Cloud computingABHIJEET KUMAR SHAH

Cloud Computing is a technology that uses the internet and central remote servers to

maintain data and applications. Cloud computing allows consumers and

businesses to use applications without installation and access their personal files at any computer with internet access. This technology allows for much more efficient

computing by centralizing storage, memory, processing and bandwidth.

• In addition, the platform provides on demand services, that are always on, anywhere, anytime and any place.

• Pay for use and as needed, elastic (scale up and down in capacity and functionalities).

• The hardware and software services are available to the general public, enterprises, corporations and businesses markets.

What is Driving Cloud Computing

•In one word-economics

•Faster,simpler,cheaper to use clouds apps

•No upfront capital required for servers and storage

•No ongoing operational expenses for running datacenter

•Applications can be accessed from anywhere, anytime

Cloud

Service Model

Services

Application

Development

Platform

Storage

Hosting

Cloud Computing Service LayersDescription

Services – Complete business services such as PayPal, OpenID, OAuth, Google Maps, Alexa

Services

Application

Focused

Infrastructure

Focused

Application – Cloud based software that eliminates the need for local installation such as Google Apps, Microsoft Online

Storage – Data storage or cloud based NAS such as CTERA, iDisk, CloudNAS

Development – Software development platforms used to build custom cloud based applications (PAAS & SAAS) such as SalesForcePlatform – Cloud based platforms, typically provided using virtualization, such as Amazon ECC, Sun Grid

Hosting – Physical data centers such as those run by IBM, HP, NaviSite, etc.

CLOUD LAYERS

Software as a Service (SaaS)• SaaS is a model of software deployment where an

application is hosted as a service provided to customers across the Internet.

• SaaS is generally used to refer to business software rather than consumer software, falls under Web 2.0!

• By removing the need to install and run an application on a user’s own computer it is seen as a way for businesses to get the same benefits as commercial software with smaller cost outlay.

• Saas alleviates the burden of software maintenance/support, but users relinquish control over software versions and requirements.

• Terms that are used in this sphere include Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS).

Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)•IaaS is service model which consists of virtual machines or

physical machines, storage, and clusters.

• Cloud infrastructures can also be heterogeneous, integrating clusters, PCs and workstations.

• The system infrastructure can also include database management systems and other storage services.

• The infrastructure in general is managed by an upper management layer that guarantees runtime environment customization, application isolation, accounting and quality of service.

•The virtualization tools, such as hypervisors, also sit in this layer to manage the resource pool and to partition physical infrastructure in the form of customized virtual machines

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

•IaaS gives access to physical resources with some software configuration, for designing new applications user requires advanced tools such as Map Reduce etc. These services constitute another layer called Platform as a Service (PaaS), offering Cloud users a development platform to build their applications.

•PaaS offers only the user level middleware, which allows development and deployment of applications on any Cloud

infrastructure. •PaaS includes the lower layer (IaaS) as well that is bundled

with the offered service.

Different Cloud Computing Layers Examples

Application Service

(SaaS)

Application Platform

Server Platform

Storage Platform

Amazon S3, Dell, Apple, ...

3Tera, EC2, SliceHost, GoGrid, RightScale, Linode

Google App Engine, Mosso,Force.com, Engine Yard,Facebook, Heroku, AWS

MS Live/Exchange Labs, IBM, Google Apps; Salesforce.comQuicken Online, Zoho, Cisco

Deployment Model of Cloud Computing

Model are three types

• Public cloud

•Private cloud

•Hybrid cloud

Public Model•Public Cloud is the most common deployment model where

services are available to anyone on Internet.

• To support thousand of public domain users, datacenters built by public Cloud providers are quite large comprising of thousands of servers with high speed network.

• A public Cloud can offer any of the three kinds of services: IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS.

• Amazon EC2 is a public Cloud providing infrastructure as a service.

•Google AppEngine is a public Cloud providing an application development platform as a service.

Salesforce.com is public Cloud providing software as a service.

Private Cloud

•private Clouds are deployed within the premise of an organization to provide IT services to its internal users.

•The private Cloud services offer greater control over the infrastructure, improving security and service resilience because its access is restricted to one or few organizations.

•Private deployment poses an inherent limitation to end user applications.

•An organization can buy more machines according to expanding needs of its users, but this cannot be done as fast and seamlessly as with public Clouds.

Hybrid Cloud

•Hybrid Clouds is the deployment which emerged due to diffusion of both public and private Clouds’s advantages.

•Organizations outsource non-critical information and processing to the public Cloud, keepscritical services and data in their control.

• Organizations utilize their existing IT infrastructure for maintaining sensitive information within the premises, and whenever require auto-scaling their resources using public Clouds.

•The hybrid Cloud, in general, applies to services related to IT infrastructure rather than software services.

Deployment model of clouds

Virtualization• Virtual workspaces:

• An abstraction of an execution environment that can be made dynamically available to authorised clients by using well-defined protocols,

• Resource quota (e.g. CPU, memory share),• Software configuration (e.g. O/S, provided services).

• Implement on Virtual Machines (VMs): • Abstraction of a physical host machine,• Hypervisor intercepts and emulates instructions from

VMs, and allows management of VMs,• VMWare, Xen, etc.

• Provide infrastructure API:• Plug-ins to hardware/support structures

Hardware

OS

App App App

Hypervisor

OS OS

Virtualized Stack

Key Technology: Virtualization

Hardware

Operating System

App App App

Traditional Stack

Hardware

OS

App App App

Hypervisor

OS OS

Virtualized Stack

Cloud Storage

• Several large Web companies (such as Amazon and Google) are now exploiting the fact that they have data storage capacity that can be hired out to others.

• This approach, known as cloud storage allows data stored remotely to be temporarily cached on desktop computers, mobile phones or other Internet-linked devices.

• Amazon’s Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) and Simple Storage Solution (S3) are well known examples.

19th May, 09 mark.baker@computer.org

Enabling Technologies

64-bit processor

Multi-core architectures

Virtualization: bare metal, hypervisor. …

VM0 VM1 VMn

Web-services, SOA, WS standards

Services interface

Cloud applications: data-intensive, compute-intensive, storage-intensive

Storage Models: S3, BigTable,

BlobStore, ...

Bandwidth

WS

Common Features of Cloud Providers

Development Environment: IDE, SDK, Plugins

Production Environment

Simplestorage

Table Store <key, value>

Drives Accessible through Web services

Management Console and Monitoring tools& multi-level security

6/23/2010 Wipro Chennai 2011

Windows Azure

• Enterprise-level on-demand capacity builder

• Fabric of cycles and storage available on-request for a cost

• You have to use Azure API to work with the infrastructure offered by Microsoft

• Significant features: web role, worker role , blob storage, table and drive-storage

6/23/2010 Wipro Chennai 2011

Amazon EC2

• Amazon EC2 is one large complex web service.

• EC2 provided an API for instantiating computing instances with any of the operating systems supported.

• It can facilitate computations through Amazon Machine Images (AMIs) for various other models.

• Signature features: S3, Cloud Management Console, MapReduce Cloud, Amazon Machine Image (AMI)

• Excellent distribution, load balancing, cloud monitoring tools

6/23/2010 Wipro Chennai 2011

Google App Engine

• This is more a web interface for a development environment that offers a one stop facility for design, development and deployment Java and Python-based applications in Java, Go and Python.

• Google offers the same reliability, availability and scalability at par with Google’s own applications

• Interface is software programming based

• Comprehensive programming platform irrespective of the size (small or large)

• Signature features: templates and appspot, excellent monitoring and management console

6/23/2010 Wipro Chennai 2011

Cloud computing takes virtualization to the next step

• You don’t have to own the hardware• You “rent” it as needed from a cloud• There are public clouds

• e.g. Amazon EC2, and now many others (Microsoft, IBM, Sun, and others ...)

• A company can create a private one• With more control over security, etc.

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Traditional Datacenter Utilization

Virtualized Datacenter Utilization

Cloud Datacenter Utilization

•Cloud Sevice Providers

Company Services

Amazon Web Services

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) Amazon SimpleDB Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) Amazon CloudFront Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) Amazon Elastic MapReduce Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) AWS Premium Support

Citrix Systems Citrix Cloud Center (C3) virtualization and networking products

IBM

Dynamic infrastructure. Service management for cloud computing. IBM software in a cloud environment using Amazon Machine Images

Microsoft Windows Azure

Windows Azure: operating system as a service. Microsoft SQL Azure: relational database in the cloud

Sun Cloud Computing

Developer tools. Sun Cloud Partner Initiative Scalable infrastructure

Conclusion

•Cloud computing is the fastest growing part of IT

•Tremendous benefits to customers of customers of all sizes

•Clouds services are simpler to acquire

•Private clouds offer many benefits for internal applications

•Cloud computing infrastructures are next generation platforms

•Cloud computing has improved resource utilization

•Cloud computing, being an emerging technology also raises significant questions about its environmental sustainability

Comparison of Significant Cloud Datacenters

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Where do we go from here?

• Any ideas to keep us out of the rain?