcoast.Withintwomonthsthe

numberincreased

to

forty

two

sunk

or

damaged

ships. ByJune1942,ninetysevenshipsand

approximately5,000peoplehadbeenlosttoU

boatattacks. AfterApril,theU.S.militarywas

finallyabletolauncheffectivecountermeasures

tocombatUboatattacks. Thesemeasures

eventuallystoppedUboatattacksby1943. Part

ofthecountermeasuresincludedtheuseofthe

CivilAirPatrolwhichflewantisubmarinepatrols

fromtheendofFebruary1942toAugust1943.

Discussion: WhatcausedtheU.S.toformallyenterWorld

WarII?

WhatwasOperationPaukenschlag?

Activities:

ResearchOperationPaukenschlag. Writea

pagediscussingtheoperationandits

effectivenessorineffectiveness. Visit:

http://uboat.net/ops/drumbeat.htm formore

informationaboutOperationPaukenschlag.

23
http://uboat.net/ops/drumbeat.htmhttp://uboat.net/ops/drumbeat.htm


24/37

WhywasCoastalPatrol

Base3established?

Background:

AdmiralErnest

King,

Commander

in

Chief,

U.S.

Fleet,didnotparticularlyliketheideaofusing

civilaviatorstocarryoutantisubmarinepatrols.

Otherseniornavalcommanderswhowere

againsttheuseofciviliansinmilitaryoperations

againstUboatswerethenavysassistantchiefof

staffRearAdmiralDonaldDuncanwhothought

theideawaspromotedbythebuilder[s]of

pleasureaircraft,andRearAdmiralRichard

Edwards,deputychiefofstaffforoperations,

whosawnopurposeexcepttogivemerchant

shipstheillusionthatadequateairpatrols[were]

beingmaintained.Ontheotherhand,theproposalreceivednoobjectionsfromMajor

GeneralCarlTooeySpaatz,ArmyAirForce.

ThearmyagreedtoletCAPconductanti

submarinepatrolsbeginningon8March1942. In

amemorandumaddressedtoBrigadierGeneral

DonaldH.Connelly,MilitaryDirectorofCivilian

Aviation,DepartmentofCommerce,byGeneral

H.H.HapArnold,on16March11942,statedit

isdesiredthatyoutakethenecessarystepsat

oncetoorganizethecivilianpuddlejumperpilots

intosquadrons

for

coastal

defense

patrol

work.

WithArmyAirForceapproval,threebases

wereauthorizedtooperateforathreemonth

trialperiodtoevaluateCAPperformance. The

experimentalbaseswereorganizedatAtlantic

City,NewJersey,commandedbyWynantFarr;

Rehoboth,Delaware,commandedbyBillSharp

(bothestablishedon28February1942);and

WestPalmBeach,Florida,on30March1942.

AfactorintheselectionofWestPalmBeach

oneoftheexperimentalbasesmaybebecau

PalmBeachCountyisclosertotheGulfStrea

thananywhereelseontheeastcoast. This

shippinglanewouldbeaprimetargetforen

submarineattacks.TheCoastalPatrolBase3

latermovedfromMorrisonFieldtoLantana

becauseofincreasedactivitiesoftheArmyA

Corps.

Thefirstthreebasesprovedsuchasucces

that

eighteen

additional

bases

quickly

organalongtheeasternseaboardandGulfcoast

stretchingfromMainetoTexas. Altogether,

baseswerelocatedinFlorida:Lantana(CP3

FlaglerBeach(CP5),Miami(CP7),Sarasota

13),andPanamaCity(CP14).

BytheendofJanuary1942,theGerman

submarinessankatleastthirtyfiveships(ov

200,000tons)inNorthAmericanwaters. In

February411,000tonsofshippingwaslostt

boatsand466,000tonsinMarch. ButinApr

1942alliedshippinglossesdroppedto394,0

tonslost.

U

boats

would

sink

or

damage

397

vesselsandkillapproximately5,000peoplei

attacksalongtheU.S.eastcoast,GulfofMex

andtheWesternCaribbean. AfterApril,the

militarywasfinallyabletolauncheffective

countermeasurestocombatUboatattacks

wouldeventuallystopattacksby1943. Part

thecountermeasureswastheuseoftheCiv

Patrolwhichflewantisubmarinepatrolsfro

thelastdayofFebruary1942toAugust1943

March1942thePetroleumIndustryWarCou

reportedthatifthelossrateofshipstoUbo

attacksinJanuary,February,andthebeginn

Marchcontinuestotheendoftheyear,125

the320tankerswouldbelostwithapproxim

3,000lives. Basedontheirprojectionsthe

Industryrecommendedtothegovernmentt

tankersbearmedfortheirownprotection.

Additionally,theysuggestedthattheCivilAi

PatrolbereassignedtotheArmyAirCorpsa

toincreasetheuseoftheCAP.

24


25/37

CP3launcheditsfirstpatrolsafewdaysafter

itwasestablished. Theyflewfromsunupto

sundownfromPalmBeachtoCapeCanaveral,a

distanceofabout120milesoneway. FromApril

1942August1943,patrolsfromCP3spotted

damagedandburningships,directedthemilitary

tosurvivorsandmade14attacksonsuspectedU

boatsdropping21bombs. In17monthstheir

aircraftflewover1.5millionmiles.

Atleast90menandwomenservedwith

CoastalPatrol

3.

They

came

from

all

walks

of

life,

fromthewealthyandwellknowntothenotso

wealthy. Evenfamilymembersjoinedtogether

andservedintheunit. Thereweretwocousins,

ahusbandandwife,andsetsofbrothers. Itdid

notmatterifyouhadmoneyornot,theyall

volunteeredtokeeptheUnitesStatessafefrom

theenemy.

Discussion:

WhydidtheCAPestablishcoastalpatrol

bases? Whatwastheirmission?

Answer:

IfairpatrolsfromCoastalPatrol3flewsix

missionsadayfromPalmBeachtoCape

Canaveral,aonewaydistanceofabout120

miles,howmanymileswereflownaday?

DidtheU.S.Navyliketheideaofusingthe

CivilAirPatrolforcoastalpatrolduties?

25


26/37

StinsonVoyager

vs.

U

boat

Background:

TheStinsonVoyagerwastheworkhorseof

CoastalPatrolBase3. Mostoftheunits

pilotsownedthistypeofairplane. Soitsaw

alotofantisubmarinepatroltimebetween

PalmBeachandCapeCanaveral.Thesmall

civilianairplanewasusedtoseekout

GermanU

boats

attacking

allied

shipping

alongFloridaseastcoast.

Coastalpatrolaircrews,apilotand

observer,flewStinsonsupto60milesout

overtheoceansearchingforUboats.The

planeswereflownfromMorrisonFieldin

WestPalmBeach,laterfromLantanaAirport,

toCapeCanaveralandback. Adistanceof

about120milesoneway. Theroundtrip

flight tookaboutfourhourstocomplete.

Believeitornot,GermanUboat

commanderswere

afraid

of

what

they

called

littleyellowbees. Theplanesweresmall,

hardtosee,andtheenemydidnotknowif

theaircraftwerearmed. Aviatorshadother

affectionatenamesforthelittleStinson

Voyagerssuchaspuddlejumpers,

grasshoppers,aerialeggbeaters,andflying

jeeps.

Uboats,ontheotherhand,hadtotravel

about3,000nauticalmilesfromtheirhome

base

in

France

to

reach

the

U.S.

east

coast.

Theenemysubmarinewasaformidablefoe.

Itcouldoperatebothonthesurfaceand

underwaterattackingships withoutwarning.

Uboatswereheavilyarmedwithdeckguns

andtorpedoes. TheStinsonVoyagerswere

not. At firsttheairplaneswereunarmedand

thenlatertheStinsonscarriedahundred

poundbomb.

Whatwas

it

like

for

Coastal

Patrol

Base

3

aircrewsandUboatsailors?

CoastalPatrolBase3aircrewsflewant

submarinepatrolsfromsunuptosundow

sevendaysaweekfromApril194231Aug

1943. Patrolsconsistedoftwoairplanesa

thefirstflightofthedayleftatsunrise. Th

meantthatcrewsreportedfordutybyabo

4:30am. Theyreceivedtheirbriefingand

preparedfortakeoff. Oncetheplanewas

airbornethey

would

head

north

towards

CapeCanaveral. Thecrewwouldflysearc

patternsovertheoceanlookingforUboa

burningships,andsurvivors. Whenthey

reachedCapeCanaveral,theyturnedarou

andheadedbacktobase.

Thelastflightofthatdaywouldflyalon

thebeach. Thepilotsandobserverslooke

athowthebeachlooked. Theyspentthe

nightatBananaRiverNavalAirStation(no

PatrickAir

Force

Base).

The

next

morning,

thecrewtookoffatdaylightandwouldlo

atthebeachsearchingforsignsofanyone

comingashore.

Theequipmentaircrewsworeandcarr

included:uniforms,flareguns,knives,life

vests,barracudabuckets,inflatableliferaf

water,andotheritemstheymayneed.

UnlikeUboatsailors,themenandwom

S

tinsonVoyagervs.

U

boat

26


27/37

ofCoastalPatrol3wereabletoreturnhome

attheendoftheday. Theyenjoyedfresh

foodeverymeal. Sometimesaircrews

experiencedengine

problems

while

in

flight

forcingthemtolandatthenearestairportor

beach. Twicepilotshadtocrashlandinthe

ocean.

Othertimes,pilotsandobserversspotted

burningshipsandsurvivorsofUboatattacks.

MembersofCoastalPatrol3made14attacks

onUboatsdropping21livebombs.

LifeonaUboat

LivingaboardaUboatduringawarpatrol

wasalotworstthanonasurfaceship.DependingonthemissionoftheUboat,a

patrolcouldlastfromthreeweekstosix

months. Thingswetakeforgrantedlike

privacy,goodfood,freshwater,andbathing

werenotencounteredonaUboat.

Inmanycases,Uboatcrewswereonly

allowedtheclothestheyworeandone

changeofunderwearandsocks. Ifyouwere

acrewmember,youcouldnotbath,except

withsaltwater,

or

shave.

To

control

body

odor,theydidhave adeodorant.

TherewasnoprivacyonboardaUboat.

Quarterswerecrampedwithsleepingbunks

iningthewalkwaythatranthelengthofthe

submarine. Thecaptaindidhaveasmall

cabinwithacurtainasadoor. Itwaslocated

nexttothecontrolroomandradioroom. Six

bunkswerelocatedinthetorpedoroom.The

crewworked24hoursadaydividedover

severalshifts,eighthoursofduty,eighthours

S

tinsonVoyagervs.

Uboat

ofotherdutiesasneeded,andeighthoursof

sleep.

Freshwaterwaslimitedandrationed.

Foodsupplies

were

stuffed

in

every

little

nookandcranny.Foodwasevenstoredin

oneoftheUboatstwobathrooms. This

meantonlyonebathroomwasusedfor40

50menuntilthefoodstoredintheotherwas

consumed.Freshfoodwaseatenfirstorit

spoiledinthedampenvironmentoftheU

boat.Iffreshbreadwasnoteatensoon,a

whitefungiwouldgrowonthebreadthat

lookedlikewhitefuzz. Uboatmencalled

thisrabbits.

AtypicalUboatfoodsupplyincluded:

494lbs.fresh&cookedmeats

480lbs.preserved/tinnedmeats

3,858lbs.potatoes

3,428lbs.vegetables

2,058lbs.preservedbreads

595lbs.fresheggs

2,365lbs.fruits

611lbs.soupingredients

309lbs.fresh/preservedcheese

441lbs.fruitjuice

205

lbs.

other

drinks132lbs.salt

238lbssausages

334lbspreservedfish

397lbsdriedpotatoes

1,226lbsbreaddough

464lbsrice&noodles

917lbsfreshlemons

551lbsButter/margarine

408lbs.marmalade/honey

1,728lbsmilkpowder

154lbscoffee

441lbssugar

108lbs

chocolates

27


28/37

TheGermanUboats

TheGermanNavyusedthreetypesofU

boatsduringOperationPaukenschlag:Typ

VIIC,IXB,andIXC.

ThetechnicalinformationfortheTypeVII

providedbelow.

Type

VIICFirstlaunched1940

Oceangoingsubmarine

Crew:4456officersandmen

Displacement:769tons(surface)

Overalllength:66.5meters

Speed:17knotssurface

7knotssubmerged

Max.speed:17knots/3,250miles

Cruising:10knots/8,500miles

Max.divingdepth:250meters

Dieselengines:

2/HP

2,800

3,200

Electricmotors:2/HP750

Torpedotubes:

Bow4

Stern:1(somehadtwotubes)

Armament:

14torpedoesor2639mines

188mmdeckgunwith220250

rounds

1antiaircraftgun,20mmwith

4,380rounds

S

tinsonVoyagervs.

U

boat

So,wouldyouliketobeaUboatsailor?

Research:

Dividetheclassintotwogroups.Haveone

researchwhatitwaslikeoncoastalpatrol

dutysearchingforUboatsandhavethe

othergroupresearchwhatitwasliketobe

onaGermanUboat.

Thendiscussinclasswhateachgroupfound.

Activities

Compareandcontrastthedifferencesofa

pilotorobserverflyingcoastalpatrolsanda

sailoronaUboat.

WriteajournalentryasaCoastalPatrolpilot

orobserveronantisubmarineduty.

WriteajournalentryasasailoronaGerman

UboatonawarpatrolalongFloridaseast

coast.

Makeyourownpaperairplaneanddecorate

itlikeaStinsonVoyagerusedforCoastal

Patrolduty. Designyourownorusedoneof

thetemplatesprovided.

TheStinsonVoyager

TheWorkHorseofCoastalPatrol3

MaximumSpeedatSeaLevel 115milesperhour

LandingRoll 150feet

TakeoffRunatSeaLevel 550feet

RateofClimb 600feetperminute

ServiceCeiling 13,000feet

Engine 90horsepower

WingSpan 34feet

Length 21feet8inches

Height 6feet6inches

GrossWeight 1,625pounds

Above:TheGalleyofaUboatwherefood

wasprepared.

Left:Bunksforsleepinginthetorpedoroom.

28


29/37

WhatisaBarracuda

Bucket?

Background:

Since

coastal

patrols

operated

over

the

ocean,theplaneswereequippedwith

survivalgearincasetheyhadtocrashlandin

water. Aflotationdevicecalledabarracuda

bagorbucketwasagreencanvasbag

attachedtoalargeinnertube. Thesebags

mayhavebeenaninventionofthe

ProhibitionErasrumrunners. Stranded

seamenusedthesebagstokeepsharksand

barracudasfromtakingabiteoutofthem. In

someinstances,theinnertubehadtobe

nflatedwith

ahand

pump

once

the

pilot

or

observerwasinthewater. Tryingtoinflate

aninnertubewithabagattachedand

keepingonesselfafloatisadifficulttask.

Thebarracudabagwasabulkyitemtotryto

quicklyremovefromasinkingairplaneif

downedintheocean.Accordingtoanold

CAPjournal,ThorneDonnelly,

communicationofficerforCP3,andlaterthe

MiamibasedCoastalPatrol7,adaptedthe

barracudabagforusebytheCAPinFlorida.

Thebagincludedwater,chocolatebar,mirror,flashlight,firstaidmaterial,fishing

ine,similaritems. Itwassometimescalled

thefoxholeofthesea.Lateron,the

governmentsuppliedCAPunitswithMae

Westlifejacketsandinflatableliferaftsto

replacethebarracudabuckets.

Discussion:

Whydo

you

think

the

CAP

used

this

makeshiftsurvivalflotationdevice?

Activity:

Writeaparagraphlandingontheocean

whileonaantisubmarine patrol. Discuss

abouthavingtousethebarracudabucket.

Makeadrawingofwhatyouthinka

barracudabucketlookedlike.

29


30/37

WhatisDistinctive

UnitInsignia?

Background:

Forcenturies,militaryunitshavedisplayedor

wornspecialidentificationorinsigniaontheir

standards,uniforms,

shields,

horses,

and

machines.Eachunithadtheirownsymbol.

Thesesymbolsoftenenhancedtroopmoral.

InWorldWarIIsymbolswerepaintedon

aircraftandothermilitaryvehicles. Theart

paintedthenoseorfuselageofanairplanecame

tobeknownasnoseart. TheArmyandNavy

requestedunitinsigniafromWaltDisney. Tofill

theseorders,Disneyassembledasmallteamto

designnoseart. Theteamsdesignsincluded

DisneycharacterssuchasDonaldDuck,Pluto,

andMickeyMouse.Otherartistscopiedor

createdtheirownnoseartfortheiraircraft.

TheCivilAirPatrolwasnodifferentthanthe

military. EachCAPunitcameupwiththeirown

design. ThecreatoroftheSmilinJackcomic

strip,ZackMosley,createdtheunitinsigniaof

Coastalpatrol3.Mosleysdesignishumorousyet

serious. HisdepictionoftheStinsonVoyager

showsitwiththelargeworriedeyesofapuppy

tryingveryhardtostayintheairoverwaterwith

ahugebomb.TheStinsonpupissweatingand

belowthepantingplaneaUboatperiscope

throwingout

question

marks.

Pilots

and

observerswhoflewStinsonVoyagerscouldrelate

totheinsigniacreatedbyMosleyforCP3. With

onlya90hpengine,theaircraftwas

overburdenedandhadtostraintogetintothe

airwithtwomen,equipment,anda100pound

bomb. Mosleyalsodesignedinsigniaforother

CAPandmilitaryunitssuchasCoastalPatrolBase

17andtheMiamiCadetSquadron.

OtherCAPunitsusedDonaldDuck,Pluto,or

otherfiguresfortheirunitinsignia.Onmany

CoastalPatrolinsignia,theartistsincludeda

character,bombs,andUboats. Thesewere

shownbecausetheirmissionwasantisubm

patrols.

Research

GoonlineandresearchWorldWarIIunit

insigniacreated

by

Walt

Disney

for

the

milita

andCAPunitinsignia.Youcanstartatthese

sites:

www.skylighters.org/disney.

www.dunrobincastle.com/Nose_Art/Disney/

ey_art.htm

www.usaafnoseart.co.uk/themedisney.htm

www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/fac

t.asp?id=7883

www.army.mil/news/2009/04/19/19340w

disneygoestowar/

www.incountry.us/cappatches/MN/mnwg.h

Answer

Whydoyouthinknoseartwasimportan

militaryandCivilAirPatrolunits?

Activity

Dividetheclassintogroups. Haveeach

groupselectamission(coastalpatrol,bomb

fighter,PTboats,etc). Haveeachgroupdes

theirownunitinsignia.

CoastalPatrolBase17

Distinctive

Unit

Insignia

30
http://www.skylighters.org/disneyhttp://www.dunrobincastle.com/Nose_Art/Disney/disney_art.htmhttp://www.dunrobincastle.com/Nose_Art/Disney/disney_art.htmhttp://www.usaaf-noseart.co.uk/theme-disney.htmhttp://www.usaaf-noseart.co.uk/theme-disney.htmhttp://www.usaaf-noseart.co.uk/theme-disney.htmhttp://www.usaaf-noseart.co.uk/theme-disney.htmhttp://www.usaaf-noseart.co.uk/theme-disney.htmhttp://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=7883http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=7883http://www.army.mil/-news/2009/04/19/19340-walt-disney-goes-to-war/http://www.army.mil/-news/2009/04/19/19340-walt-disney-goes-to-war/http://www.army.mil/-news/2009/04/19/19340-walt-disney-goes-to-war/http://www.army.mil/-news/2009/04/19/19340-walt-disney-goes-to-war/http://www.army.mil/-news/2009/04/19/19340-walt-disney-goes-to-war/http://www.army.mil/-news/2009/04/19/19340-walt-disney-goes-to-war/http://www.army.mil/-news/2009/04/19/19340-walt-disney-goes-to-war/http://www.army.mil/-news/2009/04/19/19340-walt-disney-goes-to-war/http://www.army.mil/-news/2009/04/19/19340-walt-disney-goes-to-war/http://www.army.mil/-news/2009/04/19/19340-walt-disney-goes-to-war/http://www.army.mil/-news/2009/04/19/19340-walt-disney-goes-to-war/http://www.army.mil/-news/2009/04/19/19340-walt-disney-goes-to-war/http://www.incountry.us/cappatches/MN/mnwg.htmlhttp://www.incountry.us/cappatches/MN/mnwg.htmlhttp://www.army.mil/-news/2009/04/19/19340-walt-disney-goes-to-war/http://www.army.mil/-news/2009/04/19/19340-walt-disney-goes-to-war/http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=7883http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=7883http://www.usaaf-noseart.co.uk/theme-disney.htmhttp://www.dunrobincastle.com/Nose_Art/Disney/disney_art.htmhttp://www.dunrobincastle.com/Nose_Art/Disney/disney_art.htmhttp://www.skylighters.org/disney


31/37

Distinctive

Unit

Insignia

CoastalPatrolBase14

CoastalPatrolBase12CoastalPatrolBase5

CourtesyCAP,SoutheastRegion

CoastalPatrolBase4

MiamiCadetSquadron

CoastalPatrolBase20

CoastalPatrolBase10

CoastalPatrol

Base

15

CoastalPatrolUnitDesigns

CoastalPatrolBase7CourtesyCAP,SoutheastRegion

31


32/37

CoastalPatrolBase15

WaltDisneyDesigns

Distinctive

Unit

Insignia

32


33/37

Map

ofU

boat

Attacks

1945NavalMapofUboatAttacks

MapExercise:

Lookattheattachedmappublishedin1945bytheU.S.Navy. ItshowsallUboat

attackscarriedoutalongFloridaseastcoast,theGulfofMexico,andpartsofthe

westernCaribbean.

Answerthefollowingquestions:

Howmanyshipsweresunkordamagedin1942?1943?

How

many

ships

were

sunk

off

Floridas

east

coast?

ResearchwhatstreamislocatedbetweenFloridaandtheBahamasIslands.

WhydoyouthinksomanyshipweresunkoffFlorida?(refertotheprevious

question)

LookatwhereNewOrleansislocated. Whydoyouthinktherewassuchahigh

numberofshipsattackedoffNewOrleans? (ResearchwhatwasintheNew

Orleansareain1942tohelpanswerthisquestion.)

33


34/37

34


35/37

WhoWasZackMosley?

Background:

CartoonistZack

Mosley,

an

avid

aviator

from

Stuart,Florida,createdthesyndicatedSmilin

ackcartoonstripin1933. Itwasaboutthe

dventuresofanaviatorandwasbasedon

peopleMosleyknew. Hiscomicstripfirst

ppearedunderthetitleofOntheWing,

howeverafewmonthslatertheChicagoTribune

hangedthetitletoSmilinJack. DuringWorld

WarII,Mosleydrewuponhisexperiencesand

hemenheworkedwithintheCAP. Heused

VermilyaastheprototypeforthecharacterLong

DistanceIke.

Wesley

Jackson,

aformer

journalist

andapilotwhoranaflightschool,wasanother

ofZacksinspirationsforacartooncharacter,

DownWindJackson. Thecomicstripranuntil

1973whenMosleyretired. WhenCP3movedto

Lantana,Mosleymovedhisartstudiointoa

ornerofthehangertocontinuedrawinghis

omicstrip. DuringhisservicewiththeCAP,

Mosleyflew300hoursofantisubmarine

missionsearningtheU.S.militarysAirMedal. He

wascommanderoftheFloridaCAPwingfrom

19441946,aCAPpublicaffairsofficer,servedon

heCAP

executive

board,

and

held

the

rank

of

olonel. Threeyearsafterretiring,Mosleywas

nductedintotheU.S.AirForcesHallofFameon

September18,1976. Hewastheauthorof

everalbooksincludinghisautobiography,Brave

CowardZack. Mosleyscartoonstripappearedin

over300newspapersacrossthecountry. The

worldfamouscartoonistwasbornin1906in

Hickory,Oklahoma,anddiedinStuart,Florida,in

1993.Hewastheoldestofthefoursonsandone

daughterofZackT.MosleyandhiswifeIrah.

Research:

Startwiththesewebsites. Havestudents

researchZackMosley. Visitthesewebsitesto

learnmoreaboutMosley.

www.smilinjack.com/zack.htm

www.lambiek.net/artists/m/mosley_z.htm

www.toonopedia.com/smilin_j.htm

www.capvolunteernow.com/media/cms/Volunte

er_AugOct_mag_LR_rev_F5C61F1BC780D.pdf

Write:

AfterresearchingZackMosley,havestudents

writeapageaboutMosleyandhiscontributions

totheCivilAirPatrolandcomicstrips.

Activities:

Readtheattached1943posterMosleydid

abouttheCivilAirPatrol. Dividestudentsinto

groupsandhavethemdrawtheirownposter

abouttheCivilAirPatrol.

35
http://www.smilinjack.com/zack.htmhttp://www.lambiek.net/artists/m/mosley_z.htmhttp://www.toonopedia.com/smilin_j.htmwww.capvolunteernow.com/media/cms/Volunteer_AugOct_mag_LR_rev_F5C61F1BC780D.pdfhttp://www.toonopedia.com/smilin_j.htmwww.capvolunteernow.com/media/cms/Volunteer_AugOct_mag_LR_rev_F5C61F1BC780D.pdfhttp://www.toonopedia.com/smilin_j.htmwww.capvolunteernow.com/media/cms/Volunteer_AugOct_mag_LR_rev_F5C61F1BC780D.pdfhttp://www.toonopedia.com/smilin_j.htmwww.capvolunteernow.com/media/cms/Volunteer_AugOct_mag_LR_rev_F5C61F1BC780D.pdfhttp://www.toonopedia.com/smilin_j.htmwww.capvolunteernow.com/media/cms/Volunteer_AugOct_mag_LR_rev_F5C61F1BC780D.pdfhttp://www.toonopedia.com/smilin_j.htmwww.capvolunteernow.com/media/cms/Volunteer_AugOct_mag_LR_rev_F5C61F1BC780D.pdfhttp://www.lambiek.net/artists/m/mosley_z.htmhttp://www.smilinjack.com/zack.htm


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coastal patrol base 3 teachers guide

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