climatic factors and mosquito species

Climatic Factors and Mosquito Species in Rural and Urban Areas at Kantharom District, Srisaket Province

Students: Jirasak Chaichana, Panida Promson, Patamaporn Singhansaree, AthitReangthogn, Surapon Noonsung, and students from M 6/2T h S t i t K i K t h l K t Di t i t S i k t 33130 k thTeacher: Satapisat Kraisee, Kantararom school, Kantararom District, Srisaket 33130, www.kr.ac.thScientists: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Krisanadej Jaroensutasinee, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mullica Jaroensutasinee, Siriwan Wongkoon, Walailak University

ContentsContents11 IntroductionIntroduction

22 Research questionResearch question

33 Materials and MethodsMaterials and Methods

44 Results and DiscussionResults and Discussion

55 AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements55 AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction

K h l i l d l i d 15 1036 N d l i d• Kantararom school is located at latitude 15.1036 °N and longitude104.57538 °E, Kantararom district, Srisaket. Kantararom district is located on the sandy silt plateau and has several small ponds with 100,157 populations, 2,636 households, population density in urban area of 141 individuals/km2 and in rural area of 9 individuals/km2.


• There were 330 dengue incidence with a deathincidence with a death rate of 0.30 at Sisaket in 2008

• Since 1st January – 31st July 2010, there were 1,200 dengue incidences which was ranked fourth dengue incidence rate indengue incidence rate in northeastern region. (Ministry of Health: online 2010).


rainfalls Growth rate ofGrowth rate oftemperature

Growth rate of Growth rate of thethe mosquito mosquito larvalarva

population density

larvalarvaCause may be…Cause may be…

relative humidity

population density

location of the community

IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroductionWWe examined how urban and rural areas differ in number andrural areas differ in number and mosquito diversity.

The relationship between O

pthe type and number of mosquito larvae associated with changes in h idit d t t

Our Purposes.

humidity and temperature. The results from this study

will help us gain a better

p

will help us gain a better understanding about dengue control and management.g

Research questionResearch questionResearch questionResearch question

DDo mosquito number and species in urban and ruralspecies in urban and rural areas at Kantararom district differ? If yes, how do theydiffer? If yes, how do they differ?AAre there somedifferencesAAre there some differences between climatic factors and the number ofmosquito larvae innumber of mosquito larvae in urban and rural areas at KantharomDistrict, SrisaketProvince?

Materials and MethodsMaterials and MethodsMaterials and MethodsMaterials and Methods

Study site(a) (b)

yWe selected urban and rural areas at Kantararom district, Srisaket into 53 study sites: 10 urban sites and 43 rural sites (Fig. 1a,b).

Results and DiscussionResults and DiscussionResults and DiscussionResults and Discussion

AAt urban areat urban area, there were two genera of mosquitoes:

d d lAedes spp. and Culex spp. For Aedes, there were Aedesaegypti and Aedes albopictus .aegypti and Aedes albopictus .AAt rural areat rural area, there were three genera of mosquitoes: g qAedes spp., Culex spp. and Anopheles spp. This indicates that rural areas might be morethat rural areas might be more malaria risk than urban area.

Results and DiscussionResults and DiscussionResults and DiscussionResults and DiscussionUrban areas

The number of Aedes aegypti larvae rural areas


The number of The number of AedesAedes albopictusalbopictus larvaelarvae rural areas


The number of The number of CulexCulex sppspp.. larvaelarvae rural areas


rural areas

(a) House index

(b) Container index and

(c) Breteau index in urban


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highest temperaturelowest temperature

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Months

Fi 3 M / i t t i K th

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Months

Figure 4. The amount of rainfall in Figure 3. Max/min temperature in Kantharomarea during May 2009 to October 2010.

Kantharom Area Srisaket Province during May 2009 to October 2010.


100

120 maximum relative humidityminimum relative humidity

30

35

40

atients

MonthsUrban areaRural area

60

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ve hum

idity

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engue Fever p

a Rural area

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The

Figure 5. Max/min relative humidity in Kantharom area during May 2009 to October 2010.

Figure 6. The number of dengue fever patients at urban ( ) and at rural ( ) areas during May 2009 to October 2010.


Figure 7. a) The relationship of the number of rainy days d h b f A i l

b) The relationship of the number of rainy days d th b f d i idand the number of Ae. aegypti larvae. and the number of dengue incidences.

As the number of rainy days increased, the number of Ae. aegypti and the number of dengue incidences increased (Figure 7a,b). This strongly indicated that climatic factors (in this case, the number of rainy days) strongly influences the number of mosquito larvae. The increases in the number of mosquito larvae will increase the chance of dengue vectors to transmit the dengue virus at a higher rate. Moreover, during rainy days, people tend to stay inside their houses which may also increase the chance of being bitten by Ae. aegypti females. As we already know that Ae. aegypti tends to stay inside the house and lays their eggs in the indoor water containers.

R fReferencesS.C. Tewari, V. Thenmozhi, C. R. Katholi, R. Manavalan, A. Munirathinam

and A. Gajanana. (2004).Dengue vector prevalence and virus infection in a rural area in south India. Tropical Medicine and International Health 9(4): 499-507.

S. Wongkoon, M. Jaroensuthasinee and K. Jaroensuthasinee. (2011).Climatic variability and dengue virus transmission in ChiangRai, Thailand. Biomedica 27: 5-13.

S Th l V Ch i t D M N il d A G t (2005)S. Thammapalo, V. Chongsuwiwatwong, D. McNeil and A. Geater. (2005).The climatic factors influencing the occurrence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 36 (1) 191 19636 (1) , 191-196.

P.-C. Wu, H.-R. Guo, S.-C. Lung, C.-Y. Lin, H.-J. Su. (2007). Weather as an effective predictor for occurrence of dengue fever in Taiwan. Acta Tropica 103: 50 57Acta Tropica 103: 50–57.

A k l d tA k l d tAcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

ThisThis work is supported in part by GLOBE through Mosquito project, IPST and GLOBE southernMosquito project, IPST and GLOBE southern network. We thank Assoc. Prof. Dr. KrisanadejJaroensutasinee, Assoc. Prof. Dr.MullicaJaroensutasinee, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mullica Jaroensutasinee, Siriwan Wongkoon for some suggestions on experimental design and datasuggestions on experimental design and data analysis. We thank the director of Kantararomschool,Mr. Rita Nantapan for supporting thisschool, Mr. Rita Nantapan for supporting this project.

n-house

climatic factors and mosquito species

Education

climatic factors

rainy days

mosquito larvae

rural areas

discussionurban

stay inside

growth rate

culex spp