coastal area development in riau islands
TRANSCRIPT
URBAN DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT
IN RIAU ISLANDS
DEDDY S BRATAKUSUMAH, PhD2009
People have settled on coasts to take advantage of the amenities the oceans, such as;
1. a food supply, 2. a source of transport, 3. a defensible position, and 4. a healthy location.
BACKGROUND
However, as coastal cities grow, they become detached from their environmental surroundings, while still requiring services from their local ecosystem.
Today, it is estimated that almost 50 per cent of the world’s coasts are threatened by development-related activities.
COASTAL ZONE PROBLEMS
Municipal, industrial and agricultural wastes and run-off, as well as atmospheric deposition, affect the most productive areas of the marine environment, including estuaries and near-shore coastal waters.
Physical alterations to the coastal zone also threaten the marine environment.
COASTAL ZONE PROBLEMS
1. Tourist services 2. A street pattern related to the landform and the surrounding natural features 3. A direct relationship to the foreshore and a wide choice of uses associated with the coastal edge 4. An extensive range of edge conditions, such as parks, beaches and waterfront promenades 5. A range of smaller suburbs and suburban centers surrounding the city centre 6. A full range of residential building types 7. A full range of building heights from low scale to tall
COASTAL CITIES CHARACTERISTICS
Coastal management and urban planning seem to act in different contexts without a common ground for an integrated perspective of coastal cities.
In particular, urban planning often ignores environmental issues that characterize a coastal ecosystem, creating land use conflicts and environmental aggravations.
COASTAL MANAGEMENT AND URBAN PLANNING
HAVE TO AVOID
1. Destroying the quality of coastal resources that offer the city its distinct characteristics 2. Impacts on water quality 3. Decrease of opportunities for new urban infrastructure 4. Degraded public spaces 5. Privatization of open spaces and foreshores 6. Lack of planning integration
GOOD COASTAL CITIES
1. The complexity of the activities that constitute a coastal city coming from the hinterland, creating (most often) conflicts and influencing their economy in a local and supra local level
2. The planning issues of coastal cities that involve a more integrated approach between urban planning and environmental management (coastal management)
THE COMPLEXITIES
1. Protecting the most attractive quality elements of a coastal city
2. Optimizing the efficient land use to minimize impacts on the surrounding urban and natural environment
3. Maintaining the natural geography of the coast
4. Maintaining the coast in connection to the inland (perhaps the city centre)-(best access to the coast, quality of streets etc.)
5. Protecting coastal waters through modern ecological methods
THE BEST PRACTICES(UNEP-SCP)
6. Providing sustainable transport systems
7. Regulations governing the industrial, municipal and agricultural pollution
8. Preserving the historic and cultural resources through the process of waterfront/urban regeneration
9. Planning for the waterfront considering it as a part of a coastal (eco)system
10.Optimizing coastal cities as a separate entity of the region that requires a more complex approach, including environmental policies /aspects.
THE BEST PRACTICES
1. ECONOMIC Growth?2. Sustainable ENVIRONMENT?3. Priority Setting among THEM4. Urban Planning as ZERO SUM
GAME5. Urban Planning COSTLY
THE PARADOXES
RTRWPRTRWP
RTRWN
RTRWK/KabRTRWK/Kab
Rencana Detail Tata RuangRencana Detail Tata Ruang
DETAIL PLAN
URBAN FUNCTION
1.Settlements2.Services and industrial centers3.Governments centers
URBAN PROBLEM
Future problems
1.Changes of urban spatial patern2.Urbanization3.Environmental4.Poor urban culture5.“Wild” urban people
IDEAL URBAN FUTURE
1.A decent settlements, with peaceful, enjoyable, secure, and welfare environment for the citizens,
2.Sustainable growth with sustainable environment
3.Provides urban utilities and urban infrastructure
4.Have a degree of competitiveness with other cities.
URBAN DEVELOPMENT POLICIES IN INDONESIA
1.Implementing decentralization and local autonomy
2.Professional, entrepreneur, and environmental vision of urban management
3.Participation of citizens and private sector
4. Smart, effective and efficient spatial and land use
