cloud computing technology advantage - sdi 2015

7/25/2019 Cloud Computing Technology Advantage - SDI 2015

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Cloud Computing


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Note to All

This is simply another version of the Tech Competitiveness Adv. While this le

contains A and Neg there is additional A and Neg in the 4 week les section of

the wiki.


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1AC


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1AC Advantage

Mass Surveillance hurts global interest in US cloud companies.

Kills the whole US tech sector. New Freedom Act doesnt solve.

ang!o! "ost #1$

!nternally "#oting $aniel Castro% The &ice 'resident !nformation Technology and !nnovation (o#ndationand $irector of the Center for $ata !nnovation. )r. Castro writes and speaks on a variety of iss#esrelated to information technology and internet policy% incl#ding privacy% sec#rity% intellect#al property%

internet governance% e*government% and accessi+ility for people with disa+ilities. ,is work has +een"#oted and cited in n#mero#s media o#tlets% incl#ding The Washington 'ost% The Wall -treet o#rnal%N'/% 0-A Today% 1loom+erg News% and 1#sinessweek. !n 235% )r. Castro was named to (ed-coop6slist link is e7ternal8 of 9Top 2: most in;#ential people #nder 43 in government and tech.< !n 23:% 0.-.

-ecretary of Commerce 'enny 'rit=ker appointed )r. Castro to the Commerce $ata Advisory Co#ncil.1efore >oining !T!(% )r. Castro worked as an !T analyst at the ?overnment Acco#nta+ility @ce ?A@8

where he a#dited !T sec#rity and management controls at vario#s government agencies. ,e has a 1.-.in (oreign -ervice from ?eorgetown 0niversity and an ).-. in !nformation -ec#rity Technology and)anagement from Carnegie )ellon 0niversity. 9-nowden revelations costly for 0- tech rmsB st#dy< *1angkok 'ost #ne 3th * httpBwww.+angkokpost.comtechworld*#pdates:DD3:snowden*revelations*costly*for*#s*tech*rms*st#dy8

0- technology companies are getting hit harder than anticipated +yrevelations a+o#t

s#rveillanceprograms led +y the National -ec#rity Agency% a st#dy showed T#esday.

The st#dy +y the !nformation Technology and !nnovation (o#ndation% a Washingtonthink tank% said the impact wo#ld +e greater than its estimate nearly two years ago

of losses for the clo#d comp#ting sector. !n 235% the think tank estimated that 0- clo#d

comp#tingrms co#ld lose+etween E22 +illion and E5: +illion in overseas +#siness over

three %ears. !t now appears impossi+le to "#antify the economic damage +eca#se the entire sector has +een tarnished +ythe scandal from revelations in doc#ments leaked +y former N-A contractor Fdward -nowden% the report said. GThese

revelationshavef#ndamentally shaken international tr#st in 0- tech companies and h#rt

0- +#siness prospects all over the world %G the report said. -t#dy co*a#thor $aniel Castro said the impactis now open*ended% with the N-A scandal having tarnished a wide range of 0- tech rms. -ince 235% he said% Gwe havenHt t#rned

this aro#ndB itHs not >#st clo#d companies. !tHs all tech rms implicated +y this%G he told A('. G!tdoesnHt show any signs of stopping.G The report said foreign c#stomersare increasingly sh#nning 0-

companies% and governments aro#nd the world Gare #sing 0- s#rveillance as an e7c#se to enact a new wave of protectionist

policies.G @ne s#rvey cited +y the researchers fo#nd 2: percent of +#sinesses in 1ritain and Canada

planned to p#ll company data o#t of the 0nited -tates as a res#lt of the N-A

revelations. -ome companies in F#rope do not want their data hosted in North

America d#e to these concerns% the researchers said. )eanwhile foreign companies have #sedthe revelations as a marketing opport#nity.GThere is also an increasingly distressing trend of

co#ntries% s#ch as A#stralia% China% /#ssia% and !ndia% passing laws that prevent their citi=ensH personal information from

leaving the co#ntryHs +orders ** eectively mandating that clo#d comp#ting rms +#ild data centersin those co#ntriesor risk losing access to their markets.G The report said several 0- tech rms incl#ding Apple and-alesforce have already started to +#ild data centers a+road Gto appease foreign watchdogs and privacy advocates.G While this

Gdata nationalismG may create some >o+s in the short term% Castro said that co#ntries enacting these policies Gare h#rting

themselves in the long term +y c#tting themselves o from the +est technology.G * New law ins#cient * Castro said the


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passage of a reform meas#re last week called the 0-A (reedom Act is not s#cientto repair the rep#tation of 0- tech rms.

ul! surveillance will !ill investment in US cloud computing.

&hat crushes the US tech sector.

Mindoc! 1$

Clark )indock * /eporting (ellow at !nternational 1#siness Times !nternally "#oting The !nformation

Technology and !nnovation (o#ndation. !T!( is a non*partisan research and ed#cational instit#te athink tank whose mission is to form#late and promote p#+lic policies to advance technologicalinnovation and prod#ctivity internationally% in Washington% and in the states. 9N-A -#rveillance Co#ldCost 1illions (or 0- !nternet Companies After Fdward -nowden /evelations< * !nternational 1#siness

Times * #ne 3 23: httpBwww.i+times.comnsa*s#rveillance*co#ld*cost*+illions*#s*internet*companies*after*edward*snowden*I:IJ5J8

(ail#re to reform N ational - ec#rity A dministration spying programsrevealed +y Fdward-nowden co#ld +e more economically ta7ing than previo#sly tho#ght% says a new st#dy p#+lished

+y the !nformation Technology and !nnovation (o#ndation T#esday.The st#dy s#ggests the programs co#ld

+e aecting the technology sector as a whole % not 'ust the cloud(computing

sector % and that the costs co#ld soar m#ch higher than previo#sly e7pected. Fven

modest declines in clo#d comp#ting reven#es fromthe revealed s#rveillance programs% according to aprevio#s report% wo#ld cost +etween E2.: +illion and E5: +illion +y 23K. New estimates show that the toll 9will likely far

e7ceed!T!(6s initial )*$ billion estimate.< 9The 0.-. government6s fail#re to reformmany of the

N-A6s s#rveillance programs has damaged the competitiveness of the 0.-. techsector and cost it a portion of the glo+al market share%< a s#mmary of the report said. /evelations +ydefense contractor -nowden in #ne 235 e7posed massive 0.-. government s#rveillance capa+ilities and showed the N-A collected

American phone records in +#lk% and witho#t a warrant. The +#lk phone*recordrevelations% and many others in thesame vein% incl#ding the re"#ired complacency of American telecom and +nternet companies in providing the data,

raised "#estions a+o#tthe transparency of American s#rveillance programs and

prompted o#tragefrom privacy advocates. The st#dy% p#+lished this week% arg#es that unless the

American government can vigorousl% re-orm how N-A s#rveillance is

reg#latedand overseen% 0.-. companies will lose contracts and% #ltimately% theircompetitive edge in a glo+al market as cons#mers aro#nd the world choose clo#d

comp#ting and technology options that do not have potential ties to American

surveillance programs. The report comes amid a debate in Congress on what

to do withthe 'atriot Act% the law that provides m#ch of the a#thority for the s#rveillance programs.As of #ne %

a#thority to collectAmerican phone dataen masse e7pired% tho#gh "#estions remain as towhetherletting that a#thority e7pire is enough to protect privac%. -#pporters of the programs arg#e

that they provide the co#ntry with necessary capa+ilities to ght terrorism a+road. A f#rther reform made thephone records collection process illegal for the government% and instead gave that

responsi+ility to the telecom companies.


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&ech competitiveness !e% to US hegemon%.

Martino, #

/occo% -enior (ellow at the (oreign 'olicy /esearch !nstit#te% A -trategy for -#ccessB !nnovation Will/enew American Leadership% @r+is% &ol#me :% !ss#e 28

)#ch of the foreign policy disc#ssion in the 0nited -tates today is foc#sed #pon the dilemma posed +y the !ra" War

and the threat posed +y !slamist terrorism. These pro+lems are% of co#rse% +oth immediate and important. ,owever%

America also faces other challenges to its physical sec#rity and economic prosperity% and these are more long*term

and pro+a+ly more profo#nd.There is% rst% the threat posed +yo#r declining competitiveness

in the glo+al economy% a threat most o+vio#sly represented +y s#ch rising economic powers as China and!ndia. There is% second% the threat posed +y o#r increasing dependence on oil imports from the )iddle Fast.

)oreover% these two threats are increasingly connected% as China and !ndia themselves are greatly increasing their

demand for )iddle Fast oil.2The 0nited -tates of co#rse faced great challenges to its sec#rityand

economy in the past% most o+vio#sly from ?ermany and apanin the rst half of the

twentieth cent#ry and from the -oviet 0nion in the second half.Crucial to

America/s abilit% to prevail over thesepast challengeswas o#r technological and

ind#strial leadership% and especially o#r a+ility to contin#o#sly recreate it. !ndeed%the0nited -tates has+een #ni"#e among great powers in its a+ility to keep on creating and recreating new technologies and new

ind#stries% generation after generation. 'erpet#al innovation and technological leadership might

even +e said to +e the American way o- maintaining primac% in world a0airs .They are almost certainly what America will have to p#rs#e in order to prevail over the contemporary challenges

involving economic competitiveness and energy dependence.There is therefore an #rgent need for

America tores#me its historic emphasis on innovation. The 0nited -tates needs a national strategy foc#sed

#pon developing new technologies and creating new ind#stries.Fvery s#ccessf#l strategy m#stdene an o+>ective or mission% determine a sol#tion% and assem+le the means of e7ec#tion. !n this case% the

o+>ective is economic s#periorityM the sol#tion is new ind#stries which +#ild #pon the contemporary revol#tion in

information technologyM and the means of e7ec#tion will have to incl#de a partnership of ind#stry% government% and

people.5

Failed US leadership causes etinction2no alternative tohegemon%

r3e3ins!i #14

+igniew O. 1r=e=inski * C-!- co#nselor and tr#stee and cochairs the C-!- Advisory 1oard% holds

honorary degrees from ?eorgetown 0niversity% Williams College% (ordham 0niversity% College of the,oly Cross% Alliance College% the Catholic 0niversity of L#+lin% Warsaw 0niversity% and &ilni#s0niversity. ,e is the recipient of n#mero#s honors and awards8 (e+r#ary 232 9After Americaor !nternet companies like ?oogle % )icrosoft and Vahoo

secretly handing over c#stomer data to intelligence agencies have sha!en consumer

con?dence . GThe feeling of +etrayal is considera+le and #nderstanda+le%G Co++ said.

@ne res#lt is that people appear to be scaling bac! their +nternet use . Nearly half of

the respondents have +ecome more ca#tio#sa+o#t what they say% where they go and what they

do on the !nternet. A+o#t 2:U are less inclined to #se emailthese days +eca#se of the same reason.Tho#gh the s#rvey sample is relatively modest% the res#lts are signicant% Co++ said. 1#sinesses wo#ld do well topay attention to the res#lts% he said. G! donHt know if +anks or online retailers are noticing the same thing%G he said.
http://www.computerworld.com/article/2604630/tech-groups-press-congress-to-pass-usa-freedom-act.htmlhttp://www.computerworld.com/article/2604630/tech-groups-press-congress-to-pass-usa-freedom-act.htmlhttp://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9246857/Snowden_advocates_at_SXSW_for_improved_data_securityhttp://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9246857/Snowden_advocates_at_SXSW_for_improved_data_securityhttp://www.computerworld.com/article/2604630/tech-groups-press-congress-to-pass-usa-freedom-act.htmlhttp://www.computerworld.com/article/2604630/tech-groups-press-congress-to-pass-usa-freedom-act.html


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Eeg good; < Eeg is good 8 prevents great power wars.

roo!s et al 1*,-tephen ?. 1rooks% ?. ohn !ken+erry% and William C.Wohlforth% -tephen ?. 1rooks is Associate 'rofessor of ?overnment at $artmo#th

College. ?. ohn !ken+erry is the Al+ert ?. )il+ank 'rofessor of 'olitics and!nternational Aairs at 'rinceton 0niversity in the $epartment of 'olitics and the

Woodrow Wilson -chool of '#+lic and !nternational Aairs * also a ?lo+al Fminence

-cholar at Oy#ng ,ee 0niversity. William C. Wohlforth is the $aniel We+ster'rofessor in the $epartment of ?overnment at $artmo#th College. 9$on6t Come

,ome AmericaB The Case against /etrenchmentor sec#rity

+enetsM in the ne7t section% we take #p the wider pa%o0s o- the United States securit%role -or its interests in other realms, notabl% the global econom%an interaction

relatively #ne7plored +y international relations scholars. A core premise of deep engagement is that

it prevents the emergence o- a -ar more dangerous global securit%

environment. (or one thing% as noted a+ove% the U nited S tates overseas presence

gives it the leverage to restrain partners -rom ta!ing provocative action.

'erhaps more important% its core alliance commitments also deter states with aspirations

to regional hegemony from contemplating e7pansion and make its partners moresec#re% red#cing their incentive to adopt sol#tions to their sec#rity pro+lems that

threaten others and th#s stoke sec#rity dilemmas. The contention that engaged 0.-.

power dampens the +alef#l eects of anarchyis consistent with in;#ential variants of realist

theory. !ndeed% arg#a+ly the scariest portrayal of the war*prone world that wo#ld emerge a+sent the 9American'acier< is provided in the works of ohn )earsheimer% who forecasts dangero#s m#ltipolar regions replete

with sec#rity competition % arms races% n#clear proliferation and associated

preventive war temptations% regional rivalries% and even r#ns at regional hegemonyand f#ll*scale great power war.J2 ,ow do retrenchment advocates% the +#lk of whom are realists%disco#nt this +ene tQ Their arg#ments are complicated% +#t two capt#re most of the variationB 8 0.-. sec#rityg#arantees are not necessary to prevent dangero#s rivalries and con;ict in F#rasiaM or 28 prevention of rivalry and

con;ict in F#rasia is not a 0.-. interest. Fach response is connected to a dierent theory or set of theories% whichmakes sense given that the whole de+ate hinges on a comple7 f#t#re co#nterfact#al what wo#ld happen to

F#rasia6s sec#rity setting if the 0nited -tates tr#ly disengagedQ8. Altho#gh a certain answer is impossi+le% each of

these responses is nonetheless a weaker arg#ment for retrenchment than advocates acknowledge. The rst

response ;ows from defensive realism as well as other international relations theories that disco#nt the con;ict*

generating potential of anarchy #nder contemporary conditions.J5 $efensive realists maintain that the high

e7pected costs of territorial con"#est% defense dominance% and an array of policies and practices that can +e #sed

credi+ly to signal +enign intent% mean that F#rasia6s ma>or states co#ld manage regional m#ltipolarity peacef#llywitho#t the American pacier. /etrenchment wo#ld +e a +et on this scholarship% partic#larly in regions where the

kinds of sta+ili=ers that nonrealistic theories point tos#ch as democratic governance or dense instit#tional

linkagesare either a+sent or weakly present. There are three other ma>or +odies of scholarship% however% that

might give decision makers pa#se +efore making this +et. (irst is regional e7pertise. Needless to say% there is no

consens#s on the net sec#rity eects of 0.-. withdrawal. /egarding each region% there are optimists and pessimists.

(ew e7perts e7pect a ret#rn of intense great power competition in a post*American F#rope% +#t many do#+t

F#ropean governments will pay the political costs of increased F0 defense cooperation and the +#dgetary costs of

increasing military o#tlays.J4 The res#lt might +e a F#rope that is incapa+le of sec#ring itself from

vario#s threats that co#ld +e desta+ili=ing within the region and +eyonde.g.% a regional
http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/IS3703_Brooks%20Wohlforth%20Ikenberry.pdfhttp://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/IS3703_Brooks%20Wohlforth%20Ikenberry.pdfhttp://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/IS3703_Brooks%20Wohlforth%20Ikenberry.pdfhttp://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/IS3703_Brooks%20Wohlforth%20Ikenberry.pdf


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con;ict akin to the II3s 1alkan wars8% lacks capacity for glo+al sec#rity missions in which 0.-.leaders might want F#ropean participation% and is v#lnera+le to the in;#ence of

o#tside rising powers. What a+o#t the other parts of F#rasia where the 0nited -tates has a s#+stantialmilitary presenceQ /egarding the )iddle Fast% the +alance +egins to swing toward pessimists concerned that states

c#rrently +acked +y Washington nota+ly !srael% Fgypt% and -a#di Ara+iamight take actions

#pon 0.-. retrenchment that wo#ld intensify sec#rity dilemmas. And concerning

Fast Asia% pessimism regarding the region6s prospects witho#t the American pacieris prono#nced.Arg#a+ly the principal concern e7pressed +y area e7perts is thatapan and South

Korea are li!el% to obtain a nuclear capacit% and increase their militar%

commitments, which could sto!e a destabili3ing reaction -rom China.!t is

nota+le that d#ring the Cold War% +oth -o#th Oorea and Taiwan moved to o+tain a n#clear

weapons capacity and were only constrained from doing so +y a still*engaged

0nited -tates.J: The second +ody of scholarship casting do#+t on the +et on defensive realism6s sang#ineportrayal is all of the research that #ndermines its conception of state preferences. $efensive realism6s optimism

a+o#t what wo#ld happen if the 0nited -tates retrenched is very m#ch dependent on its partic#larand highly

restrictiveass#mption a+o#t state preferencesM once we rela7 this ass#mption% then m#ch of its +asis for optimism

vanishes. -pecically% the prediction of post*American tran"#ility thro#gho#t F#rasia rests

on the ass#mption that sec#rity is the only relevant state preference% with sec#rity

de ned narrowly in terms of protection from violent e7ternal attacks on thehomeland. 0nder that ass#mption% the sec#rity pro+lem is largely solved as soon as

oense and defense are clearly disting#isha+le% and oense is e7tremely e7pensive

relative to defense. 1#rgeoning research across the social and other sciences% however% #ndermines thatcore ass#mptionB states have preferences not only for sec#rity +#t also for prestige% stat#s% and other aims% and

they engage in trade*os among the vario#s o+>ectives.JK !n addition% they dene sec#rity not >#st in terms of

territorial protection +#t in view of many and varied milie# goals. !t follows that even states that are relatively

sec#re may nevertheless engage in highly competitive +ehavior. Fmpirical st#dies show that this is indeed

sometimes the case.JJ !n s#m% a +et on a +enign postretrenchment F#rasia is a +et that leaders of ma>or co#ntries

will never allow these nonsec#rity preferences to in;#ence their strategic choices. To the degree that these +odies

of scholarly knowledge have predictive leverage% U.S. retrenchment would result in a

signi?cant deterioration in the securit% environment in at least some o-

the worlds !e% regions.We have already mentioned the third% even more alarming +ody ofscholarship. @ensive realism predicts that the withdrawal o- the American pacier will %ield

either a competitive regional multipolarit% complete with associated

insecurit%, arms racing, crisis instabilit%, nuclear proli-eration, and the

li!e, or bids -or regional hegemon%, which ma% be be%ond the capacit% o-

local great powers to contain and which in an% case would generate intensel%

competitive behavior, possibl% including regional great power war8. ,ence it is#ns#rprising that retrenchment advocates are prone to foc#s on the second arg#ment noted a+oveB that avoidingwars and sec#rity dilemmas in the world6s core regions is not a 0.-. national interest. (ew do#+t that the 0nited

-tates co#ld s#rvive the ret#rn of insec#rity and con;ict among F#rasian powers% +#t at what costQ )#ch of the

work in this area has foc#sed on the economic e7ternalities of a renewed threat of insec#rity and war% which we

disc#ss +elow. (oc#sing on the p#re sec#rity rami ctions% there are two main reasons why decisionmakers may +e

rationally rel#ctant to r#n the retrenchment e7periment. (irst% overall higher levels of con;ict make

the world a more dangero#s place. Were F#rasia to ret#rn to higher levels ofinterstate military competition% one wo#ld see overall higher levels of military

spending and innovation and a higher likelihood of competitive regional pro7y wars

and arming of client statesall of which wo#ld +e concerning% in part +eca#se it wo#ld promote afaster di#sion of military power away from the 0nited -tates. ?reater regional

insec#rity co#ld well feed proliferation cascades% as states s#ch as Fgypt% apan%

-o#th Oorea% Taiwan% and -a#di Ara+ia all might choose to create n#clear forces.JD !t

is #nlikely that proliferation decisions +y any of these actors wo#ld +e the end of the gameB they wo#ld likely


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generate press#re locally for more proliferation.(ollowing Oenneth Walt=% many retrenchmentadvocates are proliferation optimists% ass#ming that n#clear deterrence solves the sec#rity pro+lem.JI 0s#ally

carried o#t in dyadic terms% the debate over the stabilit% o- proli-eration changes as

the numbers go up. 'roliferation optimism rests on ass#mptions of rationality and

narrow sec#rity preferences. !n social science% however% s#ch ass#mptions are

inevita+ly pro+a+ilistic.>ptimists assume that most states are led b% rational

leaders, most will overcome organi3ational problems and resist the

temptation to preempt be-ore -eared neighbors nucleari3e, and most

pursue onl% securit% and are ris! averse. Con?dence in such probabilistic

assumptions declines i- the world were to move -rom nine to twent%,

thirt%, or -ort% nuclear states.!n addition% man% o- the other dangers noted b%

anal%sts who are concerned about the destabili3ing e0ects o- nuclear

proli-eration2including the ris! o- accidents and the prospects that some

new nuclear powers will not have trul% survivable -orces2seem prone to

go up as the number o- nuclear powers grows .D3 )oreover% the risk of

9#nforeseen crisis dynamics< that co#ld spin o#t of control is also higher as the

n#m+er of n#clear powers increases. (inally% add to these concerns the enhanced

danger of n#clear leakage% and a world with overall higher levels of sec#ritycompetition +ecomes yet more worrisome The pro+lem is that China6s rise p#ts the

possi+ility of its attaining regional hegemony on the ta+le% at least in the medi#m tolong term. As )earsheimer notes% 9&he United States will have to pla% a !e% role in

countering China, because its Asian neighbors are not strong enough to do

it b% themselves.


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Neg Materials


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1NC -rontline

; < Current Freedom Act suGcient to solve cloud computing

CN #1$

1#siness Clo#d News. 1#siness Clo#d News is a leading provider of news% analysis and feat#re content

covering the clo#d ind#stry and enterprise !T glo+ally * 90-A (reedom Act passes ending +#lk datacollection< )ay 4th * httpBwww.+#sinessclo#dnews.com23:3:4#sa*freedom*act*passes*ending*+#lk*data*collection

The0-A (reedom Act%a +ipartisan +ill aimed at reforming the 0- 'atriot Act that wo#ldamong other things end kindof +#lk data collectionFdward -nowden revealedtwo years ago% passed the ,o#seor/epresentatives +y a wide margin this week. The move may +e welcome news to +oth telcos and clo#d service providers alike%many of which lo++ied hard for 0- s#rveillance reform. The +ill% which passed in a 52D for DD against vote% ends the +#lk collection

of comm#nications metadata #nder vario#s legal a#thorities% and not only incl#des telephony metadata collected #nder -ection 2:

+#t internet metadata that has +een or co#ld +e collected #nder other legal a#thorities as well. !t will also allow companies to +e

more transparent with the demands +eing placed on them +y legal a#thorities% and will create new oversight and acco#nta+ility

mechanisms that will shed more light on the decisions reached +y the (oreign !ntelligence -#rveillance Co#rt (!-C8% which has so

far operated in a deeply secretive manner and with little interference. 9This +ill is an e7tremely well*draftedcompromisethe prod#ct of nearly two years of work. !t eectively protects Americans6 civil li+erties and o#r nationalsec#rity. ! am very pro#d of the 0-A (reedom Act and am condent it is the most responsi+le path forward%< said im -ensen+renner%

/ep#+lican /epresentative for Wisconsin6s fth district. 9!f the 'atriot Act a#thorities e7pire% and the (!-C approves +#lk collection

#nder a dierent a#thority% how wo#ld the p#+lic knowQ Witho#t the 0-A (reedom Act% they won6t. Allowing the 'AT/!@T Act

a#thorities to e7pire so#nds like a civil li+ertarian victory% +#t it will act#ally mean less privacy and more risk.< 9Let6s not killthese important reforms +eca#se we wish the +ill did more. There is no perfect.Fvery+ill we vote on co#ld do more%< he added. @thers% incl#ding Ted Lie# $*CA8% voted against the proposed reforms +eca#se the +ill

didn6t go far eno#gh. 9While ! appreciate a n#m+er of the reforms in the +ill and #nderstand the need for sec#re co#nter*espionage

and terrorism investigations% ! +elieve o#r nation is +etter served +y allowing -ection 2: to e7pire completely and replacing it witha meas#re that nds a +etter +alance +etween national sec#rity interests and protecting the civil li+erties of Americans%< Lie# said.

91eyond -ection 2:% ! am tro#+led that the 0-A (reedom Act wo#ld leave in place -ections :3: and J32% provisions that also allow

sweeping data collection and +ackdoor searches circ#mventing encryption that can res#lt in the collection of information of 0-

citi=ens not identied in warrants. The loopholes left in place will contin#e to #ndermine the tr#st of the American people.< 9A

federal district co#rt str#ck down the N-A6s spying on Americans and called the N-A '/!-) program @rwellian.6 A federal appellate

co#rt r#led last week that the N-A6s +#lk collection program was illegal. $espite these two co#rt decisions% the N-A contin#es to

operate its #nconstit#tional and illegal programs.< )any clo#d service providersand telecoms companies have

for the past two years since -nowden6s N-A*related revelations primarily8 voiced concerns that fail#re to

reform0- s#rveillancepractices co#ld alienate c#stomers+oth foreign and domestic. )icrosoft and ?ooglehave +een partic#larly vocal a+o#t this in recent months. ?oogle6s vice president p#+lic policy and government aairs in the

Americas -#san )olinari tr#mpeted her s#pport of the +ill. -he said the bill ta!es a big step -orward in

surveillance re-orm 9while preserving important national sec#rity a#thorities.< 9!t ends +#lk collection ofcomm#nications metadata #nder vario#s legal a#thorities% allows companies like ?oogle to disclose national sec#rity demands with

greater gran#larity% and creates new acco#nta+ility and oversight mechanisms.M" &+A #1


19/22

Comp T!A is the voice of the world6s information technology !T8 ind#stry. As a non*prot trade association% we advance the glo+al interests of !T professionals and !T

channel organi=ations. 90.- Tech !nd#stry Adds Nearly I%333 o+s in (irst ,alf of

234% TechAmerica (o#ndation Analysis /eveals< C@)'T!A * @ct :% 234 *httpsBwww.comptia.orga+o#t*#snewsroompress*releases2343:#.s*tech*

ind#stry*adds*nearly*I*333*>o+s*in*rst*half*of*234*techamerica*fo#ndation*analysis*reveals8

The 0nited -tates technology ind#stry added nearly I%333 net >o+sd#ring the rst half of

234% a new analysis+y the TechAmerica (o#ndation reveals.The ind#stry employed some K.5 millionworkers as of #ne 234. $#ring the rst si7 months of the year ind#stry employment increased +y .Ipercent.This growth rate was slightly higher than the .D percent growth d#ring the same period in 235% +#t

slower than the 5.: percent growth in employment for the overall private sector.Thelatest edition of theTechAmerica (o#ndation6s Competitiveness -eries e7aminesnational tech employment trends for the past D

months in ve sectorsB technology man#fact#ring%telecomm#nications% softwarep#+lishing% !T

services and /S$% testing and engineeringservices. Fach of the ve categories recorded >o+growthd#ring the rst si7 months of 234. The !T services category% for e7ample% added 5K%333 >o+s. 9This isa re;ection of one of the most signicantmacro trends shaping the ind#stry right now

the on*going shift to an agile% on*demand% as*a*service model%


20/22

ac!lines


21/22

Current Freedom Act Solves

; < Status Iuo Freedom Act suGcient

C5A 1$#ne 2% 23:% 9WashingtonB CFA 'raises -enate 'assage of 0-A (/FF$@)

Act< httpBwww.ce.orgNewsNews*/eleases'ress*/eleases23:*'ress*/eleasesCFA*'raises*-enate*'assage*of*0-A*(/FF$@)*Act.asp7% ekr8

The Cons#mer Flectronics Association has iss#ed the following news releaseBThe following statement is

attri+#ted to )ichael 'etricone% senior vice president of government and reg#latoryaairs% Cons#mer Flectronics Association CFA8X% regarding the 0.-. -enate6s passage of ,./. 234D% the 0niting and

-trengthening America +y (#llling /ights and Fns#ring Fective $iscipline @ver )onitoring 0-A (/FF$@)8 Act of 23:B 9We

welcome thisimportant reform to 0.-. intelligence gathering which takes critical steps

to increase transparenc% and restore trust in American businesses % all

while maintaining o#r commitment to preserving o#r national sec#rity.The+ipartisan

0-A (/FF$@) Actis common*sense reform to o#r nation6s intelligence gathering programs% which will preserve

American +#sinesses6 competitiveness worldwide% while contin#ing to protect o#r national sec#rity.9(ollowing the -enate passage% the legislation now heads to the White ,o#se% where we anticipate swift action +y 'resident @+ama

to sign this legislation into law.


22/22

No Eeg +mpact

No impact to hegemonic transition 8 the US order will be

upheld

+!enberr%, 6B ?ilford ohn !ken+erry is a theorist of international relations and0nited -tates foreign policy% and a professor of 'olitics and !nternational Aairs inthe Woodrow Wilson -chool of '#+lic and !nternational Aairs at 'rinceton 0niversity

?ilford ohn% 9The /ise of China and the (#t#re of the West Can the Li+eral -ystem

-#rviveQ#st face the 0 nited - tatesM it faces a Western*centeredsystem that is open% integrated% and r#le*+ased% with wide and deep political

fo#ndations. The n#clear revol#tion% meanwhile% has made war among great powers #nlikely ** eliminating thema>or tool that rising powers have #sed to overt#rn international systems defended +y declining hegemonic states.

TodayHs Western order % in short% is hard to overt#rn and easy to>oin .This#n#s#ally

d#ra+leand e7pansive order is itself the prod#ct of farsighted 0.-. leadership. AfterWorld War !!% the 0nited -tates did notsimply esta+lish itself as the leading world power. !tled in the creation of #niversal instit#tions thatnot only invited glo+al mem+ership+#t

also +ro#ght democracies and market societies closer together. !t +#ilt an order that facilitated the

participation and integration of +oth esta+lished great powers and newlyindependent states. !t is often forgotten that this postwar order was designed in large part to reintegratethe defeated A7is states and the +eleag#ered Allied states into a #nied international system.8 Today% China can

gain f#ll access to and thrive within this system. And if it does% China will rise% +#t the Western order** if

managed properly ** will live on.
https://www.foreignaffairs.org/articles/asia/2008-01-01/rise-china-and-future-west)//KTChttps://www.foreignaffairs.org/articles/asia/2008-01-01/rise-china-and-future-west)//KTC

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