clsfn of animals
DESCRIPTION
invertebrates, vertebratesTRANSCRIPT
Classification of Classification of AnimalsAnimals
By Uma RaikwarBy Uma Raikwar
Why classify?Why classify?
Think of three examples where we Think of three examples where we group things.group things.
Why do we group these things?Why do we group these things?
TaxonomyTaxonomy
Animals are classified in different Animals are classified in different groups according to their groups according to their similaritiessimilarities and and differencesdifferences..
This is called “taxonomy”.This is called “taxonomy”.
Classifying Living ThingsClassifying Living Things
We put livings things into two large We put livings things into two large groups:groups:
Plants Plants
Animals Animals
AnimalsAnimals
Animals are spilt into two major Animals are spilt into two major groups:groups:
InvertebratesInvertebrates
Vertebrates Vertebrates
InvertebratesInvertebrates
These are animals without a backboneThese are animals without a backbone There are eight groups of invertebratesThere are eight groups of invertebrates
Porifera Porifera Coelentrata Coelentrata PlatyhelminthesPlatyhelminthes NemathelminthesNemathelminthes AnnelidaAnnelida ArthropodaArthropoda molluscamollusca EchinodermataEchinodermata
Porifera-SpongesPorifera-Sponges
Have bodies Have bodies made of loosely made of loosely joined cellsjoined cells
PoriferaPorifera
Latin; Porous – a pore , ferre – to bearLatin; Porous – a pore , ferre – to bear Body has numerous pores called Body has numerous pores called ostiaostia and and
single large pore called single large pore called osculumosculum.. Aquatic, mostly marine, few in fresh water.Aquatic, mostly marine, few in fresh water. Mostly asymmetrical.Mostly asymmetrical. Attached to the substratum, hence Attached to the substratum, hence sessilesessile..
CoelentrataCoelentrata
Have thin sack Have thin sack like bodieslike bodies
Have tentaclesHave tentacles
Coelentrata (Cnidaria)Coelentrata (Cnidaria)
Greek: Greek: Koilas- hollow + intestine Koilas- hollow + intestine
Cnidaria – stinging cellsCnidaria – stinging cells Cylindrical – Polyp or umbrella like - medusa.Cylindrical – Polyp or umbrella like - medusa. Mostly marine some are found in fresh water.Mostly marine some are found in fresh water. Solitary or colonial animals.Solitary or colonial animals. Radially symmetrical and diploblastic.Radially symmetrical and diploblastic. Mouth surrounded by tentacles having stinging Mouth surrounded by tentacles having stinging
cells.cells.
PlatyhelminthesPlatyhelminthes
Have flat worm Have flat worm like bodieslike bodies
PlanariaPlanaria
PlatyhelminthesPlatyhelminthes
Greek: Greek: PlatysPlatys – flat + – flat + helmintheshelminthes – worm. – worm. Dorsoventrally flattened body.Dorsoventrally flattened body. Endoparasites, whereas few are free living.Endoparasites, whereas few are free living. Triploblastic- ectoderm, mesoderm and Triploblastic- ectoderm, mesoderm and
endoderm.endoderm. Hermophrodite- male and female gonads Hermophrodite- male and female gonads
in same animal.in same animal.
NematodaNematodaHave long thin Have long thin
round worm like round worm like bodiesbodies
Have bodies with Have bodies with no segmentsno segments
Nemathelminthes (Nematoda)Nemathelminthes (Nematoda)
Greek: nema- thread + helminthes – Greek: nema- thread + helminthes – wormworm
Long, slender & cylindrical.Long, slender & cylindrical.Free living or endoparasitic.Free living or endoparasitic.Triploblastic, body covered with Triploblastic, body covered with
cuticle.cuticle.Unisexual.Unisexual.
AnnelidaAnnelidaHave elongated Have elongated
bodies divided into bodies divided into segments segments
AnnelidaAnnelida
Latin: Annulus- a little ringLatin: Annulus- a little ring Elongated, cylindrical, segmented.Elongated, cylindrical, segmented. Mostly free living, some are ectoparasites.Mostly free living, some are ectoparasites. Triploblastic, bilaterally symmetrical, coelomates.Triploblastic, bilaterally symmetrical, coelomates. Setae (microscopic) for locomotion.Setae (microscopic) for locomotion. Hermaphrodites, sometimes separate sexes.Hermaphrodites, sometimes separate sexes.
ArthropodaArthropoda
Have lots of legs and segmented Have lots of legs and segmented bodies.bodies.
There are four group of arthropods:There are four group of arthropods:
ArachnidsArachnidsMyriapoda-Centipedes & MillipedesMyriapoda-Centipedes & MillipedesCrustaceansCrustaceansInsectsInsects
Arthropods - ArachnidArthropods - ArachnidHave four pairs of Have four pairs of
legs.legs.Have bodies Have bodies
divided into two divided into two sectionssections
Arthropods – Centipedes Arthropods – Centipedes & Millipedes& Millipedes
Have long thin Have long thin bodies and pairs of bodies and pairs of legs on each of legs on each of their many body their many body sectionssections
Arthropods - CrustaceanArthropods - CrustaceanHave five-seven Have five-seven
pairs of legspairs of legsFirst pair often First pair often
used as pincersused as pincersBodies covered Bodies covered
in shellin shell
Arthropods - InsectsArthropods - InsectsHave three pairs of Have three pairs of
legslegsBodies divided into Bodies divided into
three sectionsthree sectionsOften have wingsOften have wings
MolluscaMollusca
Crawl on a single Crawl on a single fleshy pad.fleshy pad.
Can have a shellCan have a shell
Mollusca Mollusca
Latin: mollis: softLatin: mollis: soft Aquatic or terrestrial.Aquatic or terrestrial. Triploblastic, coelomate.Triploblastic, coelomate. Unsegmented & soft body.Unsegmented & soft body. Bilateral symmetryBilateral symmetry Large muscular foot for locomotion.Large muscular foot for locomotion. Body covered with thick mantle which Body covered with thick mantle which
secretes calcareous shell.secretes calcareous shell. Sexes are separate.Sexes are separate.
EchinodermsEchinoderms
Have bodies divided Have bodies divided into five partsinto five parts
Have spiny outer Have spiny outer coveringcovering
EchinodermataEchinodermata
Greek: Echinos – spines + derma- Greek: Echinos – spines + derma- skinskin
Marine dwelling.Marine dwelling.Triploblastic, radial symmetry in Triploblastic, radial symmetry in
adults.adults.Spines for defence and locomotion.Spines for defence and locomotion.Sexes are separate.Sexes are separate.
ProtochordataProtochordata
ProtochordataProtochordata
Half chordatesHalf chordatesBody is divisible into three regions:Body is divisible into three regions:Proboscis, collar and trunkProboscis, collar and trunkOne to many gill-cleftsOne to many gill-cleftsSexes are separate or may be Sexes are separate or may be
hermaphrodites.hermaphrodites.
VertebratesVertebrates
These are animals with a backbone.These are animals with a backbone.There are six groups of vertebrates:There are six groups of vertebrates:
CyclostomataCyclostomataPiscesPiscesAmphibiaAmphibiaReptiliaReptiliaAvesAvesMammaliaMammalia
CyclostomataCyclostomata
CyclostomataCyclostomata
Suctorial mouth without jaws.Suctorial mouth without jaws.Skin is soft without scales.Skin is soft without scales.Paired appendages – absentPaired appendages – absentCartileginous endoskeleton.Cartileginous endoskeleton.Mostly ectoparasites.Mostly ectoparasites.
PiscesPisces
Have wet Have wet scalesscales
Lays eggs in Lays eggs in waterwater
Lives in waterLives in water
Marine biologists conserving sharks along the Gujarat Marine biologists conserving sharks along the Gujarat coastcoast
PiscesPisces
Cold blooded, aquatic- marine or fresh Cold blooded, aquatic- marine or fresh waterwater
Body is streamlined and boat shaped.Body is streamlined and boat shaped. Paired or unpaired fins present.Paired or unpaired fins present. Tail fin used as rudder.Tail fin used as rudder. Endoskeleton – cartilaginous / bony.Endoskeleton – cartilaginous / bony. Exoskeleton in the form of scales.Exoskeleton in the form of scales. Respiration by gills, eyes without eyelids.Respiration by gills, eyes without eyelids.
AmphibiaAmphibia
Have moist skinHave moist skin Lay jelly coated Lay jelly coated
eggs in watereggs in water Lives on land and Lives on land and
waterwater
AmphibiaAmphibia
Cold blooded freshwater and terrestrial Cold blooded freshwater and terrestrial forms.forms.
Larva- in water and adult on land.Larva- in water and adult on land. Two pairs of limbs and clawless digits.Two pairs of limbs and clawless digits. Skin is moist- mucus glands.Skin is moist- mucus glands. External ear absent, eardrum present.External ear absent, eardrum present. Protruding eyes with eyelids.Protruding eyes with eyelids.
ReptiliaReptilia
Have dry scalesHave dry scalesLay leathery Lay leathery
shelled eggsshelled eggsCold bloodedCold blooded
Sea snakeSea snake
ReptiliaReptilia
Completely terrestrial.Completely terrestrial. Cold blooded. Cold blooded. Underdeveloped limbs, hence crawl.Underdeveloped limbs, hence crawl. Skin is dry and bear bony scales or plates.Skin is dry and bear bony scales or plates. Digits are clawed.Digits are clawed.
AvesAvesHave feathers and Have feathers and
hollow boneshollow bonesLay hard shelled Lay hard shelled
eggseggsWarm bloodedWarm blooded
AvesAves
Aerial mode of life.Aerial mode of life. Warm blooded.Warm blooded. Body is streamlined and spindle shaped.Body is streamlined and spindle shaped. Forelimbs- modified into wingsForelimbs- modified into wings Digits are clawed & covered with scales.Digits are clawed & covered with scales. Endoskeleton made of bones which are Endoskeleton made of bones which are
hollow.hollow. Exoskeleton- of feathers, beak prominent.Exoskeleton- of feathers, beak prominent.
MammaliaMammalia
Have hair and Have hair and produce milkproduce milk
Give birth to live Give birth to live offspring (no eggs)offspring (no eggs)
Warm bloodedWarm blooded
MammaliaMammalia
Presence of mammary glands.Presence of mammary glands.Warm blooded animalsWarm blooded animalsBody divisible into head, neck trunk and Body divisible into head, neck trunk and
tailtailDigits are provided with nails, claws, or Digits are provided with nails, claws, or
hooveshoovesEndoskeleton is bonyEndoskeleton is bonyExoskeleton – hairs or furExoskeleton – hairs or furExternal ear presentExternal ear present
Summary of vertebrataSummary of vertebrata
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