clubroot management - canola€¦ · clubroot – what does work! 1. crop rotation • a >2-year...
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Dan Orchard and Clinton Jurke
Canola Council of Canada
Clubroot Management
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Outline
• Dan’s tales
• What doesn’t work
• What does work
• What you need to do
> Grower
> Retail/agronomist staff
> County/municipality staff
> Oil & gas / construction
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Photo courtesy of Dr. Ron Howard
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Why is clubroot spreading?
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Why is clubroot spreading?
Finding the disease too late
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Clubroot – What Does Not Work
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Clubroot – What Does Not Work
1. Fungicides
Effects of chemical soil treatments on canola
growth in clubroot-infested soil – Leduc, 2008
Ranman Control
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Clubroot – What Does Not Work
1. Fungicides
• Terraclor applied at 90 kg/ha reduces the
severity of clubroot, promotes growth, and
improves yield.
• At 90 kg/ha it costs $1100/ac
• Ranman (7.5 L/ha) improved plant height in
2007 and plant cover and yield in 2008.
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0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Untreated Helix XTRA SYN 524 Dynasty Helix XTRA+ SYN 524
Helix XTRA+ Dynasty
Helix XTRA+ SYN 524+ Dynasty
See
d y
ield
(t/
ha)
2009 2010
c ab bc bcabc abca
a a a a a a
b
Clubroot – What Does Not Work
2. Seed Treatments
• Seed treatments increased yield but did not reduce disease
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Clubroot – What Does Not Work
3. Boron
• greenhouse and field testing revealed that boron could
reduce both the incidence and severity of clubroot
• phytotoxic effects were also observed, even at moderate rates of application
y = 83.1 -1.87x, R2 = 0.51
y = 98.5 -1.05x, R2 = 0.47
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 4 8 12 16
Dis
ea
se s
ev
erit
y i
nd
ex
(%
)6 weeks
13 weeks
y = 99 + 0.38x -0.034x2, R
2 = 0.98
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
B rate (kg ha-1
)
Dis
ea
se s
ev
erit
y i
nd
ex
(%
)
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Clubroot – What Does Not Work
4. Liming Soil
0
20
40
60
80
100
15
20
256.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
Dis
ease
sev
erit
y i
nd
ex
Temperatures °C
0-20
20-40
40-60
60-80
80-100
pH
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Clubroot – What Does Not Work
5. Other Soil Amendments
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Untreated Terraclor Calciumcarbonate
Wood ash Terraclor+Calciumcarbonate
Terraclor +wood ash
See
d y
ield
(t/
ha)
Edmonton 2009 Edmonton 2010 Leduc 2010
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Clubroot – What Does Not Work
6. Bait Crops
Effect of repeated cultivation of bait crop (B. rapa
cv. Reward) on the subsequent clubroot on canola
St. Albert Leduc
June 2008 May 2009 June 2008 April 2009
Index of disease severity (%)
Crop for entire season 43 61 49 61
Crop seeded for 4
cycles
34 61 49 55
Crop seeded for 3
cycles
35 65 53 61
Crop seeded for 2
cycles
45 70 60 59
Means in a column were not significantly different based on
a protected LSD
at P ≤ 0.05
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Clubroot – What Does Not Work
7. Tillage
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Clubroot – What Does Not Work
8. Crop Rotation
• Crop rotation will not eliminate P. brassicae
• Crop rotation will not prevent P. brassicae
from arriving in a field.
• Crop rotation will not prevent P. brassicae
from spreading to another field.
• Movement of P. brassicae is the same risk
in canola crop as in other crops.
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Clubroot – What Does Work!
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Clubroot – What Does Work!
1. Crop Rotation
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Clubroot – What Does Work!
1. Crop Rotation
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Clubroot – What Does Work!
1. Crop Rotation
• A >2-year break from canola reduced P.
brassicae resting spores in the soil substantially
• Long rotation is not enough for S or MS varieties
to reach yield potential in heavily infested fields
• A resistant cultivar, in conjunction with a >3-year
crop rotation may allow maximum yield potential
in heavily infested fields, as well as reducing the
pathogen inoculum loads in the soil
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Clubroot – What Does Work!
2. Clubroot Resistance
45H29 (R) 45H26 (S)
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Clubroot – What Does Work!
2. Clubroot Resistance
45H29 (R) 45H26 (S)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Resistant Susceptible
Yie
ld (
t/h
a)
Eme
rge
nce
(p
lan
ts/m
2)
Cultivar - Edmonton
Emergence
Seed Yield
aa
A
B
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CV - R CV - S
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Protect your resistant varieties
Clubroot resistance does break down
> Happens in all areas of the world
> Has been broken in the lab at the University of Alberta
Prevent resistance breakdown by:
> Using a long rotation
> Rotate between Pioneer and Monsanto’s clubroot
resistance source varieties
Pioneer Hi-Bred source 45H29 (Pioneer) 9558 GC (Viterra) D3152 (DuPont)
Monsanto source 74-47 CR (Dekalb) 1960 (Canterra)
Bayer source L135C
DL Seeds source 6056 CR
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Clubroot – What Does Work!
3. Seeding Date
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
Early Mid Late
Gal
l We
igh
t (g
)
Seve
rity
(0
-3)
Seeding Date - Leduc
Severity
Gall Weight
a aa
AA
A
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Clubroot – What Does Work!
4. Sanitation
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Clubroot – What Does Work!
5. Early Identification
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Clubroot – What Does Work!
6. Tillage
• Reduced tillage
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Clubroot – What Does Work!
7. Quarantine / Isolation
8 7
6
5 4 3
2
9
1 Field Entrance
150 m
150 m
150 m
150 m
0.901
0.479
0.225
0.155 0.169
0.296
0.394 0.324 0.310
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Clubroot – What Does Work!
8. Eradication?
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Clubroot – What Does Work!
8. Eradiction? Fumigation
No Vapam Vapam @ 100 mL/m2
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Clubroot – What Does Work!
8. Eradication? Fumigation
Effects of different Vapam concentrations on growth of canola in
clubroot-infested soil under greenhouse conditions
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Clubroot – What Does Work!
9. Brassica weed control
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Clubroot – What Does Work!
10. Planning
• Clubroot is not only a canola problem
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Clubroot – What Does Work!
11. Clean inputs
• Cleaned and treated seed is essentially no
risk
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Clubroot – What Does Work!
11. Developing a clubroot management plan
Plan should include
• How will you quarantine a field?
• How will you plan your field work?
• When will you sanitize your equipment?
• When will you use resistant varieties?
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Assessing risk – what are the main
factors involved introduction?
• Normal farm operations (high risk regions)
• Used equipment
• Custom operators
• Construction/petroleum/utilities
• Recreational traffic
• Livestock
• Hay/manure
• Common/untreated seed (potatoes especially)
• Wind/water erosion
• Vegetable/nursery
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What you need to do - FARMER
1. Prevention > Know risks of introduction
> Base sanitation on risk
2. Identify clubroot early
3. Develop a clubroot management plan
4. Work with your municipality
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What you need to do - RETAIL
1. Develop a clubroot management plan
2. Prevention – do not spread clubroot > Know risks areas/fields
> Know risks of transmission
> Base sanitation on risk
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What you need to do - COUNTY
1. Consult with rate payers
> Regulate on basis of provincial clubroot
management plans
2. Develop local clubroot management plan
> Provide support to local growers to develop theirs
3. Education / awareness programs
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What you need to do – PETROLEUM / UTILITIES
1. Consult with land owners
> Contract your responsibilities
2. Prevention – do not spread clubroot > Know risks areas/fields
> Know risks of transmission
> Base sanitation on risk
3. Eradication? > Soil fumigation?