ISU, February 2009

CNES and French MoD:a common approach for

Security and Defence in space

CNES and French MoD:a common approach for

Security and Defence in space

ISU, February 2009

When he came to Kourou Space Centre on When he came to Kourou Space Centre on

Feb.11th, 2008, the President of French Feb.11th, 2008, the President of French

Republic emphasized the need for Space in Republic emphasized the need for Space in

support to security and defence. Referring to support to security and defence. Referring to

the White Paper on national security and the White Paper on national security and

defence, he insisted on developing the new defence, he insisted on developing the new

strategic function strategic function ““Knowledge and Knowledge and

anticipationanticipation””, particularly through space , particularly through space

means.means.

ISU, February 2009

THE STRATEGIC USE OF OUTER SPACE IN THE WHITE PAPER

“ Outer space has become as vital for the global economy and

international security as the sea, the land and the air. (…)

“ Capabilities : (…) In 2008, we will begin work on the ultra-high

resolution MUSIS optical satellite program, with an operational

capability in 2015. France will develop a significant capability in

ELINT (Electronic Intelligence) satellites, after the success of our

experimental satellites in this field : the CERES satellite system will

be completed by the middle of the coming decade. A ballistic

missile detection and early-warning capability will be in place by

2020, preceded by an interim satellite system during the coming

decade. Particular efforts will be made in the area of space

surveillance, involving very high civilian and military stakes,

capitalizing on close links with our European partners. ”.

ISU, February 2009

CNES – MoD links

CNES, a civil agency, reports to both the French

Ministry of Higher Education and Research and to the

Ministry of Defence.

CNES prepares and then submits Space Programs of national

interest to the French government, and control their development.

ESA programmes are also monitored by CNES on behalf of France.

CNES is mandated by the Ministry of Defence to act as a contracting

authority for most of the space components of defence programs.

ISU, February 2009

CNES – MoD links

A joint “CNES defence team” was set up to allow

a close way of working and a reactive decision process

between CNES and MoD. It comprises 6 persons: 2 officers

from the Army joint staff (EMA), 2 engineers from the Defence

procurement agency (DGA) and 2 from CNES.

This team reports to a high level Steering Committee (heads or

deputy heads of the three bodies) and can directly activate CNES

engineers.

Such a joint approach leads to implement systematically duality for

technology and program development.

ISU, February 2009

Duality in space

Duality can be implemented at every step of programmes• R&T, expertise

• e.g., infrared technology, imagery

• space components and platforms

• e.g., Spot and Helios platform

• utilisation

• Pleiades dual use, Jason

• operations

• control centres

A dual approach saves money.

But it needs mutual confidence, since both parts (civil & defence) invests its own money and manpower.

ISU, February 2009

Scope of CNES defence team

• CNES defence team is involved in all programmatic

decisions related to

– R&T actions

– future projects

– technical expertises for DGA

– monitoring of the development of all S&D projects

• Yearly CNES budget for S&D: 165 M€ targeted on

S&D dual activities

– this budget funds R&T, phases 0/A, security projects

– definition phase (B) of defence project are co-funded by

additional budget from DGA, while dev. phases (C/D) are

100% funded by a dedicated defence budget

ISU, February 2009

Some of the programmes

developed by CNES in coordination with MoD

ISU, February 2009

A study of maritime security

based on space means was started early 2008. The objectives is to

track ships through their AIS signals (example top left), radar

signals and possibly beacons (Argos active beacons on top right).

After some definition studies to be performed in bilateral co-

operation, the programme could be proposed to be Europeanized

(possibly as a GMES service)

Maritime security

Terrestrial contacts

not traced

ISU, February 2009

Crisis management and mitigation with

Emergesat

Space, health and humanitarian actions

Education and training, distance learning and medicine

Overcoming the barriers to provide health care to isolated sites

Environment, climate,

health: predicting and monitoring epidemics

Space for security and health

ISU, February 2009

Helios II A

Launch of H IIA: December, 2004

H IIB to be launched before end 2009

The contract authority for the space

component was delegated to CNES

� Helios PF was the same as Spot

ISU, February 2009

PLEIADES: a dual Earth observation systemPLEIADES: a dual Earth observation system

Pleiades: a new generation dual system for optical observation of the Earth, with a high resolution

(0.7m) and a great manoeuvrability.

Programme developed in

cooperation with Austria,

Belgium and Sweden

Launch of satellites planned

for early 2010 and mid-2011

ISU, February 2009

CSO MUSIS: the next EHR observation systemCSO MUSIS: the next EHR observation system

The Optical Space Component (CSO) of MUSIS (Multi-

national Space-based Imaging System for Surveillance,

Reconnaissance and Observation) is now in its definition phase (phase B), under CNES responsibility.

The overall MUSIS program is managed by MoD,

together with the international partners .

Three satellites are planned to be launched on orbits with two different altitudes (2 on high altitude, 1 on low alt.). The first satellite will be ready for launch by end 2015.

� the overall design and some key parts of CSO derive from Pleiades

ISU, February 2009

Athena- Fidus, a dual use telecommunications satellite in Ka Band developed by CNES in

cooperation with Italy and Belgium, will complete the Syracuse system by 2012.

Athena will allow a high data rate (3 Gb/s) with 8 mobile spots and 2 fixed beams

Defence telecoms

ISU, February 2009

ESSAIM - ELISA - CERES

ELISA is a Defence demonstrator made of 4

satellites being developed by CNES through a

partnership with DGA. It will perform

electronic intelligence for characterizing and

locating radars.

ELISA will be launched in 2010, following the

currently in-orbit ESSAIM satellites (communication intelligence).

Both ESSAIM and ELISA aim to prepare the future operational system CERES (ELINT + COMINT), to fly by 2013

ISU, February 2009

France participates to the ESA SSA program, the control authority of which being a steering board with

CNES as a member.

The CNES Toulouse centre operationally uses data from the US Stratcom “two lines elements” and from

the French Graves radar to prevent collisions between the satellites it controls (currently 17) and debris.Dangerous objects can be tracked by the Defence ship Monge with its Armor radars.

Space Situational Awareness