Cloud computing

Agenda Cloud

-Definitions

Cloud types

An overview

Characteristics of Cloud computing

-Benefits

Analysis

- Cloud @ Libraries

Analysis

-Cloud @ Information Organization

Reference

What is cloud computing?

A style of computing in which scalable and elastic IT-enabled capabilities are delivered as a service to external customers using Internet technologies (Gartner Group, 2012).

Wikipedia defines cloud computing as an "Internet-based ('cloud') development and use of computer technology ('computing')."

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing

The National Institute of Standards and Technology defines cloud computing as “a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configuration computing resources that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.”

The Australian Government Cloud Computing Strategic Direction paper describes;

1.“Cloud computing is a new way of delivering computing resources, not a new technology”

2.“Agencies may choose cloud-based services where they demonstrate value for money and adequate security.”

http://contactdubai.com/webhosting/security-in-cloud-computing

Cloud types

Service models

Software as service (SaaS)

Platform as a service(PaaS)

Infrastructure as a service(IaaS)

Deployment models

community

Hybrid

Private and Public

Characteristics of Cloud computing

Benefits

Cost saving

Data storage

Scalability

Usability

Collaboration

LIBRARY CLOUD

SirsiDynix

OCLC

Ex Libris

LIBRARIES AUSTRALIA

WORLDCAT

SERIALS SOLUTION

TROVE

Summon

Hathi Trust

Cloud computing @ Libraries

Cloud computing has a significant place in libraries and information organisations as a computing tool and powerful platform that can enhance experience and engage library clients. It is beneficial for academic libraries as cloud models offer a cheaper way to acquire IT services. Economy of scale; paying for the platform only when it is used; and greater flexibility in adopting innovative technology ideas enable agility of solutions development and deployment (Waggener, 2010).Users can reach into the cloud for resources as they need from anywhere at anytime. For this reason, cloud computing has also been described as “on-demand computing”.

OCLC WorldShare platform

72,000 libraries worldwide

Over 470 languages

23,082 user-contributed reviews

77,959 tags contributed

464,531 user profiles created

260,496 lists created

658,659,871 Clickthroughs to WorldCat.org (2010)

36,168,684 Clickthroughs from WorldCat.org to Libraries(2010)

WorldCat Today

270,733,301Records

1,832,488,454

Holdings

Every 10 seconds a record is added

Every 4 seconds a request is filled through WorldCat Resource sharing

449.9 Million items Batch load

9.6 Million ILL

58 Million Reference search

170 Million Click-through

OCLC

12.4 Million records to WorldCat

Serials Solutions

Provides simple, easy, fast discovery and access to library resources, and most customizable and configurable for libraries

Libraries can easily brand these services to meet their needs and match their library look and feel. search boxes can be embedded in any library web page.

A user-friendly and intuitive experience for clientsFully hosted off-site and available 24x7, 365 days a year

Cost-efficient administration and maintenance of the Discovery Service Full integration with IT environments

more than 800 million records indexed so far to access

More than 400 libraries in 40 countries

size of the Summon index in perspective

Massive collections such as the Library of Congress catalogue or PubMed make up just a small sliver of the total items in the Summon index.

“Today’s tools have forced librarians to create too many redundant processes to manage the entirety of their collection. Serials Solutions’ approach to managing library resources provides needed relief by helping librarians to integrate these same processes, which will allow them to focus on fulfilling the library’s mission to its patrons.” ( Kline, 2007).

“Serials Solutions has demonstrated remarkable commitment to ongoing development and maintaining a reliable schedule of compelling enhancements. Through these releases, we’ve seen amazing and continuing growth of content, as well as responsiveness to customer requests for new functionality,”(Prestamo, Garrison & Rodriguez, 2012).

Data storageOCLC

268,512,063 bibliographic records

1.7 billion holdings

417 databases

531 million article records

35 million institutional repository records

15 million archival records

8 million records from Google, HathiTrust

1,830,720,827 Number of holdings

170 Countries and territories with library holdings

a record is added in every 10 seconds

a request is filled through in every 4 seconds

Libraries Australia

1200 Australian libraries

48 million holdings

Links to 1,433,733 online resources

14.97m Searches

12.3m Database searches(2010/11 )

Cataloguing

Document delivery- 296,000 requested

736 LADD customers in Australia(As at June 2011)

300 in New Zealand

ANBD

48 million holdings.

Picture Australia

1.8 million images to access

Music Australia

260,000

Australian Research Online

550,000

299,114,232 Australian and online items (17/05/2012)

The full text of 68522551 historic Australian newspaper articles

Tags from Wikipedia

Library of Congress

147,093,357 items in the collection includes;

22,194,656 cataloged books

3,116,691 audio materials

64,591,135 manuscripts

5,415,134 maps

16,502,298 microforms

6,112,543 pieces of printed sheet music

14,646,373 visual materials

1.7 million onsite visitors

527,466 reference services

77 million Website visits

581.1 million page views on the Library’s website.

The New York Public Library

90 locations include four research centers

50 million items

Collaboration through Social media

16 million patrons annually

28 million website visits annually

more than 200 countries visits the site.

Hathi Trust Digital

Library

Launched 2008

10,210,506 total volumes

5,422,375 book titles

269,179 serial titles

3,573,677,100 pages

2,902,669 volumes

(~28% of total) in the public domain

150,000 new titles each month

1.9 million titles in June 2009 and 3.64 million in June 2010.

Books Serials Other

The top 10 languages make up ~86% of all content.

English48%

German9%

French7%

Spanish5%

Chinese4%

Russian4%

Japanese3%

Italian2%

Arabic2%

Latin1%

Remaining Languages

14%

British Library and Microsoft partnership-

100,000 out of copyright books in the library collection can be accessed by people all over the world through the Cloud. (Drake, 2007)

In 2008, The Z. Smith Reynolds Library at the Wake Forest University, US migrated their resources through the cloud based environment. Initially they used 20GB of storage space server. Through this experience In 2009 they migrated to Amazon EC2 which facilitated a number of other options including:-

automatic load balancing,

connection with campus networks via virtual private cloud and auction-style access to server time

scalable server solutions

easy to use management controls

Library Thing provides a service, which allows people to contribute information and recommendations about books, and to connect with one another to share interests. The site also contributes web services that enables libraries to draw on the vast database of recommendations and other services available in Library Thing. It stores over 35 million books, with metadata entirely contributed by the user population

Information organisation@ cloud

According to Morgan Stanley Research (2011) in 2013, 7.0% of workloads will run in SaaS environments, as compared with 3.2% today, and we estimate that in 2013,

6.3 million workloads will run in a SaaS environment, as compared with 1.8 million today. This leads to an estimated 1.3- 1.7 million incremental workloads in SaaS environments for each of the next three years.

McKinsey & Company’s (2011) estimates of cloud computing’s size show the combined market for public and private cloud services growing from about $11 billion in 2010 to between $65 billion and $85 billion by 2015.

The latest study done by the International Data Corporation (IDC) predicts that by the year 2020, the world’s stored data will reach an astonishing 35 ZB. (Zettabite= 1 trillion gigabytes)

The Digital Universe holds 1.8 trillion gigabytes in 500 quadrillion files.

“In 2012, 80% of new commercial enterprise apps will be deployed on cloud platforms” (International Data Corporation)

“At year-end 2016, more than 50 percent of Global 1000 companies will have stored customer-sensitive data in the public cloud” (Gartner Research)

By 2020 the world will generate 50 times the amount of information and 75 times the number of “information containers” while IT staff to manage it will grow less than 1.5 times.

Currently 43% of Australian enterprises use cloud computing in some form.

Up to 80 per cent of Australian organisations believe functions such as email and collaboration tools will be operating within a public cloud environment by 2014.(DC: Australian Cloud Services 2011-2015 )

Australian government(ACT 1997)- $4.3 billion per annum on information and communication technology.costs of $1 billion could be avoided by developing a cloud data center strategy for the next 15 years.

The Australian Taxation Office: The successful eTax, Electronic Lodgment System (ELS) and Tax Agent Board administrative support systems are all supported by cloud-based services

The Australian Bureau of Statistics: Implementation of virtualization software as part of a transition to a private cloud infrastructure

Treasury: Standard Business Reporting (SBR) and Business Names projects have made use of private cloud capabilities

Dept. of Immigration and Citizenship: Adoption of a cloud computing proof-of-concept to investigate provision of an end-to-end online client lodgment process.

Cloud Landscapes

Telstra cloud services have helped Australian business and communities during times of natural disaster. In January 2011, Telstra together with Microsoft® and local partner Productive, provided free and instant communications to businesses that had their email server damaged or destroyed by the Queensland floods.

2009 bushfires, Telstra worked with the Victorian Government to create a cloud-based emergency warning system that activates mass outbound calling to direct citizens in imminent danger to safer ground. Telstra’s Emergency Warning System (EWS)is a government private cloud providing citizen centric services. The EWS enables emergency services organisations to send targeted communications to individuals in danger zones.

Encoding.com is the world’s largest encoding/transcoding service and uses cloud infrastructure to convert audio and video files in multiple file formats. The conversions are done in the cloud when users upload file and then can be downloaded to the users desktop.

Internet Radio - more than 60 million people listen every week through the cloud.

In moving to the Cloud, the travel website Priceline.com invested in an application performance management platform (CloudTweaks, 2012). The owner of the company said that “entrepreneurs can now harness the same level of processing power and technology platforms for approximately $1,000, courtesy of low-cost cloud computing providers such as Dell, Intuit and Amazon. The game has absolutely changed in our ability to leverage technology and the ability to access terabytes at almost zero cost by lowering the cost of entry”.

Traditionally, the risk to businesses has been either allocating too few hardward resources for a cost-saving initiative, then encountering a customer satisfaction problem, or wasting money by over-provisioning.

Recent survey by IDC (2012), IT managers listed their top application infrastructure objectives:-

1. Reliability

2. Performance;

3. Ability to meet service level agreements;

4. Need to reduce cost & complexity.

Virtualization creates software layers that allocate and manage pooled resources like memory and storage in a way that the application never sees. Cloud computing provides virtualization principles on a large scale.

In a Cloud scenario, computing resources are centralized in an on-site or remote facility and administered as a unit, usually with a virtualized foundation.

Because Cloud services are built to support many customers and applications, they provide superior economies of scale, often at a low unit cost.

With appropriate background support, Cloud services maintain reliability and performance within a climate of increased business uncertainty (CloudTweaks, 2012).

Telecommunication CLOUD

Has capability to run cell phone applications and web services and to store data remotely.

ITC world telecommunication estimated 640 million mobile and 490 million fixed broadband connections.

In June 2011, Telstra announced it would invest more than $800 million during the next five years in response to increasing customer demand for domestically based cloud services.

TELSTRA and OPTUS provide the access to appropriate infrastructure, Software, Applications and Services across Australia and have the largest communications network.

Coverage to 99% of Australians and connections to the world through the Telstra Next G® network, which is fully integrated with the Telstra Next IP® network. This extends cloud services to mobile staff, customers and suppliers across Australia and the world.

Customers can order virtual servers at pay-as-you-go (on demand) pricing, or via a range of subscription plans, and combine them with a broad range of additional features.

Service desk support on 24/7

Scalable service- self-service portal allows administrators to create, manage and use Virtual machines, catalogues, users and groups.

Designed to give customers the flexibility, agility- control to scale their IT services up and down in real time to support business requirements and fluctuations, without having to maintain their own infrastructure.

Flexibility to manage their IT requirements based on a switch on, switch off basis.

Healthcare CLOUD The cloud infrastructure helps some of the most serious issues facing the health care

industry today such as dismal quality of health care provided, shortage of drugs, equipment, trained personnel and specialist medical care in remote areas.

An increase in the number of hospitals adapting e-health records and exchanging medical images and health information data between hospitals, due to Cloud services.

For example:

In India the cloud enabled infrastructure of the "Micro Health Centre" solution by Hewlett Packard provides access to specialist medical consultation at affordable cost and provides support for disease surveillance by tracking disease patterns and risk factors,such as:-

Data storage and transfer to an expert centre;

Video conferencing with medical experts;

Medical Equipment Connectivity: Equipment with sensors;

Automated reminder of vaccination and TB drug administration;

Monitoring of the patient visit, doctor and medical staff attendance;

Centralised health record management .

Cloud computing has benefits in many contexts, and it is with an alteration in business methodology that full advantage can be realised on many levels over the long term.

ReferencesAustralian Government. (2011). Raft cloud computing strategy. Retrieved from http://www.finance.gov.au/e-government/strategy-and-governance/docs/draft_cloud_computing_strategy.pdf

Cearley, D.W. & Smith, D.M.(2012). Five cloud computing trends that will affect your cloud strategy through 2015. Gartner Research. Retrieved 1st May, 2012 from http://my.gartner.com/portal/server.pt?open=512&objID=270&mode=2&PageID=3862698&ref=PCPki_8777&resId=1920517

Cloud computing. (2012). What cloud computing means to you. Retrieved from http://www.vmware.com/appliances/directory/uploaded_files/WhatCloudComputingMeanstoYou.pdf

CloudProviderUSA.(2012). Retrieved from http://www.cloudproviderusa.com/cloud-computing-statistics-and-predictions-for-2012/

CloudTweaks. (2012, February 8). Cloud computing start-ups raise big money: Update 8 [Web log post.] Retrieved 1st May, 2012 from http://www.cloudtweaks.com/2012/02/cloud-computing-startups-raise-big-money-update-8/

Delimiter.(2010).Optus puts price on VCE cloud. Retrieved from http://delimiter.com.au/2010/09/14/optus-puts-price-on-vce-cloud/

Drake, M. A.(2007).Defining the library of the 21st century: the British Library, Searcher,15(2),p30. Retrieved 1st May, 2012 from http://bit.ly/LBGumy

Encoding.com (2012). Encoding.com collaborates with the AOL on Network for scalable, Cloud-based encoding. Retrieved 1st June, 2012 from http://www.encoding.com/company/press

Hathi Trust. (2012). Hath trust digital library home. Retrieved 1st May, 2012 from http://www.hathitrust.org/home

International Data Corporation.(2011).The 2011 digital universe study: extracting value from chaos. Retrieved 1st May, 2012 from http://australia.emc.com/collateral/demos/microsites/emc-digital-universe-2011/index.htm

International Data Corporation. (2012). IT Cloud decision economics. Retrieved 1st May, 2012 from http://www.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId=IDC_P21560

Kline, V. (2007). A tale of three (federated) searches. Paper presented at the Mid-Atlantic Regional Conferences 18th January, 2007 Retrieved from http://bit.ly/KZ48Ix

Libraries Australia. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.nla.gov.au/librariesaustralia/files/2012/05/07-Trove-Status-Report-April-20121.pdf

Libraries Australia. (2011).Recent statistics. Retrieved from http://www.nla.gov.au/librariesaustralia/about/statistics/

Libraries Australia. (2011). Annual report2010/2011. Retrieved from http://www.nla.gov.au/librariesaustralia/files/2011/11/Annual-Report-2010-2011.pdf

Library of Congress (2010). Annual report. Retrieved from http://www.loc.gov/about/reports/annualreports/fy2010.pdf

Morgan Stanley Research. (2011). Measuring Cloud Impacts: The Coming Server Squeeze .Retrieved 1st May, 2012 from http://www.morganstanley.com/views/perspectives/cloud_computing.pdf

Nichols, K. & Sprague, K. (2011). Getting ahead in the cloud. McKinsey & Company Retrieved 1st May, 2012 from http://www.mckinsey.com/Search.aspx?q=Cloud%20Computing NYL.(2012). History of the New York Public Library. Retrieved 1st May, 2012 from http://www.nypl.org/help/about-nypl/history

OCLC.(2012). Retrieved 1st May, 2012 from http://www.oclc.org/worldcat/default.htm

Prestamo, A., Garrison, S. & Rodriguez, C. (2012). Planning and implementing resource discovery tools in academic libraries. IGI Global. Retrieved 1st May from http://bit.ly/L7CjvW

Serials Solution.(2012). Serials Solutions® Summon® Service Continues Its Mission of Returning Researchers to the Library. Retrieved 1st May, 2012 from http://www.serialssolutions.com/assets/attach_news/012012_-_Summon_Service_Momentum_Press_Release.pdf

Slideshare. (2010). Cloud computing use cases white paper. Retrieved 1st May, 2012 from http://www.slideshare.net/govloop/cloud-computing-use-cases-whitepaper-3309664

Sosinsky,B.(2011). Cloud computing bible. Indianapolis.Ind:Wiley Publishing.

Telstra. (2012). Moving to cloud. Retrieved 1st May from http://www2.telstraenterprise.com/SiteCollectionDocuments/Whitepapers/Govt_Moving_to_Cloud.pdf

Telstra. (2012). Retrieved 1st May from http://www.telstra.com.au/business-enterprise/download/document/business-telstra-connected-clouds-brochure.pdf

Telstra. (2012). Retrieved 1st May from http://www.telstra.com.au/business-enterprise/enterprise-solutions/cloud-services/connected-cloud

The Gartner Group (2009). Gartner highlights five attributes of cloud computing. Retrieved 3rd April, 2012 from http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=1035013

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (2011). The NIST definition of cloud computing. NIST Special Publication 800-145, U.S. Department of Commerce. Retrieved 3 rd April, 2012 from http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-145/SP800-145.pdf

 Ullman, D.F. & Haggerty, B. (2010). Embracing the cloud: six ways to look at the shift to cloud computing. Educause Quarterly Magazine, 33 (2). Retrieved 1st May, 2012 from http://bit.ly/nCyfh8

Waggener, S. (2010).  Cloud computing. Educause Quarterly Magazine, 33(2). Retrieved 1st May, 2012 from http://bit.ly/q2P2YR

Wikipedia (2012). Cloud computing. Retrieved 3rd April, 2012 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing

Z.Smith Reynolds Library (2012). Finding ways to combine cloud computing and open source software. Retrieved 1st May, 2012 from http://zsr.wfu.edu/