climbeco phd course module 1 session 2

14
Dr. Joshka Wessels Module 1 Scales in Environmental Governance Session 2: introduction to scales

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Module 1 Session 2 of climBEco PhD course, Lund University

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Page 1: ClimBEco PhD course Module 1 session 2

Dr. Joshka Wessels

Module 1Scales in Environmental Governance

Session 2: introduction to scales

Page 2: ClimBEco PhD course Module 1 session 2

Save the Planet !

• Do we own the planet or does the planet own us ?

• Does the environment unite (peace) or divide (war) ?

• How can we work together peacefully to save ourselves without relying heavily on (human) engineering ?

• Adaptation or mitigation ?

• Altruism or selfishness ?

Page 3: ClimBEco PhD course Module 1 session 2

The problem of fit

• Ecosystems: life support systems, dynamically variable systems, spatially heterogeneous systems, complex and evolving systems

• Lack of fit between conventional management institutions and ecosystem properties

• Disturbance; Human beings

Page 4: ClimBEco PhD course Module 1 session 2

Anthropogenic disturbances

“Many human activities (e.g., aquifer depletion, wetland drainage) serve to divert water to the ocean that would otherwise have been stored on the continents. Dam building, on the other hand, impound continental runoff that would otherwise have been transported to and stored in the ocean. The balance between these positive and negative alterations can be used as a measure of net anthropogenic disturbance to the global hydrologic cycle”.

Vörösmarty & Sahagian

Page 5: ClimBEco PhD course Module 1 session 2

Scales and levels

“With the growing realization that the insights of social science are crucial to understanding the relationships between people and the natural environment, it is necessary for social scientists to identify more clearly the effects of diverse levels on multiple scales in their own analyses, to comprehend how other social scientists employ diverse kinds of levels and scales, and to begin a dialogue with natural scientists about how different conceptions of scales and levels are related”

IHDP (International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change) 1998

Page 6: ClimBEco PhD course Module 1 session 2

Scales and levels• Scale

• Extent

• Resolution

• Grain

• Hierarchy

• Inclusive Hierarchy

• Exclusive Hierarchy

• Constitutive Hierarchy

• Levels

• Absolute Scale

• Relative Scale

Page 7: ClimBEco PhD course Module 1 session 2

Scales and levels

• Natural sciences

• Social sciences

• Functionalism, analysis, governance of conflict, hegemony and counter-hegemony, complex systems, rational choice, cognitive theory

• Multiple meanings:

– spatial extent (observational scale)

– resolution of data (measurement scale)

– spatial extent of process (operational scale)

– dimensions of maps (cartographic scale)

Page 8: ClimBEco PhD course Module 1 session 2

Scales and levels

• Atmosphere

• Terrestrial vegetation

• Animal populations

• Watersheds

• Groundwater

• Oil and gas fields

• Forest size

• Ethnic groups

• Language groups

Page 9: ClimBEco PhD course Module 1 session 2

Spatial levels of political jurisdiction

Constitutional choice level

Collective choice level

Operational choice level

International Treaties, charters

External international agency

Management and supervision of international agencies

National Constitutions National legislature

National governance

Regional Provincial or federal state

Regional focus legislature, civil society

Regional elected representatives

Community County, city, village

Community policy

Local projects and initiatives

Household Family, responsibility and duties

Household policy and culture

Income, time management, private initiative

Page 10: ClimBEco PhD course Module 1 session 2

Local Governance

“Structures and processes of societal decisionmaking at the local level” (Helmsing, 2002)

Environmental problems and nesting ?

Role of globalisation processes ?

Scale and explanation of causal processes ?

Page 11: ClimBEco PhD course Module 1 session 2

Global to Local and Vice Versa

• When is the local reaching the global and when is the global reaching the local ?

Page 12: ClimBEco PhD course Module 1 session 2

Global to Local and Vice Versa

HOME:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqxENMKaeCU

AGE OF STUPID:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XpSdPP9b0pc

SAVE LOCAL, SOLVE GLOBAL:

http://www.thewaterchannel.tv/es/videos/categorias/viewvideo/222/integrated-water-resource-management/water-save-local-solve-global

Page 13: ClimBEco PhD course Module 1 session 2

Groups A and B

A: Emil Dickson, Fika Lutengano Mwakabungu, Jurate Miliute-Plepiene, Lina Herbertsson, William Davis, Lovisa Nilsson

B: Emma Li Johansson, Hanna Alfredsson, Karmen Sumic Lina Eklund, Natalya Yakusheva, Nina Weitz, Satu Kapiainen

Page 14: ClimBEco PhD course Module 1 session 2

Group exercise (one hour)

• Write as many environmental spaces and places you can think of, each on a separate post-it note (10 mins).

• Write as many levels and scales you can think of (local, regional, national etc.) (10 mins)

• Group the environmental spaces according to best levels of governance, if there are interlinkages include those too.

(15 mins)

• Prepare and present results to the other group and discuss (20 mins)