climate change: b angladesh perspective

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CLIMATE CHANGE: BANGLADESH PERSPECTIVE Kazi Farhed Iqubal Department of Environmental Science State University of Bangladesh

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Climate change: B angladesh perspective. Kazi Farhed Iqubal Department of Environmental Science State University of Bangladesh. Climate. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Climate change: B angladesh perspective

CLIMATE CHANGE: BANGLADESH PERSPECTIVE

Kazi Farhed IqubalDepartment of Environmental Science State University of Bangladesh

Page 2: Climate change: B angladesh perspective

CLIMATEClimate in a narrow sense is usually defined as the “average weather”, or more rigorously, as the statistical description in terms of the mean and variability of relevant quantities over a period of time ranging from months to thousands or millions of years. The classical period is 30 years, as defined by the WMO. These quantities are most often surface variables such as temperature, precipitation, and wind. The climate of a location is affected by its latitude, terrain, altitude, persistent ice or snow cover, as well as nearby oceans and their currents.

Climate in a wider sense is the state, including a statistical description, of the climate system

Page 3: Climate change: B angladesh perspective

CLIMATE CHANGE

Climate change is any long-term significant change in the “average weather” of a region or the earth as a whole. Average weather may include average temperature, precipitation and wind patterns. It involves changes in the variability or average state of the atmosphere over decades to millions of years. These changes can be caused by dynamic processes on Earth, external forces including variations in sunlight intensity, and more recently by human activities.

In recent usage, especially in the context of environmental policy, the term "climate change" usually refers to changes in modern climate

Page 4: Climate change: B angladesh perspective

CAUSE OF CC

Increased GHG emission following industrial revolution ( burning fossil fuel, industrialization etc.)

Increased GHG level in the atmosphere More heat energy from sunlight absorbed by

increased GHG in the atmosphere Overall temperature of the planet increased

(global warming) Changes in the precipitation and wind

pattern along with the temperature (over 30 years avg or more) are referred as CC

Page 5: Climate change: B angladesh perspective
Page 6: Climate change: B angladesh perspective

CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT

Page 7: Climate change: B angladesh perspective

MAJOR GREENHOUSE GASMAJOR GREENHOUSE GAS

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Methane (CH4)

Nitrous Oxide (N2O)

CFC12 (CCI2F2)

HCFC22(CHCIF2)

Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6)

Page 8: Climate change: B angladesh perspective

Sources of GHGsSources of GHGs

Energy SectorEnergy Sector• Energy Industry• Manufacturing Industries• Transport• Residential Sector• Commercial• Agriculture

Agriculture SectorAgriculture Sector• Crop Agriculture• Livestock and Manure Management-

Landuse Change and ForestryLanduse Change and Forestry• Conversion of Land• Consumption of Timber and Deforestation

Page 9: Climate change: B angladesh perspective
Page 10: Climate change: B angladesh perspective

APPROACHES TO SOLUTIONS AND ACTIONS

Mitigation Kyoto Protocol (the first limited action) Kyoto mechanisms (CDM, JI, Emissions Trading)

Adaptation

Technology transfer

Adequate fund flow ( AF, LDCF, SCCF, MDTF, BCCF, etc.)

Page 11: Climate change: B angladesh perspective

CLIMATE CHANGE AND BANGLADESH

Page 12: Climate change: B angladesh perspective

BANGLADESH: A SOUTH ASIAN COUNTRY

Page 13: Climate change: B angladesh perspective

COUNTRY CONTEXT AND VULNERABILITY

Deltaic landscape, 80%floodplain Population density very high (1045/km2) High level of Poverty (less than $1 a day 29%,

less than $2 a day 84%) Disaster prone, people are exposed to hazards Natural resources based (predominantly

agrarian) economy Recognized globally as most vulnerable to

Climate Change

Page 14: Climate change: B angladesh perspective

CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS: MAKES IT WORSE More floods ( 1998, 2004, 2007, water logging,

flash flood) Increased moisture stress (droughts, even in the

Coastal Zone) Intensified cyclone, wind, storm surge, turbulent

sea, precipitation Salinity intrusion (100 km in to the country side

during dry season) Greater temperature extremes Slow-onset impacts (salinization, dryness,

ecosystem degradation etc.)

Page 15: Climate change: B angladesh perspective

IPCC PROJECTION (AR 4)

The annual mean rainfall exhibits increasing trends in Bangladesh. Decadal rain anomalies are above long term averages since 1960s.

Serious and recurring floods have taken place during 2002, 2003, and 2004. Cyclones originating from the Bay of Bengal have been noted to decrease since 1970 but the intensity has increased.

Water shortages has been attributed to rapid urbanization and industrialization, population growth and inefficient water use, which are aggravated by changing climate and its adverse impacts on demand, supply and water quality.

Salt water from the Bay of Bengal is reported to have penetrated 100 km or more inland along tributary channels during the dry season.

The precipitation decline and droughts has resulted in the drying up of wetlands and severe degradation of ecosystems.

Page 16: Climate change: B angladesh perspective

0 SLR32 cm SLR88 cm SLR

Drought Hazards Flood Hazards

Cyclone Salinity

Page 17: Climate change: B angladesh perspective

Climate Change Challenges Development

Affects…-Agriculture, Industry, Health, Infrastructure and others-Ecosystems, Special areas

(EPZ, Coastal zones, etc.)

-Farmers, Fishermen, Natural resource collectors-People living in marginal land-Women, child & disadvantaged groups

Page 18: Climate change: B angladesh perspective

Gradual impacts Agriculture

Flood, flash flood, droughts, salinity, precipitation pattern Rice and wheat production reduce 8% and 32% respectively by

2050 Fisheries impacted negatively (salinity intrusion, fisheries

recruitment etc) Water

Flood/flash flood timing Increased precipitation in the catchments bring more water which

is beyond drainage capacity, infrastructure insufficient capacity Urban flooding, drainage congestion (drainage infrastructure and

channels are insufficient) Salinity intrusion (irrigation, domestic use, drinking water) Trans-boundary water issues

Page 19: Climate change: B angladesh perspective

Gradual Impacts Health

Increased water and vector borne diseases Increased diseases due to salinity and water logging Sanitation, safe drinking water

Coastal zone Intensified cyclone Increased/ storm surges, wave heights, turbulent sea Salinity intrusion, soil salinity, ground water salinity

Special areas Ecosystems Areas with high economic importance (Export Process Zone, ports etc)

Most vulnerable groups Women, children, elderly Disadvantaged groups (ethnic, fisher, Sundarban dependent etc)

Page 20: Climate change: B angladesh perspective

CC impacting livelihoods -an example

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

No.

of

days w

ith s

ignal 3 o

r m

ore

Page 21: Climate change: B angladesh perspective

Climate Change – Disaster Risks

Increased SST potential for more cyclone landfall and storm surges

Increased rain during monsoon/post monsoon in upper catchment & or within Bangladesh leads to more floods and disasters

Water shortage and higher temperature results into acute and more spread droughts

More erosion Infrastructures: threat past gains and needs new design

Page 22: Climate change: B angladesh perspective

RESPONSE

NationalGovernmentCivil society

InternationalUNFCCC, Kyoto protocol, Negotiation, funding

mechanismDevelopment partners

Page 23: Climate change: B angladesh perspective

Response National

Kyoto Protocol, UNFCCC ratified A large number of studies NAPA, National communication International process (Negotiation) Climate Change Cell BCCSAP 2009 BCCF

Page 24: Climate change: B angladesh perspective

CIVIL SOCIETY

Championed the concern in country/abroad, active earlier Work closely/partnerships with Government entities

(NAPA, national communication, etc.) Part of country delegation to COP/MOP Numerous studies, assessments (over 100)

Civil society initiatives are on the ground, piloting and demonstration and building community resilience

Government learns from these and uptake for scale up and institutionalization

Page 25: Climate change: B angladesh perspective

THANKS