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Cloning Unit 2 Slide 2 Great inventions in the 20th century Nuclear bomb Slide 3 Slide 4 The sheep, Dolly, was ______ while the others were born naturally. cloned Slide 5 Dolley and the Father of Dolley Ian Wilmut ( English ) Slide 6 What is cloning? It is a way of making an exact _____ of another animal and plant. copy ______ identical Slide 7 Clone, also called reproduce asexually ( / ), is the creation of cells or whole animals using DNA from a single parent, without using the normal sexual ( ) process. The clone has the same DNA to the parent. Slide 8 clone Natural clone Man-made clone Slide 9 Which of the followings are natural clones? Dolly the sheep A strawberry plant Cuttings from growing plants A strawberry plant Natural clone one that occurs from the parent in a natural form of cloning without human help. Man-made clone one that produced through human intervention( ). Slide 10 A strawberry plant Slide 11 They are identical in sex and appearance. They are natural clones They are not clones Slide 12 A pigeon pair is an example of natural clone. T or F Slide 13 Reading Cloning : Where is it leading us? Slide 14 True or False 1.Cloning means making a copy of an animal or a plant. 2.Garderners can make a lot of money by cloning plants. 3.Cloning animals is as complicated as cloning plants. 4.Dolly the sheep was the first successful clone of a mammal. 5.Natural clones happen in animals as well as in plants F T F T T Slide 15 The main idea of the text is____ A. animal cloning is very valuable and can benefit the world. B. animal cloning could be misused by bad people so it must be forbidden C. animal cloning is well developed because Dolly the sheep was born. D. animal cloning raised arguments and scientists are not sure about its future. Slide 16 Read the letter again, then try to find the main idea of each paragraph. 1.Cloning is ______________________________ 2.Cloning has ____________ uses. 3.The _________ of Dolly. 4. The ________ of Dolly. 5. It is __________ to clone human beings. a way of making an exact copy of another animal and plant. problems two major effect forbidden impact Slide 17 What is cloning? It is a way of making an exact _____ of another animal and plant. copy Slide 18 What are the two major uses of cloning? How does the author compare cloning plants and animals? 1.To produce commercial quantities of plants. 2.It is valuable for research on new plant species and medical research on animals. Cloning plants: _________________________ Cloning animals: _________________________ _________________________ straightforward complicated, difficult to undertake, failed Slide 19 Dolly Time: _____________ Place: _____________ Scientist:___________ 1996 Scotland Ian Wilmut The determination and patience paid off Slide 20 Slide 21 Slide 22 True of false 1.Four female sheep participate in the cloning of a new sheep. 2.Sheep B provides a somatic cell for the clone. 3.The lamb is the exact copy of sheep A. F T F Slide 23 What encouraged the whole scientific world? The fact that Dolly seemed to develop normally. The trouble 1, illnesses were more appropriate to 2, have a shorter length of life than 3, the same arbitrary fate affected other species Slide 24 The impact of Dolly the sheep Her appearance raise a storm of _________ and had a great impact on the _______ and public ___________. It opened everybodys eyes to the __________ of using cloning to cure ______________ and even produce ___________. objections media imagination possibility serious illnesses human beings The cloning of Dolly is ____________ controversial Slide 25 Arguments on cloning 1.Evil leaders 2.Religious leaders 3.Some governments 4.Scientists 5.Other countries like China and UK A. Continue to accumulate evidence B. Clone themselves to attain their ambitions C.Reform legal systems and forbade research D. Raised moral questions E. Wonder whether cloning will help or harm us B D C E A Slide 26 What is the writers attitude towards cloning? A.The writer is against cloning. B.The writer is in favor of cloning. C.The writer is indifferent to cloning. D.The writer is impartial to cloning. The text is in the third person and in formal and factual language. The writer didnt state any personal opinion about cloning. It gives different points of view and does not try to persuade the reader to a particular point of view. It leaves the reader to make up his or her own mind. Slide 27 Exercise : Reproductive cloning is intended to produce a c___ of an existing a_____ or a plant. Reproductive cloning of animals is a______for technology and farming as well as for cloning e_________ animals. But reproductive cloning of human beings is specifically f________ by law in most c_______. opynimal ndangered llowed orbidden ountries Slide 28 Therapeutic ( ) cloning is to produce a healthy copy of a s___ persons tissue ( ) or organ for transplant in order to save the lives of those who would d__ without it. This t________ would be many times better than r_____ on organ transplants from other people. The tissue or organ would have the sick person's original DNA. ick ie echnique elying Slide 29 Useful Expressions differ from/with make an exact copy of to be exact/ exactly be identical to/ with commercial center a straightforward process undertake research make a breakthrough cast down Slide 30 the disturbing news accumulate experience raise a storm of objections have a great impact on open ones eyes moral question/ issuer evil leaders be appropriate to/for forbid research a retired worker object to Slide 31 be bound to do from tine to time bring back to life resist the pressure extinct/ endangered animals be in favor of a heated/ fierce debate the chances are that experiment with reasonable ideas Slide 32 Warming up 1. In pairs, look at these pictures and discuss which ones are natural clones and which ones are man- made. Explain how they differ. differ vi. , , , , (1)A differs from B (2)sb. differ from / with sb. on/ about sth. (3) A and B differ in Slide 33 (1) Her method doesnt differ much from mine. (2) Modern airplanes differ from early ones in many ways. (3) , I differ with him on how to solve the problem. (4) , They differ with each other on moral standards. Slide 34 (1)We differ _____________ him ____________ that question. (2) The two nations differ ______ culture and religion. (3) The climate here differ _______________ that of the South. difference n. , , , , different adj. from /with on / about in from/ with Slide 35 Cloning has always been with us and is here to stay. be /come here to stay Eg. . _____________________________________________ , . _____________________________________________ The new ideas have come to stay. Dont worry. This time I will be here to stay. Slide 36 It is a way of making an exact copy of another animal and plant. A. exact adj. , , , (1) What were his exact words? (2) I dont know the exact size of the room. B. exactly adv. , , (3) Thats exactly what I expected. (4) Youve arrived at exactly the right moment. C. exactly speaking D. 4 . Please make four copies of this ID card. Slide 37 It also happens in animals when twins identical in sex and appearance are identical adj. ( with / to ) , (1) These two designs are almost identical. (2) My opinion is identical with his. (3) This picture is identical to the one my mother has. identify v. identification n. identity n. (ID card) Slide 38 Cloning plants is straightforward but the cloning of animals is more complicated. straightforward adj. , , ; , (1)The question is quite straightforward; why cant you answer it? (2) At least he was quite straightforward about it, you cant say he was trying to deceive you. Slide 39 It is a difficult task to undertake. undertake sth. undertake to do sth. / undertake that (1) I will undertake the responsibility for the failure. (2) . He undertook to be our guide. (3) . I cant undertake you that Ill finish it in time. Slide 40 (1) He will ___________________ next month ( ). (2) He ______________________ ( ). undertake a journey undertook a new task Slide 41 Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. then, now, here, there, up, down, in, away, off, out (1) In came a woman. (2) Out rushed the children. (3) Away he went. Slide 42 disturb vt. , , disturbed adj. , , disturbing adj. / disturb, disturbing, disturbed (1) Im very __________ about Alice. (2) Dont _________ the papers on my desk. (3) This country is in a ____________ state. (4) What ____________ news it is! (5) A light wind ___________ the surface of the water. disturbed disturb disturbing disturbed Slide 43 Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dollys illness were more appropriate to a much older animal. 1) cast down feeling unhappy and depressed , , be cast down = feel discouraged /down / blue (1) He was much cast down by the failure of the experiment. (2) Dont be so cast down. Just keep up your spirits. (3) The girl cast down her eyes when she was blamed for breaking the vase. (4) Don' t cast away these old papers; they might be useful. Slide 44 (1) ___________________________________ (2) _____________________________________ He was cast down to hear the news. Finding out the truth made him cast down. Slide 45 2) be appropriate to: be suitable for a particular person, condition, occasion or place; fitting (1) Write in a style appropriate to your subject. (2) Ordinary shoes are not appropriate to paddy fields. Slide 46 Altogether Dolly lived for six years, altogether adv. Altogether the centre lost more than 1,000 trees in the hurricane. How much will it be altogether? Altogether, our achievements are great. (completely) Hes not altogether sure what to do. Slide 47 all together altogether There were altogether/ all together 40 students in the class. all together , , altogether They came all together. altogether all together Its altogether out of the question. I dont altogether agree with you. Slide 48 On the other hand, Dollys appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination. appearance [c] , ;[c/ u] , (1) The sudden appearance of a policeman caused the thief to run away. (2) Dont judge by appearance --- appearance can be misleading. ---- appear vi. , , , , Slide 49 a storm of: sudden violent outburst or display of strong feeling a storm of tears a storm of protest /applause /cheers/ arrows / / / take by storm take the enemys fortress by storm Slide 50 objection n. 1) I feel a strong objection to _________ early. 2) Do you have any objection to ___________ the window? 3) My main objection to the plan is that it costs too much. getting up my opening object vi. 1) We object to being treated like this. 2) I object to the plan. 3) I object that he is too young to take that position. Slide 51 I object that he is too young to take that position. Tell me the names of the objects in this room. Her only object in life is to be a fashion model. The word apple is used as the object in the sentence. object v. Slide 52 have /make a strong/ great impact on / 1) This book made a great impact on its readers. 2) . The anti-smoking campaign has had quite an impact on young people. Slide 53 Governments became nervous and many forbade research into human cloning. forbid vt. forbade / forbad, forbidden, forbidding Smoking should be forbidden in public places. The king forbids us from going out. forbid sth. doing sth. sb. to do sth. from doing sth. sb. sth. that Slide 54 Her father forbid her wine. = Her father forbid her to drink wine. The law forbids building on this land. (1) The school ___________________________ ( ). (2) He is forbidden to ______________________ ( ). forbids the students to smoke enter the room Slide 55 Page 12 Is it in favour of cloning or against cloning? ? in favour of (1) The score was 80 to 78 in favour of the guest team. 80 78 (2) The exchange rate is in our favour today. Slide 56 in favour of , , against (1) ______________________________ ________ (2) _______________________ The court decided in favour of the Is he in favour of the plan? old man. Slide 57 Page 13. owe vi./vt. 1.owe sb. Sth\money =~ sth to sb \ =to need to pay or give something to someone because they have lent money to you, or in exchange for something they have done for you: I owed $20 to the tailor. You owe me an apology. I owe you my thanks. Slide 58 2. owe sth. to sb. =to have success, happiness, a job, etc. only because of what someone has given you or done for you or because of your own efforts: I owe my success to my education. He owes his life to the staff at the hospital. I owe everything (= I am very grateful) to my parents. 3. owing to= because of Owing to the rain, the match was cancelled. Slide 59 P.14 be bound to (1) The weather is bound to get better tomorrow. (2) I feel bound to tell you that you are drinking too much. Slide 60 Dolly the sheep became a scientific b____________ when the news that she had been born was a__________ in 1997. However, the problem that she later developed a serious lung disease b________ scientists. On 14th February 2003 scientists made the decision that Do0lly should be put to sleep. Dollys death, like her birth, was b_______ to raise worries. The fact that Dolly died when she was quite young d___________ people the world over. Scientists hold the belief that cloning may lead to many important scientific breakthroughs and medical treatments. But now the question comes to their minds, Did she die young because she was a clone?Besides that, there is also a f________debate over the question whether human cloning experiments should be allowed. Scientists believe human cloning is just a matter of time but the a____________ that human clones have already been born hasnt been proved yet. reakthrough nnounced othered ound isappointed ierce ssumption Slide 61 Use the proper phrases to fill in the blanks: cast down pay off in favour of from time to time be bound to 1. She was _________ by her husbands death. 2. My uncle comes to have dinner with us ________________. cast down from time to time 3. He has been working so hard at his lessons, so he ___________ pass the exam this time. 4. Finally his efforts ________. 5. All of them were strongly __________ the project. is bound of paid off in fovour of Slide 62 The Return of The Dinosaurs? Slide 63 1.The writer of the text_____ A.is excited by the possibility of cloning fierce and extinct animals B. believes that extinct animals can be brought back to life by cloning C. thinks it impossible or unsuitable to clone extinct animals like dinosaurs D. dreams of dinosaurs returning to the earth Slide 64 2. We can infer from the text that____ A. scientists are experimenting to clone dinosaurs B. dinosaurs will never return to the earth C. cloned animals will only live in the zoo D. the DNA of dinosaurs can only survive 10 000 year Slide 65 Step 2 Read and ansower 1.Why shouldt you clone an extinct animal unless there is enough diversity in the group? 2.Why is it wrong to clone an extinct animal if it would have to live in a zoo? 3.Why cant you clone the DNA of animals that have been extinct longer than 10,000 years? Slide 66 1.Why shouldt you clone an extinct animal unless there is enough diversity in the group? There will not be enough genetic variation in the group to be able to resist new illnesses. Slide 67 2. Why is it wrong to clone an extinct animal if it would have to live in a zoo? It is not a good idea to clone an animal that would have to live in a zoo because it is not a suitable habitat to develop and increase its numbers.The zoo is not a natural environment for a wild animal. Slide 68 3. Why cant you clone the DNA of animals that have been extinct longer than 10,000 years? The DNA of animals more than 10,000 years old is not suitable for cloning,for it cant survive so long. Slide 69 1.the possibility/chance of fierce and extinct animals strike a mixture of fear and excitement into sb. a long way from 2. from time to time with what we know now 3. in vain overcome/resist illness pass on the ability to the next generation a suitable habitat / / Slide 70 Step 3 discussing May the best animal win ! Which extinct animals are worth restoring by means of cloning? Choose one and use the information to help you argue why this animal should be restored to the earth. Slide 71 1. From time to time people suggest that the animals that have disappeared from the earth, like dinosaurs, can possibly be brought back to life through cloning. , , Slide 72 from time to time , , , = occasionally, now and then. He comes here from time to time. The car manufacturers changed the car models from time to time. Slide 73 (1) ________________________________ ____________ (2) ____________________________ He becomes quite unreasonable from They quarrel from time to time. time to time. Slide 74 bring back to life They used artificial respiration to bring the swimmer back to life. Anyway he was dead, we could not bring him back to life. bring back to health Slide 75 2....but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to their children....... Slide 76 resist : , ; , ; ( cannot, could not ) , Slide 77 They resisted the attack. She resisted being carried off. She could not resist the temptation. Slide 78 1. The popularity of the film Jurassic Park, in which a scientist clones several different kinds of extinct dinosaurs, proves how interested ordinary people are in the subject. Slide 79 , in which , how Slide 80 2. It is useless to clone an animal if there is not enough diversity in the group for it to overcome illnesses. , , , it Slide 81 3. Diversity in a group means having animals with their genes arranged in different ways. with their genes arranged in different ways ,in different ways Slide 82 Great Auk (1844) Auroch (1627) Dodo bird (1755) Quagga (1883) Slide 83 I have chosen the second one--- Dodo bird. I think my choice is the best for the fellow reasons: Firstly, the Dodo bird is friendly and not harmful. Then the human beings wouldn't be afraid of it. And humans would be friends with them. Secondly, Dodo bird 's large eggs and tasty meat that could be developed for food. If it is necessary, humans can take the advantage of these. Slide 84 Step 4 writing Paragraph1: the topic of the debate and who won Paragraph2: the ideas of the winning side Paragraph3: the ideas of the other side Paragraph4: conclusion and your reaction to the debate, together with any idea you feel they left out. Slide 85 A sample version: Should Medical Cloning be Allowed A Debate at Xinhua Middle School Yesterday there was a very exciting debate at Xinhua Middle School about whether medical cloning should be allowed or not.After a lively discussion a vote was taken and the side arguing for medical cloning won. The arguments for medical cloning were very strongly put by the team supporting the motion. They argued that serious il- ln-esses and people who w losing their ability to move or think could be helped by medical cloning. They explained that the procedures would be safe, quick and with no problems for the patients. They quoted that 67% of American citizens are for it to support their idea. Their arguments were very convincing. Slide 86 The arguments put by the team opposing medical cloning were less strong. They argued in two ways. The first reason was that the procedures were not yet secure. Their second reason was that it took many tries and many potential animals had to be killed to produce one useable embryo for research. They explained that man European countries dont allow medical cloning research because of this. They quoted Pope John Paul . But their arguments were not so convincing. At the end of the debate the audience we left with a feeling of hope. They realized that diseases that seem terrible today may be able to be cured soon. Many people were excited and happy when they left they Hall.The writer of this article was among them! Slide 87 1. ordinary people ; 2.from time to time , , 3.bring back to life 4.in vain 5. pass on 6. the same arrangement of genes 7. die of 8. be based on , Slide 88 9....but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to their children....... resist : , ; , ; ( cannot, could not ) , Slide 89 5. pay off 1. to pay back money that you owe: pay sth off We should be able to pay off the debt within two years. 2. If something you have done pays off, it is successful: All her hard work paid off in the end, and she finally passed the exam. pay sb off to give someone money so that they will not do or say something, or so that they will go away: There were rumours that key witnesses had been paid off to keep quiet. Slide 90 Will cloning help or harm us? In my opinion From where I stand I hold the view that As far as I am concerned I would never accept the idea that Personally, I dont think it is Slide 91 Which of the following are natural clones? Dolly the sheep A strawberry plant Growing new plants Twins A strawberry plant Twins Natural clone one that occurs from the parent in a natural form of cloning without human help. Man-made clone one that produced through human intervention( ). Slide 92 Ianwilmut Slide 93 ___ Cloning has two major uses. ___ Cloning is a way of making an exact copy of another animal and plant. ___ The effect of Dolly. ___ Arguments on cloning. ___ The problems of Dolly. 1 2 3 4 5 Read the text and find the main idea of each paragraph.