closingthe floodgates - how the coal industry is poisoning our water
TRANSCRIPT
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7/27/2019 ClosingThe Floodgates - How the Coal Industry is Poisoning Our Water
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Closing the Floodgates:Hw He Cal Iusy Is PIsIg u wae
a Hw we Ca sP I
WATERKEEPER
ALLIANCE
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7/27/2019 ClosingThe Floodgates - How the Coal Industry is Poisoning Our Water
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able f Ces
exeCuIve summay 1
Pa eyeas f egleC a a CHaCe f CHage 3
Introdction 3
1 h oic lc o Co Pnt wtr Potion 4
Ho Co Pnt wtr Potion act u 4
wh I Co Pnt wtr Potion so oic? 5
2 stt fi to Contro oic ichr in th anc o fdr stndrd 7
3 Co Pnt Cn Cn up hir wtr Potion 10
i to stop sttin or unind Pond Intd o gnin rtnt st 10
r ah Hndin 10
bt wtr rtnt chnooi or scrr sd nd lcht 11
ai chnooi Cn so tion Potion Pro 11
4 mddin th wtr: Poitic Intrrnc Pt Protction t ik 12
Pa wlIvIg wseam: Cal wae PlluI aCss He Cuy 14
1 bi Pnt: bi Pro 14
ldi: lk, sp, nd ghin ichr into th miori 14
monro: siin in Co Pnt wt 15
2 Co ir: k enr oic lc in orth Croin 15
3 ir o wt: wtrhd In nr 16
h Iinoi ir: Priri str undr Prr 16
h bck wrrior ir: oic mt in a wtr 18
4 enironnt Injtic: Co Pnt wtr Potion nd Inqit 19
wkn: Indtri Potion on th lk 19
orth h & ir o: vnr Coniti nd l Prit 19
5 rnrrin Potnt ro air to wtr 2 0
6 Potin wtr in th arid wt 22
7 va oic lc: h ah Pond Cn-up Pro 238 Co in th wtr, Cot to Cot 25
Concion 25
endnot 26
appndi I 30
appndi II 31
appndi III 45
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7/27/2019 ClosingThe Floodgates - How the Coal Industry is Poisoning Our Water
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abu He sPsIg gaIzaIs
the environmental integrity ProjeCt (eIP) i nonprtin, nonprot
ornition ddictd to th norcnt o th ntion nti-potion
nd th prntion o poitic intrrnc ith tho h eIP proid
ojcti ni o ho th ir to norc or ipnt nironnt
incr potion nd hr pic hth, nd hp oc coniti
otin th protction o nironnt
the sierra Club i th ntion odt nd rt rroot nironnt
rop, ith 21 iion r nd pportr h sirr C bond Co
Cpin ork to ddr th prin pic hth thrt ro co-rd
por pnt nd tord cn nr
Clean Water aCtion i on-iion r ornition o dir
pop nd rop joind tothr to protct or nironnt, hth,
conoic -in, nd conit qit o i It o incd cn,
nd ord tr; prntion o hth thrtnin potion; crtion
o nironnt jo nd in; nd pornt o pop
to k docrc ork Cn wtr action orni tron rroot
rop nd coition nd cpin to ct nironnt cndidt nd
o nironnt nd conit pro
earthjustiCe i non-prot pic intrt ornition ddictd to
protctin th nicnt pc, ntr rorc, nd idi o thi rth,
nd to dndin th riht o pop to hth nironnt
WaterkeePer allianCe ondd in 1999 nironnt ttor-
n nd ctiit ort f Knnd, Jr, nd r trn wtrkpr
rnition It i o ont o on-th-tr doct ho ptro
nd protct or thn 100,000 i o rir, tr, nd cotin in
orth nd soth aric, erop, atri, ai, nd aric wtrkpr
rnition coin rthnd knod o thir tr ith n n-
rin coitnt to th riht o thir coniti nd to th r o
aCKwlegmehi rport priri copod nd ditd eIP mnin attorn
Jnnir n nd sirr C st attorn Cri s thr con-
tritin to thi rport incd: eIP rch ant o lon nd ro
sndr, sirr C aocit attorn C ort, sirr C ant
nd fo shrri lin, o Prn, mi wndr, stphni gr,
nd Hin gpt, Cn wtr action tion wtr Cpin Coordintor
Jnnir Ptr, erthjtic Co Pror irctor aii in, wtrkp
ainc st attorn Ptr Hrrion nd wtrkpr ainc go Co
Cpin Coordintor onn lin
aa lImIaIs
h inortion contind in thi rport i d on copn -rportd
dt otind throh pic cci us enironnt Protction
anc it nd frdo o Inortion act rqt ccion,
ornnt dt contin rror, ithr c inortion i incc-
rt rportd th rtd ntiti or incorrct trncrid orn-
nt nci hi rport i d on dt rtrid prior to J 2013, nd
qnt dt rtri dir iht o copni corrct prior
rport
w r coittd to nrin tht th dt prnt r ccrt
poi w i corrct n rror tht r ri
Questions and Comments cn dirctd to Jnnir n t
jdn@nironntintritor
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7/27/2019 ClosingThe Floodgates - How the Coal Industry is Poisoning Our Water
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Co-rd por pnt r th rt orc o toic
tr potion in th unitd stt, dpin iion
o pond o potion into aric rir, k,
nd tr ch r1 h t ro co pnt,
o knon co cotion t, incd co
h nd d ro potion contro cd cr-
r tht r notorio or contintin rond nd
rc tr ith toic h t nd othr po-
tnt2 h potnt, incdin d nd rcr,
cn dnro to hn nd rk hoc in ortrhd n in r ont h toic t-
in thi t do not drd or ti nd n
io-cct, incrin in concntrtion th
tr p th ood chin, tit coctin in or
odi, nd th odi o or chidrn
eitin ntion tndrd nt to contro co pnt
tr potion r thirt-on r od nd i to t
n iit on n dnro potnt n no
h th us enironnt Protction anc (ePa)
propod to pdt th otdtd tndrd, in ordr
to cr dichr o rnic, oron, cdi, d,rcr, ni, nd othr h t ro co
pnt athoh th Cn wtr act rqir th ePa
nd tt to t potion iit or por pnt in th
nc o dr tndrd,3 tt h rotin -
od niitd dichr o thi dnro potion
r ri o 386 co-rd por pnt cro th
contr dontrt tht th Cn wtr act h
n ot nir inord por copni
nd prittin nci r r i d on th
ePa enorcnt nd Copinc Hitor nin
(eCH) dt nd or ri o dichr pr-it or co-rd por pnt for ch pnt,
rid prit nd onitorin rqirnt or r-
nic, oron, cdi, d, rcr, nd ni; th
hth o th rciin tr; nd th prit pir-
tion dt r ni r tht:
r 70 prcnt o th co pnt tht dichr
co h nd crr ttr r od to
dp niitd ont o rnic, oron, cd-
i, rcr, nd ni into pic tr, in
iotion o th Cn wtr act
n ot 63 prcnt o th co pnt r r-
qird to onitor nd rport dichr o rnic,
oron, cdi, rcr, nd ni
n ot 17% o th prit or th 71 co pnt
dichrin into tr ipird or rnic, oron,
cdi, d, rcr, or ni contind
iit or th potnt rponi or drdin
tr qit
r h o th pnt rd r dichrin
toic potion ith n pird Cn wtr act
prit fit-thr por pnt r oprtin ith
prit tht pird or or r o
In hort, co pnt h d or rir, k, nd
tr thir on prit t dp or dcd
h dnro dichr h rio conqnc-
or coniti tht i nr co-rd por
pnt nd thir dp cro th unitd stt
n o thond o i o rir r drdd
thi potion4 h ePa h idntid or thn 250
indiid intnc hr co pnt h hrd
rond or rc tr5 bc n co por
pnt it on rcrtion k nd rroir, or p-
tr o drinkin tr ppi, tho thond o
i o poiond tr h n ipct on pop
cro th contr Co tr potion ri cncr
rik, k h n to t, nd cn inict tin
rin d on or chidrn6
aricn do not nd to i ith th dnro
dichr wttr trtnt tchnooi tht
drtic rdc, nd n iint, dichr o
toic potion r id i, nd r rd
in t o por pnt in th unitd stt7
accordin to th ePa, co pnt cn iint co
h ttr ntir oin to dr h hndin
tchniq8 scrr dichr cn o trtd
ith coon n tchnooi ch chic
prcipittion, iooic trtnt, nd por co-
prion to rdc or iint iion o ton o toic
potion9
h ePa rcnt propo to t on ord tn-
drd contin tip option, incdin tron
exeCutive summary
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7/27/2019 ClosingThe Floodgates - How the Coal Industry is Poisoning Our Water
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tndrd tht od rqir th iintion o th
jorit o co pnt tr potion in tchnoo-
i tht r i nd cot-cti h tront
o th option, cd ption 5 in th propo,
od iint ot toic dichr, rdcin
potion or thn 5 iion pond r, nd
hod th option ePa ct or th n r h
nt tront option, cd ption 4, od ii-
nt h-contintd dichr, nd pp rioro
trtnt rqirnt or crr d, hor
it od on rdc potion 33 iion pond
r, 2 iion thn ption 5 b iintin or i-
nicnt rdcin toic dichr ro co pnt,
tron n r od crt hndrd o iion o
dor in nt r r in th or o iprod
hth nd rcrtion opportniti or aricn,
in ddition to th incc nt o cn nd
hth trhd10 h ePa tit tht ndin
toic dpin ro co pnt od cot thn
on prcnt o nn rn or ot co pnt
nd t ot ot to pnni d in pn or
ordinr aricn i th tiiti pd o o th
cnp cot to conr11
unortnt, th propo o incd i nd
k option inrtd poitic oprti, rthr
thn ePa cintit h option od prr th
tt qo or do itt to contro dnro potion
dpin wk option r i to potr
nd aricn dr ttr It i ti or th ePa
to t tron, ntion tndrd to nd dcd o
toic tr potion, nd protct pic hth nd or
tr
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ini tndrd tht r tihd in 1982 an
pdt i on ord eitin r contin n-
ti no iit on th ont o toic potnt in-
cdin rnic, rcr, ni, nd d tht co
pnt cn dp into or tr18 h ePa it dit
tht th tndrd do not dqt ddr th
toic potnt dichrd ro th ctric por
indtr19
a rt o thi rtor ir, ot co por
pnt no nin trtnt to contro thir
tr potion, incdin dnro -h nd
otto-h t, crr d, nd chin
potion ro nd nd pond mn pnt h
nothin or thn rdintr ttin pond, hich
do ot nothin to ro th diod h
t tht k co tr potion poiono nd
dnro20
cd o nchckd potion h pt or -
tr, or nironnt, nd or hth t rik bt
no thr i n opportnit to chn tht atr
r o ork rrch cintit nd ninr
dtrind docc citin cro th
contr th ePa h n propod to pdt it
otdtd tndrd h ePa propo ot
n o option tht r inicnt in th ont
o potion th od contro so o tho option
r inc nd i k bt th tront
option ption 5, hich t ro dichr tn-
drd tht od rqir pnt to cn p ot
ntir nd ption 4, hich iint ot di-
chr nd rqir coprhni trtnt or th
rindr od cot-cti o th t oco por pnt tord ro dichr o potnt,
protctin or pic hth nd or nironnt
In ddition to th incc nt o thond o
i o cnr rir nd tr tht od rt
ro roin th dichr o toic t, th
r od o crt thond o jo nd hndrd
o iion o dor in ontr nt r r in
th or o iprod hth nd rcrtion oppor-
tniti cro th unitd stt21 h co indtr,
hich h on ipod th cot o it potion on
introduCtion
a cro th unitd stt, iion o on pr
d o tr potion cd ith toic potnt
incdin rnic, rcr, ni, nd d h
ro co-rd por pnt into or rir, k, nd
tr Potion o ro th in, k pond
tht n pnt to tor thir toic rri o co
h nd oktck crr d oic chic
o p ro nind pond nd dr t ndinto rond nd rc tr, in hind pr-
itnt th c a in , t t 55 iion pond
o tr potion i rd into th nironnt
co por pnt r r, nd inicnt portion
o tht potion i d p o toic chic12
h por pnt r th rt orc o toic
tr potion in th unitd stt, dpin or
toic into or tr thn th othr top nin potin
indtri combined13 hi hr potion, incd-
in nr 80,000 pond pr r o rnic on, 14
k it into trodi cro th contr,
into h nd othr qtic i nd into or odi,
thoh h nd tr conption, iin, ot-
in, nd othr ctiiti15 hond o i o rir
nd tr r rd hrd thi potion, nd
r r th pro t or
hi rport, n indpndnt ri o hndrd o co
pnt ttr prit, ho tht nr 70 pr-
cnt o por pnt prit t no nt iit on
ho ch rnic, oron, cdi, d, rcr, nd
ni th pnt cn dichr16 Indd, n
prit do not n rqir onitorin, o rtor,
nd th pic, do not kno or crtin ht poion
r ndin thir into th tr r ri ocd
on th potnt c th r ot
ond in co h nd crr t nd r prtic-
r hr to hth or qtic i
h Cn wtr act, hn it c , tihd
ntion o o ending tr potion 198517
r thr dcd tr, th rt indtri orc
o toic tr potion contin to o or tr
nti nchckd c it i on rtd
Part one
years oF negleCt and a ChanCe For Change
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7/27/2019 ClosingThe Floodgates - How the Coal Industry is Poisoning Our Water
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or dichr ro th it29 mn o th t
dp or pond h no inr to prnt potion
ro kin ot o th30
accordin to th ePa, tn o thond o i o
rir r drdd thi potion31 h ePa h
rd idntid 132 prt c hr por
pnt contintd rc tr nd nothr 123
c hr rondtr dd bc
n co por pnt it on rcrtion k ndrroir, or ptr o drinkin tr ppi,
tho thond o i o poiond tr h
n idit ct on pop cro th contr
In ddition to tho itd oppoit, th ePa h idnti-
d n othr dnro tnc in co pnt
ttr, incdin chroi, odn, nd
thi64 In ot r intnc, co pnt r
th rt orc o each o th tr potnt
ntion
h ePa cct tht th nn potion ro co
por pnt trnt into or thn iht iionwPe or toic ihtd pond qint, indict-
in h toic rdn on th ntion tr65 ht
r dr th potion ro n othr indtri
ctor in th unitd stt nd i or thn th
othr top nin potin indtri combined or
thn th ppr i in th contr, or thn th
rnri, or thn th chic pnt nd rti-
ir ciiti nd or i nd incinrtor66 h t
i o r or toic thn n dichr ro tpic
pic-ond trtnt ork, th ort o
pnt tht r citi nd ton scrr ton contin 80 ti or ni thn tpic
pnt t67 with rpct to toic potion,
th 290 co pnt rd ePa pt ch o
rdn on th nironnt thond o
pnt68 with hndrd o co por pnt cro
th contr, it i no rpri tht co pnt potion
po ch rio thrt to or tr
Hw Cl Plnt wt Pllutn ffCts us
Co por pnt cn iion o on o tr
r d, o ot por pnt it on or nr tr
od hi n tht co pnt dichr into hn-drd o rir, k, nd tr cro th unitd
stt h tr r otn popr rcrtion
pot or otin, iin, nd hin nd r drink-
in tr orc or nr coniti fihin
proid n inpni, ri, nd hth ood
orc, t hn h r contintd, coniti
tht dpnd on hin r r or nr thn
th nr poption
hr i no qtion tht hr to h nd othr
idi ro co t dichr i idprd nd
o , cn rdi or th rti odt cot
o cnin p it potion, rthr thn r dpin
it into rir h coon-n trtnt rqird
th ePa propod r r rrk ord-
, ontin to tnti thn on prcnt
o rn or ot co pnt, nd no or thn
to pnni d in pn or ordinr aricn,
i tiiti pd cot onto conr in thir c-
tricit i22 In chn or to cnt d, cod
nd ot toic tr potion in thi contr
h ePa t ni ro dichr r nd pt
on pth to oin on o or ot idprd nd
hr potion pro It i ti to o orrd
nd protct pic hth nd nironnt
1. the toxiC legaCy oF Coal PlantWater Pollution
h 55 iion pond o tr potion ro co
por pnt r r incd t t 179 iion
pond o t, incdin rnic, ni, cdi-
, chroi, nd rcr23 h toic r hrd-
o to hn or qtic i in r do (-
rd in prt pr iion) c th do not drd
or ti nd io-cct, nin th incr
in concntrtion th r pd p th ood chin
mch o th rinin potion conit o ntrint
ch nitron nd phophor, hich contrit to
thick, op oo tht cn chok trhd,
ch th Chpk b24
hi dpin occr in tonihin o h ePa
tit tht, ch r, p to 145 iion on o
h trnport tr nd p to 66 iion on o ot-
to h trnport tr prodcd t jt on
por pnt nd dpd into h pond25 mkin -
tr potion or, n pnt ithr h intd,
or i oon int, oktck crr -
t tht cn prnt toic t ro oin p th
oktck into th ir h pro i tht crr
otn concntrt th t th ro into t,
toic, d tht nr do not ndro n
cti trtnt26 hnk to trictr ir potion
r, crr h incrd 900 prcnt inc
198227 yt, thr r no tndrd to nr protcti
ttr trtnt o th crr d, nd o
thi pci toic n ttr tr i ndin
p in ttin pond hr it thn k it into
rir, tr, nd k
and tht not : oic potion o occr hn
cht t or nd nd h ipondnt
dichr ntrtd or indqt trtd t-
tr28 In o c, co h nd or pond
cor hndrd o cr, in oc tnd, nd trn
tr into drin ditch or t tht ithr k
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Why Is Coa Pa Wa PoIo so oIC?
athoh co t tr contin rin i-
tr o potion, o th r toic bo r -
ri o o o th ot dnro poion th
contin
arseniC
arnic i potnt poion Por pnt32 dichr
t t 79,200 pond o rnic r rhichth ePa cct to 320,000 toic ihtd
pond qint (wPe), th norid nit tht
ePa to copr th rti toic ct o di-
rnt potnt33 accordin to th ePa, rnic i
rqnt ord t td concntrtion nr
co t it, hr it h n ond in rond-
tr, nd cn o id p, or io-cct, in
cot ctd th dichr34 accordin
to th anc or oic stnc Contro nd
i itr (as), rnic in drinkin tr
i inkd to icrri, tiirth, nd innt itho irth iht35 arnic cn o c cncr,
incdin kin tor nd intrn orn tor,36 nd
i o connctd to hrt pro, nro t
diordr, nd intn toch pin37
merCury
a th ePa pin, n thoh rcr concntr-
tion in co pnt t cn rti o, r-
cr i hih toic copond tht rprnt n
nironnt nd hn hth rik n in
concntrtion, nd th condition t th otto
o co t poo r prticr ik to conrt
rcr into it ot toic or38 mrcr i io-
cctin poion tht ipir rin dopnt
in chidrn nd c nro t nd kidn
d in dt39 a rction o t-poon o r-
cr cn contint 25-cr k,40 nd co pnt
dp 2,820 pond or 330,000 wPe into or
tr r r41 mrcr o cct in h,
kin th n to t42
selenium
Co por pnt dichr 225,000 pond o -
ni ch r,43 rtin in r nironnt
hr44 Hih o ni cn ki pop, nd
or cn c nro t pro, rit-
t hir, nd dord ni45 sni tk it
ot rio to in or rir nd tr, hr it i
ct poiono to h nd othr qtic i in n
do Concntrtion o 3 icror pr
itr cn ki h,46 nd or concntrtion cn
h dord or tri47 sni o io-cc-
t nd intrr ith h rprodction, nin
tht it cn prnnt dtro idi poption in
k nd rir it ork it throh th co-
t or priod o r48
lead
ld i hih toic poion tht cn c r
rin d, pci in chidrn49 Co pnt
dp 64,400 pond o d into th tr ch
r50 athoh th ePa rport tht ch o thid tt ot ir qick, i it ind p pin
into rir dint, it i prit nc d ntr th
rir cot, it cn ntr th ood chin nd io-
cct, din to rio hr to idi,
thrtnin pop51
Cadmium
Cdi i t nothr io-cctin h
t52 Por pnt nd 31,900 pond ch r
into or tr, or 738,000 wPe, d to cdi
hih toicit53 as rn tht drinkin tr ith
td cdi cn c kidn d,ri on, oitin nd dirrh nd oti
dth54 Cdi o ik c cncr55 fih -
pod to c cdi co dord56
boron
boron i rr in npotd tr, nin tht n
r concntrtion cn toic to idi not
pod to thi potnt57 Co pnt di-
chr or thn 54 iion pond o oron nn,
conrtin rr continnt into coon-pc
potnt dontr o thir dichr point58
boron ct on pop i ncr, t o tdit tht it cn c n, oitin, nd dir-
rh, n t o concntrtion59
bromides
Co pnt t contin roid t, hich r
r hrd to ro hort o portin ttr
to crti ot th potnt60 broid intrct
ith diinctnt proc in tr trtnt pnt
to or diinction prodct, incdin c o
chic cd trihothn, hich r oci-
td ith ddr cncr61
nitrogen and PhosPhorush ntrint r iportnt in qntiti, t
cn rdi orpor cot in rr qntiti,
conrtin cr tr into -chokd p62
bc co pnt dp or thn 30 iion
pond o nitron nd 682,000 pond o pho-
phor nn, th r tnti contritor to
hr ntrint odin in th Chpk b nd
othr trhd63
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en in r k, co pnt potion prit nd c-
ct rchr h dicord tht rnic,
in prticr, cct in th dint on k ot-
to, nd thn rpt ro dint tr r
nd trti in th r, rin ck into th
k drin th r d hn n pop
r ik to ot hin nd iin83
h r jt o o th rportd incidnt o
d ro co pnt potion a th ePa hdocntd, th cop o thi potion i trin
accordin to th ePa, to-third o th tr r-
ciin co pnt t h rdcd tr qit
dirct rt o tht potion84 r h o tho
tr (49 prcnt) h tr qit or
thn th ePa tion condd wtr Qit
Critri, nd th o th iot tndrd or drink-
in tr85 stndrd or rnic, ni, cdi,
nd thi r th ot rqnt iotd for
intnc, 147 ot o th 297 trodi rciin co
t cd hn hth tr qit tndrd
or rnic86 snt-iht por pnt dichr
dirct into tr od tht h n or itd
hin tr qit ipird potnt in co
t (ith rcr in th ot coon pot-
nt o concrn)87
h ePa tit tht 11,200 i o rir cd
rcondd tr qit or hn hth
rt o co pnt tr potion r 24,000
i o rir cd rcondd tr qit
or rcrtion88 In n o th tr, h
r not to t mrcr in h po thrt to
pop hin or ood in nr to-third o rci-
in tr, nd 38 prcnt o tho tr h or
h diori89
rinkin tr i ctd too h ePa rport tht
ot 40 prcnt o pnt dichr ithin i
o pic tr intk, nd 85 prcnt o pnt di-
chr ithin i o pic 90
Hn hth ipct ro thi potion r rio
h ePa tit, or intnc, tht nr 140,000
pop pr r princ incrd cncr rik d
to rnic in h ro co pnt; tht nr 13,000
chidrn ndr th o n ch r h r-
dcd IQ c o d in h th t; nd tht
ot 2,000 chidrn r orn ith or IQ c
o rcr in h thir othr h tn91
hi ntionid poionin o or rir i prticr
njt or coniti tht dpnd hi on h or
ood accordin to th tion enironnt Jtic
adior Conci, ii in n coniti o
coor, incdin tho o aricn-aricn nd ti
rio scintit h docntd co potnt,
ch ni nd rnic, idin p to r hih
concntrtion in h nd idi pod to co
t dichr, nd tht tho cctin toic
cn tit dor or ki ni69
h or thn 250 docntd incidnt o d-
to tr rorc ro co pnt potion h
rtd in tin nironnt hr70 n r
ocin on rportd h nd idi d cd co t dichr on ho t t 22 ch
incidnt or th t dcd, cin d
o or thn $23 iion71 Incrdi, 12 o th 22 c
r cd permitteddichr, rthr hoin
th nd or tron pdtd ntion tndrd72
h rin tor rpt it in nd
in In orth Croin, b lk, popr hin
nd rcrtion pot, contintd jt or
dcd o co t dpin Jt tn r o
dichr noh to iint 18 o th 20 h
pci in th k, nd to dnro ocontintion in h nd ird or thn tn r
tr73 In Hco roir, o in orth Croin, co
pnt dpin d to n $864 iion h ki tht t
ni in i 1,000 ti rtr thn or-
dinr tr concntrtion74 In , t mrtin Crk
roir, co pnt dichrd ttr or jt
iht onth; ithin to r, 90 prcnt o pnk-
ton-tin h in th k hd did, nd roth
nd i cod no onr rprodc75 en
r tr, h in th k r riddd ith dd
or din ti in thir intrn orn76 Poiond h
trnd p in th wh roir in , too, orc-
in th tt to rn int conin h ro th
k77 brnd brnch roir pcd
ndr th dior onc it trtd rciin h
pond dichr78
a rcnt r o tr ctd nin por
pnt, d on intni tr pin in orth
Croin, ond contintion cro th tt79
n pin hod concntrtion o rnic in
dichr ro to o th pnt t or to nin
ti rtr thn th ePa drinkin tr tn-
drd ichr ro othr pnt hod ni
concntrtion p to 17 ti rtr thn th ePa
rcondd chronic por or qtic i80
ichr ro th pnt o cdd hn
nd qtic i tndrd or ntion, cdi, nd
thi81 h k nd rir rciin thi t,
prdict, hod td o toic, incd-
in rnic nd ni, n thoh th r r
odi o tr fih in t t on o th k r
dord in tht indict ni poionin82
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7/27/2019 ClosingThe Floodgates - How the Coal Industry is Poisoning Our Water
10/50Closing the Floodgates
pop, r on hin to pp ic ntrition
nd92 a th Conci rot, [p]t ip, coni-
ti o coor, o-inco coniti, tri, nd othr
indino pop dependon hth qtic co-
t nd th h, qtic pnt, nd idi tht th
cot pport93 fihin proid n inpn-
i, ri, nd hth ood orc, t hn h
r contintd, rinc on hin or ood k
coniti r or nr to tr potion nd
contintd h thn th nr poption
trint potion i o rio pro, contrit-
in to oo nd othr cooic inc
cro th contr for p, por pnt di-
chr pproit 22 iion pond pr r o
nitron to th Chpk b 30% o th tot
nitron od from NPDES permitted sources discharg-
ing industrial wastewaters in tht trin trhd,
hich i on th ot cooic nd conoi-
c iportnt tri in th contr94
In , ro cot to cot, nd in rir, k, ndtr cro th contr, co pnt tr po-
tion cct, poionin tr, oin dint,
nd contritin to r-c cooic dirption
cro tn o thond o i o tr nr-
thr dcd tr th Cn wtr act trt
dt to eliminate tr potion95
2. states Fail to Control toxiCdisCharges in the absenCe oFFederal standards
ntion tndrd r rnt ndd in r
prt c th tt h ot ntir id to
contro toic t potion ro co por pnt
whr th ePa i to t tron ntion dichr
tndrd or potr ( i th c hr), tt pr-
ittin nci r rqird th Cn wtr act
to t iit in dichr prit or indiid pnt
tht rct th t i trtnt tchnoo
nd protct tr qit96 and tchnooi r i-
to inicnt rdc nd n iint toic
dichr ro por pnt97 yt or ri o 386
co-rd por pnt indict tht thi h n
ot nir inord ctric tiiti nd thtt nci tht i nd norc Cn wtr act
dichr prit
r r i d on th ePa enorcnt nd
Copinc Hitor nin (eCH) dt, hich
incd prittin inortion or co por pnt
cro th contr, nd or ri o dichr pr-
it for ch pnt rd, rcordd hthr
th prit contind iit or onitorin rqirnt
or i rprntti toic t (rnic, oron, cd-
i, d, rcr, nd ni); hthr th pnt
itd h or crr t on it dichr;
hthr th pnt dichr into tr ipird
or on or or o th i rprntti toic t;
nd hthr th pnt prit pird98 at t
274 o th 386 co pnt dichr co h nd/or
crr ttr See appndic IIII or th co-
pt rt o or ni r ni ho tht
tt h rotin trnd ind to th dn-
ro dichr hi por pnt h d or
ntion tr thir on prit dpin rond
the majoriy o he 274 coa pa (o o 386
revieed) ha repor dichargig coa ah or crb-
ber aeaer are o reqired o imi oxic mea
dicharge.99 th 274 por pnt in thi ri
tht dichr co h or crr ttr, on
86 hd t t on iit on rnic, oron, cdi,
d, rcr, nd ni dichr100 In othr
ord, th prit or 69 prcnt o th pnt od
niitd dichr o th potnt in iotion o
th Cn wtr act
Coal Plants Without metal limits
site witut limit fr t letne f te metl belw
188
arenic 255
Brn 267
Cdmium 263
ed 251
Mercur 235
selenium 232
moror, prit iit r trinnc nd co-
ptn vr , i n, pnt h protcti iit
or rnt t; ot h iit or on -
t o th poion for p, r or pnt h
iit or ni thn th do or rnic, cdi,
oron, or d
no ae coiey ie compreheive oxic
mea imi or a pa dichargig ah or crb-
ber ae i i jridicio. stt prittin prctic
r inconitnt, nd do not ord citin prdict-
or copt o protction or dnropotnt in co t tr
pproximaey 63 perce o he poer pa ih
coa ah ad crbber dicharge rveyed are
reqired o moior ad repor dicharge coce-
raio o oxic poio. monitorin nd rportin
rqirnt r critic c ithot onitorin
dt, th ePa nd tt nci nd dontr
coniti h no o knoin th ct
ont o toic dichrd into trhd yt on
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7/27/2019 ClosingThe Floodgates - How the Coal Industry is Poisoning Our Water
11/50Closing the Floodgate
statenumber oF PermitsrevieWed101
limit For at leastone Pollutant
arseniC boron Cadmium lead merCury selenium
al 9 5 5 0 0 0 1 0
ar 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Co 3 2 0 0 1 1 0 2
de 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Fl 7 7 3 0 2 5 4 4
ga 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ia 15 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
il 18 5 0 5 0 0 0 0
in102 16 3 0 0 1 1 2 1
ks 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ky 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
la 4 3 0 0 0 3 0 0
ma 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
md 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
mi 16 7 0 0 0 0 7 1
mn 5 2 0 0 0 0 2 0
mo 15 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
ms 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
mt 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
nC 10 5 1 1 2 2 2 2
nd 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ne 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
nh 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
nj 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
nm 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ny 3 3 2 0 2 3 3 2
oh 18 10 0 0 0 0 8 3
ok 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pa 12 8 0 1 2 6 5 7
sC 10 3 3 0 0 0 1 2
tn 8 1 1 0 0 0 0 1
tx 13 12 1 0 1 1 1 12
va 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wi 7 3 0 0 0 0 3 0
Wv 5 4 3 0 0 0 0 3
Wy 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
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7/27/2019 ClosingThe Floodgates - How the Coal Industry is Poisoning Our Water
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172 o th 274 pnt r rqird to onitor or t
t on o th t nd in thi rport
Coal Plants With monitoring
Mnitring fr t let ne f te metlbelw
172
arenic 97
Brn 45
Cdmium 78
ed 81
Mercur 126
selenium 102
monitorin rqirnt r: athoh o pnt
r rqird to onitor or r toic potnt,
conitnt nd cr onitorin or rnt po-
tnt i rrit In othr ord, not on do n
prit ck iit on th qntit o toic t
in dichrd, th i n to rqir onitorin
o ct whatnd how much i dichrd into or
tr, in coniti in th drk
Poer pa dicharge oxic io impaired aer
iho imi. undr th Cn wtr act, tt
t hthr tr r ipird (i not
tin tr qit tndrd) nd crt pn to
cn th p h ePa tit tht 25 prcnt o
rc tr tht rci por pnt dichr
r ipird or potnt tht i dichrd th
pnt103 and 38 prcnt o rc tr r ndr
h dior or potnt ocitd ith [por
pnt ttr]104 whr dichr cod c or
contrit to n cdnc o tr qit tn-
drd in th rciin tr, tt r rqird to t
potion iit to prnt th cdnc105 h ePa
h idntid t t 78 pnt dichrin into tr
ipird co t potnt106 r ri o 71
ch por pnt dichrin to tr ipird or
rnic, oron, cdi, d, rcr, or ni
ond tht on t, or pproit 17%, hd
iit or t t on o th potnt rponi or
cin th ipirnt It i ik tht n or -
tr r ipird th dichr thn thi r
rct c ot tt do not rr tr, nd th ePa eCH dt did not it
th c o ipirnt
h chrt o idnti tho pnt dichrin
into tr ipird rnic, oron, cdi,
d, or rcr tht h t t on iit or th i
potnt In o c, th pnt prit rtrict
dichr o on potnt, t o niitd di-
chr o th potnt din tr qit for
p, th prit or th b shor pnt in hio
iit dichr o rcr, t th rciin tr i
ipird or rnic
disCharges into imPaired Waters
71 PoW Pas
imit fr t let ne f te metl belw 18
arenic 3
Brn 2
Cdmium 3
ed 5
Mercur 11
selenium 8
appndi III idnti por pnt dichrin into
ipird tr
Poer pa permi are o regary revieed ad
regheed a reqired by a. h Cn wtr act
on o dichr prit to id or priod
o r107 at th nd o th -r priod, th
dichrr t it n ppiction nd otinppro ro th prittin nc hi rqirnt
i nt to nr tht nt iit r rr
rid to ccont or n dnc in ttr
trtnt tchnooi In ddition, crtin pnt
o nd to t or trinnt iit i th r
potin tr tht r not tin tr qit
tndrd Hor, th rit i tht n dichr
prit or por pnt r dinitrti -
tndd, hich n th pnt contin to dichr
ndr th od prit or r nd oti n
dcd r ri idntid 187 (ot o 382108
) copnt oprtin ith pird prit o mrch 13,
2013
th 187 pnt ith pird prit o mrch 13,
2013, 144 r or prit tht dichr co h nd/
or crr ttr n 41 o th pnt h
t t on iit on rnic, oron, cdi, rcr,
or ni dichr; 72 prcnt contin no iit on
th potnt n 75 pnt, or ot 52 prcnt,
r rqird to onitor nd rport toic dichr o
th potnt
Coal Plants With exPired nPdes Permits as oF marCh 13, 2013
MoIoI Ma IMIs
Mnitring / limit fr t let nef te metl belw
75 41
arenic 37 9
Brn 21 6
Cdmium 25 5
ed 33 10
Mercur 54 20
selenium 35 16
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7/27/2019 ClosingThe Floodgates - How the Coal Industry is Poisoning Our Water
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contintd tr i od to it, o oid tt
to th otto o th pond, t diod h t-
nd othr hr potnt rin in th pond
tr tht r nt dichrd triht into
rir nd tr109 mnhi, nind pond o
potnt to ch into th tr t, contintin
rondtr nd th connctd rc tr110
frthr, th trctr intiit o n pond i
jor hrd, cop in nn dtric cr in cr o 2008 111 whn th 84-
cr rc ipondnt t th nn v
athorit Kinton Pnt rt, it dpd or thn
iion on o co h rr into th eor ir,
dtroin th trhd nd corin or thn 300
cr o rrondin nd hi pi dttd n n-
tir conit, nd cnp ort cotin or thn
iion dor h t to rtor th trhd
in th eor nd Cinch rir
In it propod r, th ePa proid dtid ni
conrin tht co pnt cn k hit rottin pond to ttr, r, potion contro b
trnitionin to dr h nnt t nd -
poin prior ttr trtnt tchnooi
ch chic prcipittion, in cointion ith
iooic trtnt or por coprion, it i po-
i to rdc potion ro co pnt iion o
ton ch r, n chiin ro iqid dichr112
D sH HnDln
mch co tr potion co ro in tr to
cn ot otto h nd h ro co pnt -
t bt thr i no nd to ood, cn tr too thi hrdo t Intd, ip chnic
t cn d to o th h hi dr hn-
din tchnoo tk pnt dichr o iion or
iion o on pr r don to ro
r hndin o h hod rqird to iint
on o th ot potd ttr tr t co
pnt In t nnt t, h ro co
cotion i trnportd to h pond in tr
icin nt, t it i o poi to con
th h pntic, ithot tr, to io, hr it
cn odd onto trck or ri cr or trnport to propr contrctd, ind nd113 ard, 66 pr-
cnt o co nd ptro cok pnt po dr h
hndin thod tht iint dichr,114 nd
thr i no ron h pnt hod not po
th t dr hndin thod ci h conr-
ion i rdi chi idncd th ct tht
por copni h conrtd t t 115 nit t
or thn 45 pnt to dr h hndin t
inc 2000115
igica mber o coa pa are operaig
ih permi ha expired ve or more year ago.
spcic, t-thr prit pird on mrch 13,
2008 or rir th t-thr pnt, ort-thr
dichr co h nd/or crr ttr n
i o th pnt hd iit or on o th i t;
86 prcnt hd no iit on th potnt hirtn
pnt r rqird to onitor nd rport concntr-
tion o dichr o t t on o th t
Coal Plants With exPired nPdes Permits more than Fiveyears
MoIoI Ma IMIs
Mnitring / limit fr t let nef te metl belw
13 6
arenic 8 1
Brn 4 2
Cdmium 6 0
ed 7 2
Mercur 6 2
selenium 4 1
h dinitrti tnion o th pird prit
h rio conqnc or pic hth nd th
nironnt h ir to ti rn prit or
por pnt n tht pnt do not kp p ith
dnc in ttr trtnt tchnooi to
rdc toic dichr In ddition, thi prctic c-
ti prohiit th pic ro ihin in on prit
tht ct thir coniti nd trhd riht
tht th Cn wtr act rnt
h otto in i tht, in th nc o indin
dr cktop, th tt r iin to protct th
pic ro th toic thrt pod co pnt tr
potion; pnt cro th contr h n od
to pot ithot iit
3. Coal Plants Can Clean uP theirWater Pollution
w do not h to i ith dnro potnt in
or tr Co pnt oprtor h no c or
in rir nd tr t dp hn th
indtr cn rdi ord to int odrn potion
contro tht i kp or tr cn h tron-
t rtor option propod th ePa (ption
4 nd 5 in it propod r) od cop thi on
ord cnp, thoh on ption 5 od rt in
ro dichr o toic potnt
t t stP sttln f unlnD PnDs
nstD f nun ttnt ssts
Hitoric, por pnt h pood thir ttr
tr into i, otn nind, pit cd ttin
pond tht proid on rdintr trtnt a
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7/27/2019 ClosingThe Floodgates - How the Coal Industry is Poisoning Our Water
14/50Closing the Floodgates
nhd in th io rid, in dichrd
ttr ith r o concntrtion o ni-
122 h condition in th iorctor o cn cii-
tt tnti ro o rcr, rnic, nd othr
t123 h ePa tit tht t t i por
pnt in th us r cc tiiin iooic
trtnt124
VaPo CoMPssIo VaPoaIo: en co-
ind iooic/chic trtnt o di-chr hind, t it i poi to iint crr
dichr copt scc portion t
h n intd t thr co-rd por pnt in
th us nd t or pnt in It125 hi tp o t
rin concntrtor to rdc ttr o-
nd prodc concntrtd ttr tr
tht cn trtd in rthr portion proc
ht proc thn id oid t prodct tht cn
ndd nd potnt-r ditid tr tht
cn rd ithin th pnt or dichrd to
rc tr126 uin por coprion por-
tion, por pnt cn top dichrin potnt in
crr d tothr, incdin roid, hich
cn or dnro diinction prodct hn th
intrct ith diinctnt proc in tr trtnt
pnt and por coprion portion i jt on
o n ro dichr option i nd in t
co pnt tod
ll tCHnls Cn sl
ntnl Pllutn Pl
o th ePa rt crdit, it h rconid th i-
iit o th tchnooi nd th iportnc oin th to cot-cti rdc, nd prhp
copt iint, toic tr potion ro co
pnt
h ePa propod pdt to th 1982 tndrd
contin r option, to o hich od o on
tord oin th pro h to tront
option, d ption 4 nd 5 in th propod n
r, ork to ddr th ot toic t tr,
incdin iqid contintd h, otto h,
crr d, nd cht ro t dp
Iportnt, on ption 5 t th Cn wtr actndt to chi ro iqid dichr, nd c
it ppr tht ption 5 i rdi chi it hod
ctd ption 5 od chi th rtt
pror tord iintin potnt dichr
rqirin dr hndin o h nd otto h nd
rqirin por coprion portion or cr-
r ttr, on ith chic trtnt or
cht127 n ption 5 od rqir por pnt
to por coprion portion to contro or
roid, hich r knon to or crcinonic diin-
Co pnt hod o rqird to int dr h
nnt t or thir otto h, p-
proit 22 prcnt o us por pnt rnin
co, cok, nd oi rd r doin 116 botto h i
th hir h tht coct t th otto th oir
nd nr drop rit to hoppr octd
o th oir mot o th hoppr contin tr or
qnchin hot h In n t nnt -
t, h itin th hoppr i icd into h pond
In contrt, dr t dr chin to ro
otto h ot o th oir, dtrin th h it
i pd p n incin nd drinin th tr ck into
th oir h otto h i thn rd or trnport
to nd or corci idin tri117
st wt ttnt tCHnls f
sCu sluD nD lCHt
h t ro crr d nd th conti-
ntd iqid chin ot ro dr h dp o
po inicnt potion pro ho pro,
too, cn od ith dontrtd contro hhih-contintd t tr r n to
trtnt ith chic prcipittion in cointion
ith iooic trtnt t, hich cn chi
tr hih rt o potnt ro, or in co-
intion ith por coprion portion, hich
cn chi ro iqid dichr h tchnooi
r prticr iportnt to or crr d,
c, dicd o, o n co pnt r
t t intin crr to ddr on-tndin ir
potion pro118
ChMICa PCIPIaIo: at t 40 us porpnt rd chic prcipittion to chi
inicnt or nt concntrtion o t
coprd to ht ttin pond cn chi In
chic prcipittion t, chic r ddd to
th ttr to ciitt th ttin nd ro
o oid119 Hor, thi tchnoo cnnot c-
ti ro ni, oron, or roid, hich
r tpic prnt in co pnt ttr in hih
concntrtion120 o ro th hr potnt
nd nhnc ro o rcr nd othr t-
, ddition trtnt i ncr tr chic
prcipittion iooic trtnt, cpt
or roid, hich cn on rod por
coprion portion
BIooICa aM: In iooic ttr
trtnt t, icroorni r d to con-
ornic continnt, ot not diod
or o ni121 h t cn nd hod
d tr chic trtnt to ro rinin
dnro t potion In tpic t, th io-
rctor tr th or o ni, rdcin nt
nd nit to nt ni, hich co
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d135 Ho cod th ePa nonth or ch
k option? h nr i tht th EPA did not
co p ith th option h whit Ho c
o mnnt nd bdt (mb) took th hih n-
nd ipropr tp o ritin n k option
into th drt r prprd th ePa prt t
h r tht initi nt to mb ic rctd
th ePa cor prioriti h ePa ookin to i-
nicnt tihtn th 1982 tndrd c, thePa h trd inc t t 2009, []tdi h
hon tht th potnt prnt in dichr ro
co-rd por pnt cn ct qtic orni
nd idi, rtin in tin nironnt ipct
on oc hitt nd cot136 h ePa on
id rtor pdt critic, dittin tht
[t]h crrnt rtion, hich r t pdtd in
1982, do not dqt ddr th potnt in
dichrd nd h not kpt pc ith chn tht
h occrrd in th ctric por indtr or th
t thr dcd137
a rt, th ePa dopd to prrrd option
in its rion o th propo, hich prntd op-
tion in prt o it dicion 138 undr th rt,
hich th ePa cd ption 3, crr d od
trtd ith coind iooic nd chic
trtnt, nd h od h to dr-hndd,
iintin th dichr botto h, nhi,
cod ti hndd in pond, cod cht ro
h nd139
h cond option, cd ption 4, hich th ePa
dcrid th or nironnt protcti oit prrrd option, od contin th trtnt
option o th rt option nd od o rqir dr
hndin or otto h , nd rqir chic
trtnt or cht140 h, th ePa pind,
th to prrrd option oth ddrd crr
d nd h thoroh, nd dird in thir
hndin o otto h trnport tr nd ch-
t141 (ePa, njti, propod not to ipnt
th tront poi propod option, ption 5,
hich od h rqird ro dichr tndrd
or crr d thoh th ePa cod ti ct
tht option in th n r)
h propod r tht rd ro mb ookd
r dirnt mb i nt to p trc cop ro
in th adinitrtion, nd i chrd ith coordintin
dinitrti ction, hich incd riin nc
rkin bc mb i th t top or r
r propod or nid, por indtr rop
h co to mb ri n opportnit to
d, kn, or ock pic hth protction tht
od ipo cot on potr142 Hr, th por
ctor oin cc
ction prodct hn pod to diinctnt pro-
c in drinkin tr pnt, rtin in incrd
por nd hth rik to tho drinkin tht tr
r, ption 5 od iint nr 53 iion
pond o potion pr r128 ption 4 od chi
r t ti inicnt potion rdction or
thn 33 iion pond129 rqirin dr h hn-
din nd cointion o chic prcipittion nd
iooic trtnt or crr ttr130
both o th option cod chid ithot pt-
tin n inicnt rdn on th co indtr h
ePa h cctd tht ption 4 contro od r-
o potion t cot o ot $70 pr ton; ption
5 od cot ot $111 pr ton o potion131 h
cot trnt into r thn on prcnt o nn
rn or th t jorit o co por pnt nd
por copni; tin ddition pn tht cod
iint h ont o potion132
Cot to rtpr r q : th ePa ti-
t tht ption 4 od, t ot, dd $389 to thr por iperyear jt or pnn pr d
to iint hndrd o thond o pond o toic
tr potion ro or tr133 ption 5 od dd
$646 to th r nn i it thn to
cnt pr d
h r od o crt jo c kid ork-
r r ndd to int nd n tr potion
contro h ePa pct tht ption 4 od crt
1,253 jo, hi ption 5, hich rqir or ork,
od crt 2,112 jo134
h otto in i tht thr i no ron aricnhod h to cop ith co pnt tr potion
Intin contro i cot copni ot nothin,
nd prhp cot ordinr aricn pnni
d yt, in th nc o tron drhip, co
pnt h ktd or r ithot intin th
ic protction
4. muddying the Waters:PolitiCal interFerenCe PutsProteCtions at risk
athoh ption 4 nd 5 od iint ot
toic tr potion ro co pnt, th propod
r do not dint th prrrd option
Intd, th ePa propo incd o-cd pr-
rrd option tht od do nt to nothin ot
crr d dichr, nd hich od
othr jor t tr nrtd incdin
r ont o toic h nd otto h t
h ePa h rnd or r tht th 1982 tndrd
r not dqt to protct th pic, pci
c th i to contro toic t in crr
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7/27/2019 ClosingThe Floodgates - How the Coal Industry is Poisoning Our Water
16/50Closing the Floodgates
nd intd nnoncd tht ePa propoin op-
tion tht od kp in rc ipondnt
or trtnt o [crr d] ct th op-
poit o ht th ePa cintit hd propod152
mb ddd othr n ndorin pond153 nd
prrotin indtr concrn ot th iooic trt-
nt tht th ePa hd propod in ption 4154 mb
ddd prrph tr prrph o rtion or h
ption 4 notprrrd, inntin concrn thtrrntd droppin tht protcti option155 on o
thi n in th ePa oriin propo
apprnt in rpon to thi intrrnc, th ePa
did n to o o ption 4 crtin
n ption 4, hich r it oriin ption
4 in rqirin otto h nd cht trtnt, t
hich i knd ptin pnt r thn
400 mw ro th rqirnt to trt thir otto
h t156 ht ption k i dirnc:
whi ption 4 od contro 33 iion pond o po-
tion nn, ption 4 od contro on 26 iionpond, 700 iion pond dirnc157
h rt i tht th ePa oriin to prrrd op-
tion ption 3 nd 4 trnd into fourprrrd
option: ption 3, 3, 3, nd 4, thr o th th
dirct rt o th mb proc a o th r r
kr thn ption 4, nin tht th propo h
hitd ro th trinnt contro tht th ePa
h rptd rconid to i nd protc-
ti I th ePa ni n o th r option (or
i orcd to do o mb), it i i to contro iion
o pond o potion, poi or dcd to coh ePa cn ti choo to ni th tronr tn-
drd contind in ption 4 nd 5 h option
od cop ith th ttr nd pirit o th Cn
wtr act, nd r -pportd th ePa tchni-
c nd cintic ni h d, hor, h
ti n don: mb pt kr option on th t
prrrd cor o ction, nd i potr i
no dot tr to prd ePa to ni tho dn-
ro propo bt aricn dr ttr
atr thirt-on r o d, nd iion pon i-
ion o pond o toic potion, th pic dr
tron, ntion tndrd tht protct dontr
coniti nd r d on cinc not k
r d on poitic
mb ri o th n co pnt tr tndrd
n in intr 2013, nd crrid on nti jt or
th r ind th ePa in apri tht r
rin tht ti, th propo drtic k-
nd a rdin o th r, hoin th oriin ePa
rion nd mb rion r th chn: mb
rd to t th ePa choo or protcti option
prrrd rtor pth oin orrd, nd
inrtd kr option intd143
viitor o nd othr rcord ho tht ind-
tr rprntti t ith mb, ith th whit
Ho, nd ith othr nci wht i cr i tht
mb hthr on it on or, or ik, t th ht
o indtr pr ctd to kn th propod
r mb od not t th ePa ct ption 4, th
ot protcti o th ePa prrrd option, nd
intd inrtd n, kr, option into th r
prrrd144 sddn, th r hd or prrrd
option thr o th th prodct o th mb
proc145
o in ith, mb ddd option 3 nd 3,
hich r oth kr thn th ePa oriin pr-
rrd option146 ption 3 h no iit or th cr-
r d dichr tht th ePa prprd th
r to contro Intd, it tho iit to th
tt th tt tht h id to t prit
iit or dcd or dtrintion on c--
c i147 ption 3 i jt d: It od rqir
d contro on or pnt in crr on
or thn 2000 mw o cpcit rop conit-
in o r noro pnt in ot
crd pnt tot ncontrod148 mb pr-
rrd option r r kr thn th ePa whi th
kr o th ePa oriin prrrd option od
iint 1623 billion pond o potion nn,
mb ption 3 od contro jt ot 460 million
pond o potion pr r, nd ption 3 od
contro jt 914 iion pond149
ption 3 nd 3 r not indpndnt nd in
th ePa tchnic pportin docnt c
th r not crtd th ePa nd r not p-
portd tchnic ni: h r poitic option,
crtd to protct indtr150
Hin crtd n option tht r contrr to th
ePa i o ht th t tchnoo i, mb nt
on to rrit th ePa propo, tkin poition tht
r dirct oppod to th prt opinion orr
prd ePa t for intnc, th ePa hd rit-
tn, corrct, tht rc ipondnt ttin
pond do not rprnt th t i tchno-
o or controin potnt in [crr d] in
ot circtnc151 mb dtd thi ntnc,
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17/50Closing the Floodgate
Part tWo
living doWnstream:
Coal Water Pollution aCross the Country
undrrond k r on th innin o th pro-
, thoh ain, on o ldi pond
od to k i tr o t or t t
nintn r161 h k pid p to 35 on pr
int hich ork ot to 50,000 on pr d,
or ot 350 iion on or th r tht it nt
ncorrctd162 It took ction concrnd citin,
th ldi enironnt rnition, nd th
whinton unirit cinic to cop th co-
pn nd th tt into n ddrin thi rir ot, t t prci
bt n tht rio k i not th it o
ldi t pro h pnt dp r or
t into th rir rd thn it k h h
pond i od to dirct dp t into trnch
din to th miori ir, nd r d it dp
25 iion on or or, on r163 h pnt
dichr prit id in 1994 nd h no iit
or anytoic t in thi dichr In ct, it do not
n rqir th ldi pnt to onitor or t in
it h pond t164
ht ir dont it ith citin o th r a
Chritin at, th othr o to chidrn, nd
i-on ridnt o ldi, , r i i r
concrnd tht th kin h pond nd i di-
chr ro th h pond r ctin th hth o
i r w h tn h ro th miori
ir nd oc tr tht h ik n ctd
th ck o rtion
pit th concrn, miori h id to ct h
tt h nr pdtd ldi prit; it ri
id drt prit in r 2013, t thn ithdr
it165 ht nt ch o o: th drt prit
itt ttr thn th od on h n prit o hd
no iit on toic t in th h pond t tr,
intd rqirin qrtr onitorin o oron nd
odn, t not o rnic, rcr, or ni,
on othr toic in co h166 o k ttr
or, arn h propod to id n h nd
in th oodpin (n r ith tndin tr or ch
o th r)
h hndrd o pnt ckin prit iit r not
jt nr: ech on pt tr t rik mot
aricn i, ork, or p dontr ro co-
rd por pnt, hich n r t rik ro
th ir to contro thi toic potion, nd cn
nt ro n cnin it p a jorn to don-
tr coniti cro th unitd stt r
poiond rir, iprid coniti, nd nt-
ork o toic t it tht tk r to
rdit
1. big Plants: big Problems
ot rpriin, th rt co pnt r on th
ort potr, nd t n th hoth otn
ck r potion contro
lD: lks, sPs, nD usHn
DsCHs nt tH ssu
h h, pproit 2400 mw, labadie Poer
saio, hich pr cro th miori ir ot-
to jt ptr o st loi, i on o th ort
tr potr in th contr
h ldi pnt, th rt co por pnt in
miori, rn h ont o co r d o
ch o tht it i th orth rt rnho
orc in th ntir contr158 h t ro
tht co or thn h iion ton o it ch
r159 i dpd in to pond, incdin 154-cr
nind co h pond in inc 1970160 fin i
oi ndr th pond po itt rrir to conti-
nnt, hich cn k thir into nr
bt arn, th copn tht on th pnt, h
t to condct coprhni rondtr ttin,
nd th tt h not rqird it h ir to con-
dct rondtr onitorin nd ttin i prtic-
r troo in arn hitor o dnr-
o k ro it h pond jt cro th ordr
in Iinoi, hr ch ttin i rqird hi n
dnr nd ncrtint or ridnt inc th rr
coniti rond th pnt dpnd on tr,
nd th miori ir it i drinkin tr orc
or st loi ridnt
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7/27/2019 ClosingThe Floodgates - How the Coal Industry is Poisoning Our Water
18/50Closing the Floodgates
trt ho co potion cn k it into rir
tr rir cro th contr
k enr oprt tn co-rnin por pnt
in orth Croin hr o th tt intr ri-
r, th Ct ir, th frnch brod ir nd
th Cp fr ir, r rio ctd po-
tion ro th co pnt nd th h pond in thir
hdo h d tnd ond th tr in
hich orth Croinin i, pdd, nd h; rcntrondtr onitorin rd tht co h pond
r kin t r in on o th por pnt172
h Ct ir rn on th trn d o th
ooin cit o Chrott, proidin drinkin tr
or or thn 15 iion pop, tnnin rcrtion
opportniti, nd hitt or ndnt nti p-
ci, incdin d , opr, nd othr rptor
unortnt, t t thr rroir on thi rir r
hi potd co h nd crr dichr
ro k enr por pnt
h tro in th Ct ir o roth ontin o trn orth Croin into th ro-
in rd c hi o th pidont lk orn hot
tt prk, cnt iin nd hin opportni-
ti, nd k enr arha co-rnin pnt
h or nit t th nr 2000 mw pnt rn co
ind t ontintop ro it in appchi,
nd prodc pproit iht iion on pr
d o crr d nd h tr in th proc173
k enr i od to dp thi ttr into
lk orn ith no iit on rnic or rcr174
lk orn proid drinkin tr or n nrton, incdin idon nd moori, nd thi
rorc i in joprd d to th h pond t
th mrh pnt nd th di rdn o nrtd
co cotion ttr175
Jt i don th Ct ir, nothr
drinkin tr rroir on d potion
dpin rond or k enr co pnt at th
iverbed saio, hich c oin in apri o 2013
tr r o potion, co h ppd into to
nind h pond tht r kin toic t into
montin Ind lk, th o drinkin tr orc
or or thn 800,000 pop in th Chrott r176
athoh irnd i no onr oprtin, it po-
tion rin lr o o co h tr cn ti
o ro th pond into montin Ind lk ith
no iit on rnic, ni, or rcr monitorin
or th t, hich iht t th pic jt ho
dnro th dichr r, i iitd to in
p don or ti r177 h prit rqir
ttin or th t in h ti concntrtion,
t on onc in th ntir -r prit tr178 In
Ptrici sch, th pridnt o th ldi
enironnt rnition, dcri th thrt to
hr i, rind, nd nihor thi :
Families surrounding the Labadie Power
Plant and ash dumps are afraid that decades
of exposure to unmonitored coal waste dump-
ing has increased their risks of cancer, asthma,
auto-immune diseases, cardiovascular dis-
ease, neurological impairment, and premature
death. Why are we dumping toxic waste in ourdrinking water and oodplains? Floodplains
are for food production, ood protection, and,
most importantly, ltering our drinking water.
n: swn n Cl Plnt wst
h ton o monro, oth o troit, michin, on
lk eri, do not r h trront Intd,
e Pa oroe ct th ton o ro th tr,
ittin hr th ir iin o into th k Pnt
monro, t or 3200 mw, i th ninth ort rn-
ho potr in th contr, nd prodc co
t to tch167 h pnt t h pond trtchot rond it, ordrin th k Jt cro th rir,
north o th pnt, strin stt Prk hot popr
iin ch mn ir o conrt on
ndr t th hd o th pnt dichr chnn
it, thin in tr oin ot o th h pond
ht cod rik thin to do unti 2010, Pnt
monro hd no iit on th i toic t dicd
in thi rport, nin tht tho t h od
into th k nd it ndrin dint nchckd
or dcd168 athoh th pnt k o ort
to trt it crr d, it prit rqirnt rtr , nd h t ind p in pond tht
drin to th k n in th t thr r h th
tt o michin ddd in iit to th prit169
or rcr, hich i n nn roin iit, rthr
thn or trinnt di, or n onth, iit h
prit do not n rqir onitorin or othr toic
t, incdin rnic, ni, nd d170
a rt, th pnt i thorid to dp 575 iion
on pr d o ttr contintd h,
otto h, nd crr d into lk eri171 ht
tr o th ir on th ndr, nd intoth k, hr othr p t th tt prk sr
n, in monro, co on ith co pnt t
2. Coal rivers: duke energys toxiC
legaCy in north Carolina
h rt pnt r not th on rio tr po-
tr h coind potion o hndrd o pnt
in n tt o o or tr orth Croin
toic rdn cd in inicnt prt dcd
o potion ro k enr por pnt don-
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7/27/2019 ClosingThe Floodgates - How the Coal Industry is Poisoning Our Water
19/50Closing the Floodgate
tht pro l o ni in h ti r thr
to ti hihr thn knon to rt in h
rprodcti ir, nd r tr hih in h
nd k dint187 k enr h on o r
to pp ddition tr into stton lk ro th
Cp fr ir to dit ddition dichr ro th
h pond o tht t ik ni i ik
to cct in h ti188
athoh k enr i in th proc o conrtinth stton pnt to rn on ntr rthr thn co,
th rik pod th co h pond i prit
n th pond r propr cod nd cnd p
lk ro th pond into rondtr h n thor-
oh docntd th rondtr in th icinit o
th pnt nd th rird i rd contintd ith
rnic, iron, oron, ri, nn nd othr t-
nd t189 moror, th dint t th otto
o stton lk r hi contintd ith ni
tht i contin to tint th h poption or d-
cd to co sip cppin th pond nd top-
pin dichr to lk stton i r ro n dqt
otion hr i crrnt no pn or ho thi i
orc o co h potion i cnd p
In th nti, stton lk nd Cp fr ir
r th rdn, on ith nr ridnt ho
t i ith th r hth rik ocitd ith
th pnt toic dichr skin to ddr i
potion t stton, citin rop inititd norc-
nt procdin int k in Jn o 2013190
fro th Ct to th Cp fr, nd ro th
ocn to th ontin, orth Croinin r thrdn o k enr t hir piht i not
n
3. rivers oF Waste:Watersheds in danger
h rir o orth Croin r not on in crrin
toic rdn acro th contr, citin r in iir
trit mn o th ntion trhd r iprid
tr potion ro co por pnt
tH llns :
P st unD Pssu
h Iinoi ir, oin otht cro rnd
nd priri ro nr Chico to th miiippi,
onc on o th hthit rir in th unitd stt,
pportin irtin tro, nd h poption
o h nd 191 od, t t 10 co-rd po-
r pnt dp iion o on pr d o conti-
ntd t into th rir nd it tritri, nd th
rir i rin h tt o Iinoi h or itd
th rir ipird rcr potion, nd di
it citin to r o tin h ro th rir192
m 2013, th tt o orth Croin roht Cn
wtr act norcnt ction int k enr or
contintion o montin Ind lk cd th
p ro it i nind h pond 179
frthr don th Ct ir, nothr k enr
co-rnin por pnt, .. e, i thorid to
dichr n niitd ont o co h t-
tr into lk wi180 h i an pnt h
oir qippd ith t crr t, crtin r crr d t tr athoh th
an pnt h ipntd trtnt t or
th crr t, th prit contin no norc
iit on dichr o rnic, rcr, or othr co
cotion t t, o it i ipoi to kno
hthr thi trtnt t i orkin intndd181
h Ct ir h tkn noh chronic itrt-
nt k enr sd, it i not th on rir in
orth Croin dd th co indtr
h Cp fr ir i orth Croin rt rir
in, ith ipri cooic dirit ncop-in t rh hr th rir t th atntic,
innd cktr p, nd ncint cpr tr
Jt i ptr ro th cot tr-
i tht proid rich hitt or hh, ird i, nd
thrtnd pci ch orhd nd atntic
rn trt,182 th k enr l.. so por
pnt dp it h t into to nind pond on
th nk o stton lk, n ipondnt o Cp
fr tritr approit 160,000 ton o co
h i nrtd ch r nd tord in th to
pond
183
hi h tr rci no trtnt othrthn ttin or it i dichrd into stton lk,
nd th tt-id dichr prit or th stton
pnt ipo no iit on th concntrtion o t
tht dichrd184 accordin to th pnt
on dichr onitorin rport, it dichrd 603
pond o rnic to th rir, on ith 526 pond
o ni in 2012 on
fih in th atntic cn t th oth o th Cp
fr ir contin dnro o rcr, nd r-
idnt nd torit r rnd not to con th185
h rir o th stton Pnt iot tr qit
tndrd or nick nd coppr, nd i n or hr-
tin qtic i186 stton lk, nd hich i rqird
th tt to nd pic hr, i
r popr porthin k, pci drin intr
onth hn th tr i kpt r th pnt
cooin tr dichr unortnt, in rcnt r
th roth poption in th k h ct-
td id, nd th orth Croin widi orc
Coiion h idntid ni contintion
ro th co h pond inicnt contritor to
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7/27/2019 ClosingThe Floodgates - How the Coal Industry is Poisoning Our Water
20/50Closing the Floodgates
nd th Joie 29 ciit dd nothr 26 iion -
on pr d201 h wi Coy Pa, octd on th
Chico snitr & ship Cn, dd ot nothr
iion on pr d o h-contintd t202
frthr dontr, midt gnrtion Poero
pnt nr Pkin, jt oth o Pori cn dp
7 iion on pr d or or o it h-cont-
intd t into th Iinoi ir it203 hr
no tin ct ht i in tht ttr cth copn i not n rqird to onitor or toic
t, incdin rnic nd rcr, hich r con-
tind in co h t204 lk ro Porton h
pond dd to th pro: midt gnrtion on
onitorin t Porton ho hndrd o tt r-
port docntin kin toic ch rnic nd
ni tht r contintin rondtr t
cdin dr nd tt tndrd In 2012, th
Iinoi ePa id otic o viotion or rond -
tr contintion tr ttin o hod nr-
o cdnc o h t incdin rnic nd
ni sr nironnt ornition ch
th sirr C, enironnt Intrit Projct, nd
Priri ir tork d it or n o th
iotion o rondtr tndrd nd iotion o
th tt opn dpin 205 Incrdi, th pnt
it jt ptr o th Porton lk stt fih &
widi ar,206 tt-nd rroir tht pri-
nc h hin prr ro th pic dpit
it do rcptc or cooin tr nd
th por pnt ttr
a thi potion ct pop p nd don th rir
Joc bnhin, or intnc, i nr th Pori
pnt, nd orri ot ht hppnin to hr
rir
The tons of pollutants these power plants
are putting in our river every year have to be
stopped, she says. Dumping pollution into
our river is antiquated. I live in Peoria and half
of our water supply is withdrawn from there.
The public and wildlife depend on the Illinois
River. There is scientic information now on
how small amounts of these heavy metals can
harm public health, especially for children.
We need to require that these power plantsstop using the Illinois River as a dump for their
pollution.
oin grih, ho i nr th Porton pnt in th
conit o Pkin, o nt to th potion
top sh
My family moved here to the Peoria area
in 1986. It is a beautiful area with the bluffs,
trails, and the Illinois River. We own a campsite
along the river and have spent every summer
camping and boating along the water. I have
pit th rnin, Iinoi h not rqird co
pnt to iint thir toic t dichr, or
n to conitnt onitor th th 10 co-rd
por pnt on th Iinoi nd it tritri, on
to o th h nric iit or oron; none o
th h rcr iit, ch iit or rnic,
ni, cdi, d, or othr toic tnc
ond in co h nd crr d193 Indd, not
o th pnt r n rqird to onitor thir
dichr or rcr, nd on on o th onitor
or rnic mot o th ro pnt r ond
jt to copni: n/arn194 nd midt
gnrtion
n/arn pnt on th Iinoi ir or it tri-
tri (incdin th Pin ir nd th Chico
ar wtr st) incd th e edrd nd
Hn ciiti h Iinoi ir p Hnnpin,
rci dichr ro th e edrd ciit t
Pori, nd thn t nothr do o h-contint-
d tr dontr t Hn None o th pnt
h iit or thir dichr o rcr nd othr
h continnt
Iinoi h not pt ciin on th o o t
th pnt cn dichr, or th concntrtion o
toic t in tho t at th ptr nd, th
Hnnpin pnt rport tht it dp ch
thr iion on o -h nd otto-h t
into th rir (thoh thr i no ppr iit on ho
ch it dichr)195 hr r no iit on ht
toic t in th t, nd th copn
dont h to tt or ot o th at t th ci-
it i to onitor or rcr in in r p
ro it iion o on o t, onc r thr
onth196 h e edrd pnt, nt dontr,
h n 89-cr, 32-oot-hih nind co h pond
octd dnro co to th Iinoi ir nd jt
ptr ro rcrtion r hr ii thr,
incdin Pkin lk nd hin it on oth id
o th rir ht pnt rport tht it cn dichr
or thn 4 iion on pr d o h pond t-
tr, continin itr o -h nd otto h-
contintd t197 ht pnt rqird to oni-
tor on or rcr on onth i, nd on hd to
do tht 12 ti or toppin indnit198 frthr
dontr, th Hn pnt dp t t nothr
28 iion on pr d o h t ro its h
pond into th rir n rthr dontr onc
in ithot n onitorin or ot t199
midt gnrtion, nhi, on or pnt
dpin into th Iinoi ir nd it tritri:
uptr o th Iinoi ir, midt gnrtion
Joie 9 ciit rport it cn dichr co to 7
iion on pr d o h-contintd tr200
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21/50Closing the Floodgate
potd tr ro it toic h pond into th loct
fork o th bck wrrior, thoh it dichr cn
ch rtr211 It prit do not rqir onitorin
or h dichr iittion or poion ik rnic,
rcr, nd d212 bt n thoh a dont
kno ct ht i in th ttr ro mir,
potion ro thi por pnt i hin n ipct
so o tho ipct r to : h rock ro
th tr o th dichr r nktd ith
hrd hit nk tht cnt th tothr213 thr
ipct, ik th toic t tht r ik idin p
in th rir t, r hrdr to t no r
h tor i hppnin or on th mrr
fork, hr Pnt gor dp it iion o -
on o t into h pond phitic nd
ttnk lk214 h no tht rk in tht
k o into th rir, t n r o o 20
iion on pr d ht pnt do h onth
(t not trinnt di) iit on rnic potion,
t ck n iit or onitorin or ni, rc-
r, d, thi, cdi, or n othr toic h
t ond in co t215
h bck wrrior i not r ro co pnt potion
rthr dontr, ithr atr in bnkhd
lk nd pin coo, th rir ind
throh ton nd r contr hr, nr th
ton o opoi, a Por reee Coy
pnt it It, too, h n on th dirtit pnt in
th contr d on it dpin o toic co h in
o r,216 nd it ck iit on toic othr thn
nint, onth r rnic iit217
a dic hr in thi rport, t potion
t in rir It k it into th dint, nd
thn into th h nd th othr crtr in th
tr incdin th pop h bck wrrior i n
a trr, oin ro th ndton or
o northrn a throh th od hin pot nd
rroir rond birinh nd coo, nd ot
into th ond o th g Cot It ti to trt
th rir ik th trr it i, nd kp th iion o
on o co h-tintd ttr ro a
Por pnt ot o it
4. environmental injustiCe:Coal Plant Water Pollutionand ineQuality
Co pnt ith tr potion pro r otn
octd in coniti o coor nd coniti ith
or-thn-r inco mr o th co-
niti r otn or dpndnt on hin or ood
thn th ntion r, nin tht contintd
photographs of my son learning to waterski
in the river, with the E.D. Edwards coal plant
looming in the background. I never knew the
millions of gallons of pollution that were be-
ing discharged into the river every single day.
Where were the warning signs?
m grih h qtion: a prin nd r p-
proch, I ondr i it i or i to njo
th otdoor? wi to njo cpin nd
tr port on or ot ithot r o potion in
th tr?
tH lCk w : tC tls n
ls wtws
er r hn th on, hot d o r rri
in a, nr co ro i rond to h
bnkhd lk, rroir on th bck wrrior ir
nr birinh tht i knon or pottd nd r-
oth h nr not kno tht nr,
to i a Por Copn por pnt,
Pa ier nd Pa orga, r contnt ppin
thir co h r nd crr d into h
t oon nt to th k frthr dontr in
grn Cont, third pnt dp n or po-
tion into th rir a Por i od to dp
ot niitd ont o toic ttr ro it
co h oon triht into bnkhd lk, pic
drinkin tr orc or th cit o birinh nd
rrondin r h rt o th bck wrrior
ir por pnt, th mir gnrtin sttion,
dpd or toic h into it h pond thn n
othr pnt in th contr in 2010 wt ro th
mir h pond o riht into bnkhd lk, con-
tintin th tr dontr hr pop otn
o otin nd hin207
h to pnt tht dp thir ttr into
bnkhd lk r oth ond idir o th
ti-iion dor sothrn Copn, t sothrn
h ritd n intnt in cnin p it h
potion t th to pnt In 2010, a pnt
dpd or dnro h t into thir h
pond thn n othr pnt in th contr: or
thn 14 iion pond o toic t208 h mir
pnt on rponi or or thn iion
pond o tht t, kin it th it h po-
tr in th contr tht r209 Pnt gor th
15th ort ot o hndrd o co-rd por pnt
ntionid210
pit thi potion, th tt o a do not
rqir th pnt to onitor or nro toic
h t tpic dichrd into th bck
wrrior, ch to contro th mir ordinr-
i dichr t t iht iion on pr d o
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yt, n th tt o Iinoi in to ddr
k in th h pond, it contin to o conti-
ntd tr in tho pond to o dirct into lk
michin wkn dichr prit, hich i or
thn dcd od, t on coppr nd iron iit or
th 32 iion on pr d o h-contintd
t hich wkn i thorid to dichr,
iin to t n iit or poion ik rnic, rc-
r, nd ni228 a or rcnt drt prit, id
or pic cont in t 2013 rpt thi itk,
in ttin no iit on th toic h t in
wkn h t tr229 yt th pnt i cr-
r tr potion orc: wkn rportd
to th ePa tht it dichrd or thn 1,000 pond
o chic itd on th oic Inntor into
rc tr nr th pnt r r tn 2002
nd 2010230 bc wkn i not n rqird
to onitor toic t dichr, ct r
hihr
hi tr potion i on prt o th pnt toic
c h pnt ittd or thn 11,000 ton pr
r o th-cin r dioid (s2) tn
2007 nd 2010, nd h t to cn p it ir po-
tion midt gnrtion h id it i cn p thi
potion, t n tht not ood n or th
pop o wkn for on thin, th copn i
ik r sornt Injction to ddr s2 po-
tion, tchnoo ho t cn rt incr
th oiit nd oiit o toic in co h, incd-
in rnic nd ni231 I tht t ind p in
wkn h, th pnt dichr i th
or potnt
ntH H & u: ulnl
Cunts nD l Pts
thr por pnt on th aaCP ort ondr
it oo thi dnro pttrn o nct, incd-
in th norh maha pnt in rk nd th iver
oge pnt in michin athoh th pnt
opt to hip thir h hr (hr it hr
othr coniti), thir prit contin to o di-
rct dichr into nr tr hr i no r-
on th prit hod o nchckd dpin
h norh maha por pnt, on th aaCP it o
th ort nironnt jtic ondr,232 i octd
in prdoinnt aricn-aricn conit ith
n th rt o 20 prcnt It i n od, poor-r-
td ciit, ith o prt o th pnt dtin ck
to th 1950233 h pnt it or thn 300 pond
o rcr ch r th 51 co pnt octd in
citi th i o h or ir, th orth h
pnt i th in it rcr ittr234
tr nd h r prticr rio thrt, c-
cordin to th ePa tion enironnt Jtic
adior Conci218 sr pnt cro th contr
itrt thi troin ntion ir
wukn: nDustl Pllutn n tH lk
h cit o wkn, on th cot o lk michin
north o Chico, i orkin c cit ith prod
indtri hrit with r Hipnic nd aricn-
aricn coniti, wkn h dir
poption nd n ni oction on lk michin
unortnt, it indtri hitor h t it ith ri-
o potion pro tht co-rd por i kin
or
ht c o potion incd sprnd it in
wkn hror d to r PCb contin-
tion th rid o nctrin in219 ht
PCb contintion on k h ro crtin prt
o th cit kront n to t,220 t it i not th
on tr qit pro th cit c anothr
rk jt on th cot ro donton, t midtgnrtion waega eeraig saio, n in
co por pnt ho rt nit n oprtin
in th 1920 nd ho crrnt oir r or thn
t r od221
accordin to rcnt aaCP rport, th wkn
pnt i on o th ort nironnt jtic o-
ndr in th ntion222 Pop o coor copri 72
prcnt o th poption ithin thr i o th
pnt, nd th r inco o tht conit i
jt or $16,000 pr r223 schoo nd hopit
octd nr th pnt t contnd ith it potion,hich c tn o iion o dor orth o pic
hth hr r r224
h wkn por pnt h pond it jt o th
horin o th k, nd r rponi or rio
rondtr contintion accordin to th tt,
[]rondtr o i hih dpndnt on th -
tr in th h pond, nin tht continnt
ro th pond ppr to oin into th rond-
tr225 In 2012, th Iinoi enironnt Protction
anc id th pnt otic o viotion or io-
tion o rnic, oron, nn, iron, t, cho-rid, tot diod oid, pH, nd ntion tndrd
in rondtr nr th pond, concdin tht th
iotion hd n cd t kin ro th
h pond226 sr nironnt ornition ch
th sirr C, enironnt Intrit Projct, nd
Priri ir tork d it or n o th
iotion o rondtr tndrd nd iotion o
th tt opn dpin 227
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i t nothr dnr or ridnt o th ir o
Indd, ccordin to th troit irkpr,244 t t
o o thi otto h i not trin r: It i in
dpd nt to th rir not r oth o th ir
o t nothr e enr pnt, rnton Chnn
mn citin o th ir o conit nd
rrondin ton h th troit ir245 Pop o
coor o hin or otn, ccordin to unirit
o michin td, nd th r or ik to tk hho or ood246 ot o th h r to t:
h tt o michin rn int tin tron
nd rhtr dr c o rcr contin-
tion, or intnc, nd h id nkt rnin
int tin ot othr h in th rir247
h otto in i tht co t h no pc n-
hr nr th tr pop dpnd pon, nd r-
tor nd to k r tht th por pnt cn
nr r thir t into th pic tr
ir o nd orth h dnro
prit, nd th onoin potion ro th wknpnt, r jt on or injtic in coniti -
rd orrdnd ith nironnt thrt
5. transFerring PollutantsFrom air to Water
withot n tr potion protction, ort to
cn th ir i trnr ir potnt into th tr
crr d
ood hod kd to k trdo tn
cn ir nd cn tr chnooi it tht n-
co pnt to rdc th ont o t inthir crr t tr nd iint di-
chr o thi t tr to rc tr,248 t
r pnt crrnt th t Intd
th dichr crr ttr to rir nd k
tr th ot ini trtnt scrd pnt in
Pnnni nd orth Croin itrt th ni-
td o th pro
a pri p o th rik pod to th ntion -
tr ncontrod dichr o t crr t-
tr i th rce aed pnt in shippinport,
Pnnni hi i 2740 mw pnt, oprtd firtenr, h thr oir qippd ith t
crr to rdc r dioid ir potion, nd
t hndin t or otto h nd h
for n r, firtenr h nt o th cr-
r ttr nd h hndin tr throh
n-i pipin to th litt b n Co ah
Ipondnt th rt nind h pond in th
unitd stt249 In 2011, firtenr dpd 79,500
pond o rnic nd 26,190 pond o ni
into tht ipondnt250 h potnt nd othr
h pnt c o ir potion, th, nd r-
cr poionin i copondd rio prittin
ir ith rrd to tr potion athoh th
pnt onr, th h Pic Por itrict, it
no nd it h o-it or dr tor, th tt
tr prit or th pnt o it to nd tr ro
it otto h nd co pi rno pond triht into
th miori ir, not r ro th cit tr in-
tk235 h pnt i on rqird to onitor or toic
tnc, incdin rcr nd rnic, onc
r236 hr r no iit on ho ch o th toic
t it cn dichr237
rk do not nd or tr potion ard,
73 trodi in rk r rd o con-
tintd ith rcr tht th tt h rnd
pop ot tin h ro th238 h non-prot
enironnt workin grop h rd rtd
h drinkin tr on th ort in th
contr, d on it chic contnt nd t239
an otto h t ro th orth h pnt
i on dd to th pro hr i no ron to
contin to o th pnt to dipo o anyh-con-
tintd ttr in th miori ir
e iver oge Pa, on th troit ir, o
h n nd prit h pnt i on o n
h indtri ciiti ro oi rnri to t
pnt tht dot th nk in ir o nr troit
h cti potion ro th ciiti o
th ir nd tr or n coniti on th
rir h ir o Pnt, thoh, tnd ot
prticr rio potion orc in it on riht
h oktck o th ir o pnt ri dirct
hind prond, on th nk o th rir o-
third o pop iin nr th pnt r inoriti,
nd thir inco i r o h o th r-
inco in michin240 r 16 iion pond o
hrdo chic r rd in th ir o
conit r r th n h indtri
ciiti thr241
wtr potion ro th pnt cod dd to thi r-
dn, thnk to k prit h ir o Pnt i
thorid to dichr or thn 654 iion on
pr d o ttr into th rir242 h prit it
trtd otto h trnport tr nd trtd
co pi rno contitnt o thi ttr
o thoh it i not cr ho ch o thi po-
tion i in th ttr, nd thr r no iit nd
no onitorin rqird or rnic, ni, rcr,
oron, or othr contitnt o h t243
athoh o r portion o th h tkn
oit nd dpd hr, thi prii prit
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to protct th hio shitin th pro to dirnt
conit prir i no otion
anothr pnt tht rd r it co h t
to lb i th 50-r od iche Poer saio
nr e, Pnnni In J 2013 firtenr
nnoncd pnt to rtir th mitch pnt, t th
ciit h n potin oc tr or dcd
h mitch pnt h t crr t nd
dichr crr ttr into th mononhir r i ptr ro th intk or th
Pnnni-aricn wtr Copn h mon,
it i ctiont knon thond o ridnt
on it nth, o ot o th ontin o wt
virini nd join th hio ir in Pittrh hi
rir i th hrt o othtrn Pnnni, th n-
in o th rion conoic roth or hndrd o
r, nd th orc o drinkin tr or or thn
800,000 pop sd, c o ndond in
nd ncontrod indtri dichr n tht or
ot o th rir nth, tr qit i not or
drinkin nd rcrtion259
h mitch pnt tr dichr prit pird in
1996 nr 20 r o It i prhp not rpri-
in thn, tht thi prit ttr i to protct th
mononh ro th toic ttr prodcd
th mitch pnt nd it t crr t h
ot tht nd th pnt crr ttr into
th mononh h no iit on t coon
ond in co cotion t, nor n onitorin
rqirnt260 anothr ot t th mitch pnt
dp cht ro n h nd into Ptr Crk,
tritr o th mononh whi th mitch
pnt pird prit rqir onitorin o oron
nd in dichr, th prit ipo no iit
on th ont o th t tht cn dichrd
into Ptr Crk261 h ePa propod r n-
id in it tront or od rqir th oprtor
to inicnt rdc t concntrtion in thi
dichr tr rthr thn r onitor tho
potnt
h pproit 400 mw hevie pnt, on orth
Croin frnch brod ir, proid tt c or
ho t crr t incr th toicit o
co pnt ttr dichr In 2005 nd 2006,
k enr ddd t crr to th to nit
t th ahi pnt or r dioid contro h
ttr ro th crr i trtd in n onit
rtici tnd, nd thn nt to hodin pond
hr it i id ith h nd otto h hndin
tr h ttr prit o th ahi
pnt to dp ro thi hodin pond into th frnch
brod ir ith no iit on th t coon
ond in crr d nd co h ttr,
toic t ch oron nd odn r
thn dpd into litt b n str nd mi
Crk, tit kin thir to th hio ir
Pnnni rtor h idntid litt b n,
mi Crk nd trtch o th hio ir tr-
tht r not or qtic i d to ittion,
pH nd t251 Pnnni oci h did
conit r to iit thir conption o h
cht in th hio ir, in prt d to concrn ot
hihtnd o rcr252
h brc mnd pnt oprt ndr n pird
Pes prit tht ipo no dichr iit or
onitorin rqirnt or n o th t hr
tr ntr litt b n str nd mi Crk253
firtenr on onitorin rport r concntr-
tion o oron t th litt b n str rc
tr onitorin ttion oction idit don-
tr o th ipondnt dichr (sw-3) hihr
thn th chronic Pnnni tr qit critrion
or oron in qrtr tn 2006 nd 2012254
rin thi ti priod, concntrtion o oron
n cdd th ct Pnnni tr qit
critrion or oron t sw-3 in 9 o 22 qrtr255 and
in th on qrtr o i dt or ni ro
sw-3 in th t r, ni cdd th
chronic Pnnni tr qit critrion256 ot,
firtenr i not rqird to onitor or co
h nd crr d potion t thi onitorin
oction
trd th tr contintion t litt b
n, th conit ornid to ht n pn-
ion o th dipo it nd d it ndr th
Cn wtr act In rpon, Pnnni rtor
h rqird cor o th kin ipondnt
2016 nd o cnp o p nd rond-
trfirtenr no pn to trnport co h
nd crr ttr nr 100 i prir
on thond o ncord r pr r to n-
othr nind, cti co h dpit in lb,
Pnnni257 lb rondtr nd rc
tr r rd contintd k ro thi
co h dp, nd c n o th orkin
c ridnt o tht ton hnt or ood, th r
o pod to io-cctin t ch
ni throh ht th t258
h incrdi o nd toicit o ttr
nrtd th crr t th brc mnd
pnt dnd co crtin nd cr hndin, t
Pnnni prittin thoriti h not ipod
n iit or rqird n kind o cti trtnt
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h xc Comache pnt in Po, Coordo, h
thr r co-rnin oir o o th oir
r it in th 1970, nd th third it in 2010
a o th oir rn co roht in ro i
trip in in woin, prodcin or thn 300,000
ton o co h in in r267 h pnt t
h hndin t to coct h nd otto h
nd thn o thi co h tr throh ri
o thr ttin pond268 pit idnc tht h
hndin tr contin inicnt ont o toic
t nd oid, thr r no iit on n o th
t in th ttr dichrd into th st
Chr ir269 h ck o iit on ni di-
chr i n or ppin conidrin tht th st
Chr i ipird or ni, nin tht th rir
i not tin tr qit tndrd or thi pot-
nt270 within i o th Conch pnt, th
st Chr o into th arkn ir, nd tht por-
tion o th arkn ir i o iin to t tr
qit tndrd or ni nd t271
h tr dichr prit or th Conch pnt
rqir onitorin or o t t th in h
ot, t ipo no iit on th concntrtion
o tho t in th dichr272 whi onitor-
in i n iportnt rt tp, ncontrod dichr
o th t into n ipird tr i dnr-
o nd contrr to th Cn wtr act nc
trod i dintd ipird, th tt t
dtrin th tot i di od (ml) o
th prticr potnt tht th trod i to
or nd ti cop ith tr qit tndrd
Hor, th tt o Coordo h not t dopd
ml or ni in th st Chr ir or in th
arkn ir dontr o th connc ith
th st Chr, nd i oin th Conch pnt to
dichr co h ttr into thi ipird rir
ith no iit t on ni
h arkn ir i jor -hin dtin-
tion in Coordo, nd orc o tori inco nd
rcrtion or r ridnt bc hih o
ni r ipir rprodction in h, -
ni iit t ipod on jor orc ik
Conch o tht th st Chr nd arkn ir
cn contin to pport ndnt h poption
moror, tr rorc in thi prt o Coordo r
incrdi prcio, pci conidrin th cp-
tion droht th r i no princin h ri-
r hod trtd ik th indipn rorc
th r
anothr pri hin dtintion, th yoton
ir in montn, i o thrtnd co h
dichr h yoton rn or or thn 500
othr thn rcr262 accordin to th pnt on
rportin, it dichrd 324 pond o rnic nd 564
pond o ni in 2012263
h on to ndrtnd ho th rtici
tnd trtnt t i orkin i onitorin
pror o toic t hr th h pond dp
into th frnch brod jt in p tkn
onc onth264 In ct, th tr potion pro t
ahi h inicnt ornd inc th cr-r r ddd a td don cintit t k
unirit coprd potnt od in th h pond
dichr t ahi or nd tr th t cr-
r n oprtin, nd ond tht th ont o
potnt ch rnic nd ni dichrd to
th frnch brod ir drtic incrd tr
th crr r intd265 h td rportd
tht p coctd drin th r o 2011 ro
ind crr nd co h t oin to th
frnch brod ir contind rnic t or
ti hihr thn th ePa drinkin tr tndrd,
nd ni 17 ti hihr th nc tn-
drd or qtic i Cdi, ntion, nd thi
r o dtctd in th ttr t o
hn nd qtic i nchrk266
Cr, or t don to rdc potion ro
th ahi crr t h ePa h idnti-
d trtnt thod tht cn iint or t t
chi ch or o toic t ro cr-
r t tr, nd t pp th to co-
rnin pnt ith crr t, incdin r-
ti pnt ik ahi tht h n otid
ipct on trrd rir
h pnt r jt p: a cro th contr,
crr r oin in nd incrd tr po-
tion oo, ithot ort to tihtn prit iit
soktck crr r ood n or th ir,
nd th cn ood n or th tr, too, i th
ePa pt tron contro in pc or trtnt o
thi t o conit hod h it trhd
contintd th potion tht it onc
orcd to rth
6. Polluting Water in the arid West
h crii o rondtr nd rc tr conti-
ntion ncontrod dichr o toic t i
not iitd to th ttr trn h o or con-
tr h tr o th trn unitd stt r o
rdnd th toic dichr, hich i th
or troin conidrin th crcit o tr in th
rion nd th rpid roin poption Pnt in
Coordo nd montn itrt th pro o co
tr potion in th wt
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7. tvas toxiC legaCy:the ash Pond Clean-uP Problem
Hndrd o co t pond, hodin iion o
pond o toic h nd crr d, dot th
contr, poin r nd prnt dnr to pic
hth278 r hndrd o th it h n
hon to h dd rondtr rorc, nd
thi knon d i pro jt th tip o th ic-
r279 h ePa propod co tr potion rcod, i nid in thir tront or, top cop-
ni ro dpin n or t into th pond
bt n i th do, th pond th i rin
n r-prnt thrt to coniti cro aric
h ePa cn nd hod in to thi pro
toppin continin o th pond, t t r,
ocd on pond cor, i tit ndd to
o it
ohr i thi prin pro crr thn on
th pnt o th nn v athorit (va)
va h contind to in pond throhot itt dpit cin th it co h pi in
us hitor in cr 2008, hn drd c t
it h pond cop t va kigo, nn,
pnt id, piin roh 54 iion cic rd o
h into th eor ir nd rin 26 ho280
accordin to va on Inpctor gnr, va iht
h n to prnt th pi hd it hdd d-
cd o rnin ot th pond tiit281 a dr
cort rcnt hd va i or it cr ir
to protct th pic282 cor t Kinton o
contin, ith or cnp ctiiti rcnt
concdin, t th tr rond th pnt rin
contintd, ith h rinin in dint t th
rir otto
n iht think va nd th tt rtor tch-
in or it pnt od h rnd ro thi pri-
nc bt chn h n o in coin Incrdi,
th stt o nn contin to o va to
dichr t ro Kinton to th rir ithot
n prit iit or dnro t in th h nd
crr d t th it283
hi cir ttitd tord co h i th r, notth cption h va Inpctor gnr rport
tht va intrn ctr ritnt to trtin
h nnt ch or thn tkin ot th
r, iin to trt it ik th hrdo t
tht it r i284 stt rtor h n jt
athoh indpndnt trctr ninr h ond
tnti p nd k t th jorit o va
rinin h pond,285 va h not cod it pond,
nd tt rtor contin to o th pond
i throh th hrt o th tt, proidin drink-
in tr or it citi, irrition or r, nd prior
hin opportniti a th rir pproch biin,
it ttn ot, r p, nd proid cnt r-
tr nin or , northrn pik, nd cth
Indd, r trtch o th rir dontr o th
J.. Coree pnt i cid rion tr
or hin hi trtch o th yoton ir rin
tnti tori rn to th rion throh
dck- nd oo-hntin otttr nd trip to
Pop Pir tion monnt, ndton
on th nk o th rir rin th nrd in-
tr o Cptin wii Crk, o th li nd Crk
pdition
unortnt, th yoton i contintd
h pond dichr ro th Cortt por pnt,
oprtd Pnnni Por & liht montn
idir, PPl montn h Cortt pnt rn ri
trin cr o woin co r hor,273 prodc-
in pproit 32,000 ton o otto h ch
r, continin 38 ton o h t274 h ot-
to h tr i tord onit in pond or in
dichrd to th yoton ithot n iit on
n toic or t tht contind in tht
otto h tr h montn Potnt ichr
eiintion st prit hich i iht r or-
d or rn ipo iit on on oi nd r,
nd tot pndd oid275
h montn prtnt o enironnt Qit h
d th yoton ir ptr nd don-
tr o th Cortt pnt hi ntir ction o th
yoton h n dd not it or qtic
i nd prir contct rcrtion, ch i-
in276 bo th Cortt pnt, th rir do not
t tr qit tndrd or rnic, rndrin th
rir nit drinkin tr pp athoh
montn eQ ttrit th rnic ipirnt to
ntr c, th ction o th rir tht i ipird
in riht rond th Cortt pnt,277 hich i r-
in ntrtd otto h ttr knon to
contin rnic dirct into th rir
h yoton ir proid drinkin tr nd
irrition pp or iion o cr o rnd
dontr o biin Contintion o th rir ith
rnic nd othr co h contitnt incr trt-
nt cot or drinkin tr, nd drd on o
montn ot trrd rorc
-
7/27/2019 ClosingThe Floodgates - How the Coal Industry is Poisoning Our Water
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mn othr va h pond it on iir dnr-
o rond so va ciiti contin to ch nd
k n on tr cor at th an pnt, va
cknod tht k ro it h ciiti h con-
tintd rondtr on th hor o nr
lk mcKr295 ht pro ri in prt ro
on-cod, no ot dr pond hich va intin
i ti cord dichr prit hich n,
ndr nn intrprttion o it t , tht
va nd not r ho tht th drin h dp
copi ith th tt nd t tndrd296
h rt i tht oth th cod pond nd th cti
pond contin to contint tr ppi, ithot
nin contro ndr ithr t or r
thr va ciiti r n or prcrio: it
oon-to-co Johovie pnt, or intnc, dp
it h on n rtici ah Ind in th idd o th
nn ir, rind nt dik ittion
o nccpt tht va h prioritid th it or
cnp to rt potnti Kinton-ik ditr297
en ithot pi, contintd h tr ch
triht into th rir ro th pond, nd i kp
doin o n i th pond r cod298 hr, nd
throhot th t, h pond ri rio pic
t concrn
va h id tht it intnd to co it pond o-
ti in th nt dcd nd i rd orkin tord
tht o t o pnt bt va oci id th
thin or thn tnt r o nd id
to tk ction in opn th Kinton pond
tht nt copd nd pid into th eor
ir299 bc thr r not tron dr tndrd
or t hndin, nd va cor pn hnt
n ittd to th pic or cont nd ri,
it r ro cr tht pond cor i nd
cr, or tht th i hppn qick, to protct
th pic h tr potion tndrd i hp dr
th h t it p, t thr or ork to do
to cn th p prnnt
8. Coal in the Water,Coast to Coast
h tori o contintd rir nd od
ch, k t it nd prittd poionin,
r jt p o th ntion