cloud computing-the challenges for data networks-final poster

Research Rationale.

The communications industry is an industry which rarely sleeps. Technological advances are always being sought for new methods of transferring more data from point A to point B at ever faster speeds.

The communications industry finds itself in a position where the expectations for data transfer capability between devices is exceedingly high and finds itself having to cater for demands in-creasing between 100% and 300% annually, depending on the industry sector.

Operators and regulators are faced with a number of competing technologies. Research into these technologies and their assessment may assist in the progression of advancements.

What is Cloud Computing?

For many, Cloud is a concept that has been established for many years but is now known under this new term. There are many established companies providing Cloud services and the reliance on these services is on the in-crease.

Cloud computing is a very broad term which has been associated with many evolving application technologies and trends. Very broadly speaking, cloud computing could fall into the below categories:

• Software and software licensing, i.e. running software remotely from the “cloud”

• Processing, storing, sharing and distribution of files, documents and media.

Industry commentators often liken cloud services to a company making use of a courier company for distribution around the globe rather than setting up and maintaining their own distribution network

Who uses Cloud?

A recent report by the study group OVUM showed that “63 per cent of Multi-national Corporations (MNCs) in Asia-Pacific reported the uptake of at least one of the cloud services categories; networking, communications, applica-tions, corporate IT systems, as well as data management, security and back-up.”

Two problems for the uptake of cloud services:

• companies are weary to invest as they did in the dot.com era as it is difficult for any of the industry players to predict the uptake of the individual services they are wanting to offer.

• standards have not yet been defined, no-one is sure of the route cloud services will take.

People and corporations are concerned about their data, its protection and its security.

Recently, one of the larger hosts of Cloud services, Amazon, under the name EC2 experienced a major network outage, These sort of disruptions highlight vulnerabilities for the providers of Cloud services but do very little for the confidence of potential customers.

Charles J Edwards

Student ID: 20253662

May 2011

Supervisor: Alistair Kirkpatrick

CLOUD COMPUTING:

THE CHALLENGES FOR DATA NETWORKS

Predicted take-up of Cloud services (Ried & Kisker, 2011)

Future-Proofing data infrastructure

As was the case in the dot.com era, the internets’ infrastructure needs a large amount of investment to keep pace with the current trend of expectation.

There are a number of projects either underway or being considered by operators , gov-ernments and organisations. These include:

• Fibre Rollout– The UK government has ambitious plans to work with private enter-prises such as Virgin Media and BT to radically upgrade the existing infrastructure with fibre. China Telecom are striving towards expectations laid out in China’s “Five-year plan” to provide fibre to 100million subscribers by the end of 2015.

• IPv6– Other than providing the internet with 2128 addresses, IPv6 brings along with it additional features and it would inadvertently reduce background radiation on the networks

• MPLS and QoS: Multiple Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) allows operators to merge existing technologies, reducing the amount of conversion.

• The use of Integrated and differentiated services

• MODE-GAP project– part of the EU’s Seventh Frame-work Programme. Its aim is to develop multi-mode ca-pacity enhancement with PBG fibre and targets a 100 fold enhancement in the overall capacity of the broad-band core networks. The project is set to run from Octo-ber 2010 through to September 2014.

• Spectral Efficiency– Attaining improved spectrally effi-cient modulation schemes and communications systems is imperative for wireless

communications. For many mobile phone operators their capacity limitations are shifting towards spectrum limitations. Issuing operators with spectrum within the Digital Dividend provides a balance of cost and coverage.

• LTE and IMT-advanced– Long Term Evolution is the successor to the current 3G

networks and the precursor to IMT-advanced ). IMT-advanced will be an all IP network offering speeds of up to 1Gbit/s with spectral efficiency reaching 15 bit/s/Hz

• Mobile network caching and application optimisation– There is much room for optimisation in mobile phones and for intelligent networks.

• Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS)- is further subdivided into two areas:

• Cognitive Radio/Dynamic Spectrum Access technology that is a radio or system that senses, and is aware of, its operational environment, dynami-cally and autonomously adjusting its radio operating parameters accord-ingly by collaborating with surrounding wireless and locations information

services, making use of under-utilised spectrum spaces (White Spaces)

• Software Defined Radio– The number of radios in a mobile device is sky-rocketing. The expected solution is that engineers will be able to design software systems such that the components controlled by these systems are tuneable over a wide range

• All Optical Networks (AON)- Fibre optic networks are a reality today. Advance-ments such as in the MODE-GAP project are constantly being made but there is still a large amount of Optical-Electrical-Optical conversion taking place. AON’s call for devices in such networks to work solely in the time domain.

So what’s the problem?

One of the issues hampering investment in data networks is that while the operators (both fixed and mobile) are expected to deploy ever faster networks to cope with the consumer demand, they are finding their revenue falling.

In terms of bandwidth, cloud computing could be considered a blip when compared to the size and scale of hungry content rich services such as Youtube, BBC iplayer, Netflix and other IPTV entertainment solutions.

These services combined with businesses heading towards cloud solutions, de-mands from educational institutions and government economic strategies place em-phasis on the possible future expectations placed on the internet and data infrastruc-tures.

The chart above is a representative snapshot of the London Internet Exchange (LINX) switches spanning a period from 2005 to beginning 2010. [https://www.linx.net/pubtools/trafficstats.html (Ofcom, 2010) ]

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One benefit of using your newsletter as a promo-tional tool is that you can reuse content from other marketing materials, such as press releases, market studies, and re-ports.

While your main goal of distributing a newsletter might be to sell your product or service, the key to a successful newsletter is making it

useful to your readers.

A great way to add use-ful content to your news-letter is to develop and write your own articles, or include a calendar of upcoming events or a special offer that pro-motes a new product.

You can also research articles or find “filler” articles by accessing the World Wide Web. You can write about a variety of topics but try to keep your articles short.

Much of the content you put in your newsletter can also be used for your Web site. Microsoft Publisher offers a simple way to convert your newsletter to a Web pub-lication. So, when you’re finished writing your newsletter, convert it to a Web site and post it.

context.

Microsoft Publisher in-cludes thousands of clip art images from which you can choose and import into your newslet-ter. There are also sev-eral tools you can use to draw shapes and sym-bols.

Once you have chosen an image, place it close to the article. Be sure to


Selecting pictures or graphics is an important part of adding content to your newsletter.

Think about your article and ask yourself if the picture supports or en-hances the message you’re trying to convey. Avoid selecting images that appear to be out of

place the caption of the image near the image.




If the newsletter is dis-tributed internally, you might comment upon new procedures or im-provements to the busi-ness. Sales figures or earnings will show how your business is grow-ing.

Some newsletters in-clude a column that is updated every issue, for instance, an advice col-umn, a book review, a letter from the president,

or an editorial. You can also profile new employ-ees or top customers or vendors.


The subject matter that appears in newsletters is virtually endless. You can include stories that focus on current tech-nologies or innovations in your field.

You may also want to note business or eco-nomic trends, or make predictions for your cus-tomers or clients.

“To catch the

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an interesting

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cloud computing-the challenges for data networks-final poster

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