Clothing Management

Unit 2

TextilesTonja BoldingLakeside High School

Unit 2 terms1. blends -in clothing, a term to refer to combining different fibers

into one yarn

2. care label -a label inside a garment describing its fiber content and how to care for it

3. cellulose fibers -fibers made from plant (wood) sources

4. fabric finish -treatment given to clothing to improve appearance, texture, or performance

5. fiber -a basic unit from which fabric is made

6. grain line -a line on a pattern piece with arrows that show how to place the pattern on the straight grain of the fabric

7. gray (greige) goods -unfinished fabric that lacks color when it first comes from the loom

8. hang tag -a tag providing information about the garment to which it is attached, such as price and size

9. knitted fabric -fabric made by looping yarns together10. manufactured fiber -fibers not found in nature11. natural fiber -a fiber that comes from plants or hair of animals12. non-woven fabric -fabric made using heat, moisture, and/or

adhesive13. permanent finish -a fabric finish that lasts the entire life of the

garment14. pill -small balls of fiber that form on the surface of fabric15. ply yarn -yarn made by twisting two or more single yarns

together16. woven fabric -made by interlacing lengthwise and crosswise

yarns17. yarn -fibers twisted together or laid side by side

2.1 Name textile uses

Clothing is not the only use of textile products.

Textiles are used to make sheets, towels, upholstery, carpets, umbrellas, filters, space suits, etc..

Football turf is made from textiles. Artificial hearts use textiles as well. Textiles are used for everything from blouses

to buildings.

Natural Fibers

Natural fibers come from plants or the hair of animals.

Cotton, linen, wool,and silk are the most common natural fibers.

Quality varies on the type of plant or animal and the growing conditions.

They have unique characteristics that cannot be copied by science.

2.2 Differentiate between natural and manufactured fibers

Examples of Natural Fibers Cotton is a natural cellulosic fiber obtained

from the cotton plant. Advantages- strong, launders well, inexpensive,

comfortable, wide variety of uses Disadvantages- shrinks in hot water, mildews if

out in damp storage, wrinkles easily Uses- outer wear, underwear,

home furnishing

Flax is the fiber used to make linen. Advantages-strongest of natural fibers, durable,

lint free, stands high temperatures Disadvantages-expensive, wrinkles easy unless

treated, has color loss Uses- Clothing (suits, handkerchiefs) Home

furnishings (draperies, tablecloths)

Egyptian flaxlinen fabric

Ramie comes from a plant often grown in China and India. Often called “China Grass.” Advantages-strong, durable, dries quickly, absorbs

moisture Disadvantages-wrinkles easily, stiff and wire like, and

coarse Uses- cords, can be combined with other fabrics to

make home furnishings, and combined with other natural and manufactured fibers in wearing apparel

Ramie is often blended with cotton ramie plant

Jute is used to make rope and burlap. Hemp is used to make rope, cording for

jewelry making, clothing and accessories.

Other uses of Natural Fibers

Wool is made from the fleece of sheep or lambs. Advantages-warmest of all fibers, wrinkle

resistant, durable, combines with other fibers successfully

Disadvantages-expensive, shrink and mat

when moisture applied, absorbs odors Uses-clothing (outerwear, sweaters) home

furnishings(blankets, rugs, upholstery)

Silk is obtained by the unwinding of a silkworms cocoon. Advantages-strong but lightweight, soil

resistant Disadvantages-dry-cleaning, yellows with

age, expensive Uses-Clothing (wedding dresses, blouses)

home furnishings(lampshades, wall hangings)

Specialty Hair Fibers

alpacaangora goat

llamavicuna

guanacocashmere goat

camel’s hair

Manufactured Fibers Manufactured fibers are not found in

nature. They surround you. They are in your

clothes, on your furniture, at your school, and in your car.

Rayon was the first commercially produced fiber.

Rayon Rayon is very much like cotton.

Advantages-drapes well, comfortable, soft, inexpensive

Disadvantages-weak when wet, stretches, will mildew

Uses-Blouses, dresses, curtains, bedding

Acetate It looks and feels luxurious. It takes dye

well. Advantages- drapes well, inexpensive, easy to dye Disadvantages- weak, special care for cleaning,

heat sensitive Uses-dresses, scarves, shirts

Triacetate Triacetate is similar to acetate in

appearance. Advantages-easy to care for, does not

shrink, resists wrinkles and fading Disadvantages-weak, nonabsorbent Use-blouses, dresses, lightweight knits

Nylon Nylon is very strong and durable.

Advantages-lightweight,dries quickly, retains shape, easy care

Disadvantages-damaged by sun, surface pills, heat sensitive

Uses-casual tops, camisoles, slips, windbreakers

Polyester Very versatile. Almost any appearance and

texture can be achieved.Advantages-easy care, resistant to

wrinkles, strong/durable, easy to dyeDisadvantages-takes oily stains, low

absorbency, static buildupUses-underwear, carpets, children’s wear

Olefin Lightest fiber made. Floats on water

and has very low absorption Advantages-Strong/durable, inexpensive,

very lightweight Disadvantages-heat sensitive, poor dye

ability, non absorbent Uses- upholster, outdoor furniture

Acrylic Often used as a replacement for wool. It is

soft, warm and lightweight Advantages-keeps it shape well, resists

sunlight, chemicals and wrinkles Disadvantages-pills, static electricity Uses-sportswear, sweaters, blankets

Modacrylic Flame resistant, soft and warm

Advantages-resists shrinkage and chemicals, retains shape, easy to dye

Disadvantages-weak, static buildupUses-fake fur, wigs, carpets, blankets

Spandex Elastic like rubber

Advantages-very elastic, smooth, lightweight, easy care, resists sunlight, oil and perspiration

Disadvantages-yellows with age, heat sensitive, harmed by bleach

Uses-swimwear, skiwear, exercise and dance wear

Staple Fibers Staple fibers are short strands of fibers. Most natural fibers are staple. Manufactured fibers can be made into staple

fibers.

Filament Fibers A filament is a long continuous strand of fiber. Any manufactured fiber can be made in filament

form. Silk is the only natural fiber that is a filament.

2.3 Distinguish between staple and filament fibers

2.4 Identify generic and tradename fibers

acetate acrylic aramid azlon cotton flax glass metallic modacrylic novoloid nylon

olefin polyester ramie rayon rubber saran silk spandex triacetate vinyon wool

Generic fiber is the name of the fiber. They can be natural or manufactured.

Tradename is the identifying name, symbol, or design, that sets a manufacturer’s product apart from similar products or competitors.

May feature the trademark symbol ® and will be capitalized. Acrilan Canrrece Celeanese Cepeset Chromspu Coolmax Cleerspun Creslan Dacron Duarspun Estron Fibro Fortrel

Galaxy Herculon Lurex Lycra Microloft MicroSafe Orlan SEF Plus Spectra Trevira Viscose Zantrel Zeftron

2.5 State procedures for making fibers into yarn.

Cotton: Fiber to Yarn (Natural Fiber)1. Cotton is picked and taken to a gin that separates the fibers from the seed.

2. Cotton is compressed into bales.

3. It is formed into a lap which is a continuous layer of fibers that is wrapped around a cylinder.

4. Carding pulls the fibers from the lap, cleans and straightens them into a much thinner web of fibers. This is done by a carding machine.

5. These fibers go through a funnel-shaped devise that molds then into a soft ropelike strand slightly thicker than your finger called a carded sliver.

6. Many carded slivers are combined and stretched into a single drawn sliver about the diameter of a single carded sliver in a process called drawing.

7. Combing is done to make fibers even more parallel and to remove any short fibers which makes long, smoother, stronger yarns.

8. Fibers are fed into a roving frame where it is twisted slightly and pulled to become a smaller stand called roving about the size of a pencil.

9. Spinning machines pull the roving finer, add more twist and winds the yarn (fibers twisted together or laid side by side) on bobbins.

Manufactured Fibers into Yarn1. Solid raw material is changed into a liquid.

2. The liquid is extruded through a spinneret which is like a shower head.

3. It hardens in the form of a fiber.

4. To make a filament yarn, a few filaments are twisted together into yarns.

5. To make staple yarns, filaments are cut into short lengths and later spun into yarns

2.6 Discuss basic methods of fabric construction

Woven fabric is made by interlacing lengthwise and crosswise yarns created on a machine called a loom.

Knitted fabric is made by looping yarns together

Weaves plain weave is made by passing a filling

yarn over one warp yarn and then under one warp yarn. Over one under one pattern. muslin

twill weave is made when a yarn in one direction floats(passes) over two or more yarns in the other direction. denim

satin weave is made by floating a yarn from one direction over four or more yarns from the other direction then under one yarn. satin fabric

2.7 Identify types of weaves and knits

Knits weft knitting is the process of knitting in

which loops are made as yarn is added in the crosswise direction of the fabric. T-shirts hosiery

warp knitting is the process of knitting in which loops are made by one or more sets of warps yarns. Tricot jersey lace

2.8 Discuss processes for dyeing and printing fabrics

Dyeing Solution dyeing is the process of dyeing manufactured

fibers by adding dye to the liquid before the fiber is forced through the spinneret.

Fiber dyeing is the process of dyeing fibers before they are spun into yarns.

Stock dyeing is the process of adding dye to loose fibers. Yarn dyeing is a dyeing process in which yarns are first

wound onto spools and than placed in a dye bath. Piece dyeing is the process of adding dye after the fabric

has been made.

Printing In roller printing the design is etched on copper

rollers. A separate cylinder is used for each color.

In rotary screen printing, the design is transferred onto a cylinder-shaped screen. There is a cylinder for each screen. Dye is forced through a pattern of holes in each screen.

This is one of the newest and fasting printing methods.

2.9 Identify fabric finishes Performance Finishes Antistatic prevent garments from cling to the wearer. Crease/wrinkle Resistant is treated with resins to help

the fabric resists wrinkles. Durable/permanent Press “heat sets” fabrics or

garments without using resins. Flame-Resistant cuts off the oxygen supply or changes

the chemical make up fibers as a fabric burns. This causes the flame to extinguish itself.

Mildew Resistant has a metallic chemical applied to the fabric to prevent mildew from forming.

Mercerization is chemically treating fabric to improve luster, strength, and absorbency

Moth Repellant has chemicals added to dye baths to slightly change wool fibers so moths and carpet beetles will be repelled.

Preshrunk fabrics are shrunk by moisture and heat and will not shrink more than 3% unless otherwise stated.

Sanforized® is a trademark that means that fabrics have been processed so they will not shrink more than 1% in either direction.

Soil Release allows fabrics to be more easily “wetted”, allowing detergents to better job.

Stain-Resistant finish cause fabrics to repel food, water, and other substances by reducing absorbency.

Water-Repellant and Water-proof is applied to tightly woven fabrics to help them resist water.

Texture Finishes Calendaring finish has heat and pressure applied to the

fabric to produce a smooth polished surface. Napping raises the short, loose fibers on the fabric

surface to make it soft and fuzzy.  Sizing has a starch or resin applied to fabrics to increase

weight, body, and luster. Weighting is the addition of metallic salts to silk.

2.10 Describe laws and regulations related to clothing and textile industries

The Textile Fiber Products Identification Act (TFPIA) requires labels to tell what fibers are in the textile.

The Care Labeling Rule states that all clothing (except hosiery) give clear, uniform, and detailed instructions for care and maintenance.

The Flammable Fabrics Act specifies flammability standards for household textiles and apparel.

2.11 Name consumer rights and responsibilities regarding clothing and textiles

Information cover in CM 1.16