Virtualizationtechnology allows servers and storage devices to be shared and utilization be increased. Applications can be easily migrated from one physical server to another.CLOUD COMPUTING

SEMINAR REPORT

Presented by:HARSHITA PRAKASHROLL NO: 1250813027

Department of information technology BABU BANARASI DAS ENGINEERING COLLEGE LUCKNOW Gautam Buddha Technical UniversitySession-2014-2015

Babu Banarasi Das Educational Society Group Of Institutions, Faculty Of EngineeringConstituent college ofGAUTAM BUDDH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

Department of CSE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this seminar entitledCLOUD COMPUTING(An Introduction to Cloud Technology)was presented by

ASHISH KUMAR VERMADuring the year 2014-2015 as a part of curriculum and was found satisfied

(Mr. Shivendu Mishra) (Mrs. Neeta Rastogi)Seminar Co-OrdinatorHOD( CSE)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express my profound gratitude to Mrs. Neeta Rastogi(Professor & HOD), Mr. Shivendu Mishra (Senior Lecturer), Mr. Shivendu Mishra (Seminar Co-ordinator) Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering for the valuable help and guidance in the preparation of this report on Cloud Computing.

I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all Lab Assistents and all other staff members of B.Tech, Computer Science and Engineering and Information Technology Department.

Finally I would also wish to record my gratefulness to all my friends and classmates for their help.

ASHISH KUMAR VERMA

ABSTRACT

Innovation is necessary to ride the inevitable tide of change .Enterprises strive to reduce computing costs. Many start by consolidating their IT operations and later introducing virtualization technologies. Cloud computing takes these steps to a new level and allows an organization to further reduce costs through improved utilization, reduced administration and infrastructure costs, and faster deployment cycles. The cloud is a next Generation platform that provides dynamic resource pools, virtualization, and high availability.

Cloud computing describes both a platform and a type of application. A cloud computing platform dynamically provisions, configures, reconfigures, and deprovisions servers as needed. Cloud applications are applications that are extended to be accessible through the Internet. These cloud applications use large data centers and powerful servers that host Web applications and Web services.

Cloud computing infrastructure accelerates and fosters the adoption of innovations:Enterprises are increasingly making innovation their highest priority. They realize they need to seek new ideas and unlock new sources of value. Driven by the pressure to cut costs and grow simultaneouslythey realize that its not possible to succeed simply by doing the same things better. They know they have to do new things that produce better results. Cloud computing enables innovation. It alleviates the need of innovators to find resources to develop, test, and make their innovations available to the user community. Innovators are free to focus on the innovation rather than the logistics of finding and managing resources that enable the innovation. Cloud computing helps leverage innovation as early as possible to deliver business value to IBM and its customers.Fostering innovation requires unprecedented flexibility and responsiveness. The enterprise should provide an ecosystem where innovators are not hindered by excessive processes, rules, and resource constraints. In this context, a cloud computing service is a necessity. It comprises an automated framework that can deliver standardized services quickly and cheaply.

Cloud computing infrastructure allows enterprises to achieve more efficient use of their IT hardware and software investments:Cloud computing increases profitability by improving resource utilization. Pooling resources into large clouds drives down costs and increases utilization by delivering resources only for as long as those resources are needed. Cloud computing allows individuals, teams, and organizations to streamline procurement processes and eliminate the need to duplicate certain computer administrative skills related to setup, configuration, and support. This report introduces the value of implementing cloud computing. The report defines clouds, explains the business benefits of cloud computing, and outlines cloud architecture and its major components. Readers will discover how a business can use cloud computing to foster innovation and reduce IT costs.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page No.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3 ABSTRACT 4LIST OF FIGURES 6

Chapter 1:Introduction of cloud computing Page no.1.1: Introduction of cloud computing..81.2: Computing on cloud 91.3: Defining the cloud .101.4: Characteristics of cloud computing .111.5: Attributes of cloud computing......131.6: Layers of cloud computing...141.7: Deployment model of cloud.171.8: Advantages of using cloud computing.191.9: Motivation towards cloud in recent time..201.10: Working of cloud computing221.11: Cloud architecture.231.13: Relation between cloud computing and utility computing251.14:Security of cloud computing.26 1.15: Summary...26

CHAPTER 2: SERVICE DELIVERY MODELS OF CLOUD

2.1: Introduction..272.2: Understanding Iaas.. 282.3: Exploring Paas. 292.4: Seeing Saas. 312.5: Summary ..32

CHAPTER 3: FUTURE SCOPE..33

CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSION.....38

REFERENCES39

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Title Page No.

Fig. 1.1: Structure of cloud 8Fig. 1.2: Cloud services on PDAs 8Fig. 1.3: Attributes of cloud services 9Fig. 1.4: Layers of cloud architecture 11Fig. 1.5: Deployment model of cloud 14Fig 1.6: Adoption model of cloud 14Fig. 1.7: Working of cloud 17Fig.1.8: Cloud vision 19Fig.1.9.: Future scope 34

Chapter- 1Introduction to Cloud Computing

1.1 INTRODUCTION :

Figure 1.1 Cloud[1]

Cloud computing is the next natural step in the evolution of on-demand information technology services and products. To a large extent cloud computing will be based on virtualized resources. The idea of cloud computing is based on a very fundamental principal of `reusability of IT capabilities`. The difference that cloud computing brings compared to traditional concepts of grid computing, distributed computing, utility computing, or autonomic computing is to broaden horizons across organizational boundaries. According to the IEEE Computer Society Cloud Computing is:

"A paradigm in which information is permanently stored in servers on the Internet and cached temporarily on clients that include desktops, Entertainment centers, table computers, notebooks, wall computers, handhelds, etc."

Though many cloud computing architectures and deployments are powered by grids, based on autonomic characteristics and consumed on the basis of utilities billing, the concept of a cloud is fairly distinct and complementary to the concepts of grid, SaaS, Utility Computing etc. In theory, cloud computing promises availability of all required hardware, software, platform, applications, infrastructure and storage with an ownership of just an internet connection. people can access the information that they need from any device with an Internet connectionincluding mobile and handheld phonesrather than being chained to the desktop. It also means lower costs, since there is no need to install software or hardware. Cloud computing used to posting and sharing photos on orkut, instant messaging with friends maintaining and upgrading business technology.

1.2 COMPUTING ON CLOUD:

Figure 1.2 Cloud Computing[2]Cloud computing is a paradigm of distributed computing to provide the customers on-demand, utility based computing services. Cloud users can provide more reliable, available and updated services to their clients in turn. Cloud itself consists of physical machines in the data centers of cloud providers. Virtualization is provided on top of these physical machines. These virtual machines are provided to the cloud users. Different cloud provider provides cloud services of different abstraction level. E.g. Amazon EC2 enables the users to handle very low level details where Google App-Engine provides a development platform for the developers to develop their applications. So the cloud services are divided into many types like Software as a Service, Platform as a Service or Infrastructure as a Service. These services are available over the Internet in the whole world where the cloud acts as the single point of access for serving all customers. Cloud computing architecture addresses diffculties of large scale data processing.

1.3 DEFINING THE CLOUD:

The cloud itself is a set of hardware, networks, storage, services, and interfaces that enable the delivery of computing as a service. Cloud services include the delivery of software, infrastructure, and storage over the Internet (either as separate components or a complete platform) based on user demand.

The world of the cloud has lots of participants:

The end user doesnt really have to know anything about the underlying technology. In small businesses, for example, the cloud provider becomes the de facto data center. In larger organizations, the IT organization oversees the inner workings of both internal resources and external cloud resources.

Business management needs to take responsibility for overall governance of data or services living in a cloud. Cloud service providers must provide a predictable and guaranteed service level and security to all their constituents.

The cloud service provider is responsible for IT assets and maintenance.

Fig.1.3 Structure of Cloud [3]

Cloud services like social networks (such as Face book or LinkedIn) and collaboration tools (like video conferencing, document management, and webinars) are changing the way people in businesses access, deliver, and understand information. Cloud computing infrastructures make it easier for companies to treat their computing

1.4 CHARACTERISTICS OF CLOUD COMPUTING:

Cloud computing exhibits the following key characteristics:

Empowermentof end-users of computing resources by putting the provisioning of those resources in their own control, as opposed to the control of a centralized IT service (for example).

Agilityimproves with users' ability to re-provision technological infrastructure resources. Application programming interface(API) accessibility to software that enables machines to interact with cloud software in the same way the user interface facilitates interaction between humans and computers. Cloud computing systems typically useREST-based APIs.

Deviceand location independenceenable users to access systems using a web browser regardless of their location or what device they are using (e.g., PC, mobile phone). As infrastructure is off-site (typically provided by a third-party) and accessed via the Internet, users can connect from anywhere.

Multi-tenancyenables sharing of resources and costs across a large pool of users thus allowing for: Centralizationof infrastructure in locations with lower costs (such as real estate, electricity, etc.)Peak-load capacityincreases (users need not engineer for highest possible load-levels)Utilization and efficiencyimprovements for systems that are often only 1020% utilized

Reliabilityis improved if multiple redundant sites are used, which makes well-designed cloud computing suitable forbusiness continuity anddisaster recovery.

Scalabilityand Elasticity via dynamic ("on-demand")provisioningof resources on a fine-grained, self-service basis near real-time, without users having to engineer for peak loads.

Performanceis monitored, and consistent and loosely coupled architectures are constructed usingweb servicesas the system interface

Security could improve due to centralization of data.Security is often as good as or better than other traditional systems, in part because providers are able to devote resources to solving security issues that many customers cannot afford.

Maintenanceof cloud computing applications is easier, because they do not need to be installed on each user's computer.

1.5 ATTRIBUTES :

Service-oriented Elastic Shared Metered by use Outcome focused Use Internet technologies

Fig.1.4. Attributes Of Cloud Services[4]

1.6 Layers:Once an internet protocol connection is established among several computers, it is possible to share services within any one of the following layers.

Figure 1.5. Layer of Cloud Architecture[5]

ClientUsers access cloud computing using networked client devices, such asdesktop computers,laptops,tabletsandsmart phones. Some of these devices -cloud clients- rely on cloud computing for all or a majority of their applications so as to be essentially useless without it. Examples arethin clientsand the browser-basedChromebook. Many cloud applications do not require specific software on the client and instead use aweb browserto interact with the cloud application. Some cloud applications, however, support specific client software dedicated to these applications (e.g.,virtual desktopclients and most email clients)ApplicationCloud application services or "Software as a Service(SaaS)" deliver software as a service over the Internet, eliminating the need to install and run the application on the customer's own computers and simplifying maintenance and support.Acloud applicationis software provided as a service. It consists of the following: a package of interrelated tasks, the definition of these tasks, and the configuration files, which contain dynamic information about tasks at run-time. Cloud tasks provide compute, storage, communication and management capabilities. Tasks can be cloned into multiple virtual machines, and are accessible through application programmable interfaces (API). Cloud applications are a kind ofutility computingthat can scale out and in to match the workload demand. Cloud applications have a pricing model that is based on different compute and storage usage, and tenancy metrics. What makes a cloud application different from other applications is itselasticity. Cloud applications have the ability to scale out and in. This can be achieved by cloning tasks in to multiplevirtual machinesat run-time to meet the changing work demand. Configuration Data is where dynamic aspects of cloudapplication are determined at run-time. There is no need to stop the running application or redeploy it in order to modify or change the information in this file.[34]SOAis an umbrella that describes any kind ofservice. A cloud application is a service. A cloud applicationmeta-modelis a SOA model that conforms to the SOA meta-model. This makes cloud applications SOA applications. However, SOA applications are not necessary cloud applications. A cloud application is a SOA application that runs under a specific environment, which is the cloud computing environment (platform). This environment is characterized by horizontalscalability, rapid provisioning, ease of access, and flexible prices. While SOA is a business model that addresses the business process management, cloud architecture addresses many technical details that are environment specific, which makes it more a technical model.

PlatformCloud platform services, also known asplatform as a service(PaaS), deliver acomputing platformand/orsolution stackas a service, often consuming cloud infrastructure and sustaining cloud applications.It facilitates deployment of applications without the cost and complexity of buying and managing the underlying hardware and software layers.Cloud computing is becoming a major change in the computing industry, and one of the most important parts of this change is the shift of cloud platforms. Platforms let developers write certain applications that can run in the cloud, or even use services provided by the cloud. There are different names being used for platforms which can include the on-demand platform, or Cloud 9. Regardless of the nomenclature, they all have great potential in developing, and when development teams create applications for the cloud, each must build its own cloud platform.InfrastructureCloud infrastructure services, also known as "infrastructure as a service" (IaaS), deliver computer infrastructure typically aplatform virtualizationenvironment as a service, along with raw (block) storage and networking. Rather than purchasing servers, software, data-center space or network equipment, clients instead buy those resources as a fully outsourced service. Suppliers typically bill such services on a utility computing basis; the amount of resources consumed (and therefore the cost) will typically reflect the level of activity.

ServerThe servers layer consists ofcomputer hardwareand/orcomputer softwareproducts that are specifically designed for the delivery of cloud services, including multi-core processors, cloud-specific operating systems and combined offerings.

1.7 Deployment models:

Fig.1.6. Deployment Model of Cloud[6]

Public cloudA public cloud is one based on the standard cloud computing model, in which a service provider makes resources, such as applications and storage, available to the general public over the Internet. Public cloud services may be free or offered on a pay-per-usage model.

Community cloudCommunity cloud shares infrastructure between several organizations from a specific community with common concerns (security, compliance, jurisdiction, etc.), whether managed internally or by a third-party and hosted internally or externally. The costs are spread over fewer users than a public cloud (but more than a private cloud), so only some of the cost savings potential of cloud computing are realized.

Hybrid cloudHybrid cloud is a composition of two or more clouds (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together, offering the benefits of multiple deployment models. It can also be defined as multiple cloud systems that are connected in a way that allows programs and data to be moved easily from one deployment system to another.

Private cloudPrivate cloud is infrastructure operated solely for a single organization, whether managed internally or by a third-party and hosted internally or externally.They have attracted criticism because users "still have to buy, build, and manage them" and thus do not benefit from less hands-on management. essentially "[lacking] the economic model that makes cloud computing such an intriguing concept".

Fig.1.7 Cloud Adoption Model [7]

1.8ADVANTAGES OF USING CLOUD:

The advantages for using cloud services can be of technical, architectural, business.

1.8.1 Cloud Providers' point of view:

(a) Most of the data centers today are under utilized. They are mostly 15%utilized. These data centers need spare capacity just to cope with thehuge spikes that sometimes get in the server usage. Large companieshaving those data centers can easily rent those computing power to otherorganizations and get profit out of it and also make the resources neededfor running data center (like power) utilized properly.(b) Companies having large data centers have already deployed the resourcesand to provide cloud services they would need very little investment andthe cost would be incremental.

1.8.2Cloud Users' point of view:

(a) Cloud users need not to take care about the hardware and software theyuse and also they don't have to be worried about maintenance. The usersare no longer tied to some one traditional system.

(b) Virtualization technology gives the illusion to the users that they arehaving all the resources available.

(c) Cloud users can use the resources on demand basis and pay as much asthey use. So the users can plan well for reducing their usage to minimizetheir expenditure.

(d) Scalability is one of the major advantages to cloud users. Scalability isprovided dynamically to the users. Users get as much resources as theyneed. Thus this model perfectly fits in the management of rare spikes inthe demand.

1.9:Motivation towards Cloud in recent time:

Cloud computing is not a new idea but it is an evolution of some old paradigm ofdistributed computing. The advent of the enthusiasm about cloud computing inrecent past is due to some recent technology trend and business models

1.9.1High demand of interactive applications :

Applications with real time response and with capability of providing information either by other users or by nonhuman sensors gaining more and more popularity today. These are generally attracted to cloud not only because of high availability but also because these services are generally data intensive and require analyzing data across different sources.

1.9.2. Parallel batch processing :

Cloud inherently supports batch-processing and analyzing tera-bytes of data very effciently. Programming models like Google's map-reduce [18] and Yahoo!'s open source counter part Hadoop can be used to do these hiding operational complexity of parallel processing of hundreds of cloud computing servers.

1.9.3. New trend in business world and scientic community:

In recent times the business enterprises are interested in discovering customers needs, buying patterns, supply chains to take top management decisions. These require analysis of very large amount of online data. This can be done with the help of cloud very easily. Yahoo! Homepage is a very good example of such thing. In the homepage they show the hottest news in the country. And according to the users' interest they change the ads and other sections in the page. Other than these many scientifc experiments need very time consuming data processing jobs like LHC (Large Hadron Collider). Those can be done by cloud.

1.9.4. Extensive desktop application:

Some desktop applications like Matlab, Mathematica are becoming so compute intensive that a single desktop machine is no longer enough to run them. So they are developed to be capable of using cloud computing to perform extensive evaluations.

1.10 WORKING OF CLOUD COMPUTING:

Cloud Computing system can be divided it into two sections: the front end and the back end. They connect to each other through a network, usually the Internet. Thefront end is the side the computer user, or client, sees.The back end is the "cloud" section of the system. On the back end there are various computers,servers and data storage systems that create the "cloud" of computing services.A central server administers the system, monitoring traffic and client demands to ensure everything runs smoothly. It followsa set of rules called protocols Servers and remote computers do most of the work and store the data

. fig. 1.8 Working Of Cloud Computing[8].1.11 CLOUD ARCHITECTURE:

The cloud providers actually have the physical data centers to provide virtualizedservices to their users through Internet. The cloud providers often provide separation between application and data. This scenario is shown in the Figure 2. The underlying physical machines are generally organized in grids and they are usually geographically distributed. Virtualization plays an important role in the cloud scenario. The data center hosts provide the physical hardware on which virtual machines resides. User potentially can use any OS supported by the virtual machines used.

Operating systems are designed for specifc hardware and software. It resultsin the lack of portability of operating system and software from one machine toanother machine which uses different instruction set architecture. The concept ofvirtual machine solves this problem by acting as an interface between the hardware and the operating system called as system VMs [21]. Another category of virtual machine is called process virtual machine which acts as an abstract layer between the operating system and applications. Virtualization can be very roughly said to be as software translating the hardware instructions generated by conventional software to the understandable format for the physical hardware. Virtualization also includes the mapping of virtual resources like registers and memory to real hardware resources. The underlying platform in virtualization is generally referred to as host and the software that runs in the VM environment is called as the guest.

The Figure 3 shows very basics of virtualization. Here the virtualization layer covers the physical hardware. Operating System accesses physical hardware through virtualization layer. Applications can issue instruction by using OS interface as well as directly using virtualizing layer interface. This design enables the users to use applications not compatible with the operating system.Virtualization enables the migration of the virtual image from one physicalmachine to another and this feature is useful for cloud as by data locality lots ofoptimization is possible and also this feature is helpful for taking back up in dierent locations. This feature also enables the provider to shut down some of the data centerphysical machines to reduce power consumption

.Fig. 1.9: Virtualization Basic[9]

Fig. 1.10 Layers of Cloud Computing[10]

1.12 RELATION BETWEEN CLOUD COMPUTING AND UTILITY COMPUTING

The cloud users enjoy utility computing model for interacting with cloud serviceproviders. This Utility computing is essentially not same as cloud computing. Utility computing is the aggregation of computing resources, such as computation and storage, as a metered service similar to a traditional public utility like electricity, water or telephone network. This service might be provided by a dedicated computer cluster specically built for the purpose of being rented out, or even an under-utilized supercomputer. And cloud is one of such option of providing utility computing to the users

1.13 SECURITY OF CLOUD COMPUTING:

As cloud computing is achieving increased popularity, concerns are being voiced about the security issues introduced through adoption of this new model. The effectiveness and efficiency of traditional protection mechanisms are being reconsidered as the characteristics of this innovative deployment model differ widely from those of traditional architectures. The relative security of cloud computing services is a contentious issue that may be delaying its adoption.Issues barring the adoption of cloud computing are due in large part to the private and public sectors' unease surrounding the external management of security-based services. It is the very nature of cloud computing-based services, private or public, that promote external management of provided services. This delivers great incentive to cloud computing service providers to prioritize building and maintaining strong management of secure servicesSecurity issues have been categorised into sensitive data access, data segregation, privacy, bug exploitation, recovery, accountability, malicious insiders, management console security, account control, and multi-tenancy issues. Solutions to various cloud security issues vary, from cryptography, particularly public key infrastructure (PKI), to use of multiple cloud providers, standardisation of APIs, and improving virtual machine support and legal support. 1.14 Summary:In this chapter we have talked about the cloud computing . The architecture of the cloud computing i.e. Iaas, Paas and SaaS. The various types of cloud computing and the characteristics of cloud computing.

CHAPTER-2SERVICE DELIVERY MODELS OF CLOUD

2.1 INTRODUCTION:

The three cloud service delivery models are Infrastructure as a Service,Platform as a Service and Software as a Service, and the purpose of each model is as follows: The Infrastructure as a Service layer offers storage and compute Resources that developers and IT organizations use to deliver custom Business solutions.

The Platform as a Service layer offers development environments that IT organizations can use to create cloud-ready business applications. The Software as a Service layer offers purpose-built business applications.

Fig.2.1 Working Of Cloud[11]2.2 Understanding Infrastructure as a Service

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)is the delivery of computer hardware (servers, networking technology, storage, and data center space) as a service. It may also include the delivery of operating systems and virtualization technology to manage the resources.

The IaaS customer rents computing resources instead of buying and installing them in their own data center. The service is typically paid for on a usage basis. The service may include dynamic scalingso that if the customer winds up needing more resources than expected, he can get them immediately (probably up to a given limit).

Currently, the most high-profile IaaS operation is Amazons Elastic ComputeCloud (Amazon EC2). It provides a Web interface that allows customers to access virtual machines. EC2 offers scalability under the users control with the user paying for resources by the hour. The use of the term elasticin the naming of Amazons EC2 is significant. The elasticity refers to the ability that EC2 users have to easily increase or decrease the infrastructure resources assigned tomeet their needs. The user needs to initiate a request, so this service provided isnt dynamically scalable. Users of EC2 can request the use of any operating system as long as the developer does all the work. Amazon itself supports a more limited number of operating systems (Linux, Solaris, and Windows).

Benefits

Systems managed by SLA should equate to fewer breaches Higher return on assets through higher utilization Reduced cost driven by Less hardware Less floor space from smaller hardware footprint Higher level of automation from fewer administrators Lower power consumption Able to match consumption to demand

Challenges

Portability of applications Maturity of systems management tools Integration across the Cloud boundary Extension of internal security models

2.3 Exploring Platform as a Service

With Platform as a Service (PaaS), the provider delivers more than infrastructure.It delivers what you might call a solution stack an integrated set of software that provides everything a developer needs to build an application for both software development and runtime.PaaS can be viewed as an evolution of Web hosting. In recent years, Webhosting companies have provided fairly complete software stacks for developing Web sites. PaaS takes this idea a step farther by providing lifecyclemanagement capabilities to manage all software development stages from planning and design, to building and deployment, to testing and maintenance.

The primary benefit of PaaS is having software development and deployment capability based entirely in the cloud hence, no management or maintenance efforts are required for the infrastructure. Every aspect of software development, from the design stage onward (including source-code management, testing, and deployment) lives in the cloud. PaaS is inherently multi-tenant and naturally supports the whole set of Web services standards and is usually delivered with dynamic scaling. In reference to Platform as a Service, dynamic scalingmeans that the software can be automatically scaled up or down. Platform as a Service typically addresses the need to scale as well as the need to separate concerns of access and data.

Benefits

Pay-as-you-go for development, test, and production environments Enables developers to focus on application code Instant global platform Elimination of H/W dependencies and capacity concerns Inherent scalability Simplified deployment model

Challenges

Governance Tie-in to the vendor Extension of the security model to the provider Connectivity Reliance on 3rd party SLAs

2.4 Seeing Software as a Service:

One of the first implementations of cloud services was Software as a Service(SaaS) business applications that are hosted by the provider and deliveredas a service.SaaS has its roots in an early kind of hosting operation carried out by Application Service Providers (ASPs).The ASP business grew up soon afterthe Internet began to mushroom, with some companies offering to securely,privately host applications. Hosting of supply chain applications and customer relationship management (CRM)applications was particularly prominent,although some ASPs simply specialized in running email. Prior to theadvent of this type of service, companies often spent huge amounts of moneyimplementing and customizing these applications to satisfy internal businessrequirements. Many of these products werent only difficult to implement buthard to learn and use. However, the most successful vendors were those whorecognized that an application delivered as a service with a monthly fee basedon the number of users had to be easy to use and easy to stay with.CRM is one of the most common categories of Software as a Service; the most prominent vendor in this category is Salesforce.com,

Benefits

Speed Reduced up-front cost, potential for reduced lifetime cost Transfer of some/all support obligations Elimination of licensing risk Elimination of version compatibility Reduced hardware footprint

Challenges

Extension of the security model to the provider (data privacy and ownership) Governance and billing management Synchronization of client and vendor migrations Integrated end-user support Scalability

2.5 Summary:In this section we have describe the various service model of the cloud computing. The benefits and challenges of service model of the cloud computing has been explain in this chapter.

CHAPTER-3 FUTURE SCOPE OF CLOUDCOMPUTING3.1 INTRODUCTION:

As new offerings like Amazon's CloudFront, Microsoft's Azure, Hosting.com's CloudNine and VMware's vCloud are rolled out week in, week out, the worldwide cloud computing momentum continues to grow.

Here, SYS-CON'sCloud Computing Journalsurveys a globe-girdling network of leading infrastructure experts, IT industry executives and technology commentators for their views on The Shape of Cloud Computing To Come.

Contributors include Salesforce.com's Peter Coffee, Geve Perry of GigaSpaces, Ben Rushlo from Keynote Systems,Cloud Computing Journaleditor-in-chief Alan Williamson, Enomaly founder Reuven Cohen, open source entrepreneur Krishnan Subramanian and Markus Klems of the FZI Research Center for Information Technology in Germany.

Fig.3.1. Future Scope[12]

PETER COFFEEDirector, Platform Research - Salesforce.comPeter Coffee was Technology Editor for industry journals PC Week and eWEEK from 1989 through 2007, after spending the prior decade in project management at Exxon and in PC planning and AI applications research at The Aerospace Corporation. He is the author of "How to Program Java" and "Peter Coffee Teaches PCs"; he served as a member of the X3J13 standards committee for ANSI Common Lisp.

EXPANSION OF CLOUD TECHNOLOGY WILL BRING A MAJOR CHANGE IN THE GLOBAL ORGANIZATIONAL PATTERN, MAJOR CHANGES LIKE-

1.. Trend of Large Vendors Entering Cloud Computing Will Accelerate:

Amazon, Google, CA, Microsoft and IBM have all announced various initiatives in cloud computing. In 2009 this trend will accelerate with more coming from these vendors as well as VMWare, Citrix, Sun, HP, Cisco, Intuit, Symantec, Yahoo (if they remain independent) and others.

2. All Major IDEs Will Offer Cloud Deployment Options:

Similar offerings to that of pioneering Aptana Cloud, as well as the announced but not yet available Visual Studio cloud offering, will be made by all major IDEs, with plug-ins for multiple cloud providers, including Amazon Web Services, GoGrid, Joyent, AppNexus, Flexiscale, Google App Engine and others.3. Platform-as-a-Service Will Take Its First Steps into the Mainstream:

In 2009, developers will start seeing web-based development and deployment platforms as a viable option for application development. Platforms such as Heroku, aimed at Ruby-on-Rails, will be in a particularly strong position to take advantage of this trend, but others as well. PaaS offering such as Force.com, Morph Labs, Bungee Connect the GigaSpaces Cloud Framework and others will mature and see initial adoption in the enterprise. Read more in the Thoughts on PaaS post.

4. A Next-Generation of Middleware for the Cloud Will Rise in Dominance Over Traditional J2EE Application Servers:

Both start-ups and enterprises will come to realize in 2009 that the middleware products they have been using in dedicated physical server environments just dont cut in the clouds. The promise of the clouds utility model (pay-per-use) cannot be taken advantage of without application platform that enable the application to both grow and shrink based on Service-Level Agreements (SLAs). Therefore, a new generation of application servers, such as GigaSpaces XAP and Appistry, will grow in popularity among the mainstream of cloud users.

5. System Administration & Configuration and Network Management Will Become a Field Bursting with Innovation:

After years of stagnation, system administration, configuration and network management will thrive with innovation. New standards will emerge and people will come up with new forms of innovation in the field. Open source projects such as Puppet will experience incredible momentum. In a sense, for cloud computing to succeed, system administration needs to be eliminated. Or more accurately, automated and simplified, which creates tremendous potential.

Two technology giants -- IBM and Google -- have partnered in a program designed to promote research in the field of parallel computing, otherwise known as "cloud computing." Parallel computing is a method for completing large computing tasks faster by spreading the work over many interconnected machines. Programming such tasks, however, is a very complicated process.Cloud computing refers a paradigm shift to overall IT solutions while raising the accessibility, scalability and effectiveness through its enabling technologies. However, migrated cloud platforms and services cost benefits as well as performances are neither clear nor summarized.Globalization and the recessionary economic times have not only raised the bar of a better IT delivery models but also have given access to technology enabled services via internet. Cloud computing has vast potential in terms of lean Retail methodologies that can minimize the operational cost by using the third party based IT capabilities, as a service. It will not only increase the ROI but will also help in lowering the total cost of ownership.

CHAPTER-4CONCLUSION

Cloud computing is still a very young and dynamic field characterized by a buzzingindustry. Virtually every organization in the industry and even parts of the publicsector are taking on cloud computing today, either as a provider or as a consumer.Primarily US-based companies, such as Amazon, Google, or Microsoft are currentlyshaping the cloud services market. But many smaller companies also showa lot of commitment in this field. There is no doubt that cloud computing isa disruptive technology which has the potential to change our understanding ofhow to provision and leverage IT services in a fundamental and sustainable way.

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