climate change mitigation & adaptation

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Architect CPD Session Laurence Dallinger-Mills (Household Renew Project Officer) 18 th February 2010 Domestic Renewable Energy: Domestic Renewable Energy: mitigation and adaptation to climate mitigation and adaptation to climate change change

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Climate Change Plan Renewable Technologies Financial Assistance Conservation & Efficiency Mitigation with Technology Global Climate Change UK Energy Supply & Climate Scotland\'s Projected Climate Changes Climate Change Adaptation & Forward Planning

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Page 1: Climate Change  Mitigation & Adaptation

Architect CPD SessionLaurence Dallinger-Mills (Household Renew Project Officer)

18th February 2010

Domestic Renewable Energy:Domestic Renewable Energy: mitigation and adaptation to climate changemitigation and adaptation to climate change

Page 2: Climate Change  Mitigation & Adaptation

AGENDAAGENDA• Climate Change Plan • RENEW Project• Conservation & Efficiency• Mitigation with Technology• Global Climate Change• UK Energy Supply & Climate• Scotland’s Projected Changes• Adaptation with Forward Planning

UK Targets: Lower carbon dioxide emissions by 34% by 2020 (from 1990 levels).Scotland Targets: Lower carbon dioxide emissions by 42% by 2020 (from 1990 levels) by generating 50% of electricity from renewable sources with an interim target of 31% by 2011, 80% by 2050

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Renew Project OverviewRenew Project Overview

Project financed by the Climate Challenge Fund (CCF) to March 2011.

Core Objective to Mitigate & build adaptation to Climate Change by:

1.Raise local awareness and understanding of climate change.

2.Set up a Lochaber domestic renewable energy (RE) network.

3.Engage with local professionals- produce service booklet.

4.Encourage increased installation of domestic RE equipment in Lochaber.

5.Evaluate work and report to voluntary Board and CCF.

Working in partnership with Energy Saving Scotland (ESSacH&I) &

Community Energy Scotland (CES): to evaluate, share & improve.

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What Assistance is Available?What Assistance is Available?

Information SourcesInformation Sources Local network members- direct

advice from personal experience. Signposting to local services,

suppliers, accredited installers, certified products, other advice.

Attend local meetings and events to view installations and find out about how the technology performs in Lochaber.

Free home energy visit & advice. EAP Free Insulation Measures

Climate Change/RE DVD’s, literature & reference books library for LEG members.

Financial Assistance Financial Assistance 30% grant up to £4k (max 2 per

household, 8 for trade).

£500 - £10,000 interest-free energy saving / RE loan.

Access to grants for home energy saving measures and cavity wall, loft insulation.

Annual payment - every unit (kWh) of power generated in addition to units exported to grid. Av.11-14p/unit cost from grid. ROC’s to April 2010 9p/unit for

generated plus 5p for exported. NEW!!! FIT’s April 2010…….

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Tariffs - ExplainedTariffs - Explained

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Year 1: 1/4/10- 31/3/11

Year 2: 1/4/11- 31/3/12

Year 3: 1/4/12- 31/3/13

Hydro <15kW 19.9 19.9 19.9 20 3Hydro >15 - 100kW 17.8 17.8 17.8 20 3Solar PV <4kW (new build) 36.1 36.1 33 25 3Solar PV <4kW (retrofit) 41.3 41.3 37.8 25 3Solar PV Off-Grid System 29.3 29.3 26.8 25 3Wind <1.5kW 34.5 34.5 32.6 20 3Wind >1.5 - 15kW 26.7 26.7 26.7 20 3

9 9 9 to 2027 3Existing Microgenerators tranferred from the RO (installed prior to 15th July 2009)

Export Tariff

(p/kWh)

Generation Tariff level for new installations in period (p/kWh)

[NB tariffs will be inflated annually] Technology Scale

Tariff Lifetime (years)

Enhanced Tariffs 2010 Enhanced Tariffs 2010 ROC-FITROC-FIT

NEW- Tariff for renewable heat incentives (from April 2011) to encompass solar thermal, solid biomass, ground & air source heat pumps.

121%

300%

197%

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The following shows a thermographic survey of a modern Scottish house selected randomly by the BBC.

It was occupied in February 2006 and the Gaia Architects (Edinburgh) survey occurred in April 2006…………..

Building regulations governing the energy efficiency of new buildings are in the process of being revised in line with the recommendations of the Sullivan Report:www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/217736/0092637.pdf

BBC SurveyBBC Survey

Efficiency & Conservation Efficiency & Conservation

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Triple-glazed bedroom windowConservatory wing Ceiling

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The Corner of the Humid Kitchen

Underneath the window

This house, randomly selected - has an NHBC Certificate and does not even meet the Building Regulations.

Roof had 100mm insulation - even though the spec. was for 200mm

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... and it doesn’t matter how much we spend ....Conservation and efficiency are the best ways to save money and must be the primary focus before power generation is considered….

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www.microgenerationcertification.org

• Focus on consumer protection. Designed to inspire public confidence in products, product improvement and encourage market growth

• Develop an independent third party grant accreditation scheme accredited by UKAS and managed by EST.

• £390 -1,800 installer fee (depending on number of technologies)• £390 -1,000 annual renewal fee (depending on number of technologies)

• Technical Standards- Solar Thermal, PV, Wind, Heat Pumps, Biomass (hydro in development)

Able to produce all documents pertaining to planning, design,warranty, estimated power production etc.

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www.realassurance.org.uk

REAL Assurance Scheme Consumer Code covers all the

factors that contribute to a high standard of consumer service,

before, during and after the contract is agreed• Approved by OFT• Dovetails with MCS• Sponsored by Renewable Energy Association• Searchable database• £120 for small companies (1-6 employees)

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Solar Thermal: Local InstallationsSolar Thermal: Local Installations

Technology

Description

Solar Thermal Easiest & cheapest renewable

installation, capturing direct & ‘diffuse’ energy

for water heating - will provide 100% of

hot water demand in summer & about 50%over course of year (Pic: Lorna Ungoed-Thomas, Camaghael).

Typical installation 3-4sq.m, cost £3,000 - £6,000.

Benefits: Simple installation on roof Little maintenance & low running costs Raises water to 60 degrees (legionella) Works with other heating systems* Permitted development (from 12th March 09)• RHI April 2011

*May require larger or additional cylinder

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Photovoltaics- Local InstallationsPhotovoltaics- Local Installations

Technology

Description

Solar Photovoltaics (PV) Direct or diffuse

light shines (cloudy 30% vs. sunny) on silicon

semi conductor cells producing electricity.

Types- Poly/Monocrystalline the most efficientbeing 14-17%. (Pic. John & Sheila Goodall, Glen Loy)

Visited Dec 2009

Benefits Retrofit to existing roof Tilt or sloping roof (must not be shaded). Free Standing or even PV roof tiles ROC & FIT payments for generated and exported

power- 37p/kWh & 3p/kWh Permitted development (12th March 2009). Little maintenance, low running costs.

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Biomass: Local InstallationsBiomass: Local Installations

Technology

Description

Biomass Open fires are very inefficient

<30%. Key to modern biomass heatingis efficiency & control (Pic: Kate & Neil Proctor, Strontian).

Benefits: Automated boilers & stoves- 30% grant Pellet Stove 6-12kW £2,500 - £5,000 Pellet Stove/Boiler 8-20kW £3 - £7,000 Can supply all heat demand to a less

well insulated property. Servicing: ash removal (monthly), clean

burner (annually). RHI April 2011.• Planning Permission possibly for flue or

boiler house

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Lochaber Environmental Group:

DOMESTIC BIOMASS OPEN DAY EVENT

Where? Highland Wood Energy Biomass Showroom, Lochaber Rural Complex, Torlundy

When? Saturday 20th February 2010 between 10AM – 2PM

Why? Save Money & the Environment- or simply learn something new!

PRIZE DRAW – £100 WORTH OF LOGS & FREE HOME DELIVERY

COMPLEMENTARY LUNCH & TEA, COFFEE PROVIDED BETWEEN 12-1PM

Come and learn about efficient wood fuel heating & grant-funded insulation in a relaxed, picturesque setting

See the Biomass Stoves / Boilers in action - wood pellet, chip & log varieties.

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Heat Pumps: Local InstallationsHeat Pumps: Local Installations

Technology

Description

Heat Pumps (HP) Use latent heat stored in the

ground/air/water. Highly efficient form of solar

not geothermal energy. Suited to new build. (Pic. Graham Moss, ASHP, Glenfinnan).Visited Nov

Benefits: 75% free environmental energy + 25%

electrical energy = 100% heating energy Ideal complement in a hybrid system Ratio of energy in, to heat out (CoP) 2.5 – 5. More efficient with underfloor heating than

radiators due to lower flow temps (40-45 deg.)

Economy 10 off-peak tariff available (SSE) Water & Ground Source Heat Pump - PD Domestic Air Source HP PD Consultation• RHI April 2011

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Wind Power- Local InstallationsWind Power- Local Installations

TechnologyDescription

Wind Turbines (<15kW) Scotland is one of the

windiest countries in Europe, & wind one of the

most proven renewable technologies . Site location

is key: away from obstacles (turbulence) & height

off ground (9 to15M= +33% power @+10% cost).(Pic. Jeff Forrester, Resipole) Visited Jan

Benefits: Grid connected or stand alone (batteries). Payment for electricity generated

(26.7-34.5p/p/kWh in addition to exported to grid (3p/p/kWh). {Av 11-14p/p/kWh from grid}.

Wind speed increases with height- consider planning issues and informing neighbours.

• PD Domestic Micro-Wind Consultation (Feb 2010)

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Micro Hydro- Local InstallationsMicro Hydro- Local Installations

Technology

DescriptionMicro-Hydro (<100kW) Converts potential

energy in water to mechanical & electrical

energy. Key factors are head (fall) and flow(l/s body of water). (Pic. John & Sheila Goodall, Glen Loy)

Visited Dec .

Benefits: High efficiency ~ 50-70% Predictable electricity (complements PV) Good match in demand as maximum output

in winter FIT (April 2010) payment for power

generated (19.9pkWh) and exported (3p) SEPA, SNH license controls to minimise

environmental impact

Mechanical Energy

Electrical EnergyPotential

Energy

Kinetic Energy

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CO2 Emissions

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Climate Change Motivations Climate Change Motivations

Carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations (in parts per million) for the last 1100 years, measured from air trapped in ice cores (up to 1977) and directly in Hawaii (from 1958 onwards).

Something new happened between 1800 - 2000 AD.

In 1769, James Watt patented his steam engine. (the start of the ‘Industrial Revolution’)

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Why Discuss Energy?Why Discuss Energy?

Left Chart: UK net electricity supplied, by source, in kWh per day per person. (Another 0.9 kWh/d/p is generated and used by the generators themselves.)

Right Chart: the “energy gap” created by UK power station closures, as projected by energy company EdF. This graph shows the predicted capacity of nuclear, coal, and oil power stations, in kilowatt-hours per day per person. The capacity is the maximum deliverable power of a source.

Are “our” fossil fuels running out? Total crude oil production from the North Sea, and oil price in 2006 dollars per barrel.

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Housing & Property Service

Planning & Development

Transport, Environment & Community Service Finance Service

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Top 3 = 44%

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Page 46: Climate Change  Mitigation & Adaptation

Lochaber RE ‘Services’ GuideLochaber RE ‘Services’ Guide

• June 2010 Planned Publication & distribution to Lochaber householders.• Local Renewable Energy Services/Contacts Booklet : Architects, Builders, Installers, Suppliers, Manufacturers• Inclusion?• Standardised Format – will need quantifying expertise & experience• Recommendations on local businesses to include?• Ideas – suggestions?

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Join Our Free NetworkJoin Our Free Network

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Thank You

Questions?