climate change dr nigel mortimer managing director north energy associates, sheffield
TRANSCRIPT
Climate change
Dr Nigel Mortimer
Managing Director
North Energy Associates, Sheffield
Principle 3: Climate change
Biofuels should contribute to a net
reduction of total greenhouse gas
(GHG) emissions and not exacerbate
global climate change
The current situation
• Target-based policies encourage large-scale production
• Can promote production in countries without climate change mitigation policies
• Corn-based bioethanol production in the USA
European regulation• Biofuels supplied within the EU have
requirements for GHG emission savings • Stronger controls needed for EU imports
Measuring greenhouse gas emissions
• Percentage difference between total GHG emissions of a biofuel and total GHG emissions of a conventional fuel
• Life cycle assessment of biofuels accounts GHG emissions associated with:– Cultivation/provision– Processing/conversion– Transport– Land use change (direct and indirect)?
Land use change Direct land use change (dLUC) • EC approach - no land with high carbon
stocks should be used for the cultivation of biofuels
Indirect land use change (iLUC)• RED proposes EC should develop a
methodology to minimise GHG emissions associated with iLUC
• Regulation or policy analysis?
Recommendations
• Single international standard for assessing GHG emissions across the life cycle of biofuels should be used by EC and EU Member States
• Policies on land use change should be set within a global, co-ordinated response to climate change, with strong international and local measures to prevent destruction of high carbon stocks
New technologies• Potential for reducing GHG emissions• Blunt targets for current biofuels mean few
incentives for developing new technologies Recommendation • Policy makers should incentivise research
and development of new biofuels technologies that: – reduce greenhouse gas emissions– avoid environmental harms– avoid social harms– need less land and other resources