climate niche competition predation and herbivory symbiotic relationships
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Climate ZonesUnequal distribution of the sun’s heat
Tropical: 23.5· north to 23.5 southDirect sunlight
Temperate:23.5- 66.5 north and southVariable and seasonal
Polar:66.5-90 north and southVariable and seasonal
NicheA niche is habitat plus ‘occupation’
What is your niche?Tolerances (sunlight, temp)Resources (water, food, space, light)Physical aspects (abiotic factors)Biotic factors for survival (type of food, how
you get it)
Competition shapes communitiesPlant roots compete for water
Animals compete for food, mates, places to live
Predation, HerbivoryPredators can affect the size of
prey populationsHerbivores can affect size and
distribution of plants
Symbiosis“Living together”Three classes of symbiotic relationships
in nature:MutualismParasitismCommensalism
MutualismMutualism: both partners benefit squid and bioluminescent bacteria
Human gut microbiotaPlant roots and nitrogen fixing bacteria
ParasitismOne organism lives inside or on another,
obtains all it’s nutrients from the host and harms the hostLeechFleas & ticksTapeworm
Commensalism“Commensalism: one organism benefits, the
other is neither harmed nor helped barnacles on gray whaleBird on cow